Post-referendum in Sweden - European Commission · FLASH EB N°149 «Post-referendum in Sweden » - Report p. 2 PRESENTATION A nationwide referendum on the adoption of the Euro was

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Flash Eurobarometer 149
Post-referendum in Sweden
Fieldwork 23–24. September 2003
Publication October 2003

Survey requested and coordinated by DGeneral Press and Communicati

This document does not represent the point of view o

Commission. The interpretations and opinions contained in itthe authors.

European Commission

irectorate on

f the European are solely those of

FLASH EUROBAROMETER 149

“Post-referendum in Sweden”

Conducted by EOS Gallup Europe upon request of the DG Press and Communications of the European Commission

Survey organized and managed by DG ‘Press and Communication’

(Opinion polls, Press reviews, Europe Direct)

This document does not reflect the views of the European Commission. Any interpretations or opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors alone.

SURVEY: 23-24

ANALYTICAL REP

September 2003 ORT: October 2003

FLASH EB N°149 «Post-referendum in Sweden » - Report p. 1

PRESENTATION.............................................................................................2

1. Analysis of the participation in the referendum ........................................................... 4 1.1 A high turnout rate: Swedes mobilised by this important European issue................... 4 1.2 The abstaining population: Who did not vote in the referendum and why? ................. 6 1.3 The interest in the referendum ..................................................................................... 8 1.4 Sufficiently informed voters ........................................................................................ 10

2. For or against the Euro? A recall of the vote in the referendum .............................. 12 2.1 Who voted against the adoption of the Euro?............................................................ 12 2.2 At what point did the voters make up their minds? .................................................... 16 2.3 Influence of others...................................................................................................... 18

3. The opinion on the Euro and the European Union.................................................... 20 3.1 Key elements influencing voters in the referendum ................................................... 20 3.2 The opinion on the Euro............................................................................................. 22 3.3 The opinion on the European Union .......................................................................... 24

3.3.1 The image of the European Unions’ institutions.................................................. 24 3.3.2 The EU and decision-making .............................................................................. 28 3.3.3 Overall approval of Swedish membership in the European Union...................... 30

4. The future of the Euro in Sweden ................................................................................ 32 4.1 Satisfaction with the final result of the referendum .................................................... 32 4.2 Will Sweden end up adopting the Euro?.................................................................... 34

CONCLUSION...............................................................................................35 TECHNICAL NOTE QUESTIONNAIRES


PRESENTATION

A nationwide referendum on the adoption of the Euro was held in Sweden on September 14th 2003. As the outcome of this referendum has shown, Sweden has once again decided to stay out of the European Monetary Union. Final results show that among a very high turnout rate of over 82%, the ‘No’ vote, with close to 56% of the population, largely dominated the ‘Yes’ vote, representing 42% (2% voted blank or null). Many reasons that led to the rejection of the common currency in Sweden remain unexplained. Was the Swedish population lacking of information on the Euro, or on the contrary, was the choice of vote during the referendum a well thought out decision? The context in which this referendum took place was extraordinary due to the assassination, just three days before the ballot, of Sweden’s Foreign Minister Anna Lindh, a strong supporter of the ‘Yes‘ vote to the Euro adoption. Can we say that this tragic event had any influence on the voter’s choice? In this context, the PRESS General Directorate of the European Commission wished to organise a post-referendum survey among the Swedish population of voting age, in order to further understand the results of this referendum as well as the voter’s decisions on why the Euro was rejected. On the 23rd and 24th of September 2003, only 10 days after the referendum on the adoption of the Euro, EOS Gallup Europe and its partner institute in Sweden TNS Svenska Gallup, conducted a survey among the Swedish population aged 18 years and over. The main objective of this survey is to understand the motivations, which led the majority of voters to vote ‘No’, thus rejecting the common currency and staying out of the monetary union. The analysis of the surveys’ results will try to put forth the reasons for the rejection of the common currency. The following topics will be studied:

The participation in the referendum Analysis of the voter’s choice Opinions on the Euro and the European Union in general The future of the Euro in Sweden

The following pages will present the main results obtained. Along with the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents namely, gender, age, education, occupation and locality type, we have also included the respondents’ political characteristics, namely the proximity to political parties of the respondents. We have kept the original Swedish names of the main political parties in Sweden, which are: Moderaterna (Conservative), Folkpartiet (Liberal), Centern (Center), Kristdemokraterna (Christian Democrats), Miljöpartiet (Greens), Socialdemokraterna (Social Democrats) and Vänsterpartiet (Left). We have also crossed results of the survey with the respondents’ choice of vote in the referendum and their approval or disapproval of Swedish membership in the European Union. The sample size of this survey amounts to 1000 respondents. The methodology used is that of Flash Eurobarometer telephone interviews. A technical note pertaining to the way the TNS Svenska Gallup conducted interviews is found at the end of this analysis. It provides further details on interviewing methods as well as statistical margins of error.


Q1. Did you vote in the Referendum on the Euro?

81%

81%

82%

60%

76%

90%

87%

87%

81%

84%

85%

90%

81%

77%

77%

84%

81%

84%

87%

95%

72%

83%

85%

93%

73%

82%

87%

19%

19%

18%

40%

24%

10%

13%

13%

19%

16%

15%

10%

19%

23%

23%

16%

19%

16%

13%

5%

28%

18%

15%

7%

27%

18%

13%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

TOTAL

SEX-SEXE

M en /Hommes

Women/Femmes

AGE

18-24

25-39

40-54

55 & +

EDUCATION

15 & -

16-20

21 & +

OCCUPATION - PROFESSION

Self-empl. / Indpdt

Employee / Employé

M anual worker / Ouvrier

Without prof.act. / Ss act. prof.

LOCALITY TYPE / HABITAT

M etropolitan areas

Towns / Villes

Rural zones / Zones Rurales

POL. PROX./ PROX PART.

M oderaterna

Folkpartiet

Centern

Kristdemokrat.

M iljöpartiet

Socialdemokrat.

Vänsterpartiet

None

EU M EM BERSHIP / ADHESION UE

Approve

Disapprove

YES / OUI NO / NON


1. Analysis of the participation in the referendum

In this first chapter, we will analyse the participation in the referendum. First, we will observe the population categories that participated in the referendum as well as those who abstained from voting. Then, we will try to rate the importance of the issue in question at this referendum, in the opinion of the Swedish population.

1.1 A high turnout rate: Swedes mobilised by this important European issue - Over 80% of Swedes of voting age participated in the referendum: a clear sign of interest -

The official turnout rate for this referendum, representing over 82% of the Swedish population eligible to vote, demonstrates a high interest and involvement of the Swedish population in European issues. We can compare this enthusiasm to that of another referendum, which took place in 1994 concerning the entry of Sweden into the European Union, where turnout was equally high with approximately 83%. As it is often the case in post-election surveys, we noted an exaggeration of voters’ turnout in our study. In order to match as closely as possible to the reality of the Swedish Referendum, we weighted the results of this study with the official turnout figures. The result of this weighting process gives us a reconstructed turnout figure of 81%. We will use this figure in order to compare any important discrepancies among the different categories of population studied throughout this report. When analysing the socio-demographic characteristics of the population that voted, we can note that both men and women participated at an almost equal rate in the referendum, correspond to respectively 81% and 82%. However, strong discrepancies can be observed among the age categories. In fact, we can note that among the youngest population of voting age, namely those aged 18 to 24 years, only 60% voted in this referendum. This result is over 20 percentage points below the average turnout rate in Sweden (81%). At the same time, the age category that was the most fervent to vote were populations aged 40-54 years, with 90% turning out to vote, closely followed by the eldest populations, 55 years and over, with 87% turning out to vote. Among the different categories of occupation, we can note that employees had the strongest urge to vote, with a rate of 90% participating in the referendum. On the contrary, populations without a professional activity were less motivated, since only 77% of respondents in this category indicated having voted in the referendum. The political characteristics of respondents show us that those close to the Centre party (‘Centern’) as well as to the Left party (‘Vänsterpartiet’) had the highest turnout rate in the referendum, at respectively 95% and 93%. Lowest turnouts in this category can be observed among persons close to the Christian Democratic party (Kristdemokrat.), with 72%, and those persons who indicated not having any particular proximity to any political party whatsoever (73%). Finally, among the populations who either approve or disapprove of Sweden’s EU membership of Sweden, voting turnout at the referendum seemed to be slightly stronger among those disapproving of EU membership (87%) than among those approving it (82%). To summarize, here are the categories of population that voted the least during the referendum:

- The youngest populations aged 18 to 24 (60%) - The persons sympathising with the Christian democratic party (72%) - Those without any political party proximity (73%) - Persons without a professional activity (77%) - Persons living in metropolitan areas (77%)



1.2 The abstaining population: Who did not vote in the referendum and why?

- Lack of interest in politics, one of the main reasons for abstention in the referendum - Although the voter turnout was very high for this referendum, it is interesting to analyse why the remaining 18% of the population did not participate in the referendum. As seen earlier, the categories of population among which a significant portion did not vote are the youngest aged 18 to 24, as well as certain of those aged 25 to 39, those without a professional activity and generally those without any particular proximity to a political party. Respondents were asked to indicate, among a list of statements, which of them came closest to their reason for not voting.

Reasons for not voting in the referendum

% of total abstaining population

You really intended to vote but circumstances on the day prevented you 35%

You are just not interested in politics 25% You are not interested in this Euro

related matter 9%

You found it hard to understand this Euro matter 5%

There was no point in voting because there is no real democracy in Sweden 6%

There was no point in voting because it was obvious that the "No" would be

chosen anyway 3%

[OTHER – Specify] 11%

[DK/NA] 6%

Results show that although a relative majority of the abstaining population explain their non-vote due to circumstances on the day of the vote (35%), we must nevertheless note that 25% of respondents indicated simply not being interested in politics as the main reason for abstaining: a feeling mostly expressed by women, people under 39 years of age, those without a professional activity and those opposed to Sweden’s membership of the EU. In fact, only 9% of those abstaining declare that they were simply not interested in the Euro. In other words, non-voters position themselves more in relation to their attitude towards politics than in relation to the specific issue of this Referendum.


Q.7 How interested were you in the Referendum on the adoption of the Euro by Sweden that was held on September 14th?

29%

31%

27%

15%30%

32%31%

23%40%

45%38%

19%

27%

32%30%

22%

32%

32%

21%

27%

31%

39%22%

36%29%

32%

27%

44%

42%

45%

57%45%

42%40%

50%41%

34%43%

49%

41%

45%42%

46%

43%

46%

51%

40%

44%

47%30%

45%45%

44%

43%

19%

20%

19%

14%18%

23%

19%15%

9%16%

24%

13%20%

26%

19%

15%

19%9%

23%

22%

14%24%

15%21%

18%

21%

7%

7%

7%

8%5%

7%

8%

10%

7%

8%

10%

21%

5%

5%

9%

20%

39%

34%

51%

32%

20%

21%

12%

8%

9%

6%

6%

7%

11%

14%

4%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

TOTAL

SEX-SEXE

M en /Hommes

Women/Femmes

AGE

18-24

25-39

40-54

55 & +

EDUCATION

15 & -

16-20

21 & +


Self-empl. / Indpdt

Employee / Employé




M etropolitan areas

Towns / Villes



M oderaterna

Folkpartiet

Centern

Kristdemokrat.

M iljöpartiet

Socialdemokrat.

Vänsterpartiet

None

VOTE REFERENDUM

Yes / Oui

No / Non


Approve

Disapprove

Very interested Rather interested Rather not interested Not interested at all DK/NA


1.3 The interest in the referendum

- 73% of voters indicated being interested in the referendum - When asked to rate their level of interest in this referendum on the adoption of the Euro, results show that a vast majority of the total Swedish population eligible to vote indicated being interested in this referendum. The total rate of populations ‘very interested’ and ‘rather interested’ seems to be much higher than that of populations ‘rather uninterested and ‘not interested at all, at 73% against 26%. We can thus consider that a vast majority of Swedes was interested in the topic of this vote and the importance of the issue, which may well explain the high turnout rate. The analysis of results by socio-demographic characteristics shows only few differences from the total average. In the age categories, the only notable difference can be observed among the youngest populations, among which the rate of persons indicating being ‘very interested’ (at a rate of 15%) in the referendum is much lower than among the other age categories. This rate is approximately half the average of the other age groups (at approximately 30%). This may well explain the lower turnout rate of this age category. Strong discrepancies can be observed among the education levels. While only 54% of those having been educated until the age of 15 years or less indicate having been interested in the referendum, 81% of those having studied the longest, namely until the age of 21 or over, indicate that they were interested in the referendum. Furthermore, the most educated are twice as likely (40%) to indicate that they were ‘very interested’ in the referendum than the least educated (20%). Among the categories of occupation, manual workers (68%) and persons without a professional activity (68%) showed significantly less interest in the referendum than employees (81%) and the self-employed (79%). This last category seems to have the highest rate of respondents confirming that they are ‘very interested’ in the referendum, with 45%. Further on, we can observe that populations living in metropolitan areas (77%) indicate having showed somewhat more interest than those populations living in towns (72%) or rural areas (68%). When studying the political characteristics, we can note that populations who are not close to any party tended to show the least interest in the referendum (52%). In fact, this category of population is the only one to have a significant rate of respondents ‘not interested at all’ (21%). Here we can conclude that the opinion on the adoption of the Euro is far more accentuated among persons with an interest in political parties. Finally, those who voted ‘Yes’ in the referendum were slightly more numerous to be interested in this referendum than those having voted ‘No’ (respectively 81% against 74%). As for the approval of EU membership, those in favour (76%) show a somewhat higher rate of interest than populations who disapprove of Swedish membership of the EU (70%).


Q.8a) Before voting in the Referendum, you had all necessary information in order to make a choice?

(% AGREE / DISAGREE)

71%

75%67%

58%

68%74%

76%

75%

70%72%

76%

74%65%

73%

71%69%

74%

70%71%

77%77%

68%73%

77%

63%

76%77%

71%

74%

24%

23%25%

31%

29%23%

19%

19%

26%24%

20%

26%31%

20%

25%26%

19%

23%

15%

29%23%

23%

24%

23%

5%

8%

12%

4%

5%

5%

4%

4%

5%

7%

4%5%

6%

6%

8%

4%

14%

5%

22%23%

24%

23%

28%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

TOTAL

SEX-SEXE

M en /Hommes

Women/Femmes

AGE

18-24

25-39

40-54

55 & +

EDUCATION

15 & -

16-20

21 & +


Self-empl. / Indpdt

Employee / Employé




M etropolitan areas/ M etropoles

Towns / Villes



M oderaterna

Folkpartiet

Centern

Kristdemokrat.

M iljöpartiet

Socialdemokrat.

Vänsterpartiet

None

VOTE REFERENDUM

Yes / Oui

No / Non


Approve

Disapprove

AGREE DISAGREE DK/NA


1.4 Sufficiently informed voters

- A vast majority of Swedish voters indicated being sufficiently informed before voting - Respondents were asked whether they believed that they had all necessary information before voting in the referendum in order to make their choice whether Sweden should adopt the Euro or not. Results show that a large majority, namely 71% of the population agrees with this proposition. In other words, the explanation of the victory of the “No” seems not to be found in a lack of information about the Euro1. In fact, both sides of voters declare themselves as equally informed (around 76%). When observing the results by socio-demographic characteristics, we can note that some categories show certain discrepancies: Between genders, we can say that men (75%) indicate having been more informed than women (67%), with 8 percentage points separating these two groups. The different age categories show that the youngest populations seem to agree to a far lesser extent with the fact that they were well informed before the referendum in order to make a choice, at only 58%. This rate is 13 percentage points below the total average and 18 percentage points below the rate of the population aged 55 and older (76%). This last category shows one of the highest rates of agreement with the fact that they were well informed before the referendum in order to make their choice. Among the occupation categories, manual workers seem far less informed, with only 65% agreeing with the suggestion mentioned above. Along with the youngest populations, the manual workers demonstrate the highest level of disagreement, at 31%. A last observation can be made for populations without any political proximity, among which only 63% agree to the fact that they were sufficiently informed in order to make a choice before the referendum. In short, the only populations that are somewhat reluctant to agree that they had sufficient information before the referendum in order to make a choice are:

- Populations aged 18 to 24 years (58%) - Those without any party proximity (63%) - Manual workers (65%)

1 The first post-referendum survey (Flash EB 108) conducted in Ireland in 2001after the rejection of the Nice treaty in June 2001, showed that a lack of information about this treaty was one of the key factors for the strength of the “No” side in this country.


Q.3 How did you vote in the Referendum? Did you vote "YES" in favour of the adoption of the Euro by Sweden or "NO" against it?

42%

47%

37%

40%

35%

44%

46%

31%

38%

51%

55%

56%

28%

39%

52%

40%

34%

56%

52%

61%

60%

62%

54%

53%

67%

62%

46%

43%

42%

70%

59%

46%

58%

65%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

TOTAL

SEX-SEXE

M en /Hommes

Women/Femmes

AGE

18-24

25-39

40-54

55 & +

EDUCATION

15 & -

16-20

21 & +


Self-empl. / Indpdt

Employee / Employé




M etropolitan areas/ M etroples

Towns / Villes


YES NO BLANK or NULL


2. For or against the Euro? A recall of the vote in the referendum

In this second chapter, we will analyse the result of the referendum and what led to the choice of voters. First, we will observe which categories of the population voted for the Euro and which ones voted against the Euro. Then, in a second part, we will see whether the voter’s choice was, in anyway, influenced by the different electoral campaigns, by close relations or relatives, or by the tragic assassination of Foreign Minister Anna Lindh just days before the referendum.

2.1 Who voted against the adoption of the Euro?

- The ‘No’ vote backed by a majority of 56% of the Swedish voters - With 56% of the population voting ‘No’ against the Euro and 42% ‘Yes’ in favour of the Euro, Sweden has rejected its entry into the European Monetary Union. When analysing the results by socio-demographic and political characteristics, we can note that the ’No’ is more pronounced among certain specific categories than others. Between genders, we can note that women (61% voted ‘No’) voted more strongly against the Euro than men (52% voted ‘No’), with a difference of 9 percentage points. Among the different age categories, ‘No’ votes were more frequent among younger populations than among elder populations. In comparison, 62% of those aged 25 to 39 voted ‘No’ while only 53% of those aged 55 and older voted ‘No’, amounting to a difference of 9 percentage points. The levels of education show that the least educated chose to vote ‘No’ in far higher proportions than the most educated, at respectively 67% against 46%. 21 percentage points separate these two categories. Among the categories of occupation, it is very clear that manual workers massively voted in favour of the ’No’, with a result amounting to 70%. Populations without a professional activity follow with 59% against the Euro. On the opposite, the self-employed and employees predominantly voted ‘Yes’ in favour of the common currency, with respectively 55% and 56%. The locality type also shows disparities between voters, since there is a difference of 19 percentage points separating the ‘No’ vote between inhabitants of rural areas who are strongly against the Euro (65%), and the metropolitans, with only a minority against the Euro (46% voted ‘No’).


Q.3 How did you vote in the Referendum? Did you vote "YES" in favour of the adoption of the Euro by Sweden or "NO" against it?

42%

65%

67%

23%

44%

16%

41%

9%

39%

65%

4%

56%

34%

31%

77%

56%

80%

56%

90%

60%

33%

95%

4%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

TOTAL


M oderaterna

Folkpartiet

Centern

Kristdemokrat.

M iljöpartiet

Socialdemokrat.

Vänsterpartiet

None


Approve

Disapprove

YES NO BLANK or NULL

FLASH EB N°149 «Post-referendum in Sweden » - Report p. 14 The political characteristics of voters show that these divisions are even more accentuated. The strongest disparity can be noted between the two political extremes, the liberal party, namely the ‘Folkpartiet’ (31% voted ‘No’) and the Left party, namely the ’Vänsterpartiet’ (90% voted ‘No’). A significant difference of 59 percentage points separates the rate of ‘No’ votes between these two political tendencies. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that among supporters of certain political parties such as the Christian Democrats or the Social Democrats those close to these parties were quite divided as to their choice of vote during the referendum. For example, 41% of those close to the Social Democratic party voted ‘Yes’ in favour of the Euro, and 56% ‘No’ against it. Along with the population close to the Left party, the Green party (‘Miljöpartiet’) followers also massively voted against the Euro (80%). Finally, another important disparity can be noted between those populations approving EU membership (33% voted ‘No’) and those disapproving it (95% voted ‘No’), since here again, 62 percentage points separate these two groups of population. It is therefore more than possible that the attitude towards the EU in general has play a decisive role in voters’ choice. We will come back to this later on. To sum up, the most fervent ‘No’ voters during the referendum were :

- Women (61%) - Populations aged 25 to 39 (62%) - Populations educated until the age of 15 years or less (67%) - Manual workers (70%) - Populations living in rural zones (65%) - Populations close to the Left party (90%) and the Green party (80%) - Populations disapproving of Sweden’s EU membership (95%)

While the most fervent ‘Yes’ voters were:

- The highly educated populations (51%) - The self-employed and the employees (55% and 56%) - Populations living in metropolitan areas (52%) - Populations close to the ‘Moderaterna’ party (Conservative party) and the ‘Folkpartiet’

(Liberal party) (65% and 67%)


Q.4 Can you roughly tell me when did you make up your mind how you would vote in the Referendum on the adoption of the Euro by Sweden?

38%

39%

37%

35%

32%35%

44%

50%38%

33%

49%

35%

29%45%

31%40%

41%

51%

35%

44%43%

41%

30%35%

44%

35%41%

32%50%

34%

34%

33%

40%

30%38%

33%

27%36%

35%

19%

38%

40%30%

33%34%

32%

30%

30%

32%32%

28%

35%44%26%

28%38%

34%34%

18%

16%

20%

21%

25%15%

14%

16%17%

19%

19%

15%

22%17%

20%18%

15%

12%

19%

15%19%

18%

23%15%

16%

22%14%

22%10%

4%

4%

5%

4%

5%5%

4%

5%

5%

5%

7%4%4%

5%

5%

4%

6%

6%4%

7%4%

4%

4%

9%

6%

8%

6%

5%4%

7%

4%

4%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

TOTAL

SEX-SEXE

Men /Hommes

Women/Femmes

AGE

18-24

25-39

40-54

55 & +

EDUCATION

15 & -

16-20

21 & +


Self-empl. / Indpdt

Employee / Employé

Manual worker / Ouvrier



Metropolitan areas/ Metroples

Towns / Villes



Moderaterna

Folkpartiet

Centern

Kristdemokrat.

Miljöpartiet

Socialdemokrat.

Vänsterpartiet

None

VOTE REFERENDUM

Yes / Oui

No / Non

EU MEMBERSHIP / ADHESION UE

Approve

Disapprove

At the time the Referendum w as announcedFairly early on during the Referendum campaignIn the f inal w eeks of the campaignA few days before the death of Mrs Anna Lindh, late Minister of Foreign AffairsAfter the death of Mrs Anna Lindh, late Minister of Foreign AffairsOn the day of the of the Referendum itself DK/NA


2.2 At what point did the voters make up their minds?

- 72% of voters indicate having made their choice early on before the referendum - Respondents were asked at what point in time roughly, they had made up their mind on how they would vote in the referendum. Results show that a vast majority of voters had already made up their mind on how they were going to vote far before the referendum took place. While 38% indicate having made up their mind at the time the referendum was announced, 34% admit that they already knew how they were going to vote fairly early on during the referendum campaign. This result may also allow us to conclude that the electoral campaign, especially the ‘Yes’ vote campaign, was not very successful in convincing voters. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that 28% of the voters for the “Yes” indicated to have made up their mind early on during the Referendum campaign while they are 38% in this case in the “No” side. Another question that remained after the referendum, was to find out whether the assassination of Sweden’s Foreign Minister Anna Lindh, just days before the vote, had in anyway influenced the voters, knowing that Mrs Anna Lindh was a fervent ‘Yes’ campaigner, and very much in favour of the Euro. Results of this post-referendum survey show that only 7% of voters declared having made up their mind in the last days of the referendum or on the day of the referendum itself, and only 2% directly after the assassination of Mrs. Anna Lindh. Following these results we can suppose that this tragedy seems to have had very little influence on the choice of voters. When analysing the results in details, certain disparities between population groups can be observed. In the age category, we can note that an appreciable amount of the population aged 25 to 39 years (39%) only made up their mind in the final weeks of the referendum campaign or later. Among the education levels, populations with the lowest level of education seemed to have a larger share (77%) of persons having made up their minds early on during the referendum campaign than populations with the highest level of education (68%). The locality type shows that people living in metropolitan areas (64%) had a lesser tendency to make up their minds early on in the referendum campaign than those living in towns (74%) or rural areas (73%). Results by political characteristics of voters show that those close to the Social Democratic Party (35%) and to the ’Folkpartiet’ (Liberal party) (30%) had a larger share of persons making up their minds in the final weeks or days before the referendum, than persons close to other parties. On the contrary, those sympathising with the ‘Moderaterna’ party (Conservative party) and the ‘Vänsterpartiet’ (Left party) seem to have a strong majority which had a clear vision from early on, on how to vote (respectively 81% and 79%). Finally, results as to the approval of EU membership show that those disapproving Sweden’s membership to the EU are far more numerous (84%) to indicate they had made up their minds early on during the referendum campaign than those approving EU membership (66%).


Q.6 Did anyone, for example a friend, a member of your family or someone at work try to convince

you how to vote in the recent Referendum?

8%

9%7%

11%13%

8%

9%9%

12%10%8%

5%

11%6%7%

7%13%

7%

9%8%8%

4%

7%8%

8%7%

8%

6%10%

13%10%

7%6%

8%9%

10%9%

6%8%

11%8%

4%

5%14%

10%

21%8%

7%8%

7%8%

8%7%

6%

8%4%

7%9%

8%

7%8%

6%12%

8%

9%5%

5%

6%6%

7%9%

9%5%12%

6%8%

7%5%

4%

5%

5%

7%4%

5%

5%

4%4%

4%

4%

81%

81%81%

68%77%

80%89%

96%78%81%

73%78%

81%86%

77%82%

85%

86%71%79%

87%77%

81%80%

79%

84%82%

80%85%

6%

4%

6%

6%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

TOTAL

SEX-SEXE

M en /Hommes

Women/Femmes

AGE

18-24

25-39

40-54

55 & +

EDUCATION

15 & -

16-20

21 & +


Self-empl. / Indpdt

Employee / Employé




M etroples

Towns / Villes



M oderaterna

Folkpartiet

Centern

Kristdemokrat.

M iljöpartiet

Socialdemokrat.

Vänsterpartiet

None

VOTE REFERENDUM

Yes / Oui

No / Non


Approve

Disapprove

Yes, a friend Yes, a family memberYes, someone at w ork Yes, someone close to youNo, no one tried to convince you DK/NA


2.3 Influence of others

- A clear majority of voters claim no one tried to convince them on how to vote in the referendum -

Respondents were asked whether any person close to them, such as a family member or a colleague had tried to influence their choice of vote. Results show that a vast majority of 81% of respondents claim that no one tried to convince them on how to vote. Socio-demographic characteristics however show that certain groups of population indicate having been somewhat more influenced by persons close to them. These groups are mainly younger populations among which a significant amount of respondents claim that someone had tried to convince them: 32% among those aged 18 to 24 and 37% among those aged 25 to 39 years, compared to only 11% among respondents aged 55 years and older. Education levels show that those with the lowest level of education are by far the least to have been influenced by any person close to them, since 96% claim that no one tried to convince them. The categories of occupation show that the self-employed and employees were slightly more to have been influenced by others (35%) than manual workers or those without a professional activity (respectively 25% and 15%). Results in the locality type show that the proportion of people living in metropolitan areas who claim that someone had try to convince them on how to vote (36%) was somewhat higher compared to those living elsewhere. Political characteristics show that people close to the Green Party (42%) and those close to the ‘Folkpartiet’ (36%) seem to have been somewhat more open to persuasion by those with whom they were in close contact.


Q.5 Could you tell me what was the key element that led to your vote in this Referendum?

32%

33%31%

48%

33%25%

32%

38%34%

27%

26%

23%

36%36%

32%

33%29%

32%24%

31%

18%

37%35%35%

31%

23%

39%

33%29%

52%

52%53%

38%

52%61%

51%

41%51%

60%

56%

70%

47%44%

54%

52%52%

58%65%

46%

67%

53%48%

56%

49%

65%

45%

52%59%

4%

5%

5%

6%

4%

5%

6%

4%4%

4%

4%5%

5%

6%

7%

4%4%

6%

4%

4%

5%

4%

5%

7%

4%

5%

4%

4%

4%

4%

6%

4%

4%

4%4%

4%

6%

4%8%

8%

4%6%

8%

10%6%

4%

4%

8%8%

7%

7%5%

5%7%

6%

8%

5%

6%

6%

6%5%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

TOTAL

SEX-SEXE

M en /Hommes

Women/Femmes

AGE

18-24

25-39

40-54

55 & +

EDUCATION

15 & -

16-20

21 & +


Self-empl. / Indpdt

Employee / Employé




M etropolitan area/ M etroples

Towns / Villes



M oderaterna

Folkpartiet

Centern

Kristdemokrat.

M iljöpartiet

Socialdemokrat.

Vänsterpartiet

None

VOTE REFERENDUM

Yes / Oui

No / Non


Approve

Disapprove

Your opinion on the Euro Your overall opinion regarding the European UnionYour opinion of those w ho led the "YES" campaign Your opinion of those w ho led the "NO" campaign[OTHER] DK/NA


3. The opinion on the Euro and the European Union

In this third part we will try to identify which key elements led voters to make their choice in this referendum, and furthermore, how Swedish voters perceive the Euro and the European Unions’ institutions in general.

3.1 Key elements influencing voters in the referendum

- The opinion on the EU, as the main factor in this vote - Respondents were asked to indicate which was the key element that led to their vote in the referendum on the 14th of September. Total results of the Swedish voting population show that a majority of voters, at 52%, indicate that their overall opinion regarding the European Union was the main element that influenced their vote. Only 32% of voters answered that their opinion on the Euro was the decisive factor in their vote. In order to see whether the vote in the referendum is a vote against the Euro or against the European Union, we can observe the table below where the results of this question are crossed with the vote in the referendum.

TOTAL Vote in Referendum

Q. Key elements leading to the vote in this referendum

YES NO

Your opinion on the Euro 32% 23% 39%

Your overall opinion regarding the European Union

52% 65% 45%

Your opinion of those who led the YES campaign 4% 4% 4%

Your opinion of those who led the NO campaign

2% 1% 4%

None of these 3% 2% 3%

DK/NA 6% 6% 6% For both the ‘Yes’ and the ‘No’ side, we can conclude that the overall opinion on the European Union was the key element, which led to the choice of vote during this referendum on the adoption of the Euro by Sweden. As results show, 65% of voters that expressed a ‘Yes’ vote indicated having based their choice on the image that they had of the European Union. On the ‘No’ side, they are somewhat less but still in first place, with 45% to have answered similarly. Other than this, these results also confirm the idea mentioned earlier that the election campaign had very little influence on the choice of Swedes in their vote. The results by socio-demographic characteristics show one main exception to the average results of the total voting population: the youngest population category, aged 18 to 24 years, close to a majority of 48% indicating that the key element was in fact their opinion on the Euro. This rate is 16 percentage points above the total average of the Swedish population. Another observation can be made for the population category of employees, among which we can find the highest rate of persons indicating that their overall opinion regarding the EU was the key element leading to their vote (70%). This rate is 18 percentage points above the total average.


Q.8 Do you Agree or Disagree with the following statements( % of respondents)

49

39

50

39

59

80

44

32

15

22

7

11

6

6

13

1058

43

14

35

50

43

39

36Adopting the Euro w ould makethe Sw edish economy stronger

Inhabitants of the Euro zone arehappy that the Euro became

their currency

Using the Euro w ould makeSw edish people feel more

European than today

With the refusal of the adoptionof the Euro, Sw eden w ill play asmaller role w ithin the European

Union

A new referendum on theadoption of the Euro by

Sw eden should be organisedagain in tw o or three years time

Adopting the Euro w ould causediff iculties to you personally

Adopting the Euro in Sw edenw ould mean losing an important

part of Sw edish sovereignty

Adopting the Euro w ill increaseprices in Sw eden



3.2 The opinion on the Euro - Doubts on the true advantages of the Euro -

For only one of the 8 propositions tested, a majority of respondents acknowledges the fact that the refusal of the Euro could have negative consequences. For all other statements, respondents are particularly sceptical. We have hereunder compared the response rates of those who agree with those who do not agree. ‘Adopting the Euro would make the Swedish economy stronger’: The Swedish population aged 18 years and over seems to disagree more with this statement than to agree, with rates of 49% disagreeing against 36% agreeing. 15% of respondents, nevertheless, did not know or refused to give their opinion.

‘Inhabitants of the Euro zone are happy that the Euro became their currency’: For this statement Swedes seem divided since 39% tend to both agree and disagree. The rate of respondents not knowing or refusing to answer is quite logically very high, reaching 22%. ‘Using the Euro would make Swedish people feel more European than today’: Results show that one in two Swedes disagree with this statement (50%). There are, however, only 7 percentage points separating those who agree and those who disagree. Only 7% of respondents did not give an answer. ‘With the refusal of the adoption of the Euro, Sweden will play a smaller role within the European Union’: Surprisingly, a majority of Swedes tends to agree with this statement, with rates of 50% agreeing and only 39% disagreeing. This result may well show to which level Swedes were informed about the importance of the issue of this vote. Although knowing that without adopting the Euro, Sweden’s place in the EU may weaken, voters chose nevertheless to reject the common currency and face the consequences. We must however keep in mind that 11% of respondents did not know or refused to answer. ‘A new referendum on the adoption of the Euro by Sweden should be organised again in two or three years time’: A clear majority of Swedes disagrees with the idea of organising an identical referendum in the near future, since 59% of respondents indicate disagreeing with this statement against only 35% agreeing. This result shows that even among those voters, who were in favour of the Euro, a certain acceptation of defeat has emerged. In other words, Swedes are in no hurry to adopt the common currency in their country. ‘Adopting the Euro would cause difficulties to you personally’: The Swedes do not fear the Euro in the same way as has been observed in the past for other EU member states, which have adopted the Euro (populations fearing, before the introduction of the Euro, not to know how to handle the new currency). On the contrary, results show that a vast majority of Swedes, with a rate of 80%, believe that adopting the common currency would not cause any difficulties at all for them. 66 percentage points separate those who disagree with this statement from those agreeing with it. Only a mere 6% of respondents did not know or refused to answer. ‘Adopting the Euro in Sweden would mean losing an important part of Swedish sovereignty’: The Swedish population seems divided on this issue, since 43% tend to agree with this fact while 44% disagree. We must take into account the somewhat higher rate of respondents who did not know or refused to answer (13%). ‘Adopting the Euro will increase prices in Sweden’: Unlike what was mentioned earlier, the Euro does convey a certain fear among an important part of the Swedish population, namely the fear of price increases with the adoption of the Euro. Results show that 58% of respondents agree with this statement while only 32% disagree. We must nevertheless note the rather high rate of respondents not knowing or refusing to answer (10%).


Q.8b) The institutions of the European Union conjure up a good image to you(% AGREE / DISAGREE)

44%

48%

41%

40%

43%

46%

46%

35%

40%

53%

50%

51%

40%

42%

48%

45%

39%

46%

47%

44%

51%

50%

48%

39%

47%

51%

40%

39%

43%

55%

43%

45%

45%

49%

10%

15%

9%

7%

6%

15%

18%

10%

7%

11%

5%

15%

7%

11%

11%

5%

7%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

TOTAL

SEX-SEXE

M en /Hommes

Women/Femmes

AGE

18-24

25-39

40-54

55 & +

EDUCATION

15 & -

16-20

21 & +


Self-empl. / Indpdt

Employee / Employé




M etropolitan areas

Towns / Villes




3.3 The opinion on the European Union

3.3.1 The image of the European Unions’ institutions

- Swedes are divided concerning the image of the institutions of the European Union - The respondents were asked to give their opinion on certain aspects concerning the European Union. First, we will see whether Swedes agree that the institutions of the European Union conjure up a good image for them or not. Results concerning the reaction to this statement show that Swedes are somewhat divided on this issue with, nevertheless, a relative majority of 46% indicating that the EU does not conjure up a good image for them, against 44% who think it does. When observing the results by socio-demographic characteristics, we can note certain discrepancies of opinion among the different categories. Among genders, men are slightly more numerous than women to agree that they have a good image of the institutions of the European Union, with respectively 48% against 41%. The different age categories show that the older one is, the more one agrees that the institutions of the EU conjure up a good image. However, only the eldest populations seem to have a relative majority of respondents agreeing with this statement, at 46% against 39% disagreeing. In this same category, we must draw attention to the important rate of respondents who did not know or who refused to answer (15%). Among the youngest populations, a majority disagrees with this statement (51%). 11 percentage points separate those who do not have a good image of the European institutions with those who do. In the levels of education, we can note that a good image of European institutions is present among the most educated populations, where a solid majority of 53% confirm that they have a good image of EU institutions. On the contrary, rates among the lowest educated populations show that only a minority agrees with this statement, 35% against 47% disagreeing. We must however note the high rate of non-responses, rising to 18% in this category. The occupation categories show that of the self-employed and the employees, a majority has a good image of EU institutions (respectively 50% and 51%), this is not the case among manual workers, who are a majority to disagree with this statement (55%). Those without a professional activity seem undecided (42% agreeing, 43% disagreeing), and seem to have a rather high rate of non-responses equalling 15%. The locality type shows that persons living in metropolitan areas and towns tend to be divided on this issue, while those living in rural areas have a relative majority disagreeing with this statement (49%).


Q.8b) The institutions of the European Union conjure up a good image to you(% AGREE / DISAGREE)

44%

61%

61%

21%

51%

17%

50%

20%

29%

73%

23%

63%

14%

46%

32%

37%

67%

42%

78%

43%

74%

52%

23%

69%

29%

80%

10%

12%

7%

5%

7%

6%

19%

4%

9%

7%

7%

6%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

TOTAL


M oderaterna

Folkpartiet

Centern

Kristdemokrat.

M iljöpartiet

Socialdemokrat.

Vänsterpartiet

None

VOTE REFERENDUM

Yes / Oui

No / Non


Approve

Disapprove


FLASH EB N°149 «Post-referendum in Sweden » - Report p. 26 Results by political characteristics show that proximity to a specific party is decisive to whether or not people have a good image of the EU institutions. The categories, which show the highest rates of agreement, are populations close to the ‘Moderaterna’ party and to the ‘Folkpartiet’ with 61% confirming that EU institutions conjure up a good image for them. To a lesser extent, those close to the Christian-Democratic Party and to the Social-Democratic party are also a majority to indicate having a good image of EU institutions (respectively 51% and 50%). On the contrary, a vast majority of those close to the Centre party, the Left party as well as the Green party indicate that they do not have a good image of the EU institutions, with respectively 67%, 74% and 78%. This last category of population (the Green party) has a rate of 32 percentage points above the average population disagreeing with this statement. Concerning the vote in the referendum, persons having voted in favour of the Euro are also a strong majority of 73% to indicate having a good image of the EU institutions, while those who voted against the common currency are also a high number to not have a good image of the EU institutions, at 69%. This emphasizes the link between the vote to this Referendum and the general opinion Swedes have on the EU. Finally, concerning EU membership, this category shows that populations in favour secure a rate of 63% of agreement with this statement, while, on the contrary, those disapproving have a total rate of 80% disagreeing, which is 34 percentage points above the total average rate of people disagreeing (46%).


Q.8k) Too many issues are decided on by the European Union(% AGREE / DISAGREE)

59%

61%

57%

48%55%

62%63%

72%58%

55%

57%54%

65%57%

59%

56%64%

52%

53%69%

63%64%

62%

81%52%

46%

78%

49%80%

26%

26%

25%

27%30%

30%19%

13%25%

32%

32%36%

19%24%

28%

27%20%

32%20%

20%27%

21%

35%11%

16%

14%

18%

25%15%

9%17%

16%17%

13%

12%10%

16%19%

13%

17%16%

12%

15%11%

8%16%

12%

4%27%

13%

8%

16%9%

37%

15%

42%

14%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

TOTAL

SEX-SEXE

M en /Hommes

Women/Femmes

AGE

18-24

25-39

40-54

55 & +

EDUCATION

15 & -

16-20

21 & +


Self-empl. / Indpdt

Employee / Employé




M etroples

Towns / Villes



M oderaterna

Folkpartiet

Centern

Kristdemokrat.

M iljöpartiet

Socialdemokrat.

Vänsterpartiet

None

VOTE REFERENDUM

Yes / Oui

No / Non


Approve

Disapprove



3.3.2 The EU and decision-making

- In the opinion of a majority of Swedes, the EU decides on too many issues - Respondents were then asked whether they thought too many issues are decided on by the European Union. Total results show that a solid majority of the Swedish population of voting age agree with this statement, at 59% against only 26% who disagree. We must however take into consideration the rather high level of respondents who did not know or refused to answer (16%). This perhaps indirectly indicates a lack of information on the role of the EU in particular. Results by socio-demographic characteristics show a few discrepancies among the different categories: In the age category, we can note that the older the population, the more it tends to agree that too many issues are decided upon by the European Union. The rate of agreement among the youngest population equals 48%, and then rises to 63% among the eldest populations aged 55 years and above. However, the high rate of respondents who did not know or refused to answer among the youngest age category (25%) must be taken into account. The levels of education show a strong disparity between the least educated and the most educated, with a differential of 17 percentage points separating them. Indeed, 72% of those educated until the age of 15 or less, agree with the statement, while only 55% of those having studied until the age of 21 or above agree. The occupation categories show that only manual workers differentiate themselves from the total average rates, with 65% of this category tending to agree with the statement. The results by political characteristics show that populations close to the Left party (Vänsterpartiet) have a very high rate agreeing with the fact that the EU decides on too many issues, with 81%. This rate is 22 percentage points above the total average of the population agreeing with this statement, and represents by far the highest rate among all categories of population. Those with the lowest rate of agreement are populations close to the ‘Moderaterna’ party, the ‘Folkpartiet’ and also those without any political proximity, at respectively 52%, 53% and 52%. For this last category, we must draw our attention to the high rate of respondents not knowing or refusing to answer, which represents 27%. The vote in the referendum shows once again a very large difference of opinion on this issue. 46% of those having voted ‘Yes’, agree with this statement, while 78% of those who voted ‘No’ agree. This result once again proves that the choice of vote in the referendum is directly linked to the opinion of voters on the European Union. Finally, support of EU membership logically shows contrasting results between those who approve of Sweden’s membership and those who do not. Indeed, the population disapproving EU membership also tends to massively agree with the fact that the EU decides on too many issues (80%). On the other hand, only 49% of those who approve EU membership agree with this statement. For this last category, we can observe that the rate of those disagreeing with this statement represents 35%. These results reveal once again a certain negative opinion of Swedes towards the European Union. We can therefore suppose that this negative image can partly explain the result of the referendum, and re-emphasise the importance of the opinion on the EU for the choice of vote in the referendum.


Q.10 Overall, do you approve or disapprove Swedish membership in the European Union?

60%

66%

55%

58%

62%

63%

59%

45%

55%

74%

65%

75%

50%

58%

65%

62%

52%

77%

84%

50%

49%

45%

64%

41%

49%

95%

35%

32%

29%

35%

28%

35%

35%

30%

38%

37%

24%

28%

22%

45%

31%

30%

32%

36%

13%

47%

52%

29%

39%

7%

5%

10%

15%

11%

18%

8%

7%

4%

5%

11%

5%

6%

12%

4%

8%

13%

7%

22%

48%

57%

3%

58%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

TOTAL

SEX-SEXE

M en /Hommes

Women/Femmes

AGE

18-24

25-39

40-54

55 & +

EDUCATION

15 & -

16-20

21 & +


Self-empl. / Indpdt

Employee / Employé




M etroples

Towns / Villes



M oderaterna

Folkpartiet

Centern

Kristdemokrat.

M iljöpartiet

Socialdemokrat.

Vänsterpartiet

None

VOTE REFERENDUM

Yes / Oui

No / Non

Approve Disapprove DK/NA


3.3.3 Overall approval of Swedish membership in the European Union

- However a clear majority of Swedes approve their country’s membership in the EU - When asked how they would rate the approval of the Swedish membership in the EU, a clear majority of respondents confirm their approval of it, with a rate of 60%. Those disapproving, make up only 32%, while 7% did not know or refused to answer. These results show that although the Swedish population seems to have a rather negative image of the European Union, this does not seem to put Sweden’s membership in this Union into question in any way. When studying the socio-demographic characteristics, we can note disparities between several population groups. In the gender category, we can observe that men seem to approve Swedish membership in the EU at a much higher rate than women, with 66% against only 55% among women. The levels of education seem to show the strongest disparities. While only 45% of the least educated populations indicate approving Sweden’s membership in the EU, 74% of those with the highest level of education answer in a similar way. 29 percentage points separate these two categories. Furthermore, the approval rate among the most educated is 14 percentage points above the total average. The categories of occupation show by far that employees approve Swedish EU membership the most, with a rate of 75%. This population is followed by the self-employed, who have a rate of 65% approving this membership. On the contrary, we can say that manual workers (50%) and those without a professional activity (58%) are far less enthusiastic about this membership. The locality type shows that populations living in metropolitan areas (65%) approve of the Swedish membership at a higher rate than those living in rural areas (52%), with a difference of 13 percentage points. The political characteristics show that the most fervent supporters of Swedish EU membership are populations close to the ‘Moderaterna’ party and the ‘Folkpartiet’, with respectively 77% and 84%. This last result is 24 percentage points above the total average. Populations least approving this membership are those close to the Left party (41%) and the Green party (45%). In fact, in these two population groups, a majority disapproves of Sweden’s membership, with respectively 57% and 52%. Finally, the vote results in the referendum show that those who voted ‘Yes’, massively approve Swedish EU membership with 95% confirming this. On the other hand, only 35% of those who voted ‘No’ approve this membership.


Q.11 In the end, would you say that you are very satisfied, rather satisfied, rather unsatisfied or not satisfied at all w ith the final result of the Referendum on the adoption of

the Euro?(Total % 'Satisfied' 'Unsatisfied')

65%

62%68%

72%66%

58%65%

72%71%

54%

55%50%

74%71%

55%66%

74%

46%44%

85%75%77%

66%92%

57%

20%95%

50%92%

31%

36%28%

28%29%

40%30%

20%26%

42%

41%47%

23%25%

40%31%

23%

54%13%

15%32%

24%

47%7%

4%

5%

5%

6%

8%

4%

4%5%

5%

8%

18%

52%

24%

7%

78%4%

4%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

TOTAL

SEX-SEXE

M en /Hommes

Women/Femmes

AGE

18-24

25-39

40-54

55 & +

EDUCATION

15 & -

16-20

21 & +


Self-empl. / Indpdt

Employee / Employé




M etroples

Towns / Villes



M oderaterna

Folkpartiet

Centern

Kristdemokrat.

M iljöpartiet

Socialdemokrat.

Vänsterpartiet

None

VOTE REFERENDUM

Yes / Oui

No / Non


Approve

Disapprove

Satisf ied Unsatisf ied DK/NA


4. The future of the Euro in Sweden

In this final part, we will look at the future perspectives of the Euro in Sweden after the recent rejection of its adoption in this country. First, we will analyse the satisfaction rate of Swedes with the outcome of this referendum. Then, we will see whether Swedes believe their country will one day join the European Monetary Union, and if so, when this might happen.

4.1 Satisfaction with the final result of the referendum

- Even certain voters having voted in favour of the adoption of the Euro are satisfied with the final result of the referendum -

When asked to rate their level of satisfaction with the outcome of the referendum, results show that a large majority of the Swedish voting population is satisfied with the final result and the rejection of the Euro, at 65%, against only 31% of those who indicate being unsatisfied. This rate of satisfaction is rather high if we compare it to the final result of the referendum where approximately 56% of voters voted against the Euro. When crossing the rate of populations who voted ‘Yes’ in the referendum with their rate of satisfaction with the final result of the referendum, we notice that although a clear majority (78%) of this category of population indicates being unsatisfied with the final result, 20%, nevertheless, indicate being satisfied with the outcome of the referendum. When analysing results by socio-demographic characteristics, certain discrepancies appear. Women (68%) seem slightly more satisfied than men (62%), with a difference of 6 percentage points. The age category shows that the youngest populations are the most satisfied with the outcome of the referendum, with a satisfaction rate of 72%, while those aged 40 to 54 years have the lowest rate of satisfaction, with only 58%. The levels of education show that the most highly educated have a far lower rate of satisfaction (54%) with the final results of the referendum than respondents in the lesser-educated categories (up to 72%). As a matter of fact, up to 18 percentage points separate these categories. The occupation categories show that manual workers are the most satisfied with the final result (74%) followed by those without a professional occupation (71%), while the self-employed and the employees show lower rates of satisfaction (respectively 55% and 50%). This last category of population also has the highest rate of persons unsatisfied with the final result of the referendum, at 47%. The results by locality type show that the rate of satisfaction with the final result is much higher in rural areas than in the metropolitan areas, at 74% against 55%. The analysis of political characteristics shows that a majority of those close to the ‘Moderaterna’ party and the ‘Folkpartiet’ are unsatisfied with the final result of the referendum, with respectively 52% and 54%. On the contrary, populations close to all other parties are a majority to be satisfied with the final result, among which people close to the Left party (92%) and the Centre party (85%) who represent a vast majority. The result of persons close to the Left party is 27 percentage points above the total average of the population satisfied. A remark can be made for populations without any particular political proximity, who seem to have a relatively high rate of persons satisfied with the final results (57%) Finally, results according to the approval of EU membership show that populations approving Sweden’s membership are somewhat divided as to the satisfaction of the final result, since 50% indicate being satisfied and 47% unsatisfied. As for the result of those disapproving EU membership, the rate of satisfaction represents a vast majority totalling 92%.


Q.9 Would you say that Sweden would end up adopting the Euro in replacement of the Swedish Krona?

6%

4%

4%

4%

6%

5%

30%

28%32%

25%

34%

26%30%

28%

31%

24%33%

26%

28%

35%28%

27%

35%

34%25%

20%31%

18%22%

40%20%

35%20%

36%

36%36%

31%

39%

39%

33%

43%

37%40%

38%

37%40%

28%

34%

39%40%

27%

31%40%

41%27%

39%37%

41%30%

18%

21%

13%

23%

13%

26%15%

20%

13%

17%16%

14%19%

16%

11%23%

14%23%

8%

7%10%

13%

7%

9%8%

11%

8%

7%

5%

8%

11%

8%9%

7%

6%

5%5%

16%

24%5%

11%20%

13%

19%

5%

5%6%

6%

7%

6%

5%

4%

5%

4%

8%

5%9%

5%

14%11%

11%

5%

6%

8%

8%

34%

16%

29%

34%

34%

22%

23%

19%

14%

19%

17%

27%16%

16%

23%

9%

13%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

TOTAL

SEX-SEXE

M en /Hommes

Women/Femmes

AGE

18-24

25-39

40-54

55 & +

EDUCATION

15 & -

16-20

21 & +


Self-empl. / Indpdt

Employee / Employé




M etropolitan areas/ M etroples

Towns / Villes



M oderaterna

Folkpartiet

Centern

Kristdemokrat.

M iljöpartiet

Socialdemokrat.

Vänsterpartiet

None

VOTE REFERENDUM

Yes / Oui

No / Non


Approve

Disapprove

Yes, in less than 3 years Yes, in three to six years Yes, in seven to ten years

Yes, but in more than 10 years No, never DK/NA


4.2 Will Sweden end up adopting the Euro? - A vast majority of Swedes convinced that Sweden will inevitably end up adopting the Euro - When asked whether they thought that Sweden would end up adopting the Euro in replacement of the Swedish Krona, respondents clearly indicate that this is going to happen one day or another. This fate is expressed by 87% of the total voting population in Sweden. Those convinced that the Euro will never replace the Krona, represent a mere 8% of the population. However, large disparities exist among the population to determine when this adoption will happen. Only a small minority, representing 3%, believes that the Euro will replace the Swedish Krona in less than three years time. 30% indicate that the Euro will be adopted in three to six years, while 36%, the relative majority, believe this will happen in seven to ten years time. Finally, 18% of the voting population believe that it will take more than ten years. The remaining 5% of respondents did not know or refused to answer. When observing the results by socio-demographic characteristics, several categories differentiate themselves by their high rate of responses indicating the probability of seeing the adoption of the Euro taking place in Sweden within the next 10 years. These categories are:

- populations aged 25 to 39 years (74%) - populations with the highest education (77%) - employees (75%) - populations living in metropolitan areas (76%) - populations close to the ‘Moderaterna’ party and to the ’Folkpartiet’ and to the Social

democratic party (respectively 72% , 77% and 74%) - populations having voted ‘Yes’ in the referendum (85%) - populations approving the EU membership of Sweden (81%)

On the contrary, those who are least convinced of Euro adoption happening in the following 10 years are:

- populations living in rural areas (57%) - populations close to the Christian democratic party and the Green party (both at 51%) - populations without any political proximity (51%) - populations having voted ‘No’ in the referendum (58%) - populations disapproving Sweden’s EU membership (51%)

Finally we can note that the only categories of population to significantly believe that the Euro will never replace the Swedish Krona are people close to the Green party with a rate of 24%, as well as those without any political proximity, at 20%.


CONCLUSION

The results of this post-referendum survey have allowed us to further analyse the possible reasons, which have led to the victory of the ‘No’ vote during the Swedish referendum of September 14th 2003. First of all, by analysing the levels of participation, we have noticed that all categories of the Swedish population of voting age, demonstrated similar turnout rates, with the exception of the youngest populations who tended to participate at a notably lower rate. Furthermore, we can conclude that the issue of the referendum interested a vast majority of voters throughout all population categories, which can explain the very high turnout level. As to the information voters had on the topic of vote, we can conclude that there was indeed no lack of information whatsoever, which points towards the fact that the choice of vote was well thought out. Once again, the only main exception may concern the youngest population that indicates having been somewhat less informed. Of those who did not vote, their abstention seems to be due primarily to circumstances on the day of the vote. However, we can also note the importance of the general lack of interest in politics as another main reason. Then, when analysing the different population categories and their vote in the referendum, we can conclude that the most fervent ‘No’ voters were populations disapproving of Sweden’s EU membership, populations close to the Left party and the Green party, populations living in rural zones, manual workers, the least educated populations, those aged 25 to 39 years and women. We have also been able to conclude that the vast majority of voters had already made their choice of vote far before the day of the referendum, a result, which tends to show that the election campaign had but little influence on the opinions of the Swedish population and that Swedes had well thought out their choice of vote beforehand. As for the possible influence the assassination of Foreign Minister Anna Lindh may have had on the choice of vote in the final days of the referendum, results show that only a small minority of Swedes admit having chosen how to vote after this tragedy. One of the key findings of this study lies in the fact that the opinion of voters on the European Union was the main factor influencing their choice of vote, and not the opinion on the Euro, which comes in second place. This result may lead us to believe that the ‘No’ vote in the referendum was not a vote against the common currency, but more specifically a vote against the European Union in general. When analysing the opinion of Swedes on the Euro, we can conclude that strong doubts remain as to the true advantages of this common currency. However, we have also noted that if Swedes fear the Euro, it is not because of the fear of not knowing how to live with it on a daily basis, but more the fear of price increases in their country. As for the opinion on the European Union, Swedish voters seem divided as to the image they conjure up. Most voters, however, agree that the EU decides on too many issues. Nevertheless, a clear majority of respondents in this survey indicate that they approve of Sweden’s membership in the European Union. In the final chapter of this report, we focused on the satisfaction of the referendum results and the future of the Euro in Sweden. A majority of voters suggests that they are satisfied with the rejection of the common currency. We have noted that even among those who voted in favour of the Euro, a significant share of this population admits being satisfied with the outcome of the vote. Finally, as to the question whether Sweden will ever end up adopting the Euro in replacement of the Swedish Krona, results show that a strong majority of Swedes is convinced that their country will inevitably end up doing so. However, respondents seem divided as to the timeframe in which this change will take place, although most of them indicate that Sweden will adopt the Euro within the next 10 years.

TECHNICAL NOTE

Conduction of this survey This telephone survey FLASH EUROBAROMETER 149 “Post-referendum in Sweden” has been conducted for the ‘Press’ General Directorate of the European Commission. It is a SPECIFIC TARGET FLASH EUROBAROMETER SURVEY, organised and managed by the PRESS General Directorate, Unit B/1. The interviews were conducted on the 23/09/2003 and the 24/09/2003 by the EOS GALLUP EUROPE Institute in Sweden:

TNS SVENSKA GALLUP (Interviews : 23/09/2003 – 24/09/2003) Sweden

Representativity of the results The national sample is representative of the population aged 18 years and above (Specific Target: Persons of voting age)

Sizes of the sample The sample size amounts to approximately 1000 respondents. A weighting factor has been applied on the national result in order to represent the national population of Sweden, the turnout and the vote in the referendum.

Questionnaires

1. The questionnaire prepared for this survey is reproduced at the end of this results volume, in English (see hereafter).

2. The translation has been carried out in the national language by the Institute listed above. 3. One copy of the national questionnaire is annexed to the Data Table results volume.

TNS Sofres SA – Coordination EOS Gallup Europe FLASH EB 149 (09/2003)

Tables of results

The VOLUME C 1 presents the results with the following personal characteristics of respondents as breakdowns : Sex (Men, Women) Age (18-24, 25-39, 40-54, 55 +) Education (15&-, 16-20, 21&+) Occupation Locality type The VOLUME C 2 presents the results with the following personal characteristics of respondents as breakdowns : Political proximity Vote in the Referendum Swedish membership in the EU

Statistical significance of the results The results in a survey are valid only between the limits of a statistical margin caused by the sampling process. This margin varies with three factors :

1. The sample size (or the size of the analysed part in the sample) : the greater the number of respondents is, the smaller the statistical margin will be;

2. The result in itself : the closer the result approaches 50%, the wider the statistical margin will be ;

3. The desired degree of confidence : the more "strict" we are, the wider the statistical margin will be.

As an example, examine this illustrative case :

1. One question has been answered by 500 people ; 2. The analysed result is around 50% ; 3. We choose a significance level of 95 % (it is the level most often used by the statisticians,

and it is the one chosen for the Table hereafter); In this illustrative case the statistical margin is : (+/- 4.4%) around the observed 50%. And as a conclusion : the result for the whole population lies between 45.6% and 54.4 %. In the next page we’ve reproduced the statistical margins computed for various observed results, on various sample sizes, at the 95% significance level.


STATISTICAL MARGINS DUE TO THE SAMPLING PROCESS

(AT THE 95 % LEVEL OF CONFIDENCE) Various sample sizes are in rows ; Various observed results are in columns :

5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50% N=50 6.0 8.3 9.9 11.1 12.0 12.7 13.2 13.6 13.8 13.9 N=500 N=500 1.9 2.6 3.1 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4 N=1000 N=1000 1.4 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 N=1000 N=1500 1.1 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 N=1500 N=2000 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 N=2000 N=3000 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 N=3000 N=4000 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 N=4000 N=5000 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 N=5000 N=6000 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 N=6000 N=7000 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 N=7000 N=7500 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 N=7500 N=8000 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 N=8000 N=9000 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 N=9000 N=10000 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 N=10000 N=11000 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 N=11000 N=12000 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 N=12000 N=13000 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 N=13000 N=14000 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 N=14000 N=15000 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 N=15000 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50%


QUESTIONNAIRES

Flash Eurobarometer 149 “Post-referendum in Sweden”

English version

Socio-demographics D1. Sex [1 ] Male [2 ] Female D2. Exact Age: [_][_] Years old [ 0 0 ] [REFUSAL/NO ANSWER] D 3. Age when finished full time education : [EXACT AGE IN 2 DIGITS] [_][_] years old [ 0 0 ] [REFUSAL/ NO ANSWER] [ 0 1 ] [NEVER BEEN IN FULL TIME EDUCATION] [ 9 9 ] [STILL IN FULL TIME EDUCATION] D4. As far as your current occupation is concerned, would you say you are self-employed, an employee, a

manual worker or would you say that you are without a professional activity ? [READ OUT LEFT ITEMS - THEN ASK TO SPECIFY (“that is to say”) - ONLY ONE ANSWER]

- Self-employed

i.e. : - farmer, forester, fisherman.............................................................. 11 - owner of a shop, craftsman............................................................. 12 - professional (lawyer, medical practitioner, accountant, architect,…)13 - manager of a company ................................................................... 14 - other (SPECIFY) ............................................................................ 15

- Employee i.e. : - professional (employed doctor, lawyer, accountant, architect) ....... 21

- general management, director or top management........................ 22 - middle management, ...................................................................... 23 - civil servant ..................................................................................... 24 - office clerk....................................................................................... 25 - other employee (salesman, nurse, etc…) ....................................... 26 - other (SPECIFY) ............................................................................. 27 - Manual worker i.e. : - supervisor / foreman (team manager, etc …) ................................. 31 - manual worker .......................................................................... 32 - unskilled manual worker ................................................................. 33 - other (SPECIFY) .......................................................................... 34 - Without a professional activity i.e. : - looking after the home .................................................................... 41 - student (full time) ............................................................................ 42 - retired ............................................................................................. 43 - seeking a job................................................................................... 44 - other (SPECIFY) ............................................................................. 45

- (Refusal) ..................................................................................................................... 99 D5. Region = "European Administrative Regional Unit" (N.U.T.S. 1) [2 DIGITS] D6. Type of Locality? - metropolitan zone ..........................................................................................................1 - other town/urban centre.................................................................................................2

- rural zone .................................................................................................................... 3 D7. ‘Party Proximity’ : To which of the following parties do you feel the closest to or the least furthest from? List to be provided by Svenska Gallup

I. Participation in the Referendum

Q1. On the 14th of September last, a Referendum was held on the adoption of the Euro by Sweden. Did you vote in the Referendum on the Euro?

[READ OUT]

- Yes, you voted ......................................... 1 - No, you did not vote................................. 2

II. Reasons for not taking part in the Referendum

IF DID NOT VOTE IN Q1

Q2. Which of the following statements comes closest to your reason for not voting in the Referendum on the adoption of the Euro by Sweden?

[READ OUT – ROTATE – ONLY ONE ANSWER POSSIBLE]

- You really intended to vote but circumstances on the day prevented you ........................................................ 1 - You are just not interested in politics....................................... 2 - You are not interested in this Euro related matter................... 3 - You found it hard to understand this Euro matter.................... 4 - There was no point in voting because there is no real democracy in Sweden ......................................................5 - There was no point in voting because it was obvious that the “No” would be chosen anyway ..........................................6 - [OTHER – Specify] ..................................................................7 - [DK/NA] ....................................................................................8

III. Recall of vote at the referendum

IF VOTED IN Q1 Q3. How did you vote in that Referendum? Did vote “Yes” in favour of the

adoption of the Euro by Sweden or “No” against it? [READ OUT]

- You voted “YES”......................................................... 1 - You voted “NO” .......................................................... 2 - [Voted “Blank or null” - SPONTANOUS] .................... 3 - [DK/NA] .......................................................... 4

IV. The moment of choice

IF VOTED IN Q1 Q4. Can you tell me roughly when did you make up your mind how you

would vote in the Referendum on the adoption of the Euro by Sweden? [READ OUT – ONLY ONE ANSWER POSSIBLE]

- At the time Referendum was announced .............................1 - Fairly early on during the Referendum campaign ................2 - In the final weeks of the campaign.......................................3 - Few days before the death of Mrs Anna Lindh, late Minister of Foreign Affairs..............................................4 - After the death of Mrs Anna Lindh, late Minister of Foreign Affairs ..................................................................5 - On the day of the Referendum itself.....................................6 - [DK/NA].................................................................................7

V. The key element when voting

IF VOTED IN Q1 Q5. Could you tell me what was the key element that led to your vote in this

Referendum? [READ OUT – ROTATE PER BLOCK OF TWO ITEMS – ONLY ONE ANSWER POSSIBLE]

- Your opinion on the Euro................................................................1 - Your overall opinion regarding the European Union ......................2 - Your opinion of those who led the “YES” campaign ......................3 - Your opinion of those who led the “NO” campaign ........................4 - [NONE OF THESE BUT THIS ONE – SPECIFY] ..........................5 - [DK/NA] ..............................................................................6

VI. The influence of others TO ALL

Q6. Did anyone, for example, a friend, a member of your family or someone

at work, try to convince you how to vote in the recent Referendum? [READ OUT – SEVERAL ANSWERS POSSIBLE]

a) Yes, a friend...................................................................... 1 b) Yes, a family member ....................................................... 1 c) Yes, someone at work ...................................................... 1 d) Yes, someone close to you............................................... 1 e) No, no one tried to convince you ...................................... 1 f) [DK/NA] ............................................................................. 1

VII. The interest in the Referendum

Q7. How interested were you in the Referendum on the adoption of the Euro

by Sweden that was held on September 14th? [READ OUT – ONLY ONE ANSWER POSSIBLE]

Very interested.............................................. 1 Rather interested .......................................... 2 Rather not interested .................................... 3 Not interested at all ....................................... 4 [DK/NA] ......................................................... 5 VIII. Opinion on the Euro

Q8. I am going to read you a list of statements. For each of them, please tell

me if you totally agree, rather agree, rather disagree, or totally disagree with it. [READ OUT – ROTATE LINES – ONLY ONE ANSWER POSSIBLE PER LINE]

Totally agree ................................................. 1 Rather agree ................................................. 2 Rather disagree ............................................ 3 Totally disagree............................................. 4 [DK/NA] ......................................................... 5

a) Before voting in the Referendum, you had all necessary information in order to make

a choice b) The Institutions of the European Union conjure up a good image to you c) Adopting the Euro would make Swedish economy stronger d) Inhabitants of the Euro zone are happy that the Euro became their currency e) Using the Euro would make Swedish people feel more Europeans than today f) With the refusal of the adoption of the Euro, Sweden will play a smaller role within the

European Union g) A new referendum on the adoption of the Euro by Sweden should be organised again

in two or three years time h) Adopting the Euro would cause difficulties to you personally i) Adopting the Euro in Sweden would mean loosing an important part of Swedish

sovereignty j) Adopting the Euro will increase prices in Sweden k) Too many issues are decided on by the European Union

IX. The future of the Euro in Sweden

Q9. Would you say that Sweden would end up adopting the Euro in

replacement of [NATIONAL CURRENCY]? [READ OUT – ONLY ONE ANSWER POSSIBLE]

Yes, in less than three years ........................ 1 Yes, in three to six years............................... 2 Yes, in seven to ten years............................. 3 Yes, but in more than ten years.................... 4 No, never....................................................... 5

[DK/NA] ......................................................... 6

X. The perception of Swedish membership in the European Union

Q10. Overall, do you approve or disapprove Swedish membership in the

European Union? [READ OUT – ONLY ONE ANSWER POSSIBLE]

Totally approve................................. 1 Rather approve ................................ 2 Rather disapprove............................ 3 Totally disapprove ............................ 4 [DK/NA] ............................................ 5 XI. Satisfaction with the final result

Q11. In the end, would you say that you are very satisfied, rather satisfied,

rather unsatisfied or not satisfied at all with the final result of the Referendum on the adoption of the Euro? [READ OUT – ONLY ONE ANSWER POSSIBLE]

Very satisfied.................................... 1 Rather satisfied ................................ 2 Rather unsatisfied ............................ 3 Not satisfied at all ............................. 4 [DK/NA] ............................................ 5

Flash Eurobarometer 149 “Post-referendum in Sweden”

Swedish version

Bakgrundsfrågor D1. Kön [ 1 ] man [ 2 ] kvinna D2. Exakt ålder:[_][_] år [ 0 0 ] [VÄGRAR SVARA/INGET SVAR] D3. Ålder vid avslutade heltidsstudier: [EXAKT ÅLDER 2 SIFFROR] [_][_] år [ 0 0 ] [INGET SVAR] [ 0 1 ] [HAR ALDRIG STUDERAT PÅ HELTID] [ 9 9 ] [STUDERAR FORTFARANDE PÅ HELTID] D4. Vad beträffar din nuvarande sysselsättning, skulle man kunna säga att du är egenföretagare,

tjänsteman, arbetare eller att du inte är förvärvsarbetande?

[LÄS PUNKTERNA TILL VÄNSTER – BE SEDAN RESPONDENTEN PRECISERA (”det vill säga”) - ENDAST ETT SVARSALTERNATIV ÄR MÖJLIGT]

I. - Egenföretagare

det vill säga: - lantbrukare, skogsarbetare, fiskare ......................................... 11 - butiksägare, hantverkare .......................................................... 12

- privatpraktiserande (advokat, läkare, revisor, arkitekt etc. …) . 13 - företagsledare........................................................................... 14

- annan (vad) .............................................................................. 15

- Tjänsteman det vill säga: - anställd läkare, advokat, revisor, arkitekt eller liknande .......... 21 - företagsledare, direktör, högre chef.......................................... 22 - mellanchef ................................................................................ 23 statstjänsteman……………………………………………………..24 - kontorist .................................................................................... 25 - försäljare, sjuksköterska etc. …................................................ 26 - annan (vad) .............................................................................. 27

- Arbetare

det vill säga: - arbetsledare/förman ................................................................ 31 - arbetare med speciallistutbildning, ex. elektriker...................... 32 - arbetare utan speciallistutbildning, ......................................... 33 - annan (vad) .............................................................................. 34

- Ej förvärvsarbetande det vill säga: - tar hand om hemmet ............................................................... 41 - heltidsstuderande ..................................................................... 42 - pensionerad.............................................................................. 43 - arbetssökande .......................................................................... 44 - annat (vad) ............................................................................... 45 - (Vägrar svara)....................................................................................................................... 99 D5. Region = "European Administrative Regional Unit" (N.U.T.S. 1) [2 SIFFROR]

D6. Ortstorlek

- Stockholm, Göteborg eller Malmö…………………………………………………….1 - i en ort med fler än 3000 invånare…………………………………………………….2 - eller i en ort med färre än 3000 invånare.....................................................................3

D7. Vilket av följande partier känner du ligger närmast dig eller minst långt ifrån? [LÄS UPP – ENDAST ETT SVAR MÖJLIGT]

1 Moderaterna 2 Folkpartiet 3 Centern 4 Kristdemokraterna 5 Miljöpartiet 6 Socialdemokraterna 7 Vänsterpartiet 8 [Annat parti , SPECIFICERA] 9 [Inget parti] 10 [VET EJ /INGET SVAR]

II. Deltagande i folkomröstningen

Q1. Den 14 september hölls en folkomröstning om införandet av Euro i Sverige. Röstade du i folkomröstningen om Euron?

[LÄS UPP]

- Ja, du röstade - Nej, du röstade inte

III. Anledningar till att man inte deltog i folkomröstningen

OM ”NEJ, DU RÖSTADE INTE” PÅ Q1

Q2. Vilket av följande påståenden tycker du bäst beskriver anledningen till varför du inte röstade i folkomröstningen om införandet av Euro i Sverige?

[LLÄS UPP –SLUMPA ORDNINGEN PÅ ALTERNATIVEN – ENDAST ETT SVAR MÖJLIGT]

- Du tänkte verkligen gå och rösta, men händelser under dagen

förhindrade dig - Du är helt enkelt inte intresserad av politik - Du är inte intresserad av Eurorelaterade frågor - Du tyckte att det var svårt att förstå Eurorelaterade frågor - Det var ingen idé att rösta för det finns ändå ingen riktig

demokrati i Sverige - Det var ingen idé att rösta för det var uppenbart att ”Nej-sidan”

ändå skulle segra - [ANNAT – Specificera] - [VET EJ/INGET SVAR]

IV. Hur man röstade i folkomröstningen

OM “JA, DU RÖSTADE” PÅ Q1 Q3. Hur röstade du i folkomröstningen? Röstade du ”ja”, för ett införande

av Euro i Sverige, eller röstade du ”nej”, mot ett införande? [LÄS UPP]

- Du röstade “JA” - Du röstade “NEJ” - [Röstade “blankt” - SPONTANT] - [VET EJ/INGET SVAR]

V. När man bestämde sig

OM “JA, JAG RÖSTADE” PÅ Q1 Q4. Kan du tala om för mig ungefär när du bestämde dig för hur du skulle

rösta i folkomröstningen om införandet av Euro i Sverige? [LÄS UPP – ENDAST ETT SVAR MÖJLIGT]

- När folkomröstningen annonserades - Ganska tidigt under folkomröstningskampanjen - Under de sista veckorna av kampanjen - Några dagar innan utrikesminister Anna Lindhs död - Efter utrikesminister Anna Lindhs död - På folkomröstningens valdag - [VET EJ / INGET SVAR]

VI. Huvudsakliga anledningarna vid valet

OM “JA, JAG RÖSTADE” PÅ Q1 Q5. Kan du tala om för mig vilken huvudfaktor som styrde ditt röstbeslut i

den här folkomröstningen? [LÄS UPP – ROTERA BLOCK OM TVÅ SVARSALTERNATIV – ENDAST ETT SVAR MÖJLIGT]

- Din åsikt om Euron - Din övergripande åsikt om Europeiska Unionen - Din åsikt om dem som drev ”Ja-kampanjen” - Din åsikt om dem som drev “Nej-kampanjen” - [INGET AV DESSA, UTAN DETTA - SPECIFICERA] - [VET EJ / INGET SVAR]

VII. Andras påverkan TILL ALLA

Q6. Försökte någon, t ex en vän, en familjemedlem, eller någon på jobbet

övertala dig om hur du skulle rösta i den just genomförda folkomröstningen? [LÄS UPP – FLERA SVAR MÖJLIGA]

- Ja, en vän - Ja, en familjemedlem - Ja, någon på jobbet - Ja, någon som står dig nära - Nej, ingen försökte övertala dig - [VET EJ / INGET SVAR]

VIII. Intresset för folkomröstningen

Q7. Hur intresserad var du av folkomröstningen om införandet av Euro I

Sverige som hölls den 14 september? [LÄS UPP ENDAST ETT SVAR MÖJLIGT]

- Mycket intresserad - Ganska intresserad - Inte särskilt intresserad - Inte alls intresserad - [VET EJ / INGET SVAR]

IX. Åsikt om Euron

Q8. Jag kommer att läsa upp en lista med påståenden. Kan du för vart och

ett av dessa tala om för mig om du instämmer helt, instämmer i huvudsak, inte instämmer särskilt mycket, eller om du inte instämmer alls med det. [LÄS UPP – SLUMPA ORDNINGEN PÅ PÅSTÅENDENA – ENDAST ETT SVAR PÅ PÅSTÅENDE]

- Instämmer helt - Instämmer i huvudsak - Instämmer inte särskilt mycket - Instämmer inte alls - [DK/NA]

- Före du röstade i folkomröstningen hade du all nödvändig

information du behövde för att kunna ta ett beslut - Du har en positiv bild av Europeiska Unionens institutioner - Ett införande av Euro skulle göra Sveriges ekonomi starkare - Invånarna inom Euro-zonen är glada att Euron har blivit deras

valuta - Att använda Euro skulle göra att svenska folket kände sig mer

som européer än idag - Med ett nej till införandet av Euron kommer Sverige att spela en

mindre roll inom den Europeiska Unionen - En ny folkomröstning om införandet av Euron borde organiseras

igen inom två eller tre års tid - Införandet av Euro skulle skapa svårigheter för dig personligen - Införandet av Euro i Sverige skulle innebära att en viktig del av

den svenska suveräniteten går förlorad - Ett införande av Euro kommer öka priserna i Sverige - För många frågor beslutas av den Europeiska Unionen

X. Eurons framtid i Sverige

Q9. Tror du att Sverige i slutändan kommer att införa Euro i utbyte mot

kronan? [LÄS UPP – ENDAST ETT SVAR MÖJLIGT]

- Ja, inom mindre än tre år - Ja, inom tre till sex år - Ja, inom sju till tio år - Ja, men efter mer än tio år - Nej, aldrig - [VET EJ / INGET SVAR]

XI. Uppfattningen om ett svenskt medlemskap i Europeiska Unionen

Q10. Skulle du övergripande säga att du samtycker eller inte samtycker till

det svenska medlemskapet i Europeiska Unionen? [LÄS UPP - ENDAST ETT SVAR MÖJLIGT]

- Samtycker helt - Samtycker huvudsakligen - Samtycker inte särskilt mycket - Samtycker inte alls - [VET EJ /INGET SVAR]

XII. Nöjdhet med slutresultatet

Q11. Skulle du till slut säga att du är mycket nöjd, ganska nöjd, ganska

missnöjd eller helt missnöjd med slutresultatet av folkomröstningen om ett införande av Euro? [LÄS UPP – ENDAST ETT SVAR MÖJLIGT]

- Mycket nöjd - Ganska nöjd - Ganska missnöjd - Helt missnöjd - [VET EJ / INGET SVAR]

Post-referendum in Sweden - European Commission · FLASH EB N°149 «Post-referendum in Sweden » - Report p. 2 PRESENTATION A nationwide referendum on the adoption of the Euro was

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