Post Harvest Technologies to Increase Farmers Income Dr. R.T. Patil Former Director, CIPHET, Ludhiana Chairman, Benevole Welfare Society for Post Harvest Technology, Bhopal
Post Harvest Technologies to
Increase Farmers Income
Dr. R.T. Patil
Former Director, CIPHET, Ludhiana
Chairman, Benevole Welfare Society for Post
Harvest Technology, Bhopal
Contributions and Condition of
Small Holder Farmers
• Globally the smallholders manage
approximately 500 million small farms,
support 2.5 billion people and provide over 80
percent of the food consumed in many parts
of the developing world
• Despite their importance in food production,
smallholder farmers are among the poorest
and most food-insecure people in the world.
Climate Change Effect on Post
Harvest Losses
•Untimely rain after harvest
•Harvesting at Improper Maturity
•Spoilage of perishables due to absence
of cold chain
•Glut in the market and problem of
immediate disposal
Production & Post Harvest Scenario
• Agriculture contributes about 14.5% of GDP,employees 52% workforce and sustainsapprox over 60% of the population
• India ranks second in world in production offruits and vegetables
• Post harvest losses are 3-18% amounting toRs. 90000 crores
• Low level of processing of fruits andvegetables at only 3.5% .
• Food processing is employment intensive,creates 1.8 jobs directly and 6.4 indirectly forevery Rs. 10 lakh investment
What is Post Harvest
Technology
Post Harvest Management
Proper Handling and Storage
Value Added Processing
Developing Novel and Ready to
Cook/Ready to Eat foods
Method of Determining Maturity of
Mango in Tree• Eating quality and postharvest shelf life
of ripe mango depends on its maturity at harvest
• Change of peel color and total soluble solids (TSS) are indicative parameters to measure maturity of mango.
• A maturity index was defined based onTSS and colour values.
• The model was developed to predictmaturity using colourimeter
• Colour and maturity index chart werealso developed to determine maturity
• This technique can be employed tosort the mangoes at export port, bigmandies and in processing plant.
Capacity
About 100 mangoes per hour
Fruit Saving Gadgets
After plucking
from tree, fruit is
thrown in the
trough of fruit
saver and
collected in a
box/container.
The fruits are graded on size basis at
appropriate places. Smallest grade fruit is
collected first and largest grade is collected in
last
Banana-Comb (Hand) Cutter
It is an useful to de-stem the comb from the banana bunch. It
replaces the use of sickle, which was much labor and time
consuming.
It is safe for human and banana hands and can be used for faster
work. 100 to 120 banana bunches can be de-handed per hour.
Saves 10 to 15 banana-fingers per bunch (i. e. 2 to 8 % reduction
in cutting losses of banana fruits)
CIPHET Tomato Grader• The tomatoes roll down the pipes
due to gravity and fall immediatelywherever they find the space of theirdiameter.
• Grades 3: 25-40 mm, 40-55 mm, 55-70 mm and > 70 mm
• The collector is inclined at 10° sothat the tomatoes slide directly incrates.
• The important feature of grader is itsability to adjust the gap between thepipes and inclination of grading tableand hopper.
• It can also be used for other roundfruits and vegetables.
Capacity: of 325 kg/hr
Overall grading efficiency: 66%.
Cost: Rs.25000.00
Evaporatively Cooled Room for Storage of Fruits and Vegetables
Compared on the basis of 10%
physiological loss in weight (PLW) the
shelf life inside the room was 34 days
for early kinnow, 23 days for late
kinnow, 11 days for cauliflower and 4
days for spinach as compared to 21,
11, 5 and 2 days respectively in an
ordinary room at the same time.
The cost of the chamber is USD 1500 and capacity is 2 tonnes.
•An evaporatively cooled (EC) room (3x3x3m. size) was developed
for on-farm storage of fruits and vegetables.
•The summer temperature inside the EC room was 5-8C lower than
that inside the ordinary room and winter temperature was 5-8 C
higher than that inside the ordinary room.
Fruit Ripening Chamber•A small quantity of alkali is
added to ethrel to release the
ethylene gas and the fruits are
exposed to this gas in air-tight
portable plastic tents.
•Fruits are placed in ventilated
plastic crates inside air-tight
plastic tents.
•A small battery operated fan
can be placed inside the tent for
uniform circulation of gas.
•Robusta banana can be
ripened in 18-24 hours.
•Mango fruits can be ripened in
5 days
Process Technology for Guava Bar
• Guava is perishable in natureand cannot be stored formore than two days duringpeak season.
• Guava can be processed intoa number of products likefruits bar and beverage
• Fruits, which are rich innutrients can be blended toimprove its acceptability andflavor
• Guava bar acceptable evenafter 6 month of storage
Composition: Moisture: 15%, Vitamin C: 120 mg/100g, Acidity: 1.08%, Reducing sugar: 14%, Non-reducing sugar: 46%, Weight of each bar: 5-10 g, KSM: 0.2%
Process Technology for Ber Preserves
• Excellent natural color
• Very good texture
• Rich in Vit. C
• Rich in minerals
• Least enzymatic browning
Can keep well up to 6 months
Crushed Tomato Technology
• Intermediate processing
technology to produce tomato
puree in production catchment and
its cold storage for further use by
Ketchup or Soup or Juice
Manufacturers is best option to
avoid price crash/distress sale and
provide local employment
• Crushed tomato is an intermediate
product developed by ICAR-IIHR
where inclusion of seed and skin
adds to the consistency and colour
of the product and can be used as
a substitute to the fresh tomato for
various curry preparation
Garlic Processing MachinesGarlic Flaking MachineGarlic PeelerGarlic Bulb Breaker
Capacity-800 kg/h
Cost-USD 4000
Capacity-400 kg/h
Cost- USD 4000
Capacity-40-50 kg/h
Cost-USD 1500
Method to Prepare Dried Garlic Slices
• The cloves areseparated, peeled andsliced across the length.
• Slices of 3mm thicknessare dipped in 0.5%sodium metabisulphitesolution for 15 min atambient temperatureand dried to 6% moisturecontent (db) in afluidized bed dryerat 600C air temperature.
• Slices thus obtainedshould be immediatelypacked in airtightcontainers.
Plant & machinery :Stainless Steel knives,
Fluidised bed dryer, Work tables, Dipping tanks
etc., Manpower :10-15 kg raw garlic / person for
8 h, Investment: USD 3000 approx.,
Capacity:10-15 kg dried garlic slices / day.
CIPHET Process of Mechanical
Dewatering and Drying• Process-The onions were washed,
peeled and mechanically dewateredprior to drying with centrifugal juicer.
• Partial mechanical dewateringresulted in as high as 60.98 % lessconsumption in energy thanconventional method besides gettinghigh value products i.e. onion juiceand onion powder.
• The optimum combinations are 60%dewatering and 60-70 Ctemperatures.
• Onion juice was concentrated to75% solids for increasing its shelflife.
• Storage studies of onion powdershowed that there has been nosignificant loss in quality even after 2months storage at roomtemperature.
Solar Tunnel Dryer
• It consists of a tunnel type semi-cylindrica drying chamber
• Trolleys and trays are provided to hold one tonne and two
tonnes of raw material.
• The reduction in drying time compared to (60 %) compared to
open sun drying as a result of higher inside temperature of
about 22 - 25°C.
Green Chili Processing into Powder and
Puree
•Chilies powder has higher nutrition and
controlled pungency. The green chilies
have more Vitamin C & A and antioxidant
properties.
•About 130 g of green Chilies powder and
300 ml puree could be prepared from one
kilogram of fresh green Chilies.
•The cost of the plant for the processing
200kg of green chilies per day is
estimated at USD 15000/-.
•The break even point comes be 49.15%
and pay back period 1.91 years
•1kg of green chilies costing 20 cents, the
value added product of USD 1.50 could
be marketed.
Chili Puree
Green Chili Powder
Agro Processing Centres
for Rural Development
• Rural youths in a team be encouraged to set up agro
processing centres to clean, grade, package and process
food grains to get the benefit of off season higher prices.
• Similarly a village level power plant using biomass briquettes
can also be encouraged by a team of rural youth.
Mini Dal Mill Mini Rice Mill
Mini Biomass Power Plant
Double Chamber Modern Oil Expeller
•Provision for cooling the barrel by
passing water through water
jackets for temperature of the
barrel below 70 C
•Pungent compounds present in
the oil are not escaped during
expelling.
•10 tpd capacity provides 5.8%
residual oil in mustard cake in
one-go crushing, as compared to
7.5% in conventional expeller
•Mustard cake is bright green
without any discolouration.
•Durability worm & cage bar
assemblies (10 week against 3
weeks conventional expellers)
•The plant requires less space for
installation.
Transfer of Technologies
• Assembling the technology as a
package
• Providing technology based
Entrepreneurship Development
Programs
• Providing incubation facility for test
marketing the produce
• Hand holding to get government
incentives and other logistics needed
• Help in modern marketing strategies
Evaporative Cooled Room
Surinder SinghVill Jalalabad, Moga PunjabProfession: Vegetable Farmer
Cold Room used for on-farm short term storage of fruits and vegetables
Cost of structure: Rs 12000 USD
Dried Green Chilli, Ginger and Garlic Powder
Sh Saket Ranjan M/s Skysnacks, Punea, BiharTrained by CIPHETProducts: Green chilli powder, Ginger Powder, Garlic Powder, Sattu and Pappad etc.Employment: >10 mostly ladies
Chowdhary Made Agriculture Profitable with Value Addition in Rajasthan
Kailash Chaudhary, Age 60 yearsProducts: Aamla juice, amla powder, aloe vera juice, candies, squashes, pickles, sweetsExports to many countriesEmployment: Direct 30;Indirect 40Established: 2004Training and Technologies by CIPHETTurnover: > 250000 USD Web: www.ksbiofoods.com
Soybean Processing for Milk and Tofu
Sh B S Garcha
Dist. Sangrur Punjab.
Established: 2000
Products: Soymilk, Tofu, Whey
beverage, Soy namkeen etc.
Monthly Income: > USD 1000
Employment generated: 10
Capital Investment: USD 10000
Sales outlets stalls in University
and colleges
Recommendations• Consume seasonal one fruit a day that will reduce
losses by 5%
• Increase consumption of fruit jam, also in milk shake
that will further reduce loss by 5% and promote small
scale business and employment
• There is a need to use fruits as presentation material
so that its consumption be increased
• Provide vegetables grown by SHGs and Producer
companies through Farmers markets and PDS like in
Onam in Kerala
• Provide crushed tomato, jam, sauce, pickles and
salsa type of products produced by SHGs through
PDS shops.