Post‐Disaster 3D Modeling of a Collapsed City: Citadel of Bam, Iran http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/bam/ Asanobu Kitamoto National Institute of Informatics Elham Andaroodi University of Tehran Mohammad Reza Matini University of Yazd Kinji Ono National Institute of Informatics
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Post‐Disaster 3D Modeling of a Collapsed City: Citadel of Bam, Iran
http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/bam/
Asanobu Kitamoto National Institute of Informatics
Elham
Andaroodi University of Tehran
Mohammad Reza Matini University of Yazd
Kinji
Ono National Institute of Informatics
December 26, 20032011/11/15 Digitization of Cultural Heritage 2
Cultural Heritage News
•
One of the biggest mud brick complex in the world.
•
Most of the citadel was collapsed by the quake.
•
One year later, “Bam and its Cultural Landscape”
was inscribed on the list of World Heritage in Danger.
Citadel of Bam2011/11/15 Digitization of Cultural Heritage 3
Project HistoryDecember 31, 2003 January 2004
April – June, 2006 December 26, 2008
2011/11/15 Digitization of Cultural Heritage 4
Project Framework2011/11/15 Digitization of Cultural Heritage 5
OntologyModeling
Rendering
Wireframe
Multimedia Website
Heterogeneous
data archives
Voluntary data collection
Institutional data collection
Physical reconstruction
Museum exhibition
Cyber world Physical world
ArchitecturalProcess
ConceptualProcess
After the disaster
In the future
Integration of Heterogeneous Data2011/11/15 Digitization of Cultural Heritage 6
Estimating missing information is a critical problem!
Comparison of Workflow
Computer Experts
Domain Experts
Modeling Rendering
Computer Experts
Domain Experts
Modeling Rendering
Create
InstructCheck
Create
Create
1st
Phase (bad) 2nd
Phase (good)
CreateTransfer
2011/11/15 Digitization of Cultural Heritage 7
Architectural Modeling and Rendering
Modeling Rendering•
Experts should model
the structure.•
Model is created by a
CAD tool (AutoCAD).•
The output is
wireframe models.•
Accuracy is important.
•
Experts should render the appearance.
•
Model is rendered by a 3D CG tool (3ds max).
•
The output is multimedia content.
•
Appearance is important.
2011/11/15 Digitization of Cultural Heritage 8
Collaboration of Experts
•
Domain experts
(e.g. architects) focus on the accuracy of models.
•
Computer experts
(e.g. CG engineers) focus on the usefulness of systems and outputs.
•
Separation of modeling and rendering
is more efficient because of the division of roles.
•
Similar to the separation of model / view in software engineering (modular design).
2011/11/15 Digitization of Cultural Heritage 9
Architectural Process
•
A 3D model accurate enough for physical
reconstruction.
•
Accuracy includes appropriateness as Persian architecture.
•
New data cannot be measured in a post‐
disaster reconstruction.
2011/11/15 Digitization of Cultural Heritage 10
Requirement of Accuracy
•
High
•
Moderate
•
Low
Original image: Digital Globe
Accurate
Inaccurate
Manual
Automatic
Good balance between accuracy and cost
2011/11/15 Digitization of Cultural Heritage 11
Photogrammetric Map2011/11/15 Digitization of Cultural Heritage 12