possible project ideas for testing and evaluation

Poss ible Project ideas for test ing and evaluat ion

Possible Project ideas for testing and evaluation 1

BackgroundFor more than 40 years, the International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) has brought the newest technology from around the globe together in one location for display. Owned and produced by the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA), the largest trade association promoting growth in the $186 billion U.S. consumer technology industry, the International CES profits are reinvested into industry services, including technical training and education, industry promotion, engineering standards development, market research and legislative advocacy (http://www.cesweb.org/aboutces.asp_). (CEA represents more than 2,000 corporate members involved in the design, development, manufacturing, distribution and integration of consumer electronics products.)

In 2011, CES drew 48,776 exhibitors and 149,529 attendees from 143 countries (http://www.cesweb.org/aboutces.asp#739). The 2012 Conference took place in Las Vegas January 9-13, and during the event, Executive Director Dave Mather of the National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center (NLECTC) Small, Rural, Tribal and Border Regional Center (SRTB-RC) explored multiple locations and visited the nearly 50,000 vendors exhibiting in nearly 2 million square feet of space. Opinions expressed in this report are those of the executive director and do not necessarily represent the official position of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the NLECTC System, The Center for Rural Development or SRTB-RC.

Using the iCrimefighter AppliCAtion to explore teChnologyNavigation through the multiple locations and vendors was aided through the

use of “Official 2012 International CES App,” a free application downloaded from

iTunes and written by Core-Apps, LLC. The official Apple® iPhone/iPad/iPod Touch

application for the 2012 International CES provided an interactive map that

indicated the device’s position on the show floor and helped the user navigate

through multiple sites, search the exhibitor directory and/or create a show schedule

by choosing sessions and speakers or interest (http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/

official-2012-international/id443342923?mt=8).

In addition to the CES application, the executive director used a criminal justice

application, iCrimeFighter, to capture information about the vendors (pictured

right). iCrimeFighter, an investigative/evidence-gathering application available for purchase and use on an iOS

device to collect information at a crime scene or event, captures photographs, records videos and interviews,

Technology Review of CES 2012

Poss ible PRojecT ideas foR TesT ing and evaluaT ion

technology review of Ces 20122

and allows the user to write field notes. The application allows the user to save cases by case number and

to easily locate crime trends with a GPS mapping feature (http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/icrimefighter/

id462008847?mt=8).

During the event, the executive director created a separate case file for each vendor, capturing the location by

GPS in case he wanted to return to a booth and get additional information. For every case, he captured a picture

of the technology reviewed and recorded a few notes on potential uses for law enforcement.

The iCrimeFighter welcome screen provides quick links to accessing cases and recording sound, pictures and/or

a video (above left). Each attachment must be associated with a case file to be saved into the application.

When the user taps on the ”View/Edit Cases” icon, a list of available cases shows up on the screen (above

center). The list of cases includes a case number (for CES, the executive director used the name of the vendor

instead of a case number) and permits entry of a one-line description. Of particular interest is an option to tap

the mapping button at the bottom of the list and see a map of case locations; this option could help with basic

crime analysis in the field. The GPS mapping location is an option on each case that can be toggled on or off.

The application only plots a point on the map if the GPS option is on; a future upgrade may include the option to

use a typed-in address for GPS mapping purposes.

When the user enters a case identifier, a list of all attachments for that case shows up on the screen. For the Astak

vendor’s booth, the executive director took several pictures of items (described later in this document) and wrote

a short note on each one. The process he followed is very similar to how an officer would collect information

in the field on a pocket notebook, but the application also allows for video, pictures and sound recordings. An

interesting feature is the option to overlay Miranda Warnings over the camera screen and even change the

color of the text to make them more visible. This allows an officer to read the warning from the phone while taking

a picture of a suspect (pictured above right is a self-portrait; mirror image due to production process). When

the user saves the photo, the warnings do not show. The video function also has this option, and like the photo

module, the Miranda Warning does not display on the final video. However, the video records the sound of the

officer's reading the warning along with any response by the person being notified. The addition of an option to

change the Miranda Warnings listed in the event that some states or agencies have specific wording that they

require officers to use would be a plus.

Welcome screen of iCrimeFighter

List of cases already available Taking a picture of a suspect


The executive director found the application useful in this setting and sees it as a possible replacement for the

pocket notebook carried by police officers. The application captures more information than an officer would

using a pen and paper notebook, but modifications are needed before it is a true replacement. At present,

it does not appear to be a solid addition to an officer’s duty gear. A suspect module was noticeably lacking,

although information could be entered in the notes section by hand (much like in an officer’s notebook). A

vehicle and property module would also provide additional information that responding officers could use to

better track information at the scene.

The application was simple, straightforward, easy to use and understand, and provided additional evidence

collection tools that could help an officer in the field. For the executive director’s purposes at CES, it performed

perfectly, helping track every photo and note taken and ensuring they were correctly associated with the

appropriate vendor.

Video teChnologyThe video technology category includes equipment used for surveillance and photographs, as well as officer-

worn cameras. Four vendors whose technology might be worth testing and evaluating in the field setting for law

enforcement attended the event.

Astak Video Surveillance CamerasAstak Inc. is a leading home and business security solutions developer and manufacturer in the security and

surveillance industry. The company has a dedicated Research and Development Department that strives to

continuously improve the quality of its security products. Astak Inc. has also developed overseas manufacturing

partnerships that enable the company to produce innovative and leading technology solutions. Product

offerings include wireless and wired cameras, Internet Protocol (IP) network cameras and security DVRs,

catering to a broad range of end users from do-it-yourself (DIY) customers with residential needs to big-name

resellers to installers for commercial business needs. Astak offers its products for sale over the Internet and

many are available through national retail stores such as Costco, Sam’s Club and Wal-Mart (http://www.astak.

com/2009_10_28.asp). Astak had several products with potential law enforcement applications at prices

appealing for small agencies.

Astak carries a wide variety of wireless cameras, IP cameras, vehicle-mounted cameras, surveillance cameras

with rechargeable batteries and a full 1080P action camera similar to a GoPro product but at a lower cost with

higher resolution.

Mole Wireless iP CaMera

Astak created the Mole Wireless IP camera to be an all-in-one solution that can

be used for security or social networking. Marketing materials describe a setup

process requiring the camera to be plugged in and registered with the company

website before producing video that can be viewed on any Internet browser

(http://www.molecamera.com/). At CES, the company indicated a price of $199

per camera (pictured right) but online, it lists at up to $299 per camera. That’s still

a great deal for a low-end entry level option for remote surveillance.


For security, it offers built-in motion detection controls that can be focused on an entire screen or just on one

particular section. Motion in those areas triggers recording and the system can notify users by Twitter or e-mail

that it senses motion. The notification recipient can log into any web browser (even a mobile device) and view

what the camera sees in real time. While viewing remotely, the user can control the pan and tilt angles and

monitor or record. Once configured, the camera needs only a wireless router and functions without a computer.

A speaker and microphone setting on the camera allow remote monitoring of sound, and if desired, interaction

with the person on the other end. The camera includes 15 infrared (IR) lights for low-light or no-light recording,

allows up to five remote viewers simultaneously and automatically reconnects with the network in the event of

an interruption (http://www.molecamera.com/). Motion detection events can be automatically uploaded to

YouTube account and Twitter feeds (http://www.itechnews.net/2009/10/29/astak-mole-ip-camera-with-wifi-and-

youtube-twitter-integration/).

Potential law enforcement applications. Many small agencies are plagued by areas in their jurisdictions that

continually are vandalized or broken into but are difficult to patrol due to their remote location. The Mole provides

a mobile option that can be configured for Ethernet or WiFi connectivity (including a portable cellular router)

to provide notification to field units of motion. Placed in a church that continually is burglarized, a park that is

regularly vandalized, a concessions stand with missing product or a storage yard with high thefts of copper wire

overnight, this could provide a police department with an affordable crime-solving option that could be loaned

to the community to help solve crimes. Keeping a few of these devices on hand for installation in high-crime

areas would provide law enforcement with a remote monitoring option, effectively an additional set of eyes for

the officer(s) on patrol. Additionally, video evidence or photographs of suspects could be uploaded easily to a

department’s social sites and website for assistance in locating suspects.

Concerns or drawbacks. At CES, the device was on display with three remote cameras installed at different

locations – one at the show, one elsewhere in the United States and one overseas. All three videos and two-way

communications worked well. However, bandwidth at CES was likely wide and fast, allowing for everyone at the

show to communicate at the same time. It would be worth testing to see how viable this option is using a cellular

router to see if true remote options might be possible. In addition, the camera is designed to be used in an indoor

setting, which would limit the locations in which it could be installed.

The other concern was that the video is uploaded to Astak’s server. Although the company claims to have all

security issues covered, it would be essential for an agency to confirm these qualifications prior to any testing

and evaluation. Astak offers to spoof an agency’s front page, so that the log-in page appears to belong to the

contracting agency, not to Astak. This brings up the biggest concern: although Astak currently does not charge

for data storage or monitoring on its servers and claims to have no plans to do so , it seems unlikely that at

some point the company wouldn’t consider charging for that access. Because the camera is plug-and-play, it is

configured to upload the video to company servers, and there is not currently an option to change that setting. If

Astak began charging for access, it would force owners to pay the fee or stop using the camera.

Verdict. Even at $300, this costs significantly less than most cameras with similar remote viewing functions. It would

be worth evaluating in several settings and with different service providers to determine if the vendor claims

match up with field performance.


Mini-CaMCorder (CM-d008)

The mini-camcorder is a tiny digital video recorder with a pinhole lens that

can be set to record only when it detects sound (pictured right). The Astak

website lists the camera at $99, with a potential discount once added to the

cart. The entire camera is just over two inches tall, and comes with options

for wearing it or mounting it permanently or with Velcro. The mini-camcorder

records on a Micro secure digital (SD) card up to 8GB (2GB card included)

recording 30 frames per second on 640x480 video. The battery lasts for

approximately two hours of continuous use (http://www.astak.com/product.

asp?serial=CM-D008).

Potential law enforcement uses. This camera could be used as a low-cost option for surveillance or undercover

operations when only a short period of recording time is needed. With the pinhole camera, it could be set up

nearly anywhere and be virtually undetectable. The sound activation feature would preserve battery life and

might be helpful in determining who is entering closed premises overnight, but it does not notify anyone.

Concerns or drawbacks. Battery life and storage capacity are the major limitations of this device in the law

enforcement setting. If the battery could keep the camera recording for the equivalent of five hours or more, this

might be a viable entry-level patrol-worn camera. Another concern is how well it would do in low-light conditions.

It still may have a place in undercover operations for those with a limited or non-existent budget.

Verdict. This device has some very limited applications in law enforcement. Although the size and costs are a

benefit, the short battery life and small recording capacity may limit its usefulness for many departments. It may

be worth testing as a basic entry-level camera and adding it to the final officer-worn camera reviews.

outdoor Wireless iP CaMera (CM-831)

The outdoor wireless IP camera on display at CES is an early prototype,

but is expected to be fully functional and marketed in the second quarter

2012 (pictured right). Astak says it has the same easy setup as the Mole

IP Camera, with virtual plug-and-play connectivity: What sets this camera

apart is the capability to be mounted outdoors, where it needs only a

power supply and to be within range of a wireless router. The camera has

IR light-emitting diode (LED) lights for up to 50 feet of night vision from the

camera. Although the final price has not been determined, the vendor

indicated a $249 price tag, making it one of the most affordable outdoor

options available.

Potential law enforcement uses. For the price, it seems to be a great

low-cost alternative to the professionally installed remote monitoring

options available commercially. The portability would also allow law

enforcement to move it from hot spot to hot spot, lending it for use in

residences in a jurisdiction that has ongoing problems. A small, weatherized container with a portable power

option could provide a completely wireless option for short periods of time at any location where there is a

cellular router signal. This could also prove to be a good entry-level camera for departments that want to monitor

an outbuilding containing property, a vehicle storage lot or the department’s motor pool.


Concerns or drawbacks. Since this is still a prototype, there is no indication as to the true performance of the

camera. Similar to the Mole IP Camera, this camera sends video to the servers at Astak. Although there are no

current plans for charging customers to access the camera video feeds, if the company chose to, it could force

the customer to pay the fee or abandon the technology.

Verdict. For the price, this is a good alternative to professionally installed camera systems. However, hunting trail

cameras with a cellular option may prove a better solution for about twice the price because they can be put

anywhere there is cellular signal and send information directly from the trail camera to remote users. This camera

could possibly be used in a parallel testing and evaluation project with the trail cameras.

CarCaM With GPs (CM-300G)

Another prototype due in the second quarter 2012, the CarCam from

Astak is not a typical in-car video recording system (pictured left). In-car

video systems for law enforcement provide video from the perspective

of a camera mounted in the patrol car and include an officer-worn

microphone to record sound from the officer and anyone else close by.

Systems cost anywhere from $1,100 to $4,000 or more for a fully digital

solution. The CarCam has a camera mounted near the rear view mirror,

but does not provide a remote audio recording device. It does add GPS

mapping functionality and a 12-hour recording time on a removable

Micro SD card up to 16GB (2GB card included). This item should be in

production during the second quarter of 2012 for an approximate price of

$299 per camera.

Potential law enforcement uses. The CarCam could be used to provide a video record of what is seen out of

the front of the patrol car during a shift. Since the camera activates when the engine starts, it begins recording

as soon as the car is running. The camera records video and GPS locations on the card, and the downloaded

information can be mapped using Google Maps. In addition to GPS locations, the device includes vehicle speed

and a moving map, pairing them with the recorded video.

From a supervisory standpoint, this could provide information about vehicle speeds when on patrol and when

responding to calls, both of which are often the subject of citizen complaints. In addition, in the event of an

accident, the information would be accessible as the camera claims to record even at several Gs worth of

impact.

For patrol, each officer could bring his or her own Micro SD card and install it at the beginning of the shift. At the

end of the shift, the card could be removed for downloading. This information could be helpful in determining

officer patrol patterns in a training car to see if young officers are focusing on the areas that need the most

attention. It could also be helpful for internal investigations by providing previously unavailable information

that would assist with public-initiated driving complaints. The video could potentially show physical reactions of

suspects much like many dash-mounted video cameras already do, but without the audio.

Concerns or drawbacks. The lack of audio recording means that this is not quite a replacement for the in-

car camera systems currently in use. There was some discussion at the vendor’s booth as to whether a future

iteration of this device will include a Bluetooth® recording option that would provide approximately 25-30 feet of

remote microphone recording. It is not known how that would impact other recording features, including storage


capacity. Another drawback is that the SD card records in an open format with no password protections on

downloading or deleting recorded data. Finally, the camera indicates that it will record in low light but that light

level is not clearly defined. It would be preferable to include a no-light (IR) option to capture events happening in

front of the vehicle.

Verdict. A great tool at a fraction of the cost of full systems. The lack of audio recording will scare some

departments away, but the addition of the GPS mapping and speed indicators could be a selling point for

others. Definitely worth installing to see the limitations and creative applications law enforcement could envision

for it.

CarCamera Direct

CarCaMeradireCt Video CaMera

A truly low-cost option in recording video from a moving vehicle, CarCamera Direct provides a five megapixel

video camera with a 140-degree wide angle lens, six LED IR lights for some night recording, motion detection for

automatic recording and a 2.5-inch liquid crystal display (LCD) flip-style color screen that can be used to review

video (this screen closes up into the body of the camera). The camera records continuously, recording over older

video automatically unless the memory card is pulled. The camera uses an SD or multimedia card (MMC) card

of up to 32GB, which should provide several hours of recording (based on the video format). The camera can

be permanently mounted and hard wired, or attached to the inside of the windshield with a suction mounting

bracket and plugged into a cigarette lighter. The cost for the system is $49 per camera (pictured below) (http://

www.carcameradirect.com/index.html).

Potential law enforcement uses. This device serves one function: to record

video while the officer drives. The video could be helpful in providing video

testimony of a traffic stop or other event that occurred right in front of the

patrol car as long as the card was pulled to prevent the system from writing

over the recording.

Concerns or drawbacks. As mentioned above, this really serves only one

function – to record video from the front window. Another concern is that the

system continues to record while the vehicle is running, so if a critical issue

is caught on camera, the officer would have to recognize the need to stop

recording and pull the memory card or risk losing the video evidence.

Verdict. If you are looking for a recording from the front windshield of the patrol car and you don’t need audio,

how can you beat a $49 camera system? Definitely worth trying for the cost.

GoPanoEyeSee360, a company that creates products and software for immersive, one-shot 360-degree panoramic video,

produces Go Pano. Founded in 1998 as an offshoot of Carnegie Mellon University, EyeSee360 is the technology

leader in single-shot panoramic imaging for both still and video photography. The company has decades of

experience in robotic vision, image rendering and software interface development. Although the technology

was originally designed for aviation and military use, EyeSee360 has created consumer versions for commercial

photography and an iPhone attachment and application.


GoPano MiCro

The GoPano Micro (pictured right and below) uses

a specially curved mirror that gathers light from all

directions and funnels it into the iPhone’s camera.

The free application transforms the image into a live

interactive scene where you can control the view while

viewing the picture or video. The viewer can swipe

across the view of the video or picture to pan, or can

even use the internal gyroscope to spin the iPhone

around to change the view.

The following link provides a great video of a test driver in a Ferrari on a snowy track. Use the mouse to scroll

around while watching the video by clicking and dragging on the video to look in a different direction

(http://www.gopano.com/video/4103). The attachment is available for $79 from the GoPano.com website.

Potential law enforcement uses. The GoPano Micro provides 360-degree photographs

and videos that can be manipulated through the use of an application that can be

downloaded for iOS devices or through a web browser. This could allow the user to

face one direction and record a video or picture in all directions at the same time. The

attachment provides an interesting perspective at a low cost for use in covert surveillance,

crime scene video or photography (as an additional tool, not a replacement). An officer

could even rig the device on a uniform where it could record video during an entry for

a search warrant or other tactical event. Another aspect might be to record a trainee’s

performance during high-risk driving while in a pursuit or responding to a call. The video

would give not only a glimpse into what the trainee saw, but also show how the trainee

responded at the same time. Videos can be uploaded to Facebook or Internet hosting

sites and maintain the same virtual 360-degree perspective when viewed.

Concerns or drawbacks. The attachment is clunky and requires a special case for the iPhone. The video

quality would be good for reference but does not appear to be of high enough quality for use for evidentiary

purposes. Also, this device only works on iPhone 4 and 4S with no indication of expansion to other phones or

portable devices.

Verdict. This is a really cool tool for what it does and the cost is very affordable. It would be interesting to see what

creative uses law enforcement might have for this type of technology.

GoPano Plus

The GoPano Plus is a high-quality lens for any camera with a standard

67mm photographic filter thread base or interchangeable lenses

(pictured right). The company sells adapter rings that will allow the GoPano

to connect to virtually any still or video camera with a threaded base. The

lens lists on the GoPano store starting at $699. The software needed to

change photographs is $149, and for videos, $299.

Similar to the GoPano Micro, the GoPano Plus allows the user to

capture seamless 360-degree videos and images in one shot


(http://store.gopano.com/products/gopano-plus#page=technology). It uses a specially curved mirror to gather

light from all directions and reflect the image into the lens of the camera. The user needs to download software

to view the raw video and pictures correctly. PhotoWarp for pictures and VideoWarp Director provide the same

functionality available in the GoPano Micro but in a high-quality format.

Potential law enforcement uses. Just like the Micro, the GoPano Plus provides 360-degree photographs and

videos that can be manipulated post-processing by using the vendor’s software. The attachment provides an

interesting perspective at a low cost for covert surveillance, crime scene video or photography (as an additional

tool, not a replacement). Photographs produced are a much better quality than those produced by the Micro

and might provide a great perspective for certain law enforcement applications.

Concerns or drawbacks. The biggest difference between this and the Micro is the cost: $699 plus adapter rings

and the cost of the software could easily make this a $1,200 investment. The video and picture quality is slightly

better, but still has a fish-eye look to it.

Verdict. This probably has very limited use today in a law enforcement setting. However, several creative

applications could make the Plus worth investing in for the future.

Looxcie Looxcie, Inc. is the creator of the first mobile-connected, handsfree, wearable video cam that frees people to

be active participants in the moment while recording and sharing on the go. The company recently launched

the first group-cast live video streaming solution, LooxcieLive, in November 2011. Founded in 2008, Looxcie is

headquartered in Sunnyvale, Calif. Playing video camera “hot potato” one day with his wife, the founder of

Looxcie experienced a "what if" moment: What if you could video the events most important to you without

being stuck behind the video camera? What if you could be a participant and capture video at the same time?

What if you could share your experiences immediately with your friends and family without sacrificing your own

enjoyment? Looxcie was founded in 2008 to answer these questions (http://looxcie.com/about-looxcie).

looxCie 2 Wearable CaMCorder

The Looxcie 2 is a wearable camcorder about the size of a Bluetooth

headset that can stream live video (referred to as “lifecasting”) through iOS

and Android™ phones to a video server that allows others to remote view

the event. The camera offers 480p video recording, four hours of battery life

and accessories that allow the camera to be mounted to a uniform, shirt,

hat, helmet or other surfaces (pictured right). The cost is $179 for five hours

worth of recording or $199 for 10 hours of video (http://www.engadget.

com/2011/06/07/looxcie-2-wearable-camcorder-slims-down-adds-some-accessories/). This device incorporates

the ability to record video with additional features that allow it to instantly post the last 30 seconds of video to

the Internet, control aspects of the video device using a smart phone or upload video in real time to LooxcieLive,

where it can be viewed remotely by those you choose to let view the video.

Potential law enforcement uses. Many departments have added an option for officer-worn video cameras

(some of those models have been tested by SRTB-RC). This is the first video camera that offers the option to post

the last 30 seconds of video (with a push of a button) or to broadcast the video live to a server that can be

remote viewed by others. In a tactical setting, this device could provide information on a hot call from officers

at the scene to a command post with near real-time video and sound that would help with decision making.


Supervisors at the station could sign on to cameras worn by officers in the field to better understand the nature

and tone of a current call. Use of force situations can be recorded from the officers’ point of view and used to

better support claims of a reasonable use of force by providing the officer’s unique perspective at the time of

the event.

Similar officer-worn cameras have been used by Fish and Wildlife officers who often work alone and in remote

locations. When on calls in areas with cellular service, the camera could be used to stream live video to a

dispatch center to monitor an officer’s status in the field while on the call. In the event of a problem, dispatch

would be aware of it sooner and help could be summoned earlier.

Concerns or drawbacks. The biggest shortfall of the current device

is that it looks like a Bluetooth earpiece on steroids: a bit longer and

bulkier, fitting over the user’s ear. Point of view can be limited by the

user’s head and the ear clip is not sturdy enough to keep it secured

in the event of a physical altercation. The company is working with

TASER to co-develop a ruggedized, field deployable version of this

camera, but the expected cost is likely to triple (pictured right)

(http://looxcie.com/images/stories/media/pdf/Looxcie_TASER_

business_relationship_FINAL-1.pdf). With a proper attachment, this

camera in its current form could be a great law enforcement tool.

Verdict. This should be included with the officer-worn video cameras tested by SRTB-RC. The Looxcie 2 is a

compact device at a great price with better features (and cheaper) than most of the other systems that

SRTB-RC explored. The best part is that it uses existing cellular networks and requires no additional cost for

setup and deployment.

FujifilmFujifilm has been in business since 1934. The company is one of the world’s largest photographic and imaging

companies. In addition to photography, the company has innovative designs in medicine, highly functional

materials and several other high-tech areas (http://www.fujifilm.com/about/profile/).

teChno-stabi 14x40 stabilized binoCulars

These image-stabilizing binoculars lock in on a subject to create

a stabilized field of vision for an officer watching a moving subject

from a moving vehicle or aircraft without use of a tripod and at high

magnification (pictured left). It corrects for all vibrations. Built to be

waterproof and easy to handle, these binoculars can be used for a

wide variety of purposes such as marine sports, hunting or in the air

(http://www.fujifilm.com/products/binoculars/technostabi/

#See_All).

Potential law enforcement uses. As mentioned in the information on the website, the Techno-Stabi series of

stabilized binoculars are waterproof and could be used in a variety of law enforcement missions. Marine patrol

and aviation services are two areas that require a spotter or tactical flight officer to be able to see at a distance

and compensate for the movement of his or her vehicle.


Concerns or drawbacks. The largest concern about the Fujifilm stabilized binoculars is the price. At nearly $1,100

per pair, they would be a costly technology purchase for most small agencies.

Verdict. The stabilized binoculars performed well during field testing at the show. This included walking, swaying

back and forth, and jumping up and down while looking through the binoculars. The more regular the motion

was, the better the compensation, but in all cases, the far end of the convention center row remained the central

focus of the viewfinder. These products could be very helpful for the aviation units in the NIJ Law Enforcement

Aviation Technology Program and are worth further testing and evaluation.

Vision Tech AmericaVision Tech America develops products that incorporate innovative technology into existing automobile devices.

The company offers a complete range of automotive electronics including aftermarket rear view cameras

mounted in license plate holders, aftermarket rearview mirror camera systems and auto security systems

(http://visiontechamerica.com/site/about-us/).

touCh Panel lCd Mirror Monitor With naViGation and bluetooth (VtG43)

This replacement rear view mirror clips over the top of the existing rear view mirror or installs as a permanent

replacement. The mirror incorporates just about every piece of add-on technology available in a vehicle,

including a back-up camera monitor, built-in navigation with turn-by-turn directions, a Bluetooth speaker phone

with FM transmitter so the caller’s voice plays over the vehicle speakers, an MP3 player, a photo viewer, an E-book

reader and room for three video inputs (http://visiontechamerica.com/site/portfolio/vtg43/). The rear view mirror

is available for approximately $280 from several online sources.

Potential law enforcement uses. This company makes

several small cameras that could be installed as a

backup camera or used to view a prisoner in the back

seat of the vehicle. This could be especially helpful in

transport vehicles with multiple prisoners where it may

be difficult to see several rows to the rear. The video

displays on the rear view mirror screen (pictured right). With patrol cars getting smaller in size, there is a premium

on space in this “working office” of patrol officers and an increased need for more technology. The VTG43 provides

a good alternative that incorporates several devices and could be set up to incorporate video inputs such as a

thermal imager output (e.g., the Noptic imager) mounted on a vehicle spotlight. In addition, for those agencies

with in-car video systems, this rear view mirror incorporates the video monitor, eliminating an additional piece of

technology from the car. The navigation could be helpful for officers responding outside their jurisdiction or for

new officers still learning the layout of their patrol beat. The Bluetooth connection encourages officers to drive

hands-free when talking on the cell phone and it performed fairly well, even in the loud convention center.

Concerns or drawbacks. It is not known who makes or supports the navigation product or how reliable it may

be. The company’s website has many English errors on it, which seemed to indicate that English may not be the

primary language for those making the software. The Bluetooth microphone seemed to work adequately even in

the convention center with many people talking loudly, but it was not possible to test the FM transmitter as a part

of that demonstration.

Verdict. As space in patrol cars continues to dwindle, and power demand increases, it may be increasingly

necessary to find devices like this one that can combine the outputs of several devices into one, taking up much

less space and drawing less power.


tAblets in pAtrol CArsIn the past decade, patrol cars have become more high-tech as officers rely more on electronic tools in the

vehicle. The past decade has seen the addition of the mobile data computer, GPS, hands-free cell phone, license

plate readers, drivers’ license scanners, e-ticketing and printers, to name a few. At the same time, departments

began using smaller vehicles with even smaller cabin spaces, in vehicles already cramped because of prisoner

shields. This section examines some of the technologies at CES that might help with reduced spaces and

increased power draws on police vehicles. (Note that several of the video surveillance reviews listed above could

have been included in this section as well.)

Tablets or Ruggedized LaptopsMany departments have invested a great deal of money in purchasing ruggedized laptops to run mobile

computing applications on patrol. The cost of ruggedized laptops can run several thousand dollars more per unit

than regular laptops. Some agencies have gambled with installing regular laptops in the vehicles – with the idea

that they could purchase three or four for the cost of one ruggedized laptop.

The other idea that has been discussed is the possibility of using portable tablet devices to run mobile

computing applications. Several web-based applications provide high levels of security and allow departments

to remotely control a desktop computer that could run the applications. The flexibility and cost savings of

tablets combined with the ease of mobility and the addition of onboard cameras makes them a viable low-

cost replacement for traditional ruggedized laptops. Every major manufacturer has an application store and a

software developer kit (SDK) that might be used to provide more agency-specific applications.

At CES, every major computer and tablet manufacturer had multiple models of tablets or ultra portable

computers. With a ruggedized case to provide some additional protection against the rough elements of

law enforcement, the cost of most tablets still runs about one-third that of most ruggedized laptops.

Some of the major players that might be considered for a table-based, field deployable computing

solution include:

Motorola Xyboard Motorola Xoom Blackberry PlayBook Apple iPad

Asus Eee Pad Sony Tablet S Samsung Galaxy Tab


Verdict. The tablet market changes too frequently to focus on any one device at the show. Any of the

manufacturers listed above, or a half-dozen others, would make for a great field test. As records management

systems (RMS) become Cloud-based, connectivity becomes more important than which applications are

available for download. SRTB-RC could conduct a field-based test of several tablet devices on patrol to get

feedback on the viability of their use as a replacement for the in-car ruggedized laptops.

PadholdrBased in Tacoma, Wash., Padholdr specializes in creating

tablet holders for the most popular brands. The company

makes trade show floor tablet holders, wall-mounted

holders and home furnishings for displaying a tablet in bed

or near the living room couch. They also have a large line

of vehicle-customized installations ranging from holders

that fit into the cup holder, holders that bolt to the floor

under the passenger seat and stereo rack custom brackets

for mounting the holder permanently near (or over) the

vehicle stereo.

Padholdr loCkinG VehiCle tablet Mount

This industrial-grade holder mounts the tablet to any

curved or flat surface securely. The mount swivels 360

degrees and angles up and down 180 degrees. Once the

angle is perfect, it can be secured in place. The swiveling

function allows driver and passenger to have access to the

information displayed on the screen and is sturdy enough

to have been mounted in small passenger jets for the pilot to interact with applications during flight (http://

padholdr.com/utility-tablet-holders/). The locking series lists on Padholdr’s website for $230.

Potential law enforcement uses. Any agency that uses a tablet in the field could use the locking vehicle mount

to secure the tablet. Whether on marine patrol, in the aviation setting or on uniformed patrol, the custom mounts

provide a secure option for field deployment of tablet devices. This could be in addition to a laptop computer or

potentially, as a replacement (pictured above right).

Drawbacks or concerns. There were no noticeable drawbacks: the concept is simple and the device, solid.

The company planned on agencies putting protective covers over the devices, so there are some options that

include the ability to put the entire tablet with protective cover into the holder and secure it.

Verdict. If SRTB-RC explores the use of field-deployable tablets, some form of professional grade, secure,

lockable, mount will be essential. However, the next vendor listed provides an even more appealing solution that

incorporates the need for security with the other functions likely needed on patrol.

Vantage PointVantage Point has been creating mounting solutions for more than 20 years, primarily focusing on home

entertainment solutions for televisions, projectors and speakers. Recently, Vantage Point has begun to create

solutions for major tablet manufacturers for use around the house and in the office.


VantaGe Point iPad Mount With sCanner and Printer

During CES, Vantage Point demonstrated a specialized

tablet mount that could be used by law enforcement. The

mount would replace most of the center console area

and includes an integrated tablet stand, card scanner

and mobile printer in one solution (pictured left).

Potential law enforcement uses. The stand incorporates

a card reader for scanning licenses or other bar codes.

The customized mount also includes an integrated

mobile printer solution, both of which could be helpful in

deploying an e-ticketing system.

Drawbacks or concerns. Currently this is only a

concept, not in formal production. There are currently no

applications for integrating the scanner and printer to an

e-ticketing system, and most agencies are not using any

kind of tablets in a patrol setting. The printer appeared to

be undersized for most law enforcement printing needs

(no full-page printing).

Verdict. This particular stand is only a concept. However, it appears that Vantage Point might consider creating

a version that would include all the same technologies (scanner, printer and tablet stand) into one unit that

could save power and space, and provide a viable platform for a field-deployable tablet. This is definitely worth

discussing further if SRTB-RC does a tablet project.

heAds-Up displAys And heAd-moUnted displAysA heads-up display (HUD) is any transparent display that allows the user to view data without having to look

away from usual viewpoints. The term originates from a pilot’s being able to view critical flight data with his head

up and looking forward, instead of angled down toward the instruments. Generally, a HUD has three parts: a

projector, a combiner and a computer that generates the information (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head-up_

display). The computer generates information that is sent to the projector. The computer sends the image to the

combiner, typically an angled flat piece of glass located directly in front of the viewer.

Every major manufacturer of vehicles exhibiting at CES had a vehicle with a HUD on display. Several other vendors

also had new technology with a HUD. This report does not mention every vehicle on display, but rather includes

some of the more interesting vehicle technologies.

In addition to vehicle mounted HUDs, two other vendors offered head-mounted displays (HMDs), both of which

are covered in this section and have potential law enforcement applications.

VuzixSince 1997, Vuzix has been developing advanced proprietary display technology for the military and industrial

sectors, and has been a leader in the consumer Video Eyewear market. Vuzix introduced the Video Eyewear


product category in 2005, and since then, has been a consistent winner of numerous CES awards for innovation

in design and engineering. Vuzix, iWear and Wrap Video Eyewear are worn like regular glasses and provide the

effect of a big screen experience, ranging from 44-inch to 67-inch, as seen from 10 feet. They are ideal for use

with media players, portable DVD players, gaming consoles, cell phones and laptops (http://www.vuzix.com/

corporate/).

Vuzix sMart Glasses teChnoloGy

Smart Glasses Technology integrates a high-definition display

engine and waveguide optics into a designer sunglass frame.

The technology starts with a compact display engine capable

of high contrast and brightness for outdoor use. The output is

then relayed into a 1.4mm thick polymer waveguide lens with

input and output hologram structures on the surface that squeezes the light down the waveguide, then two

dimensionally expands the image back into the user’s eye, thus creating an image that is then mixed into the

real world. Designed to work with devices that can be connected to the Internet, the Smart Glasses are interactive

and merge virtual information with the real world, both during the day in full sunlight or at night (pictured above).

Paired with a virtual reality pack, the glasses use gyroscopes to determine which direction the user is looking

and can overlay geographic information onto the wearer’s screen. Presently in the early stages of development,

commercial and consumer versions are due out by the third quarter 2012 for a price expected to be between

$450 and $600.

Potential law enforcement uses. This was one of the most exciting technologies on display at CES. It is hard

to fathom the number of potential uses this could have for law enforcement. This technology allows anything

normally displayed on a screen (television, movies, Internet, GPS, video surveillance camera, etc.) to display on

the inside of a pair of glasses just slightly bigger than a pair of designer sunglasses. With the addition of GPS,

compass and virtual assistance, information can be customized for the wearer’s location and display based on

the direction the wearer is facing, thus overlaying that information onto what the user can see in the real world

(image from http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/big-idea/14/augmented-reality).


Any information that can be located on the Internet

could be superimposed on the wearer’s screen. Several

applications available for mobile phones provide a great

deal of information for tourists or for those looking to buy a

house. If law enforcement RMS information were available in

this same format, officers would be able to look at locations

and know who has active warrants in an area, what types

of crimes have been committed in an area or even tap into

existing security camera systems and acquire additional

video information. With the expansion of unmanned aerial systems that beam live video or feeds from tactical

robots, information could be sent to every member of a tactical team where only they can see it.

This technology seems to be one of the most critical steps in a true body-worn computer that would allow the

wearer to have complete mobility and an augmented reality experience. Combined with law enforcement data,

a Robocop-like experience may not be too far off in the future (pictured above right) (image from http://www.

cyberpunkreview.com/category/movie/cyberpunk-theme/security-surveillance-state/).

If the facial recognition software continues to develop, a future iteration could consist of a camera system

integrated with the computer for facial recognition that would then provide criminal history and any other

information needed by officer. The system could run in the background – like a license plate reader system does

for cars – and only notify the officer in the event that the facial recognition system believed it had a match for a

wanted suspect.

Drawbacks and concerns. It is easy to get excited about this type of technology. The movies have glamorized it

for years, showing the instant access to exactly the right data in the right format at the right time so that officers

can make an educated decision in the heat of the moment. Yet, as mentioned above, many of these types of

technologies do not work independently of each other, so the fully officer-worn computer with smart glasses

technology is probably still a few years off. The current set of glasses does not incorporate a camera, so the

software cannot directly pair visual clues with augmented data, relying instead on the internal compass setting

and gyroscopes and leaving about a three- to five-degree window of variance between where something shows

up and where it really is.

Another potential concern is that too much information could distract officers in the field at times when

they should focus on visual clues related to officer safety. Agencies need to consider the safe integration of

information, especially when performing critical functions with potential high liability (e.g., driving, controlling a

suspect, threat or application of deadly force) to determine how much the distraction of information could affect

an officer’s ability to respond appropriately.

Verdict. This is exciting technology, with some real-world applications already available. For the low cost of the

eyewear, it would be a great addition to the unmanned aviation program to see if a point-of-view camera on the

aircraft would better assist officers on the ground with maneuvering.


ReconRecon Instruments designs customized solutions for direct-to-eye communications. The company integrates Micro

Optics Display systems with state-of-the-art sensors and GPS technology, providing real-time access to navigation,

communication and performance-based information. Started in 2006, and cultivated in advanced indoor

facilities and rugged outdoor laboratories, Recon Instruments specializes in direct-to-eye systems in fast-paced

environments (http://www.reconinstruments.com/company/about).

MiCro oPtiCs disPlay hud GoGGles insert

Designed to provide real-time data for extreme Alpine sports, the

Recon goggles insert (pictured right) provides several pieces of data

displayed in a micro screen on the inside; the data’s appearance is

akin to a 14-inch screen viewed at five feet (or, equivalent to the size

of a large laptop). The user can scroll through data using a Bluetooth

remote that has buttons big enough for the user to manipulate while

wearing ski gloves. The device does the following:

■ Speed: Records real-time speedometer in mph or km/h.

■ Jump analytics: Measures how high, how far and how long the

user has jumped.

■ Vertical descent: Tracks vertical descent for a run, a day and collectively.

■ Altimeter: Measures how high the user is, how high the user has been and how low the user has been.

■ Location: Remembers a location at the push of a button and immediately records latitude, longitude

and altitude.

■ Distance: Tracks how far the user has come.

■ Chrono/Tracker: Tracks how long it takes to make a run and where the user is on each run.

■ Temperature: Sees the current temperature as well as high and low temperatures during a flight.

■ Buddy tracker: Tracks someone else with the same technology and allows the user to see where he or she

is in relation to a current location.

■ Phone connection: Sends text messages and phone calls directly to the goggles.

■ Navigation: Shows where the user is on Google Maps, and tracks favorite routes and locations.

■ Playlist: Controls a music playlist from the display.

■ Wireless viewfinder: Connects wireless POV camera and uses the micro screen to line up a shot by seeing

what the camera sees (http://www.reconinstruments.com/products/mod ).

The insert can be preinstalled on goggles or purchased separately. Prices range from $300 for the insert alone to

more than $550 for the insert mounted on high-end goggles.


Potential law enforcement uses. Could be used anywhere

law enforcement patrols and officers wear goggles – ski patrol,

snowmobiling, four-wheel patrols, horseback, motorcycles and open

cockpit aviation assets (goggle insert pictured left). By providing the

wearer with key data in real time plus the ability to record key points

on a map with the push of a button, these inserts could enhance law

enforcement search and rescue efforts. Multiple units could be used

to compile data and determine which areas have been thoroughly

covered and which areas may have been missed.

Open cockpit gyroplanes have some instruments mounted inside

the cockpit. However, most of the aircraft tested in the NIJ Law

Enforcement Aviation Program do not have a vertical ascent/descent

reading. Having access to accurate ground speeds (not airspeeds) could also be helpful when an aircraft is

following a vehicle from overhead. Key locations can be found again later by using the pushpin option to record

locations.

Drawbacks or concerns. This device is built for Alpine sports and may not be as rugged as is needed for real-

world law enforcement missions. However, in the absence of a similar device, it does add a good deal of data

at a fairly reduced rate. The other concern is that the information presented may not be specific to the needs of

law enforcement (especially aviation assets), but it does provide some additional information (and mapping

capabilities) that could make it helpful on some missions.

Verdict. For the cost, this appears to be a good technology to consider. If the gyroplane or open cockpit light

sport industry gains a significant operational footprint in the United States, it would be worth approaching the

vendor to see about a future model that would be specifically designed to meet the needs of open cockpit (or

no cockpit) aviation assets.

AudiAs mentioned earlier in this document, virtually every major automobile manufacturer demonstrated its newest

HUD at CES. This report does not specifically review any of those HUDs as they are automobile manufacturer-

specific and most agencies will not purchase a vehicle simply to get the HUD option.

Audi, however, presented something unique enough to be worth mentioning, not with the purpose of endorsing

the use of Audis as patrol vehicles (although that would be nice, too), but rather because the technology might

be worth considering for future law enforcement deployment. This design concept is still under development.

three-sCreen hud With Gesture Controls

Whereas everyone else had one screen of HUD information

displayed for the driver, Audi created a three-screen version

with gesture controls. First, the layout: one piece of glass

stretches the full width of the windshield. The driver and

passenger each have a screen reflected directly in front

of them (and in line with their view outside the vehicle

through the front windshield). The driver’s screen provides

key information about the vehicle’s performance: speed,


RPM, miles per gallon, etc. The passenger’s screen is a full

entertainment center including Internet browser, movies,

games, etc. Each screen (driver’s and passenger’s) can be

viewed only by the person sitting in that seat or by someone

seated directly behind them. This prevents the driver from

watching a movie or a game being played by the front seat

passenger. A middle screen can be used for navigation,

comfort control settings, Bluetooth phone, radio settings or

sharing information from the passenger to the driver that

could be helpful (pictured above) (http://translogic.aolautos.com/2012/02/02/in-detail-audis-3-screen-heads-

up-display-unit-at-ces/). For example, the passenger can look up information on restaurants in the area, read

reviews, view the menu and even make reservations by calling the restaurant. When arrangements are final, the

passenger can make a sweeping gesture from right to left, and the navigation data will be sent to the center

screen for the driver to view and accept. All controls for the system are gesture controlled, meaning that someone

behind you in an Audi may not be motioning for you to get out of the way, but instead could be sending

information on a hotel to the shared screen for the driver to use for navigation.

Potential law enforcement uses. Information presented to officers in route to calls generally displays on a mobile

data screen not directly in the driver’s line of sight. That means that officers have to look away from the road to

read data and information, potentially increasing the risk of an accident. Presenting that information on a HUD

could provide that information more safely.

This device presents several interesting features: screens that are visible only based on an individual’s location in

a vehicle and gesture controls. In jurisdictions with two-man cars (or during training phases), the officer seated in

the passenger seat could do background checks or screen for additional information, photographs, navigation

aids and other warnings, and then gesture that information (as appropriate) to the center screen. Only the most

critical information would be displayed to the officer driving, minimizing the time his or her eyes are taken from

the route in front.

For training officers, the use of a screen on the right side of the vehicle could provide an opportunity to keep up-

to-the-minute training logs of a patrol shift, including any after-action comments made immediately following an

event. Because the information would not be visible to the trainee in the driver’s seat, the training officer would

have more latitude about what information to present to the driver when responding to calls, helping the driver

focus on the most important information.

Drawbacks or concerns. This is merely a concept. Although the technology is currently a possibility, it costs too

much to be considered by law enforcement at this point. As the cost of technology declines, this type of interface

and multiple screens of information superimposed in front of the windshield view may become the way student

officers are trained.

Verdict. Cool technology, but too expensive for adaptation by law enforcement today.

JVC KenwoodJVC Kenwood is the leading manufacturer of automobile electronics worldwide. A large portion of sales are in

post-manufacturing products including navigation, stereos and vehicle entertainment systems. During CES, JVC

Kenwood demonstrated a post-market installable HUD, which might make this option more affordable for law

enforcement.


after Market installed heads uP disPlay

JVC Kenwood is developing a HUD that uses a post-

production projector mounted in the dashboard to display

navigation and driver information directly on the car’s

windshield in front of the driver. The HUD connects to a

conventional car navigation system via a monitor and

minimizes the driver’s need to look away from the road (http://

www.jvckenwood.co.jp/en/corporate/strategy/car/index.

html).

Potential law enforcement uses. As mentioned throughout

this document, the additional amount of information being

fed to police officers who are driving creates a distraction.

Integrating a HUD and moving that data into the driver’s line

of sight for the officer could result in less accidents. It also has

the benefit of reducing the amount of space needed within a

patrol vehicle by removing the computer screen.

Verdict. Price and early development make this a good

project for testing and evaluation, and it would provide a

good opportunity to coordinate directly with the manufacturer.

For now, further testing is needed to determine whether

presenting the information in the driver’s line of sight is more, or less, distracting than receiving information on a

computer screen.

PioneerPioneer is a world leader in electronics products for the car, home and business markets, and has been a leader

in introducing such innovations as consumer laser disc (1979), car CD player (1984), GPS car navigation (1990),

DVD-Video player (1996), high-definition plasma display (1997) and organic electroluminscent (OEL) display

(1997). Pioneer continues to develop and manufacture innovative and high-tech entertainment and electronic

products (http://www.pioneerelectronics.com/PUSA/AboutPioneer/Company-History).

Visor Mounted laser hud naViGation

Pioneer’s HUD (pictured left) has two unique features that

made it stand out from the others at CES. First, this HUD

uses lasers to display information. The laser allows full-color

transmission instead of the monochrome often associated

with HUD displays and can use any piece of transparent

material as a screen to reflect the projection. The second

feature that set this device apart is that it clips to a vehicle

visor, making it completely transferrable from vehicle to

vehicle.


For this unit, the video displays on a clear

piece of acrylic about three inches tall and 12

inches long. The acrylic can be adjusted to be

at the top of the driver’s line of sight, making

the information accessible by the driver’s

sitting a bit taller, or it can be shrunk to avoid

seeing it altogether.

Potential law enforcement uses. One of the

major advantages was portability, allowing it

to be moved from vehicle to vehicle. Another

advantage is that, like several other systems,

Pioneer’s augmented reality HUD overlays information in the line of sight, providing more information for the driver

(navigation shown above). As mentioned in a previous section, this type of technology would be fantastic once

incorporated with license plate reader systems, low-light or thermal video systems, biometric facial recognition

systems or even records management systems, providing more information for officers without having to take their

attention away from the suspects in front of the patrol car.

Drawbacks or concerns. In addition to concerns mentioned previously, this system puts another piece of

hardware directly in the travel path of an officer’s head in the event of an accident. Although made of seemingly

very lightweight materials, the location and possibility create a concern worth further investigation.

Verdict. As discussed previously, a system that overlays information to create an augmented reality for law

enforcement would make a great testing and evaluation program. Even better would be working with a vendor to

create a product specifically developed with the patrol officer in mind.

misCellAneoUs teChnologiesThe following items did not seem to fit neatly into any specific category. This section includes a personal

transportation device similar to the Segway® and a sleep management device that may help some officers

working night shifts sleep better.

ZeoZeo Inc. was started by a group of sleep-deprived students at Brown University. Looking for a way to fight

grogginess and perform at a higher level during the day, they learned that the stage of sleep from which

a person awakens has a huge influence on how that person feels in the morning. So, they developed a

comfortable way to track sleep and help people wake up "on the right side of the bed."

Creating Zeo required more than five years of engineering innovation and rigorous consumer testing, all the

while incorporating cutting-edge knowledge from the field of sleep science. On Sept. 26, 2011, Zeo launched

the mobile version of its new Zeo® Sleep Manager™ consumer product line (http://www.myzeo.com/sleep/

about-us).


zeo sleeP ManaGer systeM

Zeo Sleep Manager Mobile allows consumers to track both

their sleep quantity and sleep quality in the comfort of their

own beds and also helps people manage and improve their

sleep using their iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad and soon, popular

Android-based, smartphones. Zeo Sleep Manager is the only

consumer sleep tracking system with scientifically proven

accuracy that measures actual sleep phases, including light,

deep and REM sleep and provides a complete and accurate

picture of a user’s sleep pattern. Zeo Sleep Manager Mobile

then sends sleep data directly to users’ smartphones, which

then sync automatically to their online Zeo accounts so they

can easily access online analytical tools and customized

expert guidance to help them improve their sleep (http://

www.myzeo.com/sleep/about-us). The Zeo Sleep Manager lists for $199.

Potential law enforcement uses. Sleep deprivation for shift workers is only beginning to get the attention it

deserves. Dr. Bryan Vila from Washington State University has been studying sleep disorders and the impact

of shift work on field performance in law enforcement. The effects of sleep deprivation are equivalent on field

performance to legal levels of intoxication from alcohol (http://www.nij.gov/journals/262/sleep-deprivation.

htm). Understanding why officers don’t sleep well and helping them sleep better plays a crucial part in cutting

down law enforcement’s part of the $136 billion of lost productivity annually (Ricci, J.A., E. Chee, A.L. Lorandeau

and J. Berger, "Fatigue in the U.S. Workforce: Prevalence and Implications for Lost Productive Work Time," Journal of

Occupational and Environmental Medicine 49 (1) (2007): 1–10).

Dr. Vila recommends that law enforcement managers educate officers about the impacts of sleep deprivation,

and notes that Canadian law enforcement includes regular sleep screening in a battery of annual fitness tests

(http://www.nij.gov/journals/262/sleep-deprivation.htm). He also suggests that officers need to monitor their

own sleep patterns and determine if they need to seek additional help.

Drawbacks or concerns. None.

Verdict. A $200 investment in improved officer productivity and approachability seems to be a worthwhile

investment. Private reviewers have given it an average of four out of five stars, most mentioning in the comments

that it helped them identify the reasons they were not able to sleep soundly. It would seem that the health care

industry would want to provide these systems to officers to cut down on the more expensive health issues that

can arise from poor sleep habits. This may or may not be a technology that SRTB would choose to review, but the

potential positive impacts are staggering.

InventistInventist began business in 2003. Shane Chen, founder of the company, started the business as a way to bring

his distinctive inventions to life. Inventist is unique in that Mr. Chen dreams, designs and develops his own inspired

products. The inventions span many different fields, but are all designed with the same goal in mind: to continue

to provide a variety of new and interesting products for people everywhere that are fun, exciting and different

(http://www.inventist.com/about.php).


solo Wheel

Similar to the concept of the Segway, but considerably

more portable, the Solo Wheel uses a 1,000-watt motor,

gyro sensors and a rechargeable battery to create a green

personal transportation device (pictured left). With feet low

to the ground and legs resting against the pads, the user’s

lower body acts as one unit, like skating on one skate. The

human foot has a small mass that is easier to rotate and

manipulate independently of the body than the larger

mass of the hip. Using feet to steer and balance is much

easier than using the hips, which is how traditional unicycles

operate (http://solowheel.com/about/).

Simply put one foot on the platform and push off. The other

foot goes on the other platform. Lean forward to go forward

and lean back to slow down and stop, very much like a

Segway. Twist feet left and right to balance and steer. The

motion is similar to steering the front wheel of a bicycle.

Users can ride for 15-20 miles at 10 miles per hour and the lithium-ion battery can be fully recharged in only two

hours. Like hybrid cars, the Solowheel battery recaptures energy when going downhill or slowing down. It sells for

$1,795.

Potential law enforcement uses. The Segway personal transportation device has been used by police

departments across the United States. For many agencies, the personal transportation devices are a better

solution than bikes or patrol cars. Airports, malls and campus areas are more easily patrolled using a portable

transportation device. However, for some agencies, the use of a Segway is not practical because of the need to

transport the device from the department to where they plan on using it.

The Solowheel is 25 pounds, about 20 inches tall and eight

inches wide. It fits into the trunk of a patrol car (or on the

floorboards of the back seat). A vehicle charger allows the

Solowheel to be ready for deployment at any time. The size

and portability make it easy to move from one location to

another and then use at a new location (pictured right).

Drawbacks and concerns. Using this device is a good deal

like riding a skateboard or ice skating. It is essential that the

officer learn to control the device before using it. However, it

is not unlike riding a bike (although most officers learned to

ride bikes prior to becoming police officers).

Verdict. For those who like the concept of the Segway but find it impractical to actually use, the Solowheel may

be a solution. In addition, the Solowheel inventor is designing a two-wheeled model that would collapse into

a portable unit to fit in a trunk. The two-wheeled model would weigh approximately 40 pounds and provide

additional stability without the vertical handlebar of other transportation devices.


ParrotParrot, a global company that manufactures wireless devices for mobile phones, was founded in 1994 by Henri

Seydoux as part of his determination to drive the inevitable breakthrough of mobile phones into everyday life

by creating high-quality, user-friendly wireless devices for easy living. Parrot has developed the most extensive

range of hands-free systems on the market for cars. Additionally, Parrot designs and markets the AR.Drone, the first

quadricopter piloted via WiFi and using augmented reality.

ar drone 2.0

The AR Drone 1.0 quadricopter can be controlled using an iPad or iPhone with free applications downloaded

from the App Store. The unmanned aircraft system has two cameras, one that looks forward and one that looks

straight down. The aircraft could be controlled through controls on the screen of the device, or, by using the

accelerometer, the device could be tipped or turned and the motions translated to the aircraft in flight.

The AR Drone 2.0 adds some additional features that have improved on the original design. The device now

has a HD camera onboard that delivers 720p 30fps video from a wide angle lens that can be streamed and

captured by the device. The upgrade also improved the stability controls to allow the user to control the device

relative to the operator’s location or relative to the aircraft’s position. Before, if the aircraft faced to the left of the

user, tipping forward would propel the aircraft further to the left. With the user perspective control activated, that

same forward motion now moves the aircraft further away from the user (to the aircraft’s right). This reduces the

learning curve for new pilots.

Another improvement is the ability to tolerate atmospheric conditions better through upgraded on-board

stabilization software and stronger motors. During the demonstration at CES, competitors maneuvered the AR 2.0

through a maze and landed the device on top of 12-inch square pillars ranging from three to eight feet off the

ground, all accomplished in swirling winds approaching 10 knots at the ground. The price of the AR Drone is $300

from Brookstone (pictured above left without the protective cowling, and right with the cowling and being flown

using an iPad).

Potential law enforcement uses. Coming changes in Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations should

open up the unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) market for law enforcement. The portability, and especially the

affordability, of this model provide a very low-cost option for acquiring video from a high vantage point by

using the onboard cameras to stream back to the control device. Videos and pictures from the device can be

immediately uploaded and shared, providing remote access to the information in a short period of time.


Concerns or drawbacks. The biggest concern is the likelihood of its being used without any guidance from the

FAA, which could potentially create a problem with the UAS program.

Verdict. Definitely worth adding to the list of aircraft being tested and evaluated, especially for the price.

SUMMARYCES provides a great opportunity to look at many of the newest technological devices being offered by the

industry. Not all technology demonstrated at the show would be of interest to law enforcement. In fact, most

of the show is not geared toward law enforcement. However, it would be in the best interest of the program to

continue sending staff to attend the show. Several great testing and evaluation programs could be created from

this report of technologies that are new and have not been proven in the law enforcement field.

The SRTB-RC executive director truly appreciates the opportunity to have attended CES 2012.

possible project ideas for testing and evaluation

Documents