Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士 Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner. 版權聲明:所有圖 片和內容均受著作權保護. 未經版權所有者許可,不得使用,不得轉載、摘編。 1 Positive Psychology Positive Emotions 积极心理学 积极情绪 Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
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Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner. 版權聲明:所有圖 片和內容均受著作權保護. 未經版權所有者許可,不得使用,不得轉載、摘編。
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Positive Psychology
Positive Emotions积极心理学积极情绪
Dr. Christina Shih石光瑜博士
Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner. 版權聲明:所有圖片和內容均受著作權保護. 未經版權所有者許可,不得使用,不得轉載、摘編。
Defining Emotional Terms对心境,情绪,情感,主观幸福感的定义
• Affect: A person’s immediate, physiological response to a stimulus, and it is typically based on an underlying sense of arousal.• Ranging from unpleasant to pleasant (valence)
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• Emotion: Mental state or feeling in response to our affect and evaluation of the situation
•情绪: 对我们情感和某种情况或是体验的评价和反应
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Defining Emotional Terms对心境,情绪,情感,主观幸福感的定义
Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner. 版權聲明:所有圖片和內容均受著作權保護. 未經版權所有者許可,不得使用,不得轉載、摘編。
• Mood: objectless, free floating, and long lasting state
•心境: 毫无目的的,随波逐流的,维持许久的一个心理状态
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Defining Emotional Terms对心境,情绪,情感,主观幸福感的定义
Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner. 版權聲明:所有圖片和內容均受著作權保護. 未經版權所有者許可,不得使用,不得轉載、摘編。
Affect, Emotion, and Mood情感,情绪,心境
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Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner. 版權聲明:所有圖片和內容均受著作權保護. 未經版權所有者許可,不得使用,不得轉載、摘編。
Defining Emotional Terms对心境,情绪,情感,主观幸福感的定义
• Subjective well-being: the subjective evaluation of one’s current status in the world.• (a synonym for happiness) used in the psychology literature• “Happiness” is used in popular press
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Distinguishing the Positive and the Negative分辨积极和消极
• The findings on the relationship between positive and negative affect varies:• Unpleasant and pleasant affects are independent from each other• Weak negative correlation
• Amplified by stress
• Positive correlations are found between positive and negative affect in Asian sample
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Positive Psychology
The Benefits of Positive Emotions
积极心理学积极情绪的益处
Dr. Christina Shih石光瑜博士
Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner. 版權聲明:所有圖片和內容均受著作權保護. 未經版權所有者許可,不得使用,不得轉載、摘編。
The Benefits of Mildly Positive Emotions轻度积极情绪的益处
• When people experience mild positive emotions, they are more likely• to help other people
• to come up with solutions to their problems
• to be more willing to exhibit self-control
• to be flexible in their thinking
• 当人们情绪处于轻度积极的状态,他们比较会。。。
• 帮助他人
• 找到解决问题的方法
• 愿意管制自我
• 想得开
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Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner. 版權聲明:所有圖片和內容均受著作權保護. 未經版權所有者許可,不得使用,不得轉載、摘編。
Broaden-and-build model of positive emotions拓展-建构的积极情绪理论
• Broaden-and-build model of positive emotions (Barbara Fredrickson)• A subset of positive emotions (joy, interest, contentment and love) broaden an
individual's momentary thought-action repertoire• The expansion of the repertoire builds an individual's personal resources.• For example: Joy
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更加良好的健康,吃苦耐劳的能力,满足感
建构可持续长久所谓的「个人资源」:社交资源,适应力,能力,知识
新的想法,活动,关系积极情绪
拓展
体验更多具有积极情绪的人事物,创造正反馈
Broaden-and-build model of positive emotions拓展-建构的积极情绪理论
Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner. 版權聲明:所有圖片和內容均受著作權保護. 未經版權所有者許可,不得使用,不得轉載、摘編。
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner. 版權聲明:所有圖 片和內容均受著作權保護. 未經版權所有者許可,不得使用,不得轉載、摘編。
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Positive Psychology
Happiness积极心理学
辛福
Dr. Christina Shih石光瑜博士
Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
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Theories of Happiness关于辛福的理论
• Need/goal satisfaction theories• We are happy because we have reached our goals.
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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•有关满足需求和目标的理论• 我们高兴因为我们实现了我们的目标.
• 马斯洛人类需求五层次理论
Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner. 版權聲明:所有圖片和內容均受著作權保護. 未經版權所有者許可,不得使用,不得轉載、摘編。
• Process/activity theories• Flow (engagement in activity) produces happiness.
• Regular engagement of positive acts can help individuals to improve their happiness• Different activities for different cultural groups
•过程与行动之理论• 福流 (也称心流) 是当人完全投入到一件事之中时,他会感受到无比的快乐。
• 时常做有积极意义的事会让人感到更快乐。不同的文化对积极有意义的事看法不同。
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Theories of Happiness关于辛福的理论
Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
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• Genetic/personality predisposition theories• See happiness as stable
• “hedonic adaptation”—that is, the tendency for people to adjust back to their baseline happiness (happiness set-point) after a positive event
• up to 40% of positive emotionality and 55% of negative emotionality are genetically based
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Determinants of Subjective Well-Being/Happiness决定主观幸福感的因素
• Money• There is a strong relationship between income and well-being among the
impoverished but an insignificant relationship between the two variables among the affluent
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•金钱• 贫困人口的收入与幸福感之间有很强的关系,但是富裕人群的两个变量之间的关系却不显著
Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner. 版權聲明:所有圖片和內容均受著作權保護. 未經版權所有者許可,不得使用,不得轉載、摘編。
• Marriage• married men and women alike report more happiness than those who are not married
(never married, divorced, or separated)
• marital quality also is positively associated with personal well-being
• American parents are notably less happy than their childless adults• Likely due to work-family conflict
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Determinants of Subjective Well-Being/Happiness决定主观幸福感的因素
•婚姻• 已婚男女都比未婚(从未结婚,离婚或分居)的幸福感更高
• 婚姻的质量也与个人幸福感成正相关
• 美国做父母快乐的程度的很明显的比没有孩子的成年人要来得低(有可能是因为工作压力和量都太多)
Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner. 版權聲明:所有圖片和內容均受著作權保護. 未經版權所有者許可,不得使用,不得轉載、摘編。
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Westerners: Individualism西方人:着重个人主义
Easterners: Collectivism东方人:着重集体主义
Self-esteem is a strong predictor自尊是个很好的预测指标
Self-esteem is a weak predictor自尊不是个很好的预测指标
The enjoyment of present life享受当下
Spiritual cultivation and transcendence of the present修养心灵,超越当下
independence, autonomy, and agency独立,自主,能干
Interconnectedness of self and closeness to others自我与他人的密不可分的关系
Determinants of Subjective Well-Being/Happiness决定主观幸福感的因素
Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
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Three Types of Happiness (Martin Seligman)三种幸福 (马汀塞利格曼)
• The Pleasant Life (positive emotion)
• The Good Life (engagement)
• The Meaningful Life (meaning)
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• 愉悦的生活 (The Pleasant life): 生活里有许多的积极的情绪
• 幸福的生活 (The Good Life): 當一個人很投入到他的工作,家庭,愛好,親密伴侶關係,等等。
• 有意义的生活 (The Meaningful Life): 当一个人不只是单纯的为了自己而活着。
Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner.
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner.
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Increasing Happiness in Your Life增加生活中的幸福感
• Take care of your physical health• Eat healthy
• Exercise
• Get enough sleep
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•照顾好自己身体健康• 饮食健康• 运动
• 睡眠充足
Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner.
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• Take care of your mind• Realizing enduring happiness doesn’t come from success
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• Take care of your social relationships• Nurture your closest relationships
• Reach out to those in need
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Increasing Happiness in Your Life增加生活中的幸福感
•建设和维持你跟好友与家人的关系• 培养和保持你最亲近之人的关系• 在朋友与家人有需要时,伸出援手
Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner.
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• Take care of your spiritual life• Keep a gratitude journal
• Step back from the material world and develop your sense of purpose and hope
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Is Happiness a State of the Mind?幸福是种精神状态吗?
• Dan Gilbert’s Two Types of Happiness• Natural happiness
• Synthetic Happiness
•丹·吉尔伯特的两种幸福• 自然的快乐
• 自造的快乐
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Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner.
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner.
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Final thoughts最后的感想
• Review of Dan Gilbert’s video
• Strive for nature happiness
• Be skillful in synthetizing your happiness in situations that you cannot change
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• 参考丹·吉尔伯特的视频
• 尽力去得到自然的快乐
• 练习「自造的快乐」
Dr. Christina Shih 石光瑜博士
Copyright statement: All images and contents are copyright protected and use. Reprinting or excerpting is not allowed without prior permission from its copyright owner. 版權聲明:所有圖片和內容均受著作權保護. 未經版權所有者許可,不得使用,不得轉載、摘編。
• Lopez, S. J., Pedrotti, J. T., Snyder, C. R. (2018). Positive Psychology: The Scientific and Practical Explorations of Human Strengths (4th ed.). Sage Publications.