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Navigation
Compass brought to Europe from China, let know sailors know which
direction was north at any time
Europeans learned to use astrolabe from Muslims (mechanical star
chart), Navigators could chart location based on sun, stars in relation
to horizon
Advances in Technology
Some advances made in Europe during Renaissance
Others borrowed from people with whom Europeans had contact,
especially Chinese, Muslims
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New MaritimeNew MaritimeTechnologiesTechnologiesNew MaritimeNew MaritimeTechnologiesTechnologies
Hartman Astrolabe(1532)
Better Maps
[Portulan]
Mariners Compass
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NewNew Weapons TechnologyWeapons TechnologyNewNew Weapons TechnologyWeapons Technology
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PRINCE HENRY the Navigator
Patron, supporter of those who
wished to explore
As early as the 1400s, Prince Henryestablished a school where navigators
trained.
Soon, these navigators became sea
captains who bean a series ofexplorations westward to the Atlantic
and southward along the western coast
of Africa.
Portugal
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1. To win new lands and people in Africa
2. To encircle and outflank the Muslims
3. To acquire a share of the African slave trade
4. To gain trade with the Orient
5. To Christianize the conquered people.
5 aims for Portugal
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Water Route to India
Prince Henrys ultimate goalfind water
route around Africa to India
1488,Bartolomew Diaz sailedaround the Cape of Good Hope at the
southern tip of Africa.
Exploration Attempts
As they explored, they took possessions of several islands such as
the Azores Island group.
They also engaged with Negro slaves in the trade of gold and ivory
in Africa.
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da Gama
1497,Vasco da Gama sailedaround Africa and crossed the Indian
Ocean and reached India.
Journey took more than 10 months,
eventually reached Calicut in India
On his return voyage, he brought a
cargo of spices and jewels which were
worth 60 times his expenses.
As da Gamas voyage brought good
fortune to Portugal, Portuguese ships
sailed India and the East Indies broughtback cargoes of Oriental goods.
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DaDa Gamas ShipGamas Ship9
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Portuguese Empire
The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish an overseas empire.
The first territory they acquired was the Azores.
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Later, they established the colonies of Angola in the western coast of
Africa and the trading posts of Mozambique and Zanzibar in the easterncoast of Africa.
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In 1510, the Portuguese conquered part of the southwest coast ofIndia and established themselves at Goa.
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Then, they attacked and conquered Malacca and moved eastward to theMoluccas Island group which was then referred to by the Europeans as the
Spice Islands because of their famous cloves, nutmeg and other spices.
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From Malacca, the Portuguese
pushed on to China. Portuguese sailors landed in
China in 1514 but they were not
welcomed by the Ming dynasty
which imposed a policy of
isolation. Later, a special treaty allowed the
Portuguese to establish a trading
post on an island in the river
delta.
They built the city of Macao onthis island as a center for their
transactions with the Chinese.
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The Portuguese reached Japan in 1543 when some sailors who were lost
at sea landed on an island of the southern tip of Kyushu Island.
Then, they eventually came to the city of Kyoto.
Portuguese trader brought raw silk and silk textiles to Japan and
exchanged them with silver which they reinvested in some other ventures.
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Christian missionaries
followed the merchants and
traders.
Francis Xavier, a Jesuit,
arrived in 1549 from Goa and
the Spice Islands.
In 1614, all missionaries,including the Japanese ones,
were deported from Japan due
to the implementation of the
policy of isolation.
The Japanese converts werealso ordered to renounce
Christianity or suffer severe
penalty.
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They decided to conquer Ceylon.
Ceylon became an important stopping point between Goa and Malacca
and a source of tea and spices.
The rise of the Portuguese Empire was fast and so was its decline.
1. The government was neither strong nor well-organized, so that there was
difficulty in controlling officials in the home front as well as in the colonies.
2. The empire was a financial burden toP
ortugals small population.3. Another weakness ofPortugal was the attitude of the People.
3 reasons of the declineof Portuguese Empire
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