Porting Tizen v2.3 on ODROID U3 · Cross Compiler (Toolchain) SKKU Embedded Software Lab. 79 21 • Two Options 1. Manual configuration –Export cross compile information ... SKKU

SKKU Embedded Software Lab.

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Porting Tizen v2.3 on ODROID U3


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• Tizen Device Partitioning

• Tizen U-Boot

• Building the Kernel

• Flashing a Tizen Platform Image

• Tizen Platform Configuration

• Troubleshootings

Index


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Tizen Device Partitioning


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• Tizen Partitions layout– 7 partitions : mmcblk0p1 ~ mmcblk0p7

– MBR(Master Boot Record) supports only up to four partitions

Tizen Partition Layout

PartitionMountPoint

Option Description

/dev/mmcblk0p1 /csa Rw Configuration Saved Area

/dev/mmcblk0p2 /boot Ro Kernel image

/dev/mmcblk0p3 - - Reserved

/dev/mmcblk0p4 /mnt/csc RwCustomer Software Configuration , default language, time, etc.

/dev/mmcblk0p5 / Ro Platform

/dev/mmcblk0p6 /opt Rw Data, App, etc

/dev/mmcblk0p7 /opt/usr rw User space

Use 4 important partitions


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• Use SD card, VMWare, and SD card reader

Connect SD Card Reader with VMWare


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• Set partitions using Gparted– Install Gparted

• sudo apt-get install gparted

– Create all partitions except the first 2MB of space

• First 2MB : Space for bootloader (U-Boot)

Tizen Device Partitioning [1/3]

Gparted


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• Delete the existing partition on SD card

Tizen Device Partitioning [2/3]

[Example]SD card size : 8GBDevice node : /dev/sdb


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8Tizen Device Partitioning [3/3]

Leave 2MB for U-Boot

Partition Label• boot• rootfs• system-data• user


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Tizen U-Boot


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• Boot process– Rom(In SOC) → bl1 → bl2 (→ uboot.bin)

U-boot Bootloader


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• U-boot Files

• Download Hardkernel U-boot bl1, bl2 – https://github.com/hardkernel/U-Boot/raw/odroid-v2010.12/sd_fuse/bl1.HardKernel

– https://github.com/hardkernel/U-Boot/raw/odroid-v2010.12/sd_fuse/bl2.HardKernel

– https://github.com/hardkernel/U-Boot/raw/odroid-v2010.12/sd_fuse/tzsw.HardKernel

– https://github.com/hardkernel/U-Boot/raw/odroid-v2010.12/sd_fuse/sd_fusing.sh

• Download Tizen U-boot binary– https://download.tizen.org/lecture/Tizen_Porting/Tizen%20v2.3%20Porting/Bootloader/u-boot-mmc.bin

Binary Download

BL1, BL2, signature from HardKernelTizen U-boot Binary

https://github.com/hardkernel/U-Boot/raw/odroid-v2010.12/sd_fuse/bl1.HardKernel

https://github.com/hardkernel/U-Boot/raw/odroid-v2010.12/sd_fuse/bl2.HardKernel

https://github.com/hardkernel/U-Boot/raw/odroid-v2010.12/sd_fuse/tzsw.HardKernel

https://github.com/hardkernel/U-Boot/raw/odroid-v2010.12/sd_fuse/sd_fusing.sh

https://download.tizen.org/lecture/Tizen_Porting/Tizen v2.3 Porting/Bootloader/u-boot-mmc.bin


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• Extract u-boot-mmc.bin file from RPM package

• Modify sd_fusing.sh script

Fusing [1/2]

Change file name and path


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• Check device nodes after connecting SD card reader– ls /dev/sd*

– Typically the name of device node is /dev/sdb

• Set the excution permission– chmod +x sd_fusing.sh

• Fusing – sudo ./sd_fusing.sh /dev/sdb

Fusing [2/2]


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• Connect UART– U-Boot operation message will be printed out.

Check System Operation

U-boot

Partition 2 Partition 3 Partition 3

Storage (SD Card)


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• Change boot arguments of U-Boot– Set “read and write” option for root file system

• setenv kernel_args "setenv bootargs root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 rootwait rw console=ttySAC1,115200n8"

• saveenv

– Expand boot delay time (can be skipped)

• setenv bootdelay 3

• saveenv

Change Mount Option On U-Boot


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Building the Kernel


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• Setting for kernel build– Installing required libraries

• Enter the following command in terminal

• sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev build-essential

Default Environment Setting


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• Use Gerrit (https://review.tizen.org/gerrit/#/)

Kernel Download

https://review.tizen.org/gerrit/#/


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• Download Kernel source code– git clone tizen:platform/kernel/linux-3.10

Kernel Download

• Set branch– Check branch list

• “git branch –a” (Run in target directory)

– Checkout “Tizen” branch

• git checkout tizen


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• Cross Toolchain– To build the kernel targeting for ARM architecture in the X86

environment

– Default toolchain of Tizen 2.x is “arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc-4.5"

• Automatically installed with Tizen SDK

Ex) /TIZEN_SDK_PATH/tool/arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc-4.5

– Install 64bit compatible library (If you use a 64bit system)

• Sudo apt-get install libc6-i386 lib32stdc++6 lib32gcc1 lib32ncurses5 zlib1g:i386

Cross Compiler (Toolchain)


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• Two Options1. Manual configuration – Export cross compile information

• export ARCH=arm

• export CROSS_COMPILE=/TOOLCHAIN_PATH/arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc-4.5/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-

2. Modify “Makefile“

• Various configuration options for compile or build

• Edit makefile in kernel directory

• Edit ARCH & CROSS_COMPILE

Cross Compiler Configuration


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• defconfig– Kernel configuration file

– In ./arch/arm/configs/

– Default Tizen defconfig is “tizen_defconfig”

• Apply ODROID defconfig– make tizen_odroid_defconfig

Apply Defconfig


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• Change kernel configurations using “make menuconfig”

Kernel Configuration


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• There is a temperature problem in the default configuration– The temperature is too high in performance governor

– Change governor from performance to ondemad– CPU Power Management -> CPU Frequency scaling -> Default CPUFreq

governor

CPU Governor 변경


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• Enable RTL8192 WiFi module support– Networking support -> Wireless

• Enable 80211 protocol

– Device Driver -> Network device support -> Wireless LAN

• Wireless device driver configuration

WiFi Support


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• Enable Bluetooth support for Tizen– Networking support > Bluetooth subsystem support

– Bluetooth device drivers

Bluetooth Support [1/2]


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• Enable Rfkill– Userspace tool to query the state of the rfkill switches,

buttons and subsystem interfaces

– Networking support

Bluetooth Support [2/2]


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• cgroup(Control Group) limits and isolates the resource usage (CPU, memory, etc.) of a collection of processes.– The error is occurred at default configuration

– General setup -> Control Group support

cgroup Configuration


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• Default GPU driver version is changed in the latest version from R3P2 to R4P0– Current CPU Driver version does not match with DDK

Change Default GPU Driver [1/3]


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30Change Default GPU Driver [2/3]

- Graphics support

- ARM GPU configuration

- Mali-400 support


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31Change Default GPU Driver [3/3]

Change from R4P0 to R3P2

- Select Mali Version

①

②


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• Make zImage– sudo make zImage –j 4

– Set the number of thread with the option of “-j 4”• Typically set about 1.5 times the number of CPU threads

Kernel Build


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• Device tree– Data structure for describing hardware

– Can be described in a data structure that is passed to the operating system at boot time

– Data structure itself is a simple tree of named nodes and properties

– File organization

• dtsi : platform common

• dts : board specific

• dtb : binary file

Device Tree


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• Make Device Tree– make exynos4412-odroidu3.dtb

• Make final zIamge– cat arch/arm/boot/zImage arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos4412-

odroidu3.dtb > ./zImage

– zImage is created in the root directory of the kernel

Kernel Build


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• Copy kernel zImage into 1st partition of SD card– Make a temporary directory to mount the partition.

• mkdir boot

• sudo mount /dev/sdb1 ./boot/

– Copy zImage• cp ./zImage ./boot/

– You can use prebuild kernel image• https://download.tizen.org/lecture/Tizen_Porting/Tizen%20v2.3%20Por

ting/Kernel%20Image/zImage

Kernel Image Copy

https://download.tizen.org/lecture/Tizen_Porting/Tizen v2.3 Porting/Kernel Image/zImage


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• Check kernel message


U-boot

Partition 2 Partition 3 Partition 3

Kernel


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Platform Image Flash


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• Three platform images– Can download the released version from Tizen download site

(Tizen 2.3 for RD-PQ)• https://download.tizen.org/lecture/Tizen_Porting/Tizen%20v2.3%20Porting/Platform%20Image/rootfs.img

• https://download.tizen.org/lecture/Tizen_Porting/Tizen%20v2.3%20Porting/Platform%20Image/system-data.img

• https://download.tizen.org/lecture/Tizen_Porting/Tizen%20v2.3%20Porting/Platform%20Image/user.img

Tizen Platform Image

Root Filesystem2nd Partition

App Data3rd Partition

User Area4th Partition

https://download.tizen.org/lecture/Tizen_Porting/Tizen v2.3 Porting/Platform Image/rootfs.img

https://download.tizen.org/lecture/Tizen_Porting/Tizen v2.3 Porting/Platform Image/system-data.img

https://download.tizen.org/lecture/Tizen_Porting/Tizen v2.3 Porting/Platform Image/user.img


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• Connect SD card at VMware

• Use dd command – sudo dd if=./rootfs.img of=/dev/sdb2 bs=512k

– sudo dd if=./system-data.img of=/dev/sdb3 bs=512k

– sudo dd if=./user.img of=/dev/sdb4 bs=512k

Image Flash

Check the device node of SD card


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• Resolve the partition size problem by gparted– Partition size is not displayed properly

– sudo gparted

– Use check function of gparted

Partition Resize


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• Perform the same work for other partitions

Partition Resize


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• Partition mount problem will be shown

– Partition label is not recognized properly in the mounting process (rootfs, system-data, user)

• This issue will be solved at the next step.


U-boot Kernel

Rootfs System-data User


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Tizen Platform Configuration


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• Change mount option in systemd– Path : ROOTFS_OF_SDCARD/etc/systemd/system/local-

fs.target.wants

– Delete unused mount services

• csa.mount, opt-system-csc.mount

– Modify App data and user partitions

• opt.mount, opt-user.mount

Partition Mount Option

EditEditDelete Delete


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• Change mount partition name– Data partition (opt.mount)

• dev-disk-by\x2dpartlabel-system\x2ddata → dev-mmcblk0p3

• /dev/disk/by-partlabel/system-data → /dev/mmcblk0p3

– User partition (opt-usr.mount)

• dev-disk-by\x2dpartlabel-user → dev-mmcblk0p4

• /dev/disk/by-partlabel/user → /dev/mmcblk0p4

Partition Mount Option


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• Edit fstab– Specify the required mount operations

– Path : /etc/fstab

• Change mount option of rootfs

• Annotating module image mount

Mount Option

Original

Modified


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• Do not need additional partition resize process– Path : ROOTFS_OF_SDCARD/usr/lib/systemd/system/local-

fs.target.wants

– Remove “resize2fs-root.service” file.

Resize Service

resize2fs-root.service


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• If battery capacity is low, the system forced to shut down device.

• Change the batter capacity threshold value– File : /etc/battery.conf

Deviced Configuration [1/2]

[LOWBAT]#low battery levelNormal=100Warning=15Critical=5PowerOff=1RealOff=0

[LOWBAT]#low battery levelNormal=0Warning=0Critical=0PowerOff=0RealOff=0


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• Should prevent ODROID-U3 from entering the SLEEP state

• Change the timeout values– File : /etc/display.conf

Deviced Configuration[2/2]

# display state is changed to SLEEP state after this time.# If this value is large, it causes power consumption problem.LCDOffTimeout=180000 # milli second

# If this value is yes, LCD is always on except pressing power key.# Default value is no, LCD is turned off by lcd timeout.LCDAlwaysOn=yes # yes or no


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• UART Message

– Login ID is “root”



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Troubleshootings


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• Index1. Sound Problem

2. Activate SDB

3. Display Output - Xorg DDX

4. Booting Animation

5. Touch Screen Calibration

6. Adjust UI Size

7. Wi-Fi

8. Bluetooth

9. Pop-up Window

10. OpenGL Acceleration

• You can download files related to troubleshooting – https://download.tizen.org/lecture/Tizen_Porting/Tizen%20v2.3%20

Porting/Troubleshooting/

Troubleshooting

https://download.tizen.org/lecture/Tizen_Porting/Tizen v2.3 Porting/Troubleshooting/


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• Tizen Sound System – Pulse Audio : Third-party open-source framework to provide

more sound-related functions

– ALSA : Kernel-level subsystems for sound support

1. Sound Problem [1/3]


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• Reference phone and ODROID-U3 have different sound output devices– Pulseaudio service is failed

• Check ODROID U3 sound device– “aplay –l”


Card : 0 / Device : 1


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• Change the default output device in Pulse Audio setting – File : /etc/pulse/system.pa

– Change the output device from hw:0,3 to hw:0,1



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• Samsung Debug Bridge (Similar function with ADB) – Can connect ODROID-U3 with Host PC

• Tizen on ODROID-U3:– Need to set SDB daemon.

2. Activate SDB [1/3]


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1. Create a script to activate USB host device– Make a script file

– chmod +x pre-sdbd.sh


#!/bin/bashecho sdb > /sys/class/usb_mode/usb0/funcs_fconfecho 1 > /sys/class/usb_mode/usb0/enablesdbd

/bin/pre-sdbd.sh


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2. Change SDBD service file– Delete service dependencies

– Add script execute command

– Activate SDBD service then reboot the system


[Unit]Description=sdbdAfter=default.target[Service]Type=forkingEnvironment=DISPLAY=:0PIDFile=/tmp/.sdbd.pidRemainAfterExit=yesExecStartPre=/bin/bash /bin/pre-sdbd.shExecStart=/usr/sbin/sdbd

/usr/lib/systemd/system/sdbd.service

script to activate USB device

Delete

Make symbolic link


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• Device Dependent X – DDX is connected to the display on the Xorg

– If device has no LCD, DDX does not operated properly.

3. Display Output - Xorg DDX [1/4]


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• Download source code from Gerrit– git clone git://git.tizen.org/adaptation/ap_samsung/xserver-

xorg-video-exynos

• Change branch – git checkout tizen_2.3

• Modify code– Path : ./src/crtcconfig (Perform display configuration)

– Sec_display.c

• _secSetMainMode (ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, SECModePtr pSecMode)

• Determine main output display



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Original code

Modified code

HDMI device cannot be a main output device

Add HDMI device


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• Build with GBS

• Install RPM package

– Copy RPM package into Odroid-U3

• sdb root on

• sdb push ./PACKAGE_FILENAME /LOCATION

– Install

• rpm –Uvh --force --nodeps PACKAGE_FILENAME



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• If there are no LVDS devoce (LCD), the booting animation program does not work. – Source code

• git clone git://git.tizen.org/apps/home/boot-animation

– File : ./src/animation.c

4. Booting Animation

Delete device check process


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• With ODROID-Vu, touch-coordinate error

• Xorg provides its own touch calibration function– Path : /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/input.conf

– Add calibaration option to InputClass

• If you use other input device, you can know the correct values using xinput_calibrator

5. Touch Screen Calibration

Section "InputClass"Identifier "evdev touchscreen catchall"MatchIsTouchScreen "on"MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"Driver "evdevmultitouch“Option "MultiTouch" "10"Option "Calibration" "9 1274 2 801"

EndSection


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• Text and some UI will be too small in the default configuration– Change the display configuration of EFL enlightenment

– File : /etc/profile.d/elm.sh

6. Adjust UI Size

export ELM_PROFILE="mobile"export ELM_SCALE=1.5export SCALE_FACTOR=1.5

Add this options

Size is changed


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• Copy WiFi firmware – The WiFi device will load the firmware during the device

initialization phase

• Copy rtl8192 firmware to /lib/firmware directory

• In ODROID : lib/firmware/rtlwifi/

• Modify a shell script – /usr/bin/wlan.sh

7. Platform Setting for WiFi [1/3]


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• wlan.sh [start] [stop] [softap] [p2p] [check_hw]– Can support hotspot / Wi-Di

– Apply only the regular net functionalities

7. Modify wlan.sh [2/3]

#!/bin/shIFACE_NAME=wlan0start(){

/sbin/ifconfig ${IFACE_NAME} up}

stop(){

/sbin/ifconfig ${IFACE_NAME} down}

case $1 in"start")start;;"stop")stop;;*)/bin/echo wlan.sh [start] [stop]exit 1;;esac


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• wpa_supplicant supports various network connections

• Default wpa_supplicant of Tizen 2.3 generates an error at SSID connection– File : /usr/sbin/wpa_supplicant

– Change the file to the old version of Tizen 2.2 or Tizen 2.2.1

7. Change wpa_supplicant [3/3]


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• Scripts for Bluetooth – Path

• ./usr/etc/Bluetooth

– Need to modify the following files

• bt-stack-up.sh

– Bluetooth activation

• bt-stack-down.sh

– Bluetooth deactivation

8. Platform Setting for Bluetooth [1/3]


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• Need the device initialization for USB type BT– Device-specific initialization is not required

8. Bt-stack-up.sh [2/3]

#!/bin/sh

## Script for executing Bluetooth stack#

# Activate BT Devicerfkill unblock bluetooth/usr/sbin/hciconfig hci0 up

# dbus path settingexport DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:path=/run/user/app/dbus/user_bus_socket

# Execute BlueZ BT stackecho "Run bluetoothd"/usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd -d -C &/usr/bin/bluetooth-share &

exit 0

Device activation -> Dbus Settings -> Start Daemon


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718. Bt-stack-down.sh [3/3]

#!/bin/sh

## Script for stopping Bluetooth stack#

# Remove BT device/usr/sbin/hciconfig hci0 downrfkill block bluetooth

# Kill BlueZ bluetooth stackkillall obexd obex-clientkillall bt-syspopupkillall bluetooth-sharekillall bluetooth-pb-agentkillall bluetooth-map-agentkillall bluetooth-hfp-agentkillall bluetoothd

# resultexit 0

Device Deactivation-> Stop Daemon & Services


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• Two message pop-up windows– Low battery warning

• ODROID device has no battery

– SD card mount fail (External SD card)

• ODROID use SD card for main storage

9. Pop-up Window [1/3]


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• Modify deviced (Device Daemon)– Download source code

• git clone git://git.tizen.org/framework/system/deviced

– File : ./src/core/power-supply.c• Vconf_set_int()

– modify all values relevant to the battery configuration.

– File : ./src/battery/lowbat-handler.c• Vconf_set_int()

– Modify the setting value about battery state or level

• Lowbat_read() – Modify the return value to fully-charged(100%)

Refer to the appended source files

9. Battery Problem [2/3]


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• Modify deviced– File : ./src/mmc/mmc-handler.c

– Modify code to not call the mount code

9. SD Card Mount Fail [3/3]


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• OpenGL library should be installed in order to use the OpenGL

10. Install OpenGL Library for 3D Acceleration [1/2]

platform-independent API

Open Graphics Library for Embedded System


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• Copy DDK files

– Remove Virtual driver• rpm -e --nodeps opengl-es-virtual-drv

– Install new package• rpm –Uvh –force *.rpm

– Sync & reboot • sync

• reboot -f

10. Install OpenGL Library for 3D Acceleration [2/2]


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• Error occurs when a new application is installed with Tizen IDE or “sdb install” command

• Tizen checks the current time in the installing step

– Need to change the current time with date command

– date -s ‘YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss'


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• Tizen 2.3 has no software keys like HOME / MENU / BACK

– You can use USB mouse for hardware key input

Right button- Back

Wheel button- Home


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Tizen 2.3 lock screen

Porting Tizen v2.3 on ODROID U3 · Cross Compiler (Toolchain) SKKU Embedded Software Lab. 79 21 • Two Options 1. Manual configuration –Export cross compile information ... SKKU

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