Portable Test Measurement A Study Presented to the College Department Don Bosco Technology Center In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering By J. William Achilles D. Young John Paul G. Suan Luis Mikael Arzadon February 2015
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Portable Test Measurement
A Study
Presented to the
College Department
Don Bosco Technology Center
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering
By
J. William Achilles D. Young
John Paul G. Suan
Luis Mikael Arzadon
February 2015
Engr. Carlo Pilapil
Adviser
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction
Don Bosco Technology Center is a Catholic institution managed and
operated by Salesian Brothers and Fathers of Don Bosco. Many years had
passed since the first opening of the college program in Don Bosco, the
Bachelor of Science in Technical Education (BSTE). The BSTE program has
three different specialization- Industrial Electronics, Furniture Technology and
Mechanical Technology. Since the opening of the program in 1995, the
institution has produced a number of graduates in the different specializations
(DBTC Student Manual p2). The need for an engineering program that
matches the need of industries prompted DBTC to take the challenge to pilot
their designed engineering program. After some adaptations on the curriculum
and with the capability of the center, the Bachelor of Science in Mechanical
Engineering major in Machine Design and Manufacturing (BSME-MDM) was
offered in year 2002. It is a five- year engineering program leading to
Mechanical Engineering with extra hands-on skills in metal Electronics, and
Computer programming. In 2003, the institution was given a permit to open
two other new engineering programs, the Bachelor of Science in Electronics
and communications Engineering (BSECE), and the Bachelor of Science in
Industrial Engineering major in Furniture Manufacturing (BSIE-FM). BSECE
graduates shall receive a certificate as Junior Engineers and have a primary
career options to work in Telecommunications Industries here and abroad and
do business related opportunities to solid state technology, and semi-
conductor applications. Industrial Engineering focuses on the Furniture Trade
Area. The primary career options of Industrial Engineering are to work in
Furniture Industry positions in facilities planning in the country hence, the
course will serve as its engineering and scientific support (DBTC Student
Manual p3).
1
It is safe to say that one of the primary goals of every college and
university in the Philippines offering the program Electronics Engineering is to
produce well-rounded and competitive professionals in their field of
specialization. The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) is tasked to
supervise and guide private schools, including state universities and colleges
(SUC) to attain this goal by setting standards and mandate minimum
requirements. One of these requirements is to have well-equipped
laboratories, facilities, and equipments where students can developed their
practical skills. The laboratory equipments needed per course must be at least
five (5) sets for newly opened engineering undergraduate programs. The ideal
requirement is to have a ratio of one (1) trainer per trainee or student for the
recognized engineering undergraduate program to ensure comprehensive
learning and training.
Trainees or students having their respective trainers also need test
equipments in order to measure the output or input of the experiments. The
Portable Test Measurement (PTM) is a combination of an oscilloscope,
function generator, and a multimeter. Portable Test Measurement (PTM) can
generate its own frequency input using a function generator and its output
signal can be measured and displayed using an oscilloscope. It can also
measure resistance, voltage and current using a multimeter.
2
Conceptual Background
Figure 1.1: Portable-Test-Measurement(PTM)
The Portable-Test-Measurement (figure 1.1) is an equipment which
has the capabilities of three different types of test equipment, namely, the
oscilloscope, the function generator, and the millimeter.
With the function of the oscilloscope, it is used to display and analyze
the waveform of electronic signals. In effect, the device draws a graph of the
instantaneous signal voltage (figure 1.2) as a function of time.
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Figure 1.2: Instantaneous Signal Voltage
Also, with the ability of the function generator, it would generate a
variety of simple repetitive waveforms. In addition to producing sine waves
(figure 1.3), function generators may typically produce other repetitive
waveforms including square waves (figure 1.4), pulses (figure 1.5), triangular
waveforms (figure 1.6), and sawtooth (figure 1.7). Another feature included on
many function generators is the ability to add a DC offset.
Figure 1.3: Sine wave
Figure 1.4: Square wave
4
Figure 1.5: Pulse
Figure 1.6: Triangular wave
Figure 1.7: Sawtooth(ramp) wave
Finally, with the measuring capabilities of the multimeter, it measures
resistance (ohm meter), voltage (voltmeter) and current (ammeter). It can also
be used to measure capacitance, inductance, and temperature. They may
also be able to measure frequency and duty cycle (a measurement relating to
pulse systems such as fiber optic networks).
5
Multimeter
Table 1.1
Measurement
Fluke 117 Multimeter
(Industry standard)
PTM-Multimeter
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
Resistance
(Ohms)
0.1Ω 40.0M Ω 0.1Ω 40.0M Ω
Voltage (Volts) 0.1mV 600.0V 0.1mV 600.0V
Current
(Amperes)
0.001A 10.0A 0.001A 10.0A
Continuity 1.000 Ω 600.0 Ω 1.000 Ω 600.0 Ω
Diode test 0.001V 2.000V 0.01V 2.000V
Frequency
(Hertz)
0.1Hz 50.0 kHz 0.1Hz 50.0kHz
Capacitance
(Farad)
1nF >1000uF N/A N/A
Fluke 117 (Industry standard) vs. PTM-Multimeter comparison
6
Oscilloscope
Table 1.2
Tektronix TDS3000C
Digital Oscilloscope
PTM-Oscilloscope
Bandwidth 300 MHz 100 Mhz
Rise time (typical) 1.2 nS 1.0 nS
Sample rate
(per channel)
2.5 GS/s 1.5 GS/s
Input coupling AC, DC, GND AC, DC, GND
Input impedance 1MΩ, parallel with 13pF
or 50Ω
1MΩ, parallel with 13pF
or 50Ω
Input sensitivity range 1MΩ 1mV/div – 10V/div
50Ω 1mV/div - 1V/div
1MΩ 1mV/div – 10V/div
50Ω 1mV/div - 1V/div
Position range ±5 div ±5div
Power source
(AC)
100VRMS to 240VRMS
±10%
220VRMS ±10%
Tektronix TDS3000C Digital Oscilloscope vs. PTM-Oscilloscope
comparison
7
Function Generator
Table 1.3
Agilent-HP 8662A
Function Generator
PTM-Function
Generator
Frequency Range 10 kHz to 1280 Mhz 10 Hz to 1Mhz
Resolution 0.1 Hz 0.5 Hz
Level Range +13 to -139.9 dBm +10 to -50 dBm
Agilent-HP 8662A Function Generator vs. PTM-Function Generator
comparison
8
Theoretical Background
Multimeter
A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a VOM (Volt-Ohm meter),
is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement
functions in one unit, namely; the Voltmeter, the Ammeter, and the
Ohmmeter. A typical multimeter would include basic features such as the
ability to measure voltage, current, and resistance. A multimeter can be a
hand-held device useful for basic fault finding and field service work, or
a bench instrument which can measure to a very high degree of accuracy.
They can be used to troubleshoot electrical problems in a wide array of
industrial and household devices such as electronic equipment, motor
controls, domestic appliances, power supplies, and wiring systems.
Voltmeter
A voltmeter measures the change in voltage between two points
in an electric circuit and therefore must be connected in parallel with
the portion of the circuit on which the measurement is made (figure
1.8). In analogy with a water circuit, a voltmeter is like a meter
designed to measure pressure difference. It is necessary for the
voltmeter to have a very high resistance so that it does not have an
appreciable effect on the current or voltage associated with the
measured circuit. Modern solid-state meters have digital readouts, but
the principles of operation can be better appreciated by examining the
older moving coil meters based on galvanometer sensors.