“Port Security AwAreneSS”

“Port Security AwAreneSS”

HAndbook

Part 1 – Introduction 1- Theobjectiveofthishandbook 1- Howtousethishandbook? 1

Part 2 – Threats to the maritime security 2- Commonthreatswithinthemaritimeindustry 2- Whyareshipsandportfacilitiessensitivetocriminalactivities 4- Techniquestocircumventsecuritymeasures 5- HowcanYou,asaportemployee,helptopreventillegalsituations! 5

Part 3 – Dangerous goods, and products which may be used for illegal activities i.e. terrorism 6- Recognisedangerousgoods 6- Recognisedangerous(illegal)items 8

•Bombsandexplosives 8•Weapons 9

- WhichactioncanYou,asaportemployee,undertake! 9

Part 4 – The Port Facility Security Plan 10- Thedefinitionofthethreatlevelsandconsequenttherequirements. 10- TheobjectivesofthePortFacilitySecurityPlan 11- Meansofcommunication 11- Whatisyourtask,asaportemployee 11

Part 5 – Fitting security measures 12- Recognisesuspectbehaviour 12- Recognisesuspectcontainers 13- Reportsuspectbehaviourand/orsuspectactivities 14- Fittingmeasures 15 Accesscontrol 15 Securityrounds 15 Illumination 15- Evacuation,crowdcontrol 15- WhatisYourinput,asaportemployee 15

“Security Awareness Quiz” 16

Table of contents

1

WhatwillYoureadinthispart:- Theobjectiveofthishandbook- Howtousethishandbook?

The objective of this handbookThishandbookhasbeencreatedforallpeoplelegallyactivewithintheportand/oronaportfacility.

Thishandbookaimstoclarifythenecessityofaproperportsecurityasde-scribedwithintheregulation725/2004andthedirective2005/65andtopov-ideinformationtothereaderabout:

- Maritimesecuritythreats- Recognisedangerousgoodsanddangerousproductswhichmaybeusedfor

terroristactivities- Factsabouttheportfacilitysecurityplan- Fittingsecuritymeasures- Recognisepersonsandtechniqueswhoandwhichareaimedatcircumvent-

ingsecuritymeasuresandmightposeathreat.

How to use this handbookReaditattentivelyatleastonceandsubsequentlyanswerthequestionsfromthequiz.YoumayconfirmhavingreadandunderstoodthehandbookbyenteringnameanddateonthebottomofthequizandsentthecompletedformtothePortFacilityOfficer.

Whenindoubtaboutcertainaspectsofthishandbook,thePortFacilityOfficercanprovidethenecessaryanswers.

CoordinatesPFSO

Name:Tel:Mob:E-mail:

PArT 1/InTroDucTIon

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common threats within the maritime industry

Theft of cargo, pilferage and petty theft:

TheyearlylossofrevenueduetotheftcanamountuptoseveralmillionsofEuro’s.People,gainingillegalaccesstotheportfacilitymaywellstealpersonaleffectsfromthepeopleactiveonthefacility(docklabour,stevedores….).Money,mobilephonesandotherelectronicdevices,identitycards…etc.,butalsoportfacilityequipmentanddocuments.CargotheftorpilferagehasanegativeinfluenceonthereputationofYourport,whichmayhaveanimpactonchoicesmadeforaspecificport.Pettytheftanpilferagemayalsocomefrompeopleactuallyhavingalegaljobintheport.

Stowaways:

Stowawaystrytogetonboardofashipinordertoreachthecountry“oftheirdreams”.Whenastowawayisfoundonboardofavessel,theshippingcompanyoperat-ingthatvesselwillbeheldresponsible.Itisessentialthattheportfacilitypaysduevigilanceduringcargooperationswithshipswhicharesensitivetosuchillegalactions.

Smuggling:

Yourfacilitymayeventuallybeusedtoship/dischargeillicitdrugs,stolengoods,weapons…etc.Itisaknownfactthatterroristorganisationsusethevastnessofthemaritimeindustrytotransporttheirgoods.

WhatwillYoureadinthispart:- Commonthreatswithinthemaritimeindustry- Whyareshipsandportfacilitiessensitivetocriminalactivities- Techniquestocircumventsecuritymeasures- HowcanYou,asaportemployee, helptopreventillegalsituations!

PArT 2/THreATS To THe mArITIme SecurITy

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Forwhateverfinalaim,smugglingisadubiousactivitywithanegativeimpactonthereputationoftheport.

Sabotage:

Actioncarriedoutbyonepersonoragroupofpersonswiththepurposeofdamagingtheportand/oraportfacility.

Internally:- sabotagebyadisgruntledmemberofpersonnel- Personnelfromsub-contractorswhogainaccesstosystemsand/orproce-

dureswhichmaybeusedforlaterillegalactivityonthesite.

Externally:- Terroristsmayuseaportfacilityasabasetocarryoutaraidonashiporon

another(moresensitive)portfacility.

Terrorism:

Thereareoverahundreddefinitionsof“Terrorism”,butthisoneisrathergood:

“The use or intended use of violence against persons or material for ideological or political reasons, with the aim to reach its goal through terror, intimidation or threats.”

Terrorismisapotentialthreattothemaritimeindustry,becauseshipsand/orportfacilitiesmaybeusedto:

> Hideexplosivesinthecargo> Smuggleterroristsand/orweaponstotheintendedtarget> Causeeconomicand/orenvironmentaldamagetotheport> Takehostages> Serveasadiversionforatargetatanotherlocation> Stealdangerousgoodsfortheproductionofexplosives

Allmentionedthreatswilladditionallycauseaggression,vandalismandintimi-dation.

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Thereareatleastfourwayshowaportfacilitymaybeaffectedbyactsofterrorism:1. Thefacilityisthetargetofaterroristoraterroristorganisation2. Thefacility(dangerousgoods,products)maybeusedasatoolforanat-

temptatanotherlocation.3. Thefacilitylosesrevenuethroughterroristactivityinthevicinity4. Thefacilitymaybeinfiltratedbyradicalisedpersonnel.

Why are ships and port facilities sensitive to criminal activities?

Theglobalplayingfieldandtheimmensequantityofgoodshandledareanat-tractionpoleforcriminalactivityandpossibleterrorismalike.> Portfacilities,evenproperlysecuredasdefinedbytheregulation,arebigsur-

facesinwhichahighquantityofgoodsandpeoplemovearound.> Portfacilitiesandshipsmaybeseenas“symbols”ofa“higher”classorasin-

strumentsof“superpowers”andassuch,formapossibletarget.> Noteverysinglepieceofcargoischecked,noratdeparturenoratarrival.> Aportisaconcentrationofmanypeople,butmainlyagreatamountofgood(of

whicharespectablepartiddangerous).

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Techniques to circumvent security measures

Criminalsandterroristswilltrytocircumventthesecuritymeasuresby:

> Hangaroundinthevicinityofthefacilityinordertoobservepersonnelmovementsandprocedures.

> Gaininginformationaboutthefacility.Thiscanbedonebytakingpictures,drawingoutplansand/oraskingquestionstopersonnel.

> Claimingtobepersonnelorasub-contractorinordertogainaccesstothefacility

> Sabotagingaccesspoints(gates,doors,fencing)atremotespots.> Telephoneand/ormailpersonnelinordertogaininformationaboutsecu-

rityproceduresonthefacility.> Posingsuspectpackagesinordertochecktheresponseofthepersonnel.> Tryingtodrivealongwithtrucksdeliveringcargoorsub-contractors….> …

How can you, as a port employee, help to prevent illegal situations!

Activelyparticipatewithinanoperationalportsecurity,includingregulardrills.Aproper“securityawareness”isessentialtoprotectthefacilityandtheper-sonnelagainstcriminaland/orterroristactivities

wHAt cAn you do: ! Report security equipment failures (lightning, gates,

fences, cctv…) The PFSO is responsible for prop-erly maintaining and repairing this equipment.

! Recognise suspect and threatening situations and report to the PFSO

! Avoid illegal access to the facility by consequently keeping doors and gates which should be locked, that way.

! Do not hesitate to ask the PFSO for further guidance.

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PArT 3/DAngerouS gooDS, AnD ProDucTS WHIcH mAy be uSeD For IllegAl AcTIvITIeS I.e. TerrorISm

WhatwillYoureadinthispart:- Recognisedangerousgoods- Recognisedangerous(illegal)items- Bombsandexplosives- Weapons- WhichactioncanYou,beingactiveintheport,undertake!

recognise dangerous goods

Certaindangerousgoods,whetherinbulkorpacked(crates,barrels,pallets,containers)requireextravigilanceforthosehandlingthesegoods.

Thesedangerousgoodsmay,inthewronghands,beusedasaweapon,eitherformakingexplosives,eithertocauseharmtopeopleortoinstigateenviron-mentaldamage(whichisalsoeconomicdamage).

Themaritimeindustryhandlesahugeamountofdangerousgoods(HAZMAT=HazardousMaterials).Thesegoodsmustbelabelled.Forsomemoresensitivematerials,aspecifictrainingisrequired.Whenindoubtaskyoursuperiortoproperlyinformyouwhetherthereareanyspecificrequirements.

Havedueattentionforstrangersinthevicinityofthesegoods,andalwaysweartherequiredprotectiveclothingandequipment.AlwayswarnthePFSOwhensuspectpeopleand/orsituationsareobservedinthevicinityofdangerousgoods.(seealsopart5)

“Rule of thumb; If You cannot identify the item, report it.

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class 1Explosives

class 4.2SpontaneouslyCombustibleSolids

class 7 Radioactive

class 2.1FlammableGas

class 4.3DangerouswhenWet

7Fissile

class 2.2Nonflamma-bleGas

class 5.1OxidizingAgent

class 8Corrosive

class 2.3PoisonousGas

class 5.2OrganicPeroxideOxidizingAgent

class 9Miscellaneous

class 3FlammableLiquids

class 6.1Poison

PMarinePollutant

class 4.1FlammableSolids

class 6.2Biohazard

1. Explosives:maybefixed,liquidorgas.Theseproductsmayexplodethroughshockorfriction,thusnotonlybyignitionthroughfireorspark.Fireworksareaanexamplethatiscommonlytransportedbycontainer.

2. Flammablegasses,suchasLPG.3. Flammableliquids,suchasPetrol.4. Fixedflammableproducts,someofwhichmayignitespontaneouslyoreven

throughcontactwithwater.5. Oxidisinggoods,maycombinedwithaflammableproduct,formanexplo-

sivemixture(AmmoniumNitrateisanoxidisingproduct)6. Poisonousgoods,maycausebodilyharmthroughoralintake,inhalationor

skincontact.7. Radioactivegoods8. Corrosivegoodscanaffectotherproductsandcausesevereburnstohu-

mans.Inhalationofthefumesisalsoverydangerous.9. Diversegoods,notclassedinoneoftheabove,butwhichconstitutearisk.

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recognise dangerous (illegal) items:

Bombs, explosives IED (Improvise explosive device)

Anyitem,package,luggage,whichstandsoutorislocatedwhereitdoesnotbelong,shouldbeconsideredassuspect.

Theseobjectswillbeplacednear:- Publicplaces,becausetheyareeasilyaccessibleanddisposingofthepack-

agehaslesschanceofbeingnoticed- Placeswhereamaximumofdamagecanbecaused,nearmessrooms,inthe

vicinityofdangerousgoods

Attheleastdoubt,contactthePFSOforfurtherinstructions.

WhatYoushouldn’tdo:> Stayneartheobject> Useyourcellphone,Walkie-Talkieorothertransmittingdeviceinthevi-

cinityoftheobject.> Touchorremovetheobjecttoanotherlocation

ThePFSOwillalerttheauthorities,whowilltakefurtheractionasappropriate.MakesurethatYouarefamiliarwiththefacility’sevacuationprocedures.

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Weapons

WithintheEU,lawsandregulationsconcerningthecarriageofweaponsisverystrict.Formostweapons,alicenseisneededtoowntheweapon.Some(automatic)weaponsaredefinitelyforbidden.InmostEUcountriesonlythepolice,themilitaryandsomeprivatesecurity(moneytransport)areallowedtocarryaweapon.AskyourPFSOwhichlawsareapplicable.People,notbelongingtooneoftheabove,maybeassumedtoposeathreat.

Weaponsinclude:- Firearms,automaticweapons,handguns…- Knives,daggers,throwingstars…..- Explosives(grenades..)

wHicH Action cAn you, AS A Port emPloyee, undertAke!

!Know which kind of cargo is a normal commodity in Your facility

! Immediately report suspect items

! Report people carrying forbidden weapons (almost everybody except the police)

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PArT 4/THe PorT FAcIlITy SecurITy PlAn

WhatwillYoureadinthispart:- Thedefinitionofthethreatlevelsandconsequenttherequirements.- TheobjectivesofthePortFacilitySecurityPlan- Meansofcommunication- Whatisyourtask,asaportemployee,intheport.

The definition of the threat levels and consequent requirements:

• Security level 1:meansthelevelforwhichminimumappropriateprotec-tivesecuritymeasuresshallbemaintainedatalltimes.

• Security level 2:meansthelevelforwhichappropriateadditionalprotec-tivesecuritymeasuresshallbemaintainedforaperiodoftimeasaresultofheightenedriskofasecurityincident.

• Security level 3:meansthelevelforwhichfurtherspecificprotective

securitymeasuresshallbemaintainedforalimitedperiodoftimewhenasecurityincidentisprobableorimminent,althoughitmaynotbepossibletoidentifythespecifictarget.

Level1isnotintendedtoactuallystopaterrorist,butitwillturnthetarget(Youportfacility)intoahardertarget.Apotentialterroristwillhavetopre-parealotmoreandeventuallyspendmoreintheprocess.Thisincreasestheexposureandthepossibilityofbeingnoticebytheintelligencecommunity.

Level1istheeverydaylevel.ThedecisiontoincreasethelevelistakenbytheNationalAuthorityresponsibleforportfacilitysecurityandportsecurity.Onthreatlevels2and3,thesecurityeffortsaregraduallyincreasedandanactiveparticipationfromtheauthoritiesisincluded.

Thethreethreatlevelsarethecommondenominatorthroughouttheportfacil-itysecurityplan.

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level 1

level 2

level 3

minimum set of fitting security procedures and measures.

Additional security procedures and measures during increased threat.

Strict security measures in case of imminent, concrete threat.

The objectives of the port facility security plan

> Ensurefittingaccesscontrolprocedures> Improveandfollow-upsecurityonthesite> Protectemployeesandvisitors> Protecttheshipsmooredalongside> Protecttheportfacilityandtheequipment> Protectthecargo

ItisimportanttobeawareofthesecuritylevelatwhichYourportfacilityisoperating!

means of communication

Theportfacilityhasthenecessarymeanstoalarmandcommunicateduringanincreasedthreatlevel.

Communicationsystems:> Telephone> Cellphone> E-mail> Signals> Walkie-talkie> Loudhailer(forsmallerfacilities)

! Know the security level of the facility

! Know your tasks at each security level

! If You are unsure about Your tasks or You have a question, contact the PFSO.

While carrying out Your normal tasks, You should be attentive for unusual (suspect) items and/or per-sons at your professional location.

Ensure that the material with which You are working is in a good condi-tion, and that the necessary checks are being carried out.

wHAt iS your tASk, AS A Port emPloyee

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PArT 5/FITTIng SecurITy meASureS

WhatwillYoureadinthispart:- Recognisesuspectbehaviour- Recognisesuspectcontainers- Reportsuspectbehaviourand/orsuspectactivities- Fittingmeasures- Accesscontrol- Securityrounds- Illumination- Evacuation,crowdcontrol- WhatisYourinput,beingactiveintheport

recognise suspect behaviour

Followingelementsmaybeconsideredsuspectbehaviour

> Wideclothingnotappropriatetotheseason/weatherconditions> purposefullyadaptingtheclotheswhenbeing observed> Suspectformswithintheclothing(hiddenweapon)> takingpicturesofthefacility,drawingplans, observing> Aimingtoavoidthesecuritysystem> Aimingtogetaccesstothefacility> Questioningpeopleaboutthesecuritymeasures> Anyactivitywhichdoesnotfitinthenormalprofessionalpatternofthe

area

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recognise suspect containers

Therearealreadyinternationalinitiativesinplacetotracksuspectcontainers,butthisdoesnotmeanthatalertnessissuperfluous.

Youcanhelpbyreportingsuspectcontainersbywatchingfor

> Unusualsmelland/orsounds> Tracesoffoodand/ordomesticrubbishinthevicinity

ofthecontainer> Holesinthecontaineroradhesivetapeonthe container(hidingholes)> Containernumbersthatdoesnotmatchthemanifest> WrongHAZMATlabelforthedeclaredcargo> Sealmissingordamaged

HAZmAt lAbel

Here Here

And/or

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report suspect behaviour and/or suspect activities

Withinportareas,thePFSO’sshouldreportsecurityincidentstotheauthori-ties.Suspectpersonsorcarsnoticedtoday,mayalreadyhavebeennoticedbeforeandgiverisetoestablishingapattern.Properandtimelyinformationbytheportfacilitiesishelpingauthoritiestoidentifyandprosecuteillegalactivities.

WheneverYouareunderwaytoorfromtheportfacility,itmayhappenthatyouobservesomethingsuspect(evenanabandonedcar),reportthistotheauthorities.

Whenindoubtwhileobservingpeoplebehavingsuspiciously,alwaysthinkaboutYourownsafetyfirst.Whenthepersondoesnotbelongonthefacility,alertthesecurityguardsand/orthePFSO.WhenthesituationissafeYoumayinquireabouttheperson’sbusiness.Attheleastsignofunrulinessrefrainfrominsistingandtakeadistance.WhenYouhaveacolleaguenearby,itisgoodpractisetoaskhim/hertoob-servefromsomedistance.

tiP In case it is safe to inquire about the person’s business, remain calm

and ask open ended questions.

Example: - Good Question: Where do you come from?- Bad Question: Are you coming from (name of ship)?

In the bad question, the answer may simply be “yes”, leaving no room for further questions without raising suspicion.

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Fitting measures

Access control> Supervisionofdoorsandgates> Identitychecks> Checkofluggage,toolboxes,...> Reportlostaccessidentificationcards

Security rounds> Supervisiononthekey,warehousingandatship’sberth> Checkremoteplacesonthefacilitywhichmaybehidingplaces> Beclearlypresentandalert

Lighting> Aproperlightingonthewholefacilityisaverygooddeterentforillegal

activity.

evacuation, crowd control

Theportfacilityhasevacuationprocedures> Knowtheemergencyexitsandanalternativeroute> Incaseofalarm,proceedpromptlytoyourallocatedassemblingpoint> Remaincalm,reactpromptlyandhelpsyourcolleagueswhenrequired> Donotreturnunlessclearlyallowedbytheauthoritiesandthefacility’s

management.

wHAt iS your inPut AS A Port emPloyee

!While carrying out Your normal tasks, You should be attentive for unusual (suspect) items and/or persons at your professional location.

!Ensure that the material with which You are working is in a good condition, and that the necessary checks are being carried out.

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Right or wrong:

1. Stowaways,sabotageandterrorismarecommonthreats

inthemaritimeindustry. Y/N

2. Portfacilitiesarepossibleterroristtargets. Y/N

3. Somecargomaybeharmfultopeopleand/ortheenvironment Y/N

4. Terrorismisacriminaloffensewithapoliticalpurpose. Y/N

5. Allportfacilitiesarewellprotectedagainstactsofterrorism. Y/N

6. Criminalsmaygatherinformationbyaskingquestions

andtakingpictures. Y/N

7. Explosivesandpetroleumproductsaredangerous. Y/N

8. Itisadvisablethatyouremoveanysuspectpackage

toasafelocation. Y/N

9. Thesecuritylevelsarethecommondenominator

forthePortFacilitySecurityPlan. Y/N

10.ThePFSPofyourfacilitydescribesthesecurity

tasksandtheresponsibilities. Y/N

11.Youneedtobeawareofthecurrentsecuritylevel. Y/N

12.Incaseofabombthreat,searchoperations

areonlycarriedoutbytheemployees. Y/N

13.Suspectsituationsmaybe,unadaptedclothing,

uncommonactivitiesinthedock. Y/N

14.Containerarealwayssafe,astheyareallinspected. Y/N

15.Yourdiscreetpresenceisanaddedvalueforsecurity. Y/N

16.Yousmellanunusualaroma,almostlikealmonds,

doyoucallthePFSO? Y/N

17.Darknessscaresthieves. Y/N

“Security Awareness” Quiz

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Describe:

confirmAtion “Security AwAreneSS”Ihavereadandunderstoodthe“securityawarenesshandbook”.Ihaveansweredthe20questionscorrectly.

Facility:.........................................................................................

Signatureemployee: date:..................

PFSO: date:..................

18.SecurityLevel1:

19. SecurityLevel2:

20. SecurityLevel3:

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EDITORS Editorial Staff: Rik Verhaegen – Kathy DuaHarbour Master’s Offi ce Safety and SecurityPort of Antwerp2012