PORT CHICAGO MUTINY. 1-Robert Smalls 2-White (no Black CPOs)

PORT CHICAGO MUTINY

1-Robert Smalls

2-White (no Black CPOs)

3-Straight Razor

4-Training Rifle

5-Gunnery, OCS

6-Stewards

• Throughout the history of the United States until the end of World War I, the Navy had enlisted African Americans for general service, but they were barred from joining from 1919 to 1932. From 1893 onwards, African Americans could only join the Navy's Messman's and Steward's branches, which not only segregated African Americans from the rest of the Navy community, but also precluded them from becoming commissioned officers

7-San Francisco, California

8-Stevedore

9-None

10-Half Mile

11-2 months

12-White, Blue

13-Liberty Pass

14-Jeep

15-320 Killed

• 202 BLACK

• 118 WHITE

• 15% OF BLACK NAVAL CASUALTIES IN WWII

16-Damage

17-Taps

18-Compasionate Leave

19-Rough Handling

20-Column Left, March

21-Brig (Jail)

22- Thurgood Marshall (NAACP) sat on court proceedings

23-MUTINY

• 9 AUGUST 1944: WORK STOPPAGE

• 258 IMPRISIONED

• 208 COURTMARTIALED:

LOSS 3 MONTHS PAY,

BAD CONDUCT DISCHARGE

• MUTINEERS: 50

• SENTENCES:8-15 YEARS PRISON, DISHONORABLE DISCHARGE

24

• Though all fifty were granted clemency, forty nine men were never pardoned.

• 23 December 1999, President Clinton pardoned Freddie Meeks of Los Angeles, one of the few still living members of the original 50

• Next slides provide Additional Information on the topic.

USS Mason (Destroyer Escort)

-6 officers, and 150 black enlisted men -1947 all the chief petty officers were black-"Eleanor's Folly," reference to First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, a vocal advocate of desegregation of the armed forces.-White captain, Bill Blackford, affectionately referred to as "Big Bill" by his crew, was the great grandson of abolitionist Mary Berkeley Minor Blackford.

Doris Miller

EXPLOSION:17 JULY 1944

PORT CHICAGO, 30 MILES NORTH OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA

• KILLED: 320: • 202 BLACK, 118 WHITE• 15% OF BLACK NAVAL CASUALTIES

IN WWII• CAUSE:• NAVY: • INCOMPETENCE BY SEAMEN

Port Chicago Mutiny

• 5,000 tons of munitions detonated while being

loaded onto a cargo vessel bound for the Pacific Theater of Operations

• killed 320 sailors and civilians and injuring 390 others

• 202 of the dead were enlisted African-American sailors

• The men that ultimately agreed to return to work were given summary court martials, sentenced to bad conduct discharges and fined three months pay.

AFTER THE WAR

• SENTENCES REDUCED

• TO 2-3 YEARS

• RESULTS:

• STEVEDORE TRAINING

• 1948 INTEGRATION OF THE ARMED FORCES

• 2003: CONVICTIONS STAND

MEMORIAL

USS Mount Hood

• 10 Nov 44• 100+ Dead• Manus Island • (New Guinea)

USS SERPENS

• Destroyed by explosion, 29 Jan 45

• largest single disaster ever suffered by the U.S. Coast Guard

• KILLED: (White)

• 198 SAILORS• 57 SOLDIERS

MEMORIALARLINGTON CEMETERY-1949

Current Wechsler (WAIS–IV, WISC–IV, WPPSI–IV) IQ classification

• IQ Range IQ Classification

• 130 and above Very Superior

• 120–129 Superior

• 110–119 High Average

• 90–109 Average

• 80–89 Low Average

• 70–79 Borderline

• 69 and below Extremely Low

http://archives.starbulletin.com/2000/04/29/editorial/special.html

• Which leads us naturally to the oft-repeated caveat that no Japanese in Hawaii ever committed sabotage or espionage during the war. Is that really saying that Japanese Americans were physically, emotionally or intellectually incapable of such acts? Is it just as racist to whitewash an entire race as it is to tar one? Fact: Imperial Japanese aviators and submariners were given the addresses of "safe houses" in Hawaii should they have to escape, such as that of Dr. Yokichi Uyehara of Pearl City. Japanese-American taxi driver John Mikuma was the designated driver and in-house naval expert for visiting Japanese spies. Giichiro Uyeno of Kailua was killed in the summer of 1942, caught in the act of signalling Japanese submarines. And Japanese-American Yoshio Harada helped downed Imperial Navy aviator Shigenori Nishikaichi attempt to murder Harada's Hawaiian neighbors on Niihau. Rather than face the consequences, Harada killed himself when he was caught. Reaction: This is one piece of modern propaganda that is too self-serving to go away.

• http://uniform-reference.net/insignia/usn/usn_ww2_enlisted.html