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Port and Harbor Engineering
Radianta TriatmadjaLecture note 5
Basin Design
Basin DesignResume of the 4th Lecture
Tidal constants
n
ii
ii T
tA1
2cos
Amplitude
Phase
Period
Phase : change with time and place
Amplitude : change with location but not with time
Period : Doesn’t change with time and location
N = 200, 9 are normally used
Most ImportantTidal Constants
• S2 • M2• O1• K1
MWL = Mean Water LevelHWL = High Water LevelLWL = Low Water LevelCDL = Chart Datum LevelCDL = MWL-Amplitude of (S2+M2+O1+K1)
40.Air Pelayaran Sebelah Barat Surabaya (Karang Jamuang)
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Time
Elev
asi
An Example of Water level Fluctuation
hours
dm
NeapSpring
Tidal Constant
Main lunar semi-diurnal componentMain Solar semi-diurnal componentLunar component due to monthly variation in moon’s distance from earth
Soli-lunar constituent due to changes in declination of sun and moon throughout their orbital cycle
Soli-lunar componentMain lunar diurnal componentMain solar diurnal component
Moon’s biweekly component
12.4212.0012.66
11.97
23,9325.8224.07
327.86
M2S2N2
K2
K1O1P1
123
4
56 7
8
Semi diurnal
Diurnal
Long period
RemarkPeriod(hrs)
Symbol
NoType of Tides
Ship : 8000 DWT
MSL = 0,0 ; Amplitude of S1 = 0.2; M2 = 0.3, O1 = 0.4 ; K1 =0.6.
Dredging 0.5; Sounding tolerance = 0.5, Sediment = 0.5 m
Volume of Dredging ?
CDL = 0.0- (0.2+0.3+0.4+0.6) = - 1.50 m
Draft = 8.0 m
Basin Depth = 8.0x 1.14= 9.1 m
Depth required for dredging = 9.1+1.5=10.6 m
Bottom level = -1.50 -10.6 = -12.10 m
Example
-2
-4
-6
-10
-15
-20
-0
Ship : 8000 DWT (2 ships maximum at a time) 1000 DWT (12 Ships at a time)
MSL = 0,0 ; Amplitude of S1 = 0.2; M2 = 0.3, O1 = 0.4 ; K1 =0.6
Volume of Dredging ?
1500 m
1000 m
200 m
Harbor
Size of Basin
Basin area should accommodate:• Space for Berthing (loading & unloading)• Space for ships anchored • Space for ships maneuver (Waterway
should be clear all time)
Size of Wharf and area of berthPassenger ships
1.22280230300001.21240198200001.23220179150001.23190154100001.2017014280001.2515012050001.211209930001.14100882000
LOB/LOALength Of Berth
Length of Ship (LOA)
Size (GT)
Average LOB/LOA = 1.21
Size of Wharf and area of berthCargo Ships
1.273302591000001.30280216500001.29240186300001.24170137100001.2716012680001.1913010950001.201109230001.2580641000
LOB/LOALength Of Berth
Length of Ship (LOA)
Size (DWT)
Average LOB/LOA = 1.25
Wharf and Pier
LOA LOA
LOB
Wharf and Pier
LOALOB
Example
• After some analysis it was found that the wharf should be able to serve 3 passanger ships at the same time. All of them are 3000 GT. How long is the total Wharf length?
Answer :According to table >> Each ships should
have 120 meter of berth. The total berthing space is 360 meters.
Area of Basin for Anchorage
L+4 D +145 mWind Velocity 30m/s
L+3 D +90 mWind Velocity 20m/sMooring during Storm
L+4.5D +25 mBad anchoring
L+4.5D Good anchoringMooring with 2 Anchors
L+6D+30 mBad anchoring
L +6DGood anchoringSwinging mooring
Offshore waiting or Cargo handling
RadiusSea bed, Soil, or Wind
Mooring TypeObjective
Area of Basin for Ship Maneuvering
Turning Basin• At least equals the area of circle with R
=1.5 L
Calmness of the Basin
0.7 ~ 1.5Very Large Vessel(> 50 000 GT)
0.5 meterIntermediate and Large Vessels
0.3 meterSmall Vessel( < 500 GT)
Maximum Wave Height (H33)
Size of Ship
Example
• The amplitude of M2, S2, O1 and K1 are 0.5 m, 0.3 m, 0.1 m and 0.2 m respectively.
What is the quay wall crown level for large ships?
Length of Berth
5015)1( nnLL OAPeLd P 2
)2/(3 edAb
ed
15 m 25 m
Lp
Size of Wharf and area of berthPassenger ships (one)
280240220190170150120100
Length Of Berth(OCDI)
1.0280230300000.96248198200000.96229179150000.93204154100000.8819214280000.8817012050000.801499930000.75133882000
LOB/LOA(OCDI/BT)
Length Of Berth(BT)
Length of Ship (LOA)
Size (GT)
Size of Wharf and area of berthPassenger ships (three ships)
840720660570510450360300
Length Of Berth
1.22770230300001.21674198200001.23617179150001.23542154100001.2050614280001.2544012050001.213779930001.14344882000
LOB/LOALength Of Berth (BT)
Length of Ship (LOA)
Size (GT)
0100200300400
500600700800900
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000
Gross Ton
Berth Length
OCDI
Example of Wharf
Crown Height of QuayWallsAbove HWL
0.5 ~ 1.5 m0.3 ~ 1.0 mFor Small ship (Draft < 4.5 m)
1.0 ~ 2.0 m0.5 ~ 1.5 mFor Large Ship (Draft > 4.5 m)
Tidal Range < 3.0 meter
Tidal Range >=3.0 meter
Crown Elevation
Problems of Appron Elevation
Floating Wharf
Width of Pier
LOALOB
B
Small Pier
Office Office
Small Passenger pier
Office
Water depth sufficient no dredging required
Space beteween ships35 – 50 m