LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF Jonas Žiauka Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Institute of Forestry Populus breeding and cultivation studies in Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry
LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
Jonas Žiauka
Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry
Institute of Forestry
Populus breeding and cultivation studies in
Lithuanian Research Centre for
Agriculture and Forestry
LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
2 Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture
and Forestry (LRCAF) – since 2010
LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
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LRCAF Institute of Forestry
Girionys, Kaunas District
Kaunas
Vilnius
Forests in Lithuania: 2.18 million ha (33.5% of the country’s territory)
LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
Departments of the Institute of Forestry
• Silviculture department;
• Ecology department;
• Forest tree genetics and breeding department
(research scientists: V. Baliuckas, A. Pliūra);
• Forest protection and game management department;
• Forest resources, economics and policy department;
• Forest plant biotechnology laboratory (research
scientists: S. Kuusienė, J. Žiauka, A. Gradeckas).
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LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
Role of LRCAF Institute of
Forestry in hybrid aspen
breeding and cultivation
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LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
Forest stands area by dominant tree species (2015)
Increase of
European aspen
(Populus tremula)
stands in Lithuania
Native Populus tremula in Lithuanian forests
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LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
Institute of Forestry is making genetic research of aspen
populations in Lithuania. Three provenance regions for Populus
tremula were determined. Also, the best aspen trees for further
crosses and progeny field trials are being selected.
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LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
After some test crosses between Populus tremula and two
other species of the genus (Populus alba and P. tremuloides),
the first hybrid aspen test fields were established in 1968 by Dr.
Murkaitė and her team.
History of hybrid aspen breeding in Lithuania
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Second series of crosses was made by
Dr. Pliūra in 1982. The same Populus
species were used (P. tremula, P.
tremuloides, P. alba), but the number of
trees was extended and more genetic
parameters were extracted.
LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
Year
of est.
Area, ha Crossings No. of
selected
trees
1. 1983 2.0 Populus tremuloides × P. tremula 8
2. 1984 0.8 P. tremula × P. alba, P. tremula × P.
canescens, P. tremuloides × P. tremula
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3. 1968 0.4 P. tremuloides × P. tremula, P. tremuloides ×
P. alba, P. tremula × P. alba, P. alba × P.
tremula
5
4. 1968 0.4 P. tremuloides × P. tremula, P. alba × P.
tremula
5
5. 1968 0.6 P. tremuloides × P. tremula, P. tremula × P.
alba, P. alba × P. tremula
5
6. 1983 2.8 P. tremuloides × P. tremula, P. alba × P.
tremula
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In total: 35
First hybrid aspen test trials in Lithuania that served
as a basis for further breeding experiments (authors: Dr. Murkaitė – 1968; Dr. Pliūra – 1983-1984)
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LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
Aptvaras
Hibr drebule
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Hybrid aspen (Populus
tremuloides × P. tremula) test
field No. 1 (established in 1983)
Hybrid aspen (Populus tremuloides
× P. tremula and P. alba × P.
tremula ) test field No. 4
(established in 1968)
LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
Future plans of LARCF Institute of Forestry in
relation to aspen breeding:
• To select best phenotypes in progeny test plantations of
aspen hybrids and to establish collection of best performing
parental trees
• To find the least susceptible trees for Phellinus tremulae,
which is known to be the major pathogen that causes stem rot
in this species.
•To propagate selected trees by in vitro culture
• To establish clonal test trials of best phenotypes
•To test best trees for short rotation plantations
•To establish clonal trials of cultivars obtained from crossings
among poplars P. trichocarpa, P. nigra, and P. deltoides and
to compare their performance to that of aspen hybrids.
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LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
Aspen and its hybrids – model species in the
work of Forest Plant Biotechnology Laboratory
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LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
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Forest Plant Biotechnology Laboratory
(Started in 2001 as Laboratory of Molecular Genetics
and Biotechnology)
Research directions:
• characterization of forest plant genetic diversity by
DNA techniques;
• research of forest tree embryogenesis and
organogenesis in tissue culture;
• evaluation of growth regulators’ influence on plant
development;
• development of cloning technologies and bringing
them into operation for forest tree multiplication
programmes.
LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
Laboratory’s contribution to hybrid aspen breeding and cultivation
1. Molecular (DNA analysis) methods for
genetic research
Also used for the identity control of clones
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LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
Laboratory’s contribution to hybrid aspen breeding and cultivation
2. In vitro propagation of selected trees through
microshoot culture
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LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
Mass production of hybrid aspen clones in cooperation
with joint-stock company Euromediena (2009-2014)
Sterile microshoot culture
3 weeks
Acclimatization / rooting
2-4 weeks
Green-house Containers in the nursery
3 months
Clonal plantation
In ~6 months
2-3 weeks
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LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
Laboratory’s contribution to hybrid aspen breeding and cultivation
3. Investigation of plant hormone effects in different
Populus genotypes and under different culture conditions
DPL037
(asp.) DPL038
(asp.)
DF1001
(hybr. asp.)
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Example: study on gibberellin (GA4/7)
effects on shoot multiplication
LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
Laboratory’s contribution to hybrid aspen breeding and cultivation
4. Manipulation with artificial environment conditions in
order to obtain increased shoot multiplication on hormone-
free medium
Published research articles:
Žiauka J., Kuusienė S., Šilininkas M. (2013) Fast
growing aspens in the development of a plant
micropropagation system based on plant-produced
ethylene action. Biomass and Bioenergy 53: 20-28.
Žiauka J., Kuusienė S. (2014) Multiplication and
growth of hybrid poplar (Populus alba × P. tremula)
shoots on a hormone-free medium. Acta Biologica
Hungarica 65: 346-354.
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LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
Laboratory’s contribution to hybrid aspen breeding and cultivation
5. Searching for methods to increase viability and growth
of hybrid aspen plants during ex vitro adaptation
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LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
6. Production of new aspen hybrids under laboratory
conditions, using previously selected hybrid trees
1. Fertilization under controlled conditions
2. Cultivation
of isolated
ovaries in vitro
3. Primary
testing of the
offspring in in
vitro culture
4. Testing of the offspring
in the field
Laboratory’s contribution to hybrid aspen breeding and cultivation 20
LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
Results in the already established
field trials (2008; combination:
(Populus tremuloides × P. tremula)
× (P. alba × P. tremula); 500
hybrid seedlings from in vitro
culture) showed that newly
obtained hybrids have huge
phenotypic differences among
themselves and provide a
possibility to select new trees with
particularly good quality.
Best 8 (10)-year-old individual:
height – 12.7 (16.6) m ; stem
diameter – 20.2 (22.8) cm.
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LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
No. 1 (P.tr.) No. 2 (P.tr.) No. 3
(P.tremuloides
x P.tr.)
No. 4 (P.alba x
P.tr.)
Le
ng
th, m
m
Shoot length
Root length
Different Populus genotypes have different
shoot to root ratio during in vitro culture
Experiment with shoot explants of four
genotypes on the hormone-free medium
Populus alba × P.
tremula hybrid is
different is this
aspect both from
aspen and hybrid
aspen
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LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
Laboratory’s contribution to hybrid aspen breeding and cultivation
7. Research of hybrid aspen-associated bacteria and
their contribution to plant development
Paenibacillus sp. – increasing
aspen root formation
** *
0
0,4
0,8
1,2
1,6
2
2,4
2,8
2 sav. 4 sav. 6 sav.
Ro
ot
nu
mb
er
per e
xp
lan
t
Time after inoculation (in weeks)
Kontrolė
Bakterija 1
Bakterija 2
**
**
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LAMMC MIŠKŲ INSTITUTAS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LRCAF
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!