2008 WORLD POPULATION inform empower advance Population Reference Bureau Data Sheet prb.org AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA NORTHERN AFRICA ALGERIA EGYPT LIBYA MOROCCO SUDAN TUNISIA WESTERN SAHARA WESTERN AFRICA BENIN BURKINA FASO CAPE VERDE CÔTE D’IVOIRE GAMBIA GHANA GUINEA GUINEA–BISSAU LIBERIA MALI MAURITANIA NIGER NIGERIA SENEGAL SIERRA LEONE TOGO EASTERN AFRICA BURUNDI COMOROS DJIBOUTI ERITREA ETHIOPIA KENYA MADAGASCAR MALAWI MAURITIUS MAYOTTE MOZAMBIQUE REUNION RWANDA SEYCHELLES SOMALIA TANZANIA UGANDA ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE MIDDLE AFRICA ANGOLA CAMEROON CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CHAD CONGO CONGO, DEM. REP. OF EQUATORIAL GUINEA GABON SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE SOUTHERN AFRICA BOTSWANA LESOTHO NAMIBIA SOUTH AFRICA SWAZILAND NORTHERN AMERICA CANADA UNITED STATES LATIN AMERICA/CARIBBEAN CENTRAL AMERICA BELIZE COSTA RICA EL SALVADOR GUATEMALA HONDURAS MEXICO NICARAGUA PANAMA CARIBBEAN ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA BAHAMAS BARBADOS CUBA DOMINICA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC GRENADA GUADELOUPE HAITI JAMAICA MARTINIQUE NETHERLANDS ANTILLES PUERTO RICO ST. KITTS–NEVIS SAINT LUCIA ST. VINCENT & THE GRENADINES TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO SOUTH AMERICA ARGENTINA BOLIVIA BRAZIL CHILE COLOMBIA ECUADOR FRENCH GUIANA GUYANA PARAGUAY PERU SURINAME URUGUAY VENEZUELA ASIA WESTERN ASIA ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN BAHRAIN CYPRUS GEORGIA IRAQ ISRAEL JORDAN KUWAIT LEBANON OMAN PALESTINIAN TERRITORY QATAR SAUDI ARABIA SYRIA TURKEY UNITED ARAB EMIRATES YEMEN SOUTH CENTRAL ASIA AFGHANISTAN BANGLADESH BHUTAN INDIA IRAN KAZAKHSTAN KYRGYZSTAN MALDIVES NEPAL PAKISTAN SRI LANKA TAJIKISTAN TURKMENISTAN UZBEKISTAN SOUTHEAST ASIA BRUNEI CAMBODIA EAST TIMOR INDONESIA LAOS MALAYSIA MYANMAR PHILIPPINES SINGAPORE THAILAND VIETNAM EAST ASIA CHINA CHINA, HONG KON CHINA, MACAO JAPAN KOREA, NORTH KOREA, SOUTH MONGOLIA TAIWAN EUROPE NORTHERN EUROPE CHANNEL ISLANDS DENMARK ESTONIA FINLAND ICELAND IRELAND LATVIA LITHUANIA NORWAY SWEDEN UNITED KINGDOM WESTERN EUROPE AUSTRIA BELGIUM FRANCE GERMANY LIECHTENSTEIN LUXEMBOURG MONACO NETHERLANDS SWITZERLAND EASTERN EUROPE BELARUS BULGARIA CZECH REPUBLIC HUNGARY MOLDOVA POLAND ROMANIA RUSSIA SLOVAKIA UKRAINE SOUTHERN EUROPE ALBANIA ANDORRA BOSNIA–HERZEGOVINA CROATIA GREECE ITALY MACEDONIA MALTA MONTENEGRO PORTUGAL SAN MARINO SERBIA SLOVENIA SPAIN OCEANIA AUSTRALIA FED. STATES OF MICRONESIA FIJI FRENCH POLYNESIA GUAM KIRIBATI MARSHALL ISLANDS NAURU NEW CALEDONIA NEW ZEALAND PALAU PAPUA NEW GUINEA SAMOA SOLOMON ISLANDS TONGA TUVALU VANUATU
16
Embed
Population Reference Bureau 2008 WORLD POP ULATION
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
2008 WORLDPOPULATION
inform empower advance
Population Reference Bureau
Data Sheet
prb.org
AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA NORTHERN AFRICA ALGERIA EGYPT LIBYA MOROCCO SUDAN TUNISIA WESTERN SAHARA WESTERN AFRICA BENIN
World PoPulation HigHligHtsAfrica and Other Developing Regions Make Up an Increasing Share of World Population.As world population has risen from 2.5 billion in 1950 to 6.7 billion in 2008, the proportion living in the developing coun-tries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean has expanded from 68 percent to more than 80 percent. India and China, with a billion-plus each in 2008, make up about 37 percent of the total. Projec-tions for 2050 show this shift to developing countries con-tinuing. The share living in the more developed countries is projected to drop from about 18 percent in 2008 to less than 14 percent in 2050. Africa’s population, currently growing faster than any other major region, is projected to account for 21 percent of world popula-tion by 2050, up from just 9 percent in 1950.
Source: UN Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision, Medium Variant (2007).
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
India
China
Africa
Other less developed countries
More developed countries
Population (billions)
1950 1970 20101990 2030 2050
There Has Been Little Improvement in Maternal Mortality in Developing Countries.A maternal death related to pregnancy or childbirth is a rare event in more developed countries: Just 9 women died for every 100,000 births in these countries in 2005, according to new estimates from the World Health Organization, UNICEF, the UN Population Fund, and the World Bank. But the ratio of maternal deaths to births is shockingly high in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Even more worrisome, there has been little improve-ment over the past 15 years in developing regions as a whole, despite concerted efforts to improve mothers’ health. Pub-lic health experts emphasize the importance of prenatal care and skilled medical assistance during childbirth, including the availability of emergency care to deal with complica-tions. Such health care is often lacking in countries with poor infrastructure and inadequate health facilities.
Source: World Health Organiza-tion et al., Maternal Mortality in 2005 (2006; www.who.int, accessed May 1, 2008).
World PoPulation HigHligHtsRegional Patterns of Fertility Support Continued World Population Growth.While Europeans opt to have one or two children at most, sub-Saharan Africans have more than five children, on average, and Asians have between two and three. There are clear regional patterns of low or high fertility, but there is also wide variation within some regions. South Africa’s rates are well below those of its neighbors, for example, while Bolivia’s fertility is above the level in other South American countries. In the Middle East, Iran stands out as having low fertility, a contrast to much higher rates in Iraq and Yemen. In Asia, China’s below-2-child fertility rate dominates the region statisti-cally, but fertility remains high in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Laos.
Notable Decline in Some Countries, Not in Others.The last quarter century has seen significant drops in fertility among developing countries. In Bangladesh, the total fertility rate dropped from 6.7 lifetime births per woman in the early 1950s to 2.7 in 2008, aided by a strong government commitment to population policies and successful community-based family planning programs. Fertility also fell dramatically in Guatemala, from 7.0 to 4.4 children per woman, over the period. Mexico saw an even more impressive decline, as that country developed economically and embraced the idea of smaller families. Ethiopia, Niger, and Uganda show much more modest declines, helping explain why Africa’s population growth continues to outstrip that in other regions.
Note: The total fertility rate measures the total number of children a woman would have given current birth rates.SourceS: UN Population Division and Population Reference Bureau.
6.9 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.56.2
2.72.72.3
7.1 7.0
4.4
7.1
8.18.2
5.3
Total fertility rate
around 2005
1950-1955
South AfricaMexicoBangladeshUgandaGuatemalaEthiopiaNigerYemen
Around 20081950 –1955
Note: The total fertility rate measures the total number of children a woman would have given current birth rates.Source: C. Haub and M.M. Kent, 2008 World Population Data Sheet.
Total fertility rate around 2008
Fewer than 1.5 births per woman1.5 to 2.1 births per woman2.2 to 2.9 births per woman3.0 to 4.9 births per woman5.0 or more births per woman
Most Urbanites Live in Towns and Villages, Not Large Cities.While about one-half of the world lives in urban areas, the vast majority of these urbanites reside in small towns and villages, not large modern cities. Just 37 percent of urban dwellers live in cities with 1 million or more residents, and just 8 percent are in megacities of 10 million or more.
Source: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision (2008; Cd-roM).
Urban popluation by size of urban area, 2005
Fewer than 500,000
52%500,000 to 0.9 million
10%
1 million to 4.9 million
22%
5 million to 9.9 million
7%
10 million or more
8%
The Urban Population Is Now a Majority in Many of the Largest Countries.The world will pass a milestone in 2008: One-half of the world’s residents will live in urban areas. This event is impressive when we consider that less than 30 percent lived in urban areas in 1950. Less than 15 percent were urban in Nigeria and China in 1950, and just slightly more in India. But while the urban share in these countries showed impressive increases, it is also somewhat surprising how rural they still are. India, known for its megacities of Mumbai, Kolkata, and Delhi, is very much a rural country. Less than 30 percent live in urban areas.
Source: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision (2008; CD-ROM).
World PoPulation HigHligHtsMother’s Education Is Key to Children’s Nutritional Status.Long-term malnutrition among children can result in stunting, a failure to reach the biological potential for growth, and an especially low height for their age. Stunting has been associated with lower IQs and fewer years in school for children, and lower productivity and incomes for adults. Efforts to combat stunting focus on fetal development and the first two years of a child’s life, after which the damage may be irreversible. In most countries, children with less-educated mothers are much more likely to become stunted than those with more-educated mothers. In Nigeria, nearly one-half, and in India, nearly 60 percent of the children whose mothers had no education were stunted. The children of more-educated mothers tend to fare much better, but not everywhere. In Madagascar, for example, stunting was surprisingly high even among children of more-educated mothers.
* Children under age 5.Note: Stunting occurs when a child’s height at a given age is below international standards for normal development.Source: Demographic and Health Surveys (www.measuredhs.com).
Senegal2005
Egypt2005
Colombia2005
Haiti2005
Cambodia2005
Nigeria2003
Madagascar2003–2004
India*2005–2006
Percent of children under age 3 who are stunted, by mother’s education
57
47 47
39
2220 19
108
3028
23
17 17
5
36
Secondary or higherNo education
See Notes on page 14.
Population mid-2008 (millions)
Births per 1,000
Population
Deaths per 1,000
Population
Rate ofNaturalIncrease
(%)
NetMigration
Rateper 1,000Population mid–2025 mid–2050
Projected Population
Change2008–2050
(%)
InfantMortality
Ratea
A Woman’s Lifetime Risk of
Dying From Maternal
Causes, 1 in:
Total Fertilty Rateb
Demographic Data anD estimates for the countries anD regions of the WorlD
NOTES a Infant deaths per 1,000 live births. Rates
shown with decimals indicate national statistics reported as completely registered, while those without are estimates from the sources cited on reverse. Rates shown in italics are based upon fewer than 50 annual infant deaths and, as a result, are subject to considerable yearly variability.
b Average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime.
c Data are from national surveys taken in 2003 and 2007.
d For the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the estimated range is 1.2 to 1.5 for both 2001 and 2007.
e Special Administrative Region. f Kosovo declared independence from Serbia
on Feb. 17, 2008. Serbia has not recognized Kosovo’s independence.
g The former Yugoslav Republic. h Includes Kosovo. (—) Indicates data unavailable or inapplicable.
AcknowledgmentsThe authors gratefully acknowledge the valuable assistance of PRB staff members Donna Clifton, Jennay Ghowrwal, Zuali Malsawma, and Kelvin Pollard; staff of the International Programs Center of the U.S. Census Bureau; the United Nations (UN) Population Division; the Institut national d’etudes démographiques (INED), Paris; and the World Bank in the preparation of this year’s World Population Data Sheet. This publication is funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the U.S. Agency for International Development (Cooperative Agreement GPO-A-oo-o3-oooo4-oo), and supporters. The information in this Data Sheet was not provided by and does not represent the views of the United States government or the U.S. Agency for International Development.
NotesThe Data Sheet lists all geopolitical entities with popula-tions of 150,000 or more and all members of the UN. These include sovereign states, dependencies, overseas departments, and some territories whose status or boundaries may be undetermined or in dispute. More developed regions, following the UN classification, com-prise all of Europe and North America, plus Australia, Japan, and New Zealand. All other regions and countries are classified as less developed. The least developed countries consist of 50 countries with especially low incomes, high economic vulnerability, and poor human development indicators. The criteria and list of countries, as defined by the United Nations, can be found at www.unohrlls.org/en/ldc/.
Sub-Saharan Africa: All countries of Africa except the northern African countries of Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, and Western Sahara.
World and Regional Totals: Regional population totals are independently rounded and include small countries or areas not shown. Regional and world rates and per-centages are weighted averages of countries for which data are available; regional averages are shown when data or estimates are available for at least three-quarters of the region’s population.
World Population Data Sheets from different years should not be used as a time series. Fluctuations in values from year to year often reflect revisions based on new data or estimates rather than actual changes in levels. Additional information on likely trends and consistent time series can be obtained from PRB, and are also avail-able in UN and U.S. Census Bureau publications.
SourcesThe rates and figures are primarily compiled from the following sources: official country statistical yearbooks, bulletins, and websites; United Nations Demographic Yearbook, 2005 of the UN Statistics Division; World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision of the UN Population Division; Recent Demographic Developments in Europe, 2005 of the Council of Europe; and the International Data Base and library resources of the International Programs Center, U.S. Census Bureau. Other sources include recent demographic surveys such as the Demographic and Health Surveys, Reproductive Health Surveys, special studies, and direct communica-tion with demographers and statistical bureaus in the United States and abroad. Specific data sources may be obtained by contacting the authors of the 2008 World Population Data Sheet.
For countries with complete registration of births and deaths, rates are those most recently reported. For more developed countries, nearly all vital rates refer to 2007 or 2006.
DefinitionsMid-2008 PopulationEstimates are based on a recent census, official national data, or PRB, UN, and U.S. Census Bureau projections. The effects of refugee movements, large numbers of foreign workers, and population shifts due to contemporary political events are taken into account to the extent possible.
Birth and Death RateThe annual number of births and deaths per 1,000 total population. These rates are often referred to as “crude rates” since they do not take a population’s age structure into account. Thus, crude death rates in more developed countries, with a relatively large proportion of high-mortality older population, are often higher than those in less developed countries with lower life expectancy.
Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)The birth rate minus the death rate, implying the annual rate of population growth without regard for migration. Expressed as a percentage.
Net MigrationThe estimated rate of net immigration (immigration minus emigration) per 1,000 population for a recent year based upon the official national rate or derived as a residual from estimated birth, death, and population growth rates. Migration rates can vary substantially from year to year for any particular country as well as the definition of an immigrant.
Projected Population 2025 and 2050Projected populations based upon reasonable assump-tions on the future course of fertility, mortality, and migration. Projections are based upon official country projections, series issued by the UN or the U.S. Census Bureau, or PRB projections.
Infant Mortality RateThe annual number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births. Rates shown with decimals indicate national statistics reported as completely registered, while those without are estimates from the sources cited above. Rates shown in italics are based upon fewer than 50 annual infant deaths and, as a result, are subject to considerable yearly variability.
Lifetime Risk of Maternal Death, 2005The chance of a woman dying during her lifetime from a pregnancy-related cause. Data are from Maternal Mortality in 2005, Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and the World Bank. Some regional averages were calcu-lated by PRB.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)The average number of children a woman would have assuming that current age-specific birth rates remain constant throughout her childbearing years (usually considered to be ages 15 to 49).
Population Under Age 15/Age 65+The percentage of the total population in these ages, which are often considered the “dependent ages.”
Life Expectancy at BirthThe average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live under current mortality levels.
Percent UrbanPercentage of the total population living in areas termed “urban” by that country. Countries define urban in many different ways, from population centers of 100 or more dwellings to only the population living in national and provincial capitals.
Percent of Population Living in Urban Agglomerations of 750,000 or More, 2005Data are from the UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects, 2007, accessed online at http://esa.un.org/unup.
Percent of Adult Population Ages 15 to 49 With HIV/AIDSThe estimated percentage of adults living with HIV/AIDS in 2001 and 2007 by UNAIDS, 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, accessed at www.unaids.org. Some regional averages were calculated by PRB.
Contraceptive UseThe percentage of currently married or “in-union” women of reproductive age who are currently using any form of contraception. “Modern” methods include clinic and sup-ply methods such as the pill, IUD, condom, and steriliza-tion. Data are from the most recently available national-level surveys, such as Demographic and Health Surveys,
Reproductive Health Surveys, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, regional survey programs, national surveys, the UN Population Division World Contraceptive Use 2007, and the International Data Base of the U.S. Census Bureau. For more developed countries, data refer to some point in the 1990s and early 2000s; and for less developed countries, from 1995. Data prior to 2002 are shown in italics.
Percent of Population Undernourished, 2002–2004Undernourishment refers to the condition of people whose dietary energy consumption is continuously below a minimum dietary energy requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity. Data are from the Statistics Division of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, accessed at www.fao.org/es/ess/faostat/foodsecurity/Files/PrevalenceUndernourishment_en.xls.
Motor Vehicles in Use per 1,000 Population, 2000–2005Includes motorized vehicles of all types and for all purposes. Data are from the Transport Statistics Division of the UN and taken from the UN Population Division, Urban Population, Development and the Environment, 2007. Data refer to entire national populations.
Population Using Improved Drinking Water Sources, 2006Data are from the World Health Organization and UNICEF, accessed at http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/. Data in italics are for a prior year.
GNI PPP per Capita, 2007 (US$)GNI PPP per capita is gross national income in purchasing power parity (PPP) divided by midyear population. GNI PPP refers to gross national income converted to “international” dollars using a purchasing power parity conversion factor. International dollars indicate the amount of goods and services one could buy in the United States with a given amount of money. Data are from the World Bank. Figures in italics are for 2005 or 2006.
Acknowledgments, Notes, Sources, and Definitions
For a full list of PRB publications available in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, and Portuguese, go to PRB’s online store at www.prb.org.
To order PRB publications (discounts available for bulk orders):
the population reference Bureau informs people around the
world about population, health, and the environment, and empowers them to use that
information to advance the well-being of current and future generations.
PrB’s World Population Data Sheet is used around the world and is widely considered to be the most accurate source of information on population. if you value the Data Sheet and are among the tens of thousands of people who eagerly anticipate its publication each year, please consider making a contribution to PrB. Your donation will help ensure that PrB can maintain its commitment to keeping the Data Sheet as affordable as possible. Visit our website to donate now: www.prb.org.
PrB informs people around the world and in the united states about issues related to population, health, and the environment. to do this, we transform technical data and research into accurate, easy-to-understand information.
Innovative Tools. PrB’s wallcharts, includ-ing the World Population Data Sheet and the Map of Persistent Child Poverty in the U.S., are searchable via our dataFinder web tool and make accurate demographic information accessible to a wide audience.
Influential Reports. Health workers in the developing world use PrB’s report on cervical cancer prevention, created in collaboration with the global health nonprofit PatH, to design successful screening programs. PrB and the russell sage Foundation published The American People: Census 2000, 14 reports that describe america in the year 2000.
Unbiased Policy Analysis. For more than 20 years, PrB has hosted a monthly seminar series focused on the policy implications of population issues including the color line in american society and HiV/aids in india.
Online Resources. PrB’s website offers full text of all PrB publications, including our respected Population Bulletins and web-exclusive data and analysis on world issues ranging from aging to family planning. our Center for Public information on Population research puts new population research find-ings into context for journalists and policy-makers.
PrB empowers people—researchers, journal-ists, policymakers, and educators—to use information about population, health, and the environment to encourage action.
information alone can be powerful. Fre-quently, however, people have knowledge but lack the tools needed to communicate it effec-tively to decisionmakers. PrB builds coali-tions and conducts trainings in the united states and throughout the developing world to share techniques to inform policy.
Journalist Networks. since 1996, PrB has shared techniques for fact-based, reproduc-tive health reporting with a network of West african editors. the Pop’Médiafrique pro-gram, one of several PrB journalist networks, has improved news coverage and increased demand for family planning in the region.
Policy Communications Training. PrB has trained more than 700 advocates, health pro-fessionals, and government workers in asia, africa, and latin america. For example, par-ticipants in a workshop in Madagascar learned how to develop a fact sheet for policymakers to explain the complex links between population, health, and the environment.
Data Workshops. PrB’s data workshops assist the annie E. Casey Foundation’s Kids Count network in using vital data about the status of children in the united states. Workshop participants take away the knowledge needed to access data about their particular state and communicate with policymakers.
PrB works to advance the well-being of cur-rent and future generations. toward that end, we analyze data and research, disseminate information, and empower people to use that information in order to inform policymaking.
While the numbers of publications created or workshops conducted are one way to mea-sure PrB’s work, the creation of evidence-based policies, increased demand for health services, and active coalitions are better gauges of progress toward positive social change.
Evidence-Based Policies. PrB provides analysis for the KIDS COUNT Data Book, an annual report card on the well-being of chil-dren and families in the united states, that has helped promote the passage of several u.s. policies, including the state Children’s Health insurance Program.
Increased Demand for Health Services. infor-mation broadcast by women radio journalists who attended PrB’s reproductive health work-shop in senegal has increased local demand for family planning and health services.
Active Coalitions. PrB worked with local groups in the Philippines to establish a national coalition that helps decisionmak-ers understand the impact of population on the environment through events such as an international Earth day celebration near the endangered Pasig river in Manila.