Population genetics is all about gene frequencies Evolution = a change in gene frequencies No change = genetic equilibrium = absence of evolution.

Page 1 <img data-url='document/population-genetics-is-all-about-gene-frequencies-evolution-a-change-in-gene.html?page=1' data-page='1' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 1: Population genetics is all about gene frequencies Evolution = a change in gene frequencies No change = genetic equilibrium = absence of evolution.' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader036.cupdf.com/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649d595503460f94a39a24/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Population genetics is all about gene frequencies

Evolution = a change in gene frequenciesNo change = genetic equilibrium = absence of evolution

Page 2 <img data-url='document/population-genetics-is-all-about-gene-frequencies-evolution-a-change-in-gene.html?page=2' data-page='2' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 2: Population genetics is all about gene frequencies Evolution = a change in gene frequencies No change = genetic equilibrium = absence of evolution.' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader036.cupdf.com/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649d595503460f94a39a24/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Page 3 <img data-url='document/population-genetics-is-all-about-gene-frequencies-evolution-a-change-in-gene.html?page=3' data-page='3' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 3: Population genetics is all about gene frequencies Evolution = a change in gene frequencies No change = genetic equilibrium = absence of evolution.' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader036.cupdf.com/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649d595503460f94a39a24/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Page 4 <img data-url='document/population-genetics-is-all-about-gene-frequencies-evolution-a-change-in-gene.html?page=4' data-page='4' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 4: Population genetics is all about gene frequencies Evolution = a change in gene frequencies No change = genetic equilibrium = absence of evolution.' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader036.cupdf.com/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649d595503460f94a39a24/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Page 5 <img data-url='document/population-genetics-is-all-about-gene-frequencies-evolution-a-change-in-gene.html?page=5' data-page='5' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 5: Population genetics is all about gene frequencies Evolution = a change in gene frequencies No change = genetic equilibrium = absence of evolution.' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader036.cupdf.com/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649d595503460f94a39a24/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> HemoglobinStructure2 alpha chains (C 16): 141 aa2 beta chains (C. 11): 146 aa

Natural selection in humansE.g., hemoglobin

Page 6 <img data-url='document/population-genetics-is-all-about-gene-frequencies-evolution-a-change-in-gene.html?page=6' data-page='6' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 6: Population genetics is all about gene frequencies Evolution = a change in gene frequencies No change = genetic equilibrium = absence of evolution.' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader036.cupdf.com/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649d595503460f94a39a24/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Sickle cell anemia

Sixth code word from one end of the beta gene.

HbA HbS

Possible genotypes

HbA/HbAHbA/HbSHbS/HbS

Page 7 <img data-url='document/population-genetics-is-all-about-gene-frequencies-evolution-a-change-in-gene.html?page=7' data-page='7' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 7: Population genetics is all about gene frequencies Evolution = a change in gene frequencies No change = genetic equilibrium = absence of evolution.' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader036.cupdf.com/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649d595503460f94a39a24/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Relationship : malaria and sickle cell anemia

Distribution of HbS Distribution of malaria

Page 8 <img data-url='document/population-genetics-is-all-about-gene-frequencies-evolution-a-change-in-gene.html?page=8' data-page='8' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 8: Population genetics is all about gene frequencies Evolution = a change in gene frequencies No change = genetic equilibrium = absence of evolution.' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader036.cupdf.com/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649d595503460f94a39a24/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Malaria