Population Ecology. Population Dynamics ______________________: all the individuals of a species that live together in an area ______________________:

Population Ecology

Population Dynamics

______________________: all the individuals of a species that live together in an area

______________________: the statistical study of populations, make predictions about how a population will change

Growth Rate: ________________________________________________

How many individuals are born vs. how many dieBirth rate (b) − death rate (d) = ______________________________

Three Key Features of Populations

1. Size: ____________________________

PRE-REPRODUCTIVE

REPRODUCTIVE

POST-REPRODUCTIVE

Human Population Growth

Three Key Features of Populations

2. Density: measurement of population per unit area or unit volume

_____________________________________________________

1. ______________________- movement of individuals into a population

2. ______________________- movement of individuals out of a population

4 Factors that affect density

3. ____________________________________ Biotic factors in the environment that have an increasing effect as population size increases

  Ex. disease competition parasites

4. ____________________________________ Abiotic factors in the environment that affect populations regardless of their density

  Ex. temperature storms

habitat destruction drought

4 Factors that affect density

Three Key Features of Populations

3. Dispersion:describes their spacing relative to each other

• _______________

• _______________

• _______________

factors that affect population growth

____________________ any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence of organisms in a specific environment.– EX.- Amount of water, Amount of food,

Temperature– __________________ the maximum population

size that can be supported by the available resources, _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________

Carrying Capacity

N

u

m

b

e

r

Time

2 Life History Patterns

__________________ short life span small body size _________________ have many

young _________________ Ex: cockroaches,

weeds, bacteria

2 Life History Patterns

________________ long life span __________________ reproduce slowly __________________ provides parental

care Ex: humans,

elephants

• __________________________ can be classified into three general types– Type I, Type II, and Type III

I

II

III

50 10001

10

100

1,000

Percentage of maximum life span

Num

ber

of s

urvi

vors

(lo

g sc

ale)

Succession-

• ________________________________________ in which new populations of organisms gradually replace existing ones

Primary succession-

• New bare rock comes from 2 sources: – 1. ___________________________________– 2. ___________________________________

Rock

____________________________

• ________________________________________ – Ex: lichens are the first to colonize

lava rocks

____________________________

• ________________________________________________________________________________

Secondary succession-

• sequence of community changes that takes place when _______________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________

Secondary succession-

A fire levels portions of a forest A farmer plows his field

Pond Succession