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Essentials ofEssentials of
SociologySociology
99thth Edition Edition
Chapter 14: Population and Chapter 14: Population and UrbanizationUrbanization
New Malthusians – The world’s population is following an exponential growth curve
It took from the beginning of time until 1800 for the world population to reach its first billion. It then took only 130 years to add the 2nd billion and only another 30 years for the population to reach 3 billion.
Eventually, there will not be enough food to feed the rapidly growing population
Figure 14.3 The Demographic TransitionNote: The standard demographic transition is depicted by Stages 1–3. Stage 4 has been suggested by some Anti-Malthusians.
Figure 14.6 Why the Poor Need ChildrenChildren are an economic asset in the Least Industrialized Nations. Based on a survey in Indonesia, this figure showsthat boys and girls can be net income earners for their families by the age of 9 or 10.Source: U.N. Fund for Population Activities.
Figure 14.11 The 20 Largest Cities in the World**Includes contiguous cities. Los Angeles, for example, includes Long Beach, and New York includes Newark. The populations are projections for year 2025.Source: By the author. Based on United Nations 2008:Table 3.
Figure 14.12 How Urban is Your State? The Rural–Urban Makeup of the United StatesNote: The most rural state is Vermont (38% urban). The most urban states are California and New Jersey (94% urban).Source: By the author. Based on Statistical Abstract of the United States 2009:Table 28.
Who Lives in the City? – Herbert Gans did participant observation in the West End of Boston and determined 5 different types of people live in the cities:
The Cosmopolites The Singles The Ethnic Villagers The Deprived The Trapped
As cities tax base shrank and building deteriorated, many banks began Redlining (refusing to give loans to housing and business developments in problem areas).
This has led to further disinvestment
Another urban problem has been many factories moving to other countries where the labor is cheaper which is referred to as Deindustrialization
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Urban Problems and Urban Problems and Social PolicySocial Policy