Population and Urbanization Chapter 14
Mar 30, 2015
Population and Urbanization
Chapter 14
Chapter OverviewI. Introductory “Quiz”II. Thomas Malthus’ TheoryIII. Why People in the Least
Industrialized Nations Have Big Families
IV. Projecting Population TrendsV. CitiesVI. City Growth ModelsVII. Community v. AlienationVIII.The Decline of U.S. CitiesIX. Review
I. Introductory “Quiz”
1. The population boom is a result of the adoption of the potato by Europe
as its main food.
True
2. The birth rates of the least industrial nations
have dropped dramatically since the
1960s.
True
3. Famines in the least industrialized nations are due to overpopulation.
False
4. If the average number of children per woman
dropped to 2.0, the population of Mexico
would continue to grow.
True. But why?
5. The U.S. has one of the most restrictive
immigration policies in the world.
False
6. Research shows that new immigrants
contribute to the U.S. economy.
True
7. Industrialization causes a decrease in
family size. False. What does the book
say about this issue?
8. Currently, 45% of the world’s population lives in
cities.
True
9. In an emergency, it is easier to get someone’s
help in a small group than in a large group.
True
10. The primary problems of urban life
today are poverty, decay, and a decline of
U.S. cities.True
II. Thomas Malthus
A. His Theory
B.The New Malthusians: 1.The world’s population is
following an exponential growth curve.
2.The Blacksmith’s Fee3.The “J” curve
B.The New Malthusians: 1.The world’s population is
following an exponential growth curve.
2.The Blacksmith’s Fee3.The “J” curve
B.The New Malthusians: 1.The world’s population is
following an exponential growth curve.
2.The Blacksmith’s Fee3.The “J” curve
B.The New Malthusians: 1.The world’s population is
following an exponential growth curve.
2.The Blacksmith’s Fee3.The “J” curve
World Population Growth by Billions
1998
C. The Anti-Malthusians
The Demographic Transistion
Y.J.U.: Who is correct;Malthus, the New Malthusians,
or the Anti-Malthusians?
III. the Least Industrialized Nations and Big Families
IV. Projecting Population TrendsA. Definitions of
Demographic Variables1. Fertility Rate2. Mortality Rate3. Net Migration Rate4. Crude Death Rate5. Growth Rate6. Demographic Equation
B. Unanticipated Variables that Effect a Nation’s Growth Rate1.Wars2.Famines3.Changing economic and
political conditions
V. Cities
A.City B.Agricultural SurplusC.The PlowD.The Industrial RevolutionE.UrbanizationF.MetropolisG. Megalopolis
VI. City Growth Models
A. Concentric ZonesErnest Burgess (1925)
Zone 1: central business district
Zone 2: zone in transition; rooming houses & deteriorating housing
Zone 3: thrifty workers escape to this zone; an easy commute
Zone 4: More expensive apartments, & homes; wealthy may live here.
Zone 5: suburbs & satellite cities
*no city fits perfectly because of lakes, RXR, etc.
B. SectorsHomer Hoyt (1939)• A city’s
concentric zones do not form a complete circle
• A concentric zone can contain several sectors
• Ex: invasion-succession cycle
C. Multiple Nuclei
Harris and Ullman (1945)
• Each nucleus is the focus of some specialized activity
• Ex: Auto repair districts, retail business districts, ect.
D. Peripheral Model
Chauncey Harris (1997)
• Radial highways influence movement of people and services away from the central city to the outskirts.
• Industrial and office park development is also included.
VII. Community v. Alienation
A. Community B. AlienationC. Gemeinschaft D. Gesellschaft
D. The price of personal freedom obtained through city life is alienation.
E. Ex: Kitty Genovese
F.Who Lives in the City?1.Cosmopolites2.Singles3.Ethnic Villagers4.The Deprived 5.The Trapped
VIII. The Decline of U.S. Cities
A. Group Work: You teach me:1. Suburbanization2. Disinvestment and
Deindustrialization3. The Rural Rebound4. The Potential of Urban
Revitalization
A. Solving Urban Problems1. Urban renewal2. Gentrification3. Why Yuppies Move Back to
the Slums4. What is the real answer?
VIII.Additional Key Terms
Conflict Theory and Reproduction
Pushes and Pulls to the CityUrbanizationSuburbsUrban Fear and the Gated
FortressWilliam Wilson &
Suburbanization