4 2 5 1 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 Population And Settlement Part II Think of the earth as a living organism that is being attacked by billions of bacteria whose numbers double every forty years. Either the host dies, or the virus dies, or both die. - Gore Vidal
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Population And Settlement Part II and... · • Population pyramids show: – age distribution / age cohorts (groups) – sex ratio – male vs. female – dependency ratios of under
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Population And Settlement Part II
Think of the earth as a living organism that is being attacked by billions of bacteria whose numbers
double every forty years. Either the host dies, or the virus dies, or both die.
- Gore Vidal
Population and Settlement Part II
• Population Characteristics
• Age Structure
• Population Pyramids
• Population Growth in the Periphery
POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS: qualities of various populations within a social or geographic group, with emphasis on demography, health status and socioeconomic factors
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Ascribed and Achieved Characteristics
• Ascribed
– gender
– race
– age
• Achieved
– education
– income
– occupation
– employment
– etc.
Life Expectancy at Birth, 2016
AGE STRUCTURE
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Age Dynamics
Dependency Ratio
• Dependents are those individuals under 15 and over 65
– If more than 35% of a country's population is under the age of 15, it is considered a young population.
– If more than 15% of a country's population is over the age of 65, it is considered an old population.
• How many individuals are there between 15 and 65? In other words, what percentage of a population is non-dependent people who are supporting dependent people?
“Graying of the Core”
• low birth and death rates in Core
• low population growth
(except immigration)
• steadily older population
US Age Structure • 85 years and older is
the fastest growing group in the US population.
• In 2005 the “old old” topped 5 million.
• By 2050 it is expected to be 20 million.
• The Midwest has a high percentage since the young leave for jobs elsewhere.
• Boston and San Francisco have gone grayer as seniors age in place.
Comparison of US Eras
Boom and Bust
Baby Boom (1946-1964)
Baby Bust (1965-1980)
Baby Boom Impacts Yet to Come
• strain on Social Security
• growing health care costs
• challenge to youth identity (Gen X)
millions over 65 in US
Baby Bust (1965-1980)
Baby Boom (1946-1964)
POPULATION PYRAMIDS
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Population Pyramids
• Population pyramids are graphic devices that represent populations’ age and sex composition.
• Population pyramids show:
– age distribution / age cohorts (groups)
– sex ratio – male vs. female
– dependency ratios of under 15 and over 65
• Pyramid is used because it describes the diagram’s shape for many states in the 1800s when it was created.