Population and migration analysis from the 2011 Census Lorraine Ireland and Vicky Field Census Analysis Unit, Population Statistics Division, ONS 17 July 2014
Oct 19, 2014
Population and migration analysis from the 2011 CensusLorraine Ireland and Vicky Field Census Analysis Unit, Population Statistics Division, ONS
17 July 2014
Migration data available from the 2011 Census
Outline:
Using 2011 Census data to describe and analyse international migration to England and Wales
Using ‘country of birth’ and ‘passports held’
Historic patterns of migration since 1951
Economic and social characteristics of migrants
Short term residents
Origin–destination data will be available later in July 2014
The 2011 Census asked about country of birth...
Those born abroad were asked when they arrived:If born outside the UK (in ‘Republic of Ireland’ or ‘Elsewhere’), fill in questions 10 and 11.
Data collected on year of last arrival (also published as length of residence and age at arrival)
Identifying recent arrivals.
Differentiating recent arrivals who are usual residents (i.e. long term migrants) from short term residents.
…and passports held
The question on passports held is used to determine nationality:
Data published so far gives priority to UK, then Ireland, then other, giving one passport per person. Used to determine nationality.
New question in 2011.
Nearly half of non-UK born held a UK passport
Total
Number (Thousands)
Per cent Number (Thousands)
Per cent Number (Thousands)
Per cent Number (Thousands)
Per cent Per cent
UK born 48,571 86.6 39,033 80.4 349 0.7 9,189 18.9 100Non-UK born 7,505 13.4 3,424 45.6 3,812 50.8 269 3.6 100Total 56,076 100 42,457 75.7 4,161 7.4 9,458 16.9 100
Passport heldUK passport Other passport No passport held
Country of Birth
Total born outside the UK
Nearly half of non-UK born held a UK passport at the time of the census.
Nearly all (97%) of those holding no passport were born in the UK.
Historical summary of non-UK born residents
Each successive census revealed an increasing share of residents born abroad:
4.5
5.2
6.8
6.7
7.3
8.9
13.4
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011
0 20 40 60 80 100Per cent
UK born Non-UK born
Total pop (million)
43.7
46.0
48.7
48.5
49.9
52.0
56.1
Top five non-UK born populations 1951-2011
Census shows increasing diversity of foreign born
The top ten countries of birth represent a declining proportion of the total number of residents born abroad:
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Foreign nationals show ‘migrant’ age structureAge and sex distributions of UK and non-UK passport holders
in England and Wales:
15 10 5 0 5 10 15 Per cent
0 -45 -9
10 -1415 -1920 -2425 -2930 -3435 -3940 -4445 -4950 -5455 -5960 -6465 -6970 -7475 -7980 -84
85 +Age
Non - UK nationals = 4.2 millionUK nationals = 42.6 million
Non - UK national males
Non - UK national females
UK nationals
Distribution of Non-UK born residents in 2011
New A8 migrant areas
Year of arrival can identify ‘waves’ of migration
Half (50% or 3.7 million) of those born abroad had lived in the UK for 10 years or more.
0 20 40 60 80 100
India
Poland
Pakistan
Republic of Ireland
Germany
Bangladesh
Nigeria
South Africa
United States
Jamaica
Per cent
before 1981 1981- 1990 1991-2000 2001- 2011
Data available on characteristics of migrantsVariety of social and economic data available by passports, country
of birth and year of arrival:
Age and sex
Economic activity
Occupation and industry
Qualifications
English (Welsh) language proficiency
Housing tenure
Ethnic group
Health
Religion
National identity
Link to podcast or Link YouTube
Economic activity of Migrants (aged 16+)Of those that arrived in the UK between 2001 and 2011, 60
percent were employed and 21 per cent were students in 2011.
• of Nigerian-born 49 per cent were employed and 32 per cent were students
• of Polish-born 81 per cent were employed and 7 per cent were students
Before 1981 1981-1990 1991- 2000 2001-20110
20
40
60
80
100Per cent
Polish- born23,000 6,000 19,000 466,000
0
20
40
60
80
100
Before 1981 1981-1990 1991- 2000 2001-2011
Per centNigerian- born
97,00016,000 25,000 38,000
Economically active employed Economically active unemployed
Economically inactive Student
English language proficiencyEnglish language proficiency for non-UK born aged 3 and over by year of arrival shows proficiency is lower for more recent arrivals
89% (6.7 million) of all non-UK born reported that they could speak English well, very well or as their main language
1.6% (118,000) could not speak English at all.
The proportion who reported they could speak no English at all remained fairly constant over the decades of arrival at 1-2 per cent.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Before 1981 1981-1990 1991-2000 2001-2011
Per cent
Cannot speak English
Cannot speak English well
Speaks English well or very well
English is main language
Housing tenure by country of birth
Top ten non-UK countries of birth by housing tenure, 2011
• Owner occupied highest among Indian (64%), Pakistani (64%) and Irish-born (63%)
• Social rented accommodation highest among Jamaican (35%) and Bangladeshi-born (33%)
• Private rented accommodation highest among Polish-born (71%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Private rented
Social rented
Owned
Ind
ia
Po
lan
d
Pa
kist
an
Ire
lan
d
Ge
rma
ny
Ba
ng
lad
esh
Jam
aic
a
Nig
eria
So
uth
Afr
ica
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Per cent
International migrants (December 2012).
Non-UK Born Short-Term Residents in England and Wales, 2011 (March 2013)
Detailed country of birth and nationality analysis from the 2011 Census of England and Wales (May 2013)
Economic and Social Characteristics of the Resident Population of England and Wales by Nationality and Country of Birth in 2011 (July 2013)
Immigration Patterns of Non-UK Born Populations in England and Wales in 2011 (December 2013)
Published Census short stories on Migration
Demographic data available from the 2011 Census
Data available:
• Age and sex• Marital status• Living arrangements• Family type• Household composition• Children
Families
18% Lone parent
families
17% Cohabiting
couple families
65% Married couple families
Married couple families by country of birth
High proportions of married couple families
may reflect cultural attitudes towards families
and marriage in the population.
85% of Indian born FRPs were married couple
families.
Marital status – UK countries - 2011
35%
34%
35%
36%
35%
47%
47%
45%
48%
47%
3%
2%
3%
4%
3%
9%
10%
8%
5%
9%
7%
8%
8%
7%
7%
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland
UK
Single Married/civil partnership Separated Divorced Widowed
For all usual residents aged 16 and over:
• Single proportion lowest in Wales, highest in Northern Ireland
• Married proportion highest in Northern Ireland, lowest in Scotland
• Divorced proportion highest in Wales, but separated is lowest
• Widowed proportions higher in Wales and in Scotland
Marital status pyramid 2011
We found that ...
• People stay single for longer
• People marry later
• Widowhood declined especially for males
2,500 1,500 500 500 1,500 2,500
16 -19
20 -24
25 -29
30 -34
35 -39
40 -44
45 -49
50 -54
55 -59
60 -64
65 -69
70 -74
75 -79
80 -84
85+
Thousands
Age
Single Married/civil partneredSeparated DivorcedWidowed Single
Males Females
Marital status of the cohabiting population
• 12% of the adult household population were cohabiting in 2011, an increase from 10% in 2001
• Majority of cohabiting population single (never married)
• 7.3% of the cohabiting population still legally married (including separated)
69%
2.7%
4.6%
21%
2.6%
Single
Married
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
Did you know...
Interactive map
Published Census short stories on demography
Families and Households in England and Wales 2011 (January 2013)
What does the 2011 Census tell us about Older People? (September 2013)
The Workday Population of E&W: An Alternative 2011 Census Output Base (October 2013).
What does the 2011 Census tell us about Concealed families living in multi-family households (February 2014)
How have living arrangements and marital status in E&W changed since 2001? ( March 2014)
Households and household composition in England and Wales 2001-2011 (May 2014)
How do living arrangements, family type and family size vary in England and Wales? (June 2014)
What does the 2011 Census tell us about the oldest old living in England and Wales? (December 2013)
Childbearing of UK and non-UK born women living in the UK (February 2014)
Stepfamilies (May 2014)
Possible further analysis
• Dependent children with two parental addresses• Out of term student population• Internal migration• Second residences• Living alone• Communal establishments• Detailed social and economic characteristics of migrant
populations
Suggestions welcome! [email protected]
Any questions or suggestions?