POLYTRONICS

1

WELCOME

2

POLYTRONICS

GOPU SOMANE.C S7

3

WHAT IS POLYTRONICS…??

Polymer + electronics

Influence of plastic in electronics

Certain plastic(polymers) have conductive & light emitting property

Providing the basis of a new technology for flat–panel displays with excellent visibility

4

PLASTIC ELECTRONICS

Plastics could be made to conduct through doping(adding impurities)

Depending on their chemical structure plastics may exhibit electrically conductive, semi-conductive or insulating properties

Chemical composition of plastics or conjugated polymers is changed by doping to make them conducting

Polymers such as polythiophenes, oligothiophenes and pentacene have conductive property

Electronic behavior of these polymers is very different from inorganic semiconductors such as silicon or gallium arsenide

5

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY

Polymer

Electronically

Intrinsically conductive polymers

Ionically

6

CONJUGATED POLYMERS

Gain conductivity through “conjugation”

Polymer molecules have alternating double bond and single bond

Pathway for free electron charge carriers

Doped with oxidizing or reducing agents

Conductivity btw conv: polymers & metals

7

MOSTLY USED CONJUGATED POLYMERS

They can emit light

Conductivity can be varied

Generate current

Ability to store an electric charge

8

MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES

Printing polymer circuits is known as Polymer Mechatronics or Flexonics

Developed by university of California in Berkeley

No need of “assemble and build” technique

9

PRINTING YOUR CIRCUITS

Polymer mechatronics or flexonics

The entire product would come out of the printer

Electronic circuits embedded in the product itself

10

STEPS…

DESIGN THE CIRCUIT USING A CAD SOFTWARE

TOOL

TAKE THE NECESSARY

INGREDIENTS AND INSERT IN THE

PRINTER

PRINT THE CIRCUIT

11

FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS

»Talk and Trash« Cell Phone

12

ELECTRONIC PAPER

paper is made of a thin layer (coating) of conductive synthetic material

coating contains capsules filled with oil, with floating black and white pigment parts in it.

text and pictures are displayed by electronic ink or e-Ink.

use plastic substrate and electronics to make the display flexible.

text or the image will remain on the electronic paper, even when the reader is switched off

13

USED IN : Electronic price tags, Bus/Train station timetables, Electronic billboards…ADVANTAGE : handy, light size ,Inexpensive ,reusable ,portable…

electronic ink

electronics required to generate the pattern of text and images

Electronic paper

Front plane

Backplane

14

PLASTIC BATTERIES

Developed by Hopkins university

Positive and negative electrodes are thin, foil-like plastic sheets

Electrolyte is a polymer gel film

Does not contain hazardous chemicals as in Ni - Cd cells

Can be recharged and reused a number of times without loss of power

USED IN :military and space applications , small consumer devices

15

ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS

Polymers which can be to bend, stretch, twist or contract under the influence of electric charge

Have the potential to function as artificial muscles

Implanted into the body Have sensor, battery &EAP

valves Sensor activated with

chemical change delivered to specific tissues

at specific doses and times.

Artificial muscles

Smart pills

16

OLEDS Sandwiching organic thin films

between two conductors.

Emissive displays

Wider viewing angle ( up to 160°)

Can be read even in bright sunlight

Preferred choice for lighter, thinner and flexible display screens

USED IN : televisions, laptop, cellular phones, digital video cameras, DVD players, PDAs, car stereos

17

LEDs remain functionality even under tight bending radius

18

ADVANTAGES

Freedom in design

Cheap foil substrates

Light-weight

Compact portable products

Cost-effective assembly with reel-to-reel processing

Environment-friendly

Printing instead of lithography

Scale :printing can be done with almost unlimited length

19

DISADVANTAGES

Need low temperature processes

Substrates are not flat and have many defects

Plastics are highly permeable for water and oxygen and offer little protection for electronic components

20

FUTURE

Rollable or foldable thin film computers

Electronic newspaper which continually updated

Fruit and vegetables labels

Invisible chips will one day be integrated in paper, postage stamps, bank notes etc with intelligence

21

CONCLUSION

Provide a cheap method for the fabrication of simple low-cost electronic products

Polymer materials offer a high degree of freedom and flexibility in the design of the materials, devices and systems

Scarcity of semiconductors and power compels the new generation to move to polytronics.

“THE IDEA OF POLYTRONICS IS NOT TO REPLACE SILICON TECHNOLOGY BUT TO DEVELOP NEW APPLICATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH SILICON”

22

REFERENCE

J.W. Balde, Ed., Foldable Flex and Thinned Silicon Multichip Packaging Technology. Norwell, MA: Kluwer, 2002, pp. 106–114.

H. Sirringhaus, P. J. Brown, R. H. Friend, M. M. Nielsen, K. Bechgaard,

B. M.W. Langeveld-Voss, A. J. H. Spiering, R. A. J. Janssen, W. W. Maijer, P. Herwig, and D. M. de Leuuw, “Two-dimensional charge transport in self-organized, high-mobility conjugated polymers,” Nature, vol. 401, pp. 685–688, 1999.

D. M. Horowitz, D. M. Peng, D. M. Fichou, and D. M. Garnier, “The oligothiophene-based field-effect transistor: How it works and how to improve it,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 78, pp. 528–532, 1990.

Y. Y. Lin, D. J. Gundlach, S. F. Nelson, and T. N. Jackson, “Pentacene-

based organic thin-film transistors,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 1325–1331, Aug. 1997

23