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ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie Polytrauma Dr. G. Matthes Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
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Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

Apr 14, 2019

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Page 1: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Polytrauma

Dr. G. MatthesErnst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald

Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie

Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin

Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Page 2: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Unter einem Polytrauma versteht man das gleichzeitige Vorliegen von Verletzungen mehrerer Körperregionen von denen eine oder die Kombination akut lebensbedrohlich ist.

Tscherne,1977

Page 3: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

UnfallUnfall

RettungRettung

TransportTransport

SchockraumSchockraum

OP/IntensivstationOP/Intensivstation

Golden Golden hour hour of of shockshock

The Golden Hour of Shock

Page 4: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Immediate Death (Sekunden bis Minuten nach Trauma)

• Kreislaufstillstand• Schädel-Hirn-Trauma schwersten Grades• Hohe HWS-Verletzung (Beispiel atlanto-occipitale Luxation)• Aortenverletzung• Herzverletzung

Page 5: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Early Death (Minuten nach bis 24 Stunden nach Trauma)

• Hypoxie• Spannungspneumothorax• Volumenmangel-Schock• Schweres Schädel-Hirn-Trauma

Page 6: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Late Death (Tage bis Wochen nach Trauma)

• (Multi-)Organversagen bei

• Ischämie / Gewebetrümmern• Sepsis• Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

Page 7: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Schockraum

• Stabilisierung der Vitalparameter• Erfassung des Verletzungsmusters • Festlegung der Leitverletzung (Leading Injury)• Notfalleingriffe

Page 8: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Page 9: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

FAST

Page 10: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

D. Stengel et al.: Systematic review and meta-analysis of emergency

ultrasonography for blunt abdominal trauma.

Br J Surg 2001;88:91-102

G. Matthes et al.: Blunt liver injuries in Polytrauma: Results from a Cohort

Study with the Regular Use of Whole–body Helical Computed Tomography

World J Surg. 2003 Oct;27(10):1124-30.

FAST

FAST -

Keine ausreichend erschöpfende abdominelle Diagnostik !

Page 11: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

FAST

www.trauma.org

Page 12: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

CT

Page 13: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Page 14: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Konv. Röntgen

Page 15: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Born CT, Ross SE, Iannacone WM, Schwab CW,DeLong WG.

J Trauma 1989 Dec;29(12):1643-1646

18-month prospective study:

•Delayed diagnosis of 39 fractures was made in 26 of 1,006consecutive blunt trauma patients.

•Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the

time of admission, but nine (23%) fractures were clearly visibleon admission films.

Page 16: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Nutzen von Scores

• Quantifizierung der Verletzungsschwere• Triage• Prognose • Qualitätskontrolle• Traumaregister• Forschung und Wissenschaft• Planung und Ausstattung von Rettungssystemen

Waydhas, 1997

Page 17: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Abbreviated Injury Scale:

•1971 von der Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicineentwickelt• Anatomischer Score• Verletzungschwere von 1 (leicht) bis 6 (prinzipiell nicht therapierbar)

Injury Severity Score:

•Die AIS-Werte der schwersten Verletzung der drei am meisten betroffenenKörperregionen: a, b, c

•ISS = a + b + c Wert von 1 bis 75

Page 18: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

1

6

5

4

3

2

1 Kopf und Hals

2 Gesicht

3 Thorax

4 Abdomen und Becken- organe

5 Extremitäten und knöchernes Becken

6 Integument / Weichteile

Page 19: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

3

3

33

Resultierender ISS-Wert :

3 + 3 = 18

Page 20: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

First Hit Trauma

Second Hit Operation

Page 21: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Phase I Lebensrettender Soforteingriff

Phase II frühe lebens- und organerhaltende Therapie

Phase III Stabilisierung auf ICU, (Diagnostik II)

Phase IV rekonstruktive Chirurgie

modifiziert nach Schweiberer, 1978

Page 22: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Phase ILebensrettender

Soforteingriff

Page 23: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Phase IIFrüher organ- oder lebenserhaltender Eingriff

Page 24: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Page 25: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ukb

unfall– und

wiederherstellungschirurgie

ukb

unfall– und

wiederherstellungschirurgie

Step 1 Emergency

Surgery

Step 3 Next

Surgery

Step 2 ICU

• stop the bleeding

• contamination ?

• temporary stabilization

• dressing change

• definitive surgery

• body temperature

• coagulopathia ?

• circulation

• oxygenation

•additional

diagnostics adapted fromRotondo MF et al.,1997

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Page 26: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Phase IIIICU-Stabilisierung

Page 27: Polytrauma - Home: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald · consecutive blunt trauma patients. •Twenty-one (55%) of the fractures were not X-rayed at the time of admission, but nine (23%)

ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald

unfall- und wiederherstellungschirurgie

Phase IVRekonstruktive Operationen