Polusi Air

API halakaM

riA isuloP

:helo nususiD

.1

.2 S .R itpeS anairA

.3 S .U uyA hayD

.4

.5

.6

.7

.8

gnodnorB iregeN KMS

nasuruJ 2 - aidemitluM

0102

gnodnorB N KMS riA isuloP

2

ratfaD I is

.1 nauluhadneP

.1.1 gnakaleB rataL

.2.1 nasumuR halasaM

.3.1 naujuT

.4.1 taafnaM

.2 nasahabmeP

.1.2 loP gnatneT naitregneP u riA is

.2.2 iriC - isalupopreB riA iriC

.3.2 tafiS - oP tafiS ul riA is

.4.2 macaM - natulopreB gnaY riA rebmuS macaM

.5.2 sineJ - ramecreT gnaY riA sineJ

.6.2 riA isuloP aynlubmiT iraD babeyneP

.7.2 ayahaB naklubmitiD gnaY

.8.2 riA isuloP tabikA

.9.2 ahasU - hagecneM nad isatagneM anuG ahasU

.3 putuneP

.1.3 nalupmiseK

.2.3 naraS

.4 akatsuP ratfaD


3

I BAB

nauluhadneP

.1.1 gnakaleB rataL ,icucnem ,kasamem ,munim ,nakam kutnU .ria nakhutubmem ulales atik ,irah paiteS

kadit( B3 tradnats iaynupmem surah ismusnok atik gnay uti aneraK .lld b kadit ,anrawre

b kadit nad ,uabre b .)nucare

gnay ria nakumenem gnires nikgnum uata gnadakret ,ipatet nakA nad ,ubabreb ,hurek

nahab nagned rupmacret alup gnadakret - nupuata ,aimik taz ,kitsalp ,magolreb nahab

gnay halini naD .iagnus ek rihkareb ulales ria araum rihka ilak paites naD .kinagro

.ramecret ria taubmem

gnaro aneraK ?apaneK - iggnip uata ,naasedep gnaro iagnus ria nakanuggnem ,atok nar

anamid tikaynep halubmit aggnihes ,ramecret iagnus ria anerak naD .ria tameh anerak -

kulhkam igab ipat ,ayntabika anekret tarad id pudih kulhkam aumes ripmaH .anamid

.itam asib ,ria id pudih

nakamanid aumes inI riA isuloP .

S ( OHW ,BBP isasinagro haube noitazinagrO htlaeH dlroW luduj adap nakataynem ) ehT

retaW si sgnihT llA fo tseB ria awhab nakkujnunem )riA haladA kiabreT gnaY aumeS(

gnay gnarab iagabes gnadnapid ulales nad napudihek hurules igab gnitnep haltagnas

ahreb tagnas ,ignudnilid ,agajid ulrep aggnihes ,imub id pudih kulhkam hurules igab agr

kutnu gnitnep tagnas nakanug atik gnay ria satilauk ,uti aneraK .nakiratrelid nad

.natahesek tradnats ikilimem ria ,aumes uti anerak naD .nakitahrepid

rusnu satitnauk ,uti nialeS - nu ria malad gnudnakret gnay )lld ,rC ,nC ,gH ,lC ,aC( rus

rusnu akaM .munim kutnu ria :lasim ,nakitahrepid ulrep haltagnas - gnudnakret gnay rusnu

tradnats nakitahrepid surah ,ria malad - .radnats irad gnaruk/ihibelem alibapa ,ipaT .ayn

hesek nakigurem asib akaM .nata

.2.1 halasaM nasumuR .a ?ria isalupop uti apA

.b ?ria naramecnep idajret asib apagneM

.c ?ria amaturet ,nagnukgnil naramecnep aynidajret nakbabeynem gnay apA

.d ?ria isulop aynada irad naklubmitid gnay tabika apA

.e ?ria naramecnep idajret asib ajas anamiD

.f irad kapmad anekret naka gnay ajas apaiS natulopreb gnay ria ?


4

.g ?ratikes takaraysam natahesek ihuragnepmem tapad isulop takgnit hakapA

.h amiagaB ?ria isulop aynidajret hagecnem sugilakes isatagnem kutnu aynarac an

.3.1 naujuT .a uti apa iuhategnem awsis arap ragA .ria isulop

.b .ria naramecnep aynidajret babeynep imahamem tapad hibel awsis arap ragA

.c .natulopreb gnay ria aynada irad naklubmitid gnay tabika iuhategnem tapad ragA

.d .ramecret tapad ria ajas anamid iuhategnem tapaD

.e b nad hisreb gnay ria anam nakadebmem tapaD hadus gnay ria nagned tradnatsre

ramecret

.f itahreb hibel tapaD - .ria naanuggnep malad itah

.g .isulopret gnay ria nagnudnak iuhategnem tapaD

.h ria isulop aynidajret mulebes/taas hagecnem atres isatagnem tapaD

.4.1 taafnaM awsis amaturet ,awsis arap raga nakparahiD - is itregnem tapad gnodnorB N KMS iws

ria anam halimem tapad awsis arap aggniheS .ria isalupop gnatnet imahamem sugilakes

aradu isulop idajret taas hagecnem nad isatagnem sugilakes ramecret gnay ria nad hisreb

.atik ratikesid


5

II baB

nasahabmeP

.1.2 naitregneP riA isuloP gnatneT nakA .igolonket atres umli naujamek nagned higgnac abes namazid pudih atiK

anamgnay isulop utiay ,raseb haltagnas naklisahid gnay evitagen kapmad ,ipatet

nakigurem gnay nial nenopmok uata ,rusnu ,igren ,taz aynkusam awitsirep nakapurem

isulop nakbabeynem atreS .imalas esorp uata aisunam sativitka tabika irad nagnukgnil

:alib anam gnay natulop tubesid gnay

lamron satab irad gnaruk/ihibelem radaK

.tapet kadit gnay utkaw nad tapmet adap adareB

,aimik nahab ,ubed apureb tapad iridnes natuloP kulhkam ,isaidar ,sanap ,araus

taz ,pudih - kadit metsisoke ,nahibelreb natulop alib naD .bsd ,pudih kulhkam irad lidah taz

.)iridnes nahisrebmep( isareneger nakukalem tapad kadit nad gnabmies tapad

nakapurem ria isuloP rusnu ,igrene ,taz aynkusam awitsirep aynnial nenopmok/

aynada nagned iadnatid tpad anamgnay uggnagret ria satilauk aggnihes ria maladid

.igal inrum kadit ria aggnihes ria adap anraw nad ,asar ,uab nahaburep

pudiH nagnukgniL nad nakududepeK arageN iretneM nasutupeK turunem ,numaN

I/HLNEM/20.oN halada ria naramecnep/isulop nagned duskamid gnay ,8991/

maladek nial nenopmok uata nad ,igrene ,taz ,pudih kulhkam aynnakkusamid/kusam

tapad kadit uata gnaruk ,mala sesorp helo uata aisunam nataigek helo aradu/ria

.aynnakutnurep nagned igal isgnufreb

lutI aynnial pudih kulhkam atres aisunam igab amatu rebmus iagabes ria apanek ha

nialeS .igolordih sulkis irad naigab utas halas nakapurem anerak ini imub akumid

.natulop nad nemides nakrilagnem aguj ria nakrilagnem

rem gnunug itrepes mala anemonef ,ipatet nakA ,imanust ,imub apmeg ,iadab ,ipa

paggnaid kadit ini lah ,ria satilauk padahret raseb nahaburep naktabikagnem tapad lld

.ria naramecnep iagabes

pudih kulhkam sativitka tabika irad naigabes halada isulop aneraK ?apaneK

adahret satilauk haburem tapad anamgnay .imub akum id ria p

.2.2 iriC - isulopreB riA iriC iriC - gnutnagret anerak isairavreb tagnas ramecret/isulop imalagnem gnay ria iric

utaus nakhutubid ,uti aneraK .aynmaladid gnudnakret gnay natulop nad ria sinej nagned

tafis nakutnenem kutnu naijugnep - es ria tafis idajret hakapa iuhatekid tapad aggnih

.ria isulop nasatab irad nagnapmiynep

:tukireb lebat 2 nakitahreP


6

naruku malad( ria malad nakhelobrepid gnay magol lamiskaM nagnudnaK .1.2.2 lebaT

)L/gm

oN magoL amaN riA malaD lamiskaM nagnudnaK

1 )aC( muislaK 002

2 )gM( muisengaM 051

3 )aB( muiraB 50,0

4 )nM( nagnaM 1

5 )uC( agabmeT 1

6 )nZ( gneS 51

7 )+6rC( nelavaskeH morK 50,0

8 )dC( mumidaK 10,0

9 )gH( askaR 100,0

01 )bP( labmiT 1,0

11 )sA( nesrA 50,0

21 )eS( muineleS 10,0

tareb magoL irukrem itrepes P( labmiT ,)gH( ,)dC( muimdaK ,)sA( kinesrA ,)b

kinagrona iretam kutneb utas halas nakapurem ,)iN( lekiN nad ,)nZ( gneS ,)rC( muimorK

.nariarep adap suires pukuc gnay nahalasamrep iagabreb naklubninem gnires gnay

p tareb magol naramecnep aynidajret babeyneP irad lasareb aynasaib nariarep ada

ub habmil helo isanimatnokret gnay ria nakusam a .nagnabmatrep nad irtsudni nagn

sineJ 2.2.2 lebaT - :tareb magol gnudnagnem gnay habmil nagnaubmrep irtsudni sinej

oN habmiL tareB magoL

1 satreK iN ,uC ,nZ ,bP ,gH ,rC

2 orteP - lacimehc nS ,dC ,nZ ,bP ,gH ,rC

3 gnatnalegneP nS ,dC ,nZ ,bP ,gH ,rC

4 kupuP iN,uC ,dC ,nZ ,bP ,gH ,rC

5 kayniM gnaliK uC ,dC ,nZ ,bP ,iN ,rC

6 ajaB nS ,iN ,uC ,dC ,nZ ,bP ,gH ,rC

7 iseB nakuB magoL uC ,nZ ,bP ,gH ,rC

8 ,rotomreB naaradneK gnabreT tawaseP nS ,uC ,dC ,nZ ,bP ,gH ,rC

9 kimareK ,nemeS ,saleG rC

01 litskeT rC

11 paU aganeT kirtsiL tikgnabmeP nZ ,rC

.3.2 tafiS - riA isuloP tafiS


7

nahaburep aynidajret nagned itamaid tapad ria aynisulopret iuhategnem kutnU -

p : nial aratna nahabure

.1 N satinilakla nad namasaek ,Hp iali

6 halada ria lamron Hp - .fisorok nakbabeynem tapad akam ,hadner ulalret aliB .Hp 8

.2 S uhu

aggnih nignid nakhab kujes asaret naka ria akam ,hadner ulalret uhus alibapA

e nignides ria ,ipatet nakA .aynkilabes alup utigeB .s id sap uhus ikilimem ulales asaib

0 naruku o .suiclec

.3 W asar nad uab ,anra

o anraW

nad hinrej( aynlamron anraw nagned adebreb aynasaib isulopret gnay riA

.)gnineb

o uaB

,aimik nahab helo nakbabesid tapad ,ria rebmus adap gnutnagret aynasaiB

ia naweh nad nahubmut nad sima uab itrepes( itam nupuam pudih gnay kiab r

.)kusub

o asaR

.tual ria adap nisa asar ilaucek ,asar iaynupmem kadit lamron riA

.4 J natadap halmu

.5 N ( DOB iali B lacimehcoi O negyx D ( DOC/)dname C lacimeh O negyx D )dname

.6 P negotap emsinagroorkim naramecne

.7 K nagnudna kaynim

.8 K tareb magol nagnudna

.9 K fitka oidar nahab nagnudna

.4.2 macaM - natulopreB gnaY riA rebmuS macaM macaM - :nial aratna ,isulopreb gnay ria rebmus macam

o irtsudni habmiL

o nainatreP

o aggnar hamuR

anamgnay natulop epit aparebeb adA :utiay ,nariarep kasurem tapad

o gnudnagneM tibib tikaynep

o O kaynab hutuB 2 O nagnarukek aggnihes( aynnaiarugnep kutnu )negiskO( 2

)naiarugnep sesorp taas

o nahaB - irtsudni irad kinagro aimik nahab

o nainatrep kupup habmiL

o nahaB - )napadne( nemides kadit gnay nahab


8

o nahaB - idar gnudnagnem gnay nahab sanap nad fitkao

nad rilagnem tafis nagned aisunam igab gnitnep gnay mala rusnu halada ria lahadaP

rulaj anerak ,ipatet nakA .aynpaserem - anerak tabmahret ria napaser nad narila rulaj

.rijnab halubmit ,natulop

krasadreb 2 idajnem igabid tapad rijnab habisuM :nial aratna ,ria isulop tabika na

.1 )raseb rijnab( gnadnab rijnaB rulaj irad paulem tabika irad idajret :utiay , -

.raseb tagnas gnay ria emulov nagned )iagnus( narila rulaj

.2 aB n nagnaneg rij irad tabika anerak tapmetes/lakol rijnab :utiay ,

esnokret/ayngnanegret anamgnay tubesret haread adap najuh ria aynisartn

asib ria aggnihes satabret tagnas aynnapaser nahal nad )esaniara( ria narulas

.atik hamur malad atres nagnukgnil ignaneggnem/kusam

lo )nahtenohcirT linehpiD orolcihD( TDD itrepes adisitkesni adap naanuggneP he

araces tikaynep rabeynep aggnares atres namanat amah satnarebmem kutnu inatep arap

.namanat helo paresid gnay ria padahret naramecnep naktabikagnem tapad nahibelreb

nakbabeynem alup tapad nariarepid nahibelreb gnay nakusubmep idajret aggniheS

naramecnep O radak naktabikagnem tapad hapmas nagnaubmeP . 2 ria malad turalret

.kusubmep iretkab helo nakanugrepid raseb naigabes anerak gnarukreb nikames

suret iagnus ek gnaubid gnay kinagro hapmas nagnaubmep atreS - niales ,surenem

aka najuh misum adap ,ria iramecnem .rijnab anacneb lubmit n

.5.2 sineJ - ramecreT gnaY riA sineJ

.a natadaP

: natadap naturaleK

.1 )nemides( madneret natadaP

.2 )hurek( diolok nad isnepsusret natadaP

.3 turalret natadaP

.4 kamel nad kayniM

.b )setsaw gnidnamed negixO( negisko nakhutubmem gnay nagnaub nahaB

riA nurunem turalret negisko isnetsisnok akij isulopret ria iagabes nakirogetakid

nahaB .atoib napudihek kutnu nakhutubid gnay satab hawab id - hadum gnay nahab

.turalret negisko isartnesnok habugnem naka iretkab helo hacep uatanakkusubid

.c emsinagroorkiM

lasareB namanat ,rupmul ,hapmas ,hanat ,aradu itrepes rebmus iagabreb irad

,naweh uata aisunam narotok ,)iakgnab( itam uata pudih naweh ,itam uata pudih

.ayniagabes nad aynnial kinagro nahab

rotkaF - : emsinagroorkim sinej nad halmuj rotkaf


9

.1 ria rebmuS

.2 nenopmoK ria malad neirtun

.3 nucareb nenopmoK

.4 kisif rotkaF

.5 ria malad tareb magoL

magoL - amaturet nagnukgnil iramecnem gnires nad ayahabreb gnay tareb magol

.)iN( lekin nad ,)rC( muimork ,)dC( muidak ,)sA( kinesra ,)bP( labmit ,)gH( irukrem halada

nial ramecnep nahaB :

.1 tafsoF

.negreted nad nahibelreb gnay nataub kupup naanuggnep irad lasareb tafsoF

.2 tirtin nad tartiN

nad nahibelreb gnay nataub kupup naanuggnep irad lasareb ini awaynes audeK

.kinagro iretam nakusubmep sesorp

.3 )BCP ( linefib nirolkiloP

d lasareb ini awayneS nahab nataafnamep ira - tala nad kitsalp ,samulep nahab

.kirtsil

.4 nirolkinagro adisitsep udiseR

hunubmem kutnu namanat adap adisitsep natorpmeynep irad lasareb ini udiseR

.agganares

.5 nobrakordih nad kayniM

ap narocobek irad lasareb tapad nobrakordih nad kayniM lapak nad ador ad

.kaynim tukgnagnep

.6 adilkun oidaR

nanapmiynep iknat narocobek irad lasareb fitkaoidar rusnu uata adilkun oidaR

.fitkaoidar habmil

.7 magoL - tareb magol

.nisneb nad nagnabmanep ,aimik nahab irtsudni irad lasareb tareb magoL

.8 nainatrep habmiL

miL nanakam nanapmiynep tapmet nad naweh narotok irad lasareb nainatrep hab

.kanret

.9 isunam narotoK a

.aisunam ajnit nagnaubmep narulas irad lasareb aisunam narotoK


01

.6.2 riA isuloP aynlubmiT iraD babeyneP nad lah iagabreb helo nakbabesid tapad ria naramecneP gnay kitsiretkarak ikilimem

adebreb - .adeb

nagnudnak ayntakgnineM neirtun adap haragnem tapad isakifortue .

kinagro hapmaS ( narebmoc ria itrepes egawes natakgninep nakbabeynem )

adap haragnem gnay aynamirenem gnay ria adap negisko nahutubek

hurules padahret harap kapmadreb tapad gnay negisko ayngnarukreb

.metsisoke

ynhabmil ria malad ek natulop macam iagabreb gnaubmem irtsudnI itrepes a

tareb magol , niskot ,kinagro kaynim tubesret habmil riA .natadap nad neirtun ,

helo nakraulekid gnay amaturet ,lamret kefe ikilimem kirtsil tikgnabmep gnay ,

apad .ria malad negisko ignarugnem aguj t

.muratic iagnus id itrepes iagnus ek rilagnem gy kirbap habmil itrepeS

.7.2 naklubmitiD gnaY ayahaB taz gnudnagnem ria isulop lisah irad tikaynep tibiB - nad nucareb tafisreb gnay taz

nakigurem tapad anamgnay fitkaoidar nahab natulop aneraK ?apaneK .aisunam

O nagnudnak ilakes kaynab nakulremem 2 naka akam ,nagnarukek alibapa ipatet naka ,

.nakusubmep nad anraw nahaburep idajret natulop padahret naiarugnep sesorp aneraK

s anrupmes naka kadit isulop halubmit aggnihe adap .ria

halada ria isulop malad rasebret nahalasamreP gnarabmesid hapmas nagnaubmep

tapmet tog uata ,tual ,iagnus araum adap hapmas nagnaubmep :aynlasiM . - licek tog

asib inI .nahamur .tikaynep naklubminem

irukrem taZ .gnapeJ id itrepes naidajek hotnoC gnaubid gnay irtsudni haubes helo

gnay takaraysam nad naki hubut nagnirajid isalumukaret atamaniM kulet ek kitsalp

.laggninem aggnih uata tacac atirednem ismusnokgnem

nagnudnak nakaynabeK - irad lasareb natulop malad gnudnakret gnay nagnudnak

nahab - d anamgnay aimik nahab aratna ,reknak aggnih aisunam hubut nagro kasurem tapa

.lld ,nobrak ,adirolkartet ,nozneb ,askar ria ,hamit ,mork ,muidaru ,tanesra :nial

kat/gnusgnal araces ramecret gnay ria ismusmognem gnay aisunam paites igalapA

abreb naka aynhubut nagro akam ,gnusgnal .ayah

mc/rg 5 irad hibel gnay satisned ikilimem tareb magol nahaB 3 tafisreb gnay nad

.nariarep maladid isalumukaret nikames ini nahab nakbabeynem gnay halini iaru nahat

hubut maladek kusam naka ayntujnales gnay ria maladek kusam ini nahab alibapA

,aisunam ayahab naklubminem naka akam gnusgnal kadit nupuam gnusgnal araces kiab

.natahesek adap


11

,gnusgnal araces aliB .halada gnusgnal kadit nad gnusgnal araces irad duskaM

anamgnay gnarab itrepes gnusgnal kat alib ,ipaT .munimid tubesret ria aynlasim

aynmulebes ,ismusnokid nad taubid mulebes isulopreb ria nagned isanimatnokret hadus

.lld ,euk nataubmep maladid ria

:nial aratna ,hubut maladid tareb magol helo naklubmitid tapad gnay ayahaB

.1 )aB( muiraB pudihret alib nucareB .rakabret hadum ,kubres kutnebreb :

u irad metsis nauggnag nad kian harad nanaket nakbabeynem tapad nad arad

.faras

.2 )dC( muimdaC : akij nucareB .rakabret hadum kubres kutneb malad

irad naturaL .reknak nakbabeynem tapaD .pau uata aradu irad purihret

salumukaret ,gnajnap akgnaJ .ucareb tagnas muimdak ,saerknap ,itah id i

.isnetrepih nakbabeynem tapad iagirucid ,diorit nad lajnig

.3 )rC( muimorK fisorok nad kinegonisrak tafisreb nelavaxeh muimork :

lajnig adap nakasurek nad natakgninep ,gnajnap akgnaJ .hubut nagniraj adap

.4 )bP( labmiT kamret akij nucareb : ata na ,pau uata aradu irad purihret u

j adap nanialek ,lajnig nad kato nakasurek nakbabeynem ,gnajnap akgna

.narihalek

.5 )gH( askaR irad purihret uata tiluk helo paresret akij nucareb tagnas :

eynem tapad ,tasup farays metsis adap nucareb,gnajnap akgnaJ .pau nakbab

.narihalek adap nanialek

.6 )gA( kareP ,nucareb : J uba narutnulep ,gnajnap akgna - nenamrep uba

)sucum( asokum narbmem nadatam ,tiluk adap .

.8.2 riA isuloP tabikA :nial aratna ,ria isulop helo naklubmitid gnay tabikA

.a ria emsinagro napudihek aynuggnagreT nagnudnak ayngnarukreb anerak

O( negisko 2)

.b )isakifirtorue( ria nahubmut nad gnaggnag nakadel aynidajreT

.c nariarep rasad nalakgnadneP

.d igoloke nahaburep nakbabeynem nad riovreser gniraynep ayntabmusreT

.e tacac narihalek nad reknak halada gnajnap akgnaj malaD

.f A adisitsap naanuggnep tabik amah hunubmem niales iauses nahibelreb gnay

amaturet anugreb kulhksam nad aggnares hunubmem aguj ,tikaynep nad

rotaderp

.g gnurub nakhab ,knai ,notknalp :itrepes ,onuk atoib naitameK

.h isatuM aimikuel nad ,reknak ,les


21

irad tabikA :nial aratna ,aidepikiw sutis turunem ramecret gnay ria aynlubmit

rijnab nakbabeynem tapaD

isorE

ria rebmus nagnarukeK

ria rebmus nagnarukeK

tikaynep rebmus taubmem tapaD

rosgnol hanaT

iagnus metsisoke kasurem tapaD

.9.2 ahasU - hagecneM naD isatagneM anuG ahasU aynanam gnay idajret naka itsap aynasaib ,najuh misum adaP rijnab nikgnuM .

hakgnal - :nial aratna ,nagnaneg rijnab aynada hagecnem tapad ini hawabid hakgnal

.1 nalaj naanacnerep malaD - nupuam hatniremep margorp kiab nagnukgnil nalaj

aynkiabes takaraysam ayadaws ria pareynem gnay nahab lairetam hilimem

uggnep aynlasim nahab naan ( kolb gnilvap irad lb ko - eb nakuda kolb gnay not

aggnor nagned nususid - alesid ria napaser aggnor - aynales ) halak kadit gnay laH .

,nagnukgnil narulas naatanep halada ayngnitnep surah nupaynnataubmep

tubesret nalaj nataubmep nagned naamasreb .

.2 nagnarakep namalah id alibapA - gnaur tapadret hisam atik hamur nagnarakep -

rumus haltaub ,akubret gnaur - us kaynabes najuh ria napaser rum - .aynkaynab

pecrepmem kutnu ini ria napaser rumus isgnuF .hanat malad ekpaserem ria ta

tapad atik aynranebes ,tubesret ria napaser rumus taubmem nagneD

:tukireb itrepes taafnam helorepmem

o nad kiab pukuc atik hamur ratikesid hanat malad hisreb ria naaidesreP

kaynab .

o pid tapad rumus nailag sakeb hanaT nu nakanugre nahal nubminem kut -

hamur iatnal nakiggninem uata hadner gnay nahal .

o nakoles helo gnupmatret kadit najuh ria alibapA - r nakoles tapad ,hamu

rumus ek nakrilaid - uata hapmas gnaubmem nagnaJ .napaser rumus

,idnam sakeb ria( aggnat hamur habmil ria nakraulegnem nad naicuc

nagnudnak iramecnem saib anerak napaser rumus malad ek )ayniagabes

hanat ria .

o kusam rijnab ria alibapA 02 naiggnitek iapanem hamur ek - utas ,mc 05 -

gnabma sata id atik hamur iatnal nakiggninem halada nalaj aynutas

.rijnab ria naakumrep


31

o nial araC araC .atik hamur kusam utnip naped id luggnat taubmem halada

gnaruk gnires aynsinket ajas aynah ,gnaro nakukalid mumu hadus ini

.liatednem araces anacneret

:nial aratna ,nagnaub ria adap nanagnanep sinej ilakes kaynaB

.1 hab gnaubmem( remirp nanagnanep sesorP na - padnegnem gnay natadap nahab

)gnupagnem uata

nagnirayneP

nenopmok nakgnalihgnem( napadnegneP - natadap nad rofsof nenopmok

nahasimep nad )isnepsusret

napadne nahadnimeP

.2 nahab isisopmoked sesorp( rednukes nanagnanep sesorP - araces natadap nahab

)igoloib

neP lekirt nagniray

fitka rupmuL

.3 reisret nanagnanep sesorP

nahab( isprosdA - )turalret kinagro nahab

marag isartnesnok naknurunem( sisilaodortkelE - iapmas turalret marag

)nakanugid mulebes ,alumes ria isartnesnok adap

nanawalreb sisomsO

akgnalihgnem( isasinarolhK )tikaynep babeynep emsinagro n


41

III baB

putuneP

.1.3 nalupmiseK tapad II baB irad nasahabmep nakrasadreB bbs ,naklupmisid :

sirep halada isuloP rusnu igrene ,taz aynkusam awit ek nial nenopmok uata

.imala sesorp uata aisunam satifitka tabika nagnukgnil malad utauses alageS

.natulop tubesid isulop nakbabeynem gnay

tsirep halada ria isuloP rusnu ,igrene ,taz aynkusam awi nenopmok uata ,

aratna ria isulop rebmuS .uggnagret ria satilauk aggnihes ria malad ek aynial

.aggnat hamur nad ,nainatrep ,irtsudni habmil nial tapad aguj ria isuloP

.rijnab aynaratnaid anacneb naklubminem

agla nakadelep nakbabeynem gnay larenim nanubminep halada isakifortkelE

ayahabreb magol uata nahaB .ria naramecnep iputunem katneres araces

nial nad hamit ,nozneb ,tanesra itrepes - em tapad nial hubut nagro kasur

.reknak nakbabeynem nad aisunam

nad reknak halada gnasap augnaz malad ria isulop naklubmitid gnay tabikA

nagnaneg rijnaB .nainatrep isakifisnetni nakukaleM .tacac iyab narihalek

tabmuynep irad ria narulas nakhisrebmem nagned isataid tapad na

.2.3 naraS :halada imak naras ,igal ada kat ria isulop ragA

o itahreb surah atik aynkiabeS - ada uti ria anerak ria nakanuggnem malad itah

.kadit gnay ada nad isulopret gnay

o radnihret nad hisreb patet raga ratikes nad hamur nagnukgnil id ria halagaJ

mecnep irad .ria nara

o adap hapmas halgnaub ,malok uata iagnus ek hapmas gnaubmem nagnaJ

.ria naramecnep idajret kadit raga ayntapmet

o .nahibelreb araces aggnares nad amah satnarebmep tabo naiakamep iradniH

o as nanubminep idajret akij nad ,iagnusek hapmas gnaubmem nagnaJ id hapm

.rijnab naktabikagnem naka iagnus


51

akatsuP ratfaD

.)8002( otawrapuS malA nauhategneP umlI . nakididneP nemetrapeD naukubreP tasuP :atrakaJ

.lanoisaN

.)9002( suomynonA kinagronA aimiK mukitarP nutnuneP tatkiD .MMU :gnalaM .

rasaD susruK - rasaD adaM hajdaG satisrevinU tatkiD nalupmuK nagnukgniL kapmaD asilanA

HLPP iretneM rotnaK nagneD amaS ajrekeB .4891 .atrakaygoY .

nataheseK padahreT huragneP naD aradU naramecneP IMBPP ranimeS . - .atrakaygoY .mataB

.4891

.)4991( ayrA unsiW ,anahdraW silanA kinkeT nagnukgniL sativitkA oidaR a idnA :atrakaygoY .

.tesffO

.)0102( omotsaH riA isuloP telfaeL .YID nataheseK saniD :atrakaygoY .

.)0102( alraK ,alalarF riA naramecneP . morF /ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.di//:ptth /ria_naramecneP 42 ,

.0102 sutsugA

.)8002( telehciM ,eidilA noitulloP retaW morF . /noitullop_retaW/ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.ne//:ptth ,

.0102 rebotkO 92

.)0102( ramU ,quraF naramecneP halakaM riA morF . //:ptth eerhtineh 0102/di.ca.mmu.tneduts.

halakam/32/10/ - naramecnep - /ria naJ 32 , .0102 irau

.)0102( akitraK riA isuloP halakaM . morF /22/10/0102/di.ca.mmu.tneduts.4k3itr4k//:ptth

halakam - isulop - /ria 02 iraunaJ 22 , .01

.)8002( gnunuN ,anitieM magoL helO riA isuloP . morF /moc.noitomurof.salebtapme//:ptth

lekitra - isulop/02f - ria - helo - magol - /mth.135t eS 52 , .8002 rebmetp

.)9002( dammahuM ,namriF gnabmekreB arageN iD riA isuloP isatA araC morF . .igolonket//:ptth

84586/daer/swen/moc.swenaviv - /gnabmekreb_aragen_id_ria_isulop_isata_arac inuJ 22 , .9002

.)0102( damhA ,anuratardnahC ?riA isuloP babeyneP apA morF . tcaxe/moc.gnoovhs.di//:ptth -

0941102/ymonortsa/secneics - apa - babeynep - isulop - /ria inuJ 9 , .0102

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