PRESENTED BY, NIGHILA V P AUL S2 MTECH,GEC THRISSUR
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PRESENTED BY,
NIGHILA V PAUL
S2 MTECH,GEC THRISSUR
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INTRDUCTION Population increase->More fertilizers & chemicals
Heavy pollution caused by factories near residential
areas. Pollution due to petroleum industries-> 3 stages
-crude oil production
-transportation
-refining operation
Refineries also cause thermal pollution of water bodies
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POLLUTION CONTROL IN
FERTILIZER INDUSTRIES
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FERTILIZER INDUSTRIES• Ammonia plant
• Conversion to urea, ammonium sulphate,nitro lime etc
NITROGENOUSFERTILIZERS
• Nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulphuricacid plants
• Nitrohosphate production
PHOSPHATICFERTILIZERS
• All the above mentioned processesNP OR NPK(COMPLEX)
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FERTILIZER INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION
Classification(5 types)
1.Ammonia & urea plants
2.Ammonia, urea, & ammonium nitrate
plants3. Ammonia, urea, phosphoric acid &
complex fertilizers.
4. Ammonia, urea, ammonium sulphate
& H2so4.
5. Ammonia, urea, phosphoric acid,
nitric acid, sulphuric acid and complex
fertilizer plant
POLLUTANTS PLANT CATEGORY
1 2 3 4 5
pH X X X X X
AMMONIACAL N2 X X X X X
FLUORIDES X X X
SUSPENDEDSOLIDS
X X X
CHROMIUM X X X X X
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EFFLUENTS FROM FERTILIZER INDUSTRY
POLLUTANT AvgConc. in waste
source Effects
Ammonia 732 NH3 & urea plants Toxicity to aquatic life,eutrophication
Urea 614 Urea plants Toxicity of NH3 afterhydrolysis, eutrophication
Arsenic 1.6 Gas purification Plant Poison, black foot disease,affects plants & crops
Oil NA Gas compressorhouses
Prevents o2 dissolution, floats& forms slicks in water
Phosphate 77 Phosphoric acid andcomplex plants
Causes algal blooms
Fluoride 15 Scrubber effluents in
phosphoric acidmanufacture
Dental & skeletal fluorisis,
effects fish hatching
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PLANTS CONSIDERED• AMMONIA PLANT
• AMMONIUM SULPHATE
•PHOSPHORIC ACID
•COMPLEX FERTILIZER PLANT
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I. AMMONIA PLANT EFFLUENTS
1. REMOVAL OF CARBON
Carbon formed by scrubbing the soot particles with water
Effects –choking of pipelines-blocks sunlight & o2 supply in water & disturbs
aquatic life
Treatment-mixing with oil & separation by gravity
-pelletization-vaccum filtration
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Vacuum filtration method
Vaccum filter
pumppump Vaccumpump
condensor
receiver
Carbon cake
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2.OIL REMOVAL
Oil seperator followed by adsorption by coke->oil content<10mg/l
3.HYDROGEN SULPHIDE REMOVAL
a) combustion of H2
S ->SO2
->sulphuric acid
b) Converted to sulphur by claus process
4.NITROGEN-WASH TAIL GAS REMOVAL
a)Flare the gas
b) Catalytic reduction of Nox
c) For low presure steam generation & heating
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AMMONIUM SULPHATE AND PHOSPHORIC
ACID PLANT EFFLUENTS
1. SOLID EFFLUENT
Important solid product->gypsum
But Gypsum may contain fluorineBy hemi-hydrate dihydrate/ dihydrate- hemihydrate
process -> pure gypsum->
uses of gypsum->cement industry
->as soil conditioner
phospho-gypsum can also be used to make sulphuric
acid by mueller- Kuehne process
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2.GASEOUS EFFLUENTS
INDUSTRIAL PLANT ALLOWABLE LIMIT
Single super phosphate plants 500mg/m3
Triple super phosphsate plants 4kg/tonne
Urea palnts(existing) 6kg/tonne
Urea plants(new) 2kg/tonne
•Causes mist formation in sulphuric acid plants•Mist eliminated by mist eliminator(Two Stages)•Other methods of separation of dust->
2.1) PARTICULATE MATTER
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Other methods of separation of dust->
Gravity settling
Traps
impingement separators
louvres Cyclone Separators
Wet collectors
Packed towers
Gravity scrubbers Floating Bed Scrubbing
Electrostatic precipitators
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