pollution

The term Pollution refers to as any

change in the natural quality of the

environment brought about by chemical physical or biological factors.

Types of pollution

Noise pollution

Automobile pollutionIndustrial air pollutionBurning of garbage Brick kilns

Effects on human beings

• Increase in respiratory diseases.

• Cardiovascular diseases and coma.

Effects on animals

• Animals that feed on grass are affected by arsenic poisoning.

Effects on climate

• increase in temperature of the earth.

• This leads to melting of glaciers and icecaps.

Car Pool: Forming and implementing a car pool will reduce the number of cars, thereby, preventing air pollution by cutting down the use of fossil fuels.

Vehicle Care: Timely servicing of the car helps to keep it in a good condition, and also minimizes fuel exhaust. Driving the car at an average speed and turning off in traffic are the thumb rules to save fuel. Make sure to use unleaded petrol and opt for regular pollution checking of your car

Alternative Energy Source: Another effective way to prevent air pollution is to use alternative energy sources such as solar energy, hydroelectric energy, and wind energy.

Minimize Air Pollutants: Always try to minimize smoke emission, as it contributes a lot to air pollution. One way is to compost dried leaves and kitchen waste, instead of burning them.

Smart Purchasing: Remember to carry paper bags and minimize using plastic bags.

Water pollution can be defined as alteration in physical , chemical or biological characteristics of water, making it unsuitable for use in it’s natural state.

•Household detergents• Industrial waste •Offshore drilling and oil spills •Radioactive wastes•Thermal pollution

• Pathogens causes Diseases like cholera, typhoid, diarrhoea, polio and jaundice.

• Eutrophication• Biomagnification

• Plant trees to reduce pollution by sediments.

• Prevent run-off of manure.

• Use nitrogen fixing plants to supplement the use of fertilizers.

• Have a separate drainage for sewage and one for rainwater to prevent overflow of sewage with rainwater.

• Many pesticides are absorbed by plants and reach animals and humans via food chains.

• Nitrogenous fertilizers produce toxic concentration of nitrate and nitrite in the leaves.

• Sewage sludge contains many pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and intestinal worms which causes various types of diseases.

Ways to control soil pollution

• Open dumping : in this method waste materials are dumped in the open low lands far away from the city.

• Sanitary landfills : In this method the waste is packed and dumped at the site and is covered with the earth to prevent insect or rodents from entering into the landfill. The waste is subjected to bacterial decomposition.

Sources of radioactive pollution

X-rays wasteNuclear weaponsAtomic reactors and nuclear fuelRadioactive isotopes

Effects of radioactive pollution

Genetic variation : the damaged caused by radiations is often seen in the offspring's and may be transmitted to many generations.

Somatic variation: short term exposures to radiation can cause damage to organs of the body. The harm done by them includes breast cancer, thyroid cancer, lung cancer and brain cancer.

Effects of radioactive pollution cont.

Biggest radioactive disaster :

A.BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY B.CHERNOBYL DISASTER

Ways to control radioactive pollution Radiation exposure protection : keeping a safe distance from the

source of radiation , avoiding length of the time of exposure, and shielding the object from the direct radiation.

Where possible avoid routine X-rays such as:

I. Chest and lower back X-ray examination in routine physical examinations.

II. Chest radiography in routine prenatal case.

III. Tuberculosis screening by chest radiography.

Ways to control radioactive pollution cont.

Collection storage and disposal : radioactive substances should be stored in deep layers of the lithosphere where their gradual harmless decay can take place. This should be done only after rendering the radioactive material harmless. High activity solid wastes could be packed on shielded containers. Low level liquid and gaseous wastes are usually diluted or dispersed to maximum allowable limits before disposal. Above all men should avoid dealing with nuclear weapons.

Prohibiting blowing of horns near residential areas and schools.Restrictions on loud speakers , specially during night.Planting trees by road side and keeping doors closed in the houses reduce noise reaching our ears.Not to burn fire crackers.

Made by : Bhaumik PatelShewta Das Jagjit Singh BhamraPranav Sharma. [ Commerce S.Y.J.C 2012 – 2013]