Pollution 2015 edition

POLLUTION.

Acid Rain.Greenhouse Effect.Global Warming.Ozono layer depletion.Water Pollution.Waste Waters.Smog. Deforestation.

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What is Acid Rain?.What is Acid Rain?.

It is caused by oxidize of nitrogen and dioxide of sulphur.

Factories, electric power stations and petroleum are the responsable of the acid rain.

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These contaminated gases are part of the water of the clouds.

When it rains pollution goes to rivers, forests, lakes, seas, etc.

When it happens, as like the picture, the contaminated precipitation destroy the forests.

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Solutions.

Reduce the level of sulphur in fuels.

Control the emissions of gases in factories.

Reduce the use of coal and electric power stations to produce electricity.

Use hybrid or electric cars.

Use public transportation like buses, subway or tram.

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What is Greenhouse Effect?.

It is caused by carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere.

These two gases cause that part of the radiation of the sun is not going back again to the atmosphere.

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From the beginning of the Industrial Revolution the level of emissions has been increased .

Only in the past decades, population and countries have been conscious of the seriousness of the problem.

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Kyoto's Protocol

It is a global agreement to reduce the levels of gases that are causing the global warming.

It was signed in 1997 in the japanese city of Kyoto.

Countries agreed to reduce gas emissions.

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The problem is that USA refused to apply the protocol and other countries such as China and India are not included . In past decades, as a consequence of the economic development, China and India emissions have been increased a lot.

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What is Global Warming?What is Global Warming?

From the XVIII century our civilization began to use massively fossil fuels as coal and petroleum

In last 150 years the global temperature in the planet has been increased about one grade.

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By the year 2050 the temperature could rise about two grades.

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Some of the effects of the global warming:Climate changes.Melting of the poles.Melting of the glaciers.Floods.Expansion of some

diseases, parasites as mosquito, etc.

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The future is tomorrow, Global warming is now.

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Water PollutionWater Pollution

It is caused by the humans, factories, agriculture, ranching, etc.

The pollution of rivers, lakes and aquiferous (underground water).

The pollution of seas and oceans.

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What are the waste waters?

It is caused by the human activity.

Waste waters included the waters from the bathrooms, kitchens,washing machines, the dumps, etc.

Waste waters are responsible of the pollution of the rivers, sea and oceans.

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The waste waters must be treated in specialized water plants before to return this water to the rivers or the sea.

In Spain, cities with more than 10.000 people must to treat the waste water.

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Depletion of the ozone layer.

It is caused by the CFC (molecule of chlorine).

The chlorine cause athedestruction of the molecule of ozone in the atmosphere.

The ozone is basic for the living in the earth: the ozone layer filter the sun radiation.

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The depletion was discovered in the 80's in the Antarctica.Since then, the ”hole” in this zone had been reduced about 50%.

From the beginning of the 90's we have not used CFC but we use another gases that contributes to global warming.

CFC last in the atmosphere for 100 years.

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SMOG:The word "smog" was made in the

early 20th century as a portmanteau of the words smoke and fog. The word refer to what was a serious problem in London from the 19th century to the mid 20th century. This kind of smog is

caused by the burning of large amounts of coal within a city and derived from cars emissions and industrial fumes

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Smog in San Francisco, USA

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Smog in New York City, USA

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Smog in Los Angeles, USA

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Smog in Beijing, China

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Smog in Beijing, China

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Smog in Sao Paulo, Brazil

wikipedia 24

Where does smog come from?

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Emissions from factories

UCAR 26

Emissions from power plants

Scrabbers must be installed to screen out sulfur dioxide.

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Emissions from oil and gas wells

1991, Persian Gulf War, hundreds of oil wells were burned by Iraqi Forces.

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Emissions from cars and trucks

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Deforestation.

Deforestation  is the removal of a forest where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.

Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. Tropical rainforests is where the most concentrated deforestation occurs.

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Deforestation occurs for many reasons: trees are cut down to be used or sold as fuel (sometimes in the form of charcoal) or timber, while cleared land is used as pasture for livestock, agriculture plantations and settlements. The removal of trees without sufficient reforestation has resulted in damage to habitat, biodiversity loss and aridity. It has adverse impacts on biosequestration (the capture and storage of the atmospheric greenhouse gas carbon dioxide)of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

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An estimated 7.3 million hectares of forest, which is roughly the size of the country of Panama, are lost each year, according to the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

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