Pollinators 101 Pollinators 101 Victoria Wojcik, Ph.D. Victoria Wojcik, Ph.D. Associate Program Manager Associate Program Manager Pollinator Partnership Pollinator Partnership Simply put, pollination is the transfer Simply put, pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma. stigma. Pollination can occur through self fertilization or by wind, water, or animal vectors. Flowers reward pollinators with essential nutrition: pollen protein and carbohydrate nectar. Plants benefit from ensured reproduction. Meet the pollinators! • Birds • Bees • Bats • Beetles • Butterflies • Moths • Flies • Small mammals • Reptiles 75% of ALL flowering plants depend 75% of ALL flowering plants depend on animal pollinators for on animal pollinators for reproduction reproduction – we rely on pollinators we rely on pollinators to sustain many ecosystem services to sustain many ecosystem services.
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Pollinators 101Pollinators 101
Victoria Wojcik, Ph.D.Victoria Wojcik, Ph.D.Associate Program ManagerAssociate Program Manager
Pollinator PartnershipPollinator Partnership
Simply put, pollination is the transfer Simply put, pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma.stigma.
Pollination can occur through self fertilization or by wind, water, or animal vectors.
Flowers reward pollinators with essential nutrition: pollen protein and carbohydrate nectar.
Plants benefit from ensured reproduction.
Meet the pollinators!
• Birds
• Bees
• Bats
• Beetles
• Butterflies
• Moths
• Flies
• Small mammals
• Reptiles
75% of ALL flowering plants depend 75% of ALL flowering plants depend on animal pollinators for on animal pollinators for reproduction reproduction –– we rely on pollinators we rely on pollinators to sustain many ecosystem servicesto sustain many ecosystem services.
Ecosystem service supported by Ecosystem service supported by PollinatorsPollinators
Pollination Pollination but alsobut also
Food productionFood production
Raw materialsRaw materials
Recreational Recreational opportunitiesopportunities
and . . .and . . .
Ecosystem service supported by Ecosystem service supported by PollinatorsPollinators
Climate Climate RegulationRegulation
Erosion ControlErosion Control
Nutrient CyclingNutrient Cycling
Cultural SupportCultural Support
Ecosystem services provided by Ecosystem services provided by pollinatorspollinators
PollinationPollination Food ProductionFood ProductionRaw MaterialsRaw Materials RecreationRecreation
Ecosystem services provided by Ecosystem services provided by pollinatorspollinators
PollinationPollination Food ProductionFood ProductionRaw MaterialsRaw Materials RecreationRecreation
Ecosystem services provided by Ecosystem services provided by pollinatorspollinators
PollinationPollination Food ProductionFood ProductionRaw MaterialsRaw Materials RecreationRecreation
Ecosystem services provided by Ecosystem services provided by pollinatorspollinators
PollinationPollination Food ProductionFood ProductionRaw MaterialsRaw Materials RecreationRecreation
Ecosystem services supported by Ecosystem services supported by pollinatorspollinators
Climate RegulationClimate Regulation Erosion Control Erosion Control Nutrient CyclingNutrient Cycling ..and others..and others
Ecosystem services supported by Ecosystem services supported by pollinatorspollinators
Climate RegulationClimate Regulation Erosion ControlErosion ControlNutrient CyclingNutrient Cycling ..and others ..and others
Ecosystem services supported by Ecosystem services supported by pollinatorspollinators
Climate RegulationClimate Regulation Erosion Control Erosion Control Nutrient CyclingNutrient Cycling ..and others ..and others
How do we value pollinator services?How do we value pollinator services?
Value of crop pollination Value of crop pollination + +
Value of other pollinator Value of other pollinator servicesservices
Total value of pollination services =Total value of pollination services =Value of crop pollinationValue of crop pollination + Value of other pollinator services+ Value of other pollinator services
Crop pollination values are Crop pollination values are generally well understood:generally well understood:•• data on pollinatordata on pollinator--crop associationscrop associations•• costcost--benefit analysis for cropsbenefit analysis for crops•• value of pollinator contractsvalue of pollinator contracts
•• loss due to pollinator declines, etcloss due to pollinator declines, etc..
What values do we already know for What values do we already know for cropcrop--based pollinator services?based pollinator services?
$217 billion dollars $217 billion dollars in global crop production a result of insect in global crop production a result of insect
pollinationpollinationGallai et al. 2008Gallai et al. 2008
Total value of pollination services =Total value of pollination services =Value of crop pollination + Value of crop pollination + Value of other pollinator servicesValue of other pollinator services
Total (true) value of pollination services = Total (true) value of pollination services =
crop + crop +
and a percentage of the and a percentage of the following:following:
recreation + recreation +
climate + climate +
disturbance regulation + disturbance regulation +
raw materials + raw materials +
erosion + erosion +
nutrient cycling +nutrient cycling +
culture + culture +
unknown ...unknown ...
Pollinators are in distressPollinators are in distress
Habitat LossHabitat Loss
DiseasesDiseases
PathogensPathogens
PestsPests
Competition for nonCompetition for non--native speciesnative species
NonNon--target effects of target effects of chemicalschemicals
Climate ChangeClimate Change
Colony Collapse DisorderColony Collapse Disorder
Contact us at: Contact us at: [email protected]@[email protected]@pollinator.org
Thank you and welcome
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