WHAT IS ?
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WHAT IS?
Do you think without caring, you are not involved?
Why are you interested? /disinterested/ uninterested?
What do you know about Politics?
POLITICS is defined as the art and science of Government.
Politics involves making common decisions for a group of people.
“Man is a political animal”
Aristotle
Tolerance, respect, support and compromise are the language
of politics
Politics itself
admits differences.
POLIS
A process in the political system in which the goals of that system are SELECTED and
ORDERED in terms of priority in the ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES. The Allocation
of resources is done through authoritative decisions by individuals, groups or
institutions to formulate and implement policies and programs in behalf of the rest
of the members of the society.
Who gets what, when & how”
Harold Lasswell, 1936
“Politics is the exercise of power”
Robert Dahl (and other ‘realists’)
“Politics involves the authoritative
allocation of values for a society”
David Easton, The Political System,
1953
Power Who holds it (authority)
How do you get it (politics)
RECURRING THEMES
POLITICS:The processes whereby a society makes binding
decisions
who pays how much tax?
How to regulate commercial activity?
How to regulate civil activity?
POLITICS AND ITS OBJECTS
Ideas and interests
POLITICS AND ITS OBJECTS
State/Government
POLITICS AND ITS OBJECTSCitizens/Communities
Mankind will never see an end of trouble until... lovers of wisdom come to hold political power, or the holders of power... become lovers of wisdom. ~Plato, The Republic
To put the world right in order, we must first put the nation in order; to put the nation in order, we must first put the family in order; to put the family in order, we must first cultivate our personal life; we must
first set our hearts right.
Confucius
“The price of apathy towards public affairs is to be ruled by evil men”
Plato
THE STUDY OF POLITICS DEALS WITH:
GOVERNANCEPOLITICAL PROCESSES
INSTITUTIONS GROUPSINDIVIDUALS
ROLES
STRUCTURES
POWER
VALUES
GOVERNANCE
INDIVIDUALS
GROUPS
POLITICAL PROCESSES
INSTITUTIONS
POLITICS ALSO DEALS WITH THE FOLLOWING CONCEPTS:
GROUPS
GOVERNANCE
The exercise of POLITICAL, ECONOMIC and ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY in the management
of POLITICAL AFFAIRS. (NEDA, 1998)
1. POLITICAL GOVERNANCE
2. ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE
3. ADMINISTRATIVE GOVERNANCE
4. ECOLOGICAL GOVERNANCE
REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE
TRANSPARENCY
ACCOUNTABILITY
PARTICIPATORYSUSTAINABILITY
LEGITIMACY
EFFICIENCY AND
EFFECTIVENESS IN THE USE OF RESOURCES
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
1. ELECTORAL ACTIVITY
2. LOBBYING
3. ORGANIZING
4. CONTACTING
5. VIOLENCE
GOOD GOVERNANCE SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
1. PROMOTE EQUITY AND EQUALITY
GOOD GOVERNANCE SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
2. DEVELOP RESOURCES AND METHODS OF GOVERNANCE
GOOD GOVERNANCE SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
3. PROMOTE GENDER BALANCE
GOOD GOVERNANCE SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
4. MOBILIZE RESOURCES FOR SOCIAL PURPOSE
GOOD GOVERNANCE SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
5. STRENGTHENS INDIGENOUS MECHANISMS
GOOD GOVERNANCE SHOULD BE ABLE
TO:
1. OPERATE BY RULE OF LAW
GOOD GOVERNANCE SHOULD BE ABLE
TO:
2. DEFINE AND TAKE OWNERSHIP OF NATIONAL ISSUES
GOOD GOVERNANCE SHOULD BE ABLE
TO:
3. DEAL WITH TEMPORAL ISSUES
GOOD GOVERNANCE SHOULD ALSO BE:
1. SERVICE ORIENTED
GOOD GOVERNANCE SHOULD ALSO BE:
2. REGULATORY RATHER THAN CONTROLLING
GOOD GOVERNANC
E SHOULD ALSO BE:
3. ENABLING AND FACILITATIVE
CONCEPT OF POWER
POWER is the capacity of an actor to compel or influence other actors to alter their behavior or to do what they would not do otherwise.
POWER may be measured in terms of its
DOMAIN, SCOPE and
WEIGHT.
DOMAIN OF POWER refers to the aggregate of individuals whose
behavior it can alter.
SCOPE OF POWER covers the values implicated in the objectives of the power wielder.
WEIGHT OF POWER refers to the extent it
affects policies
AUTHORITY refers to the formal or legal relationships between policymakers and citizens.
Influence is the capacity to produce an effect without the threat of
coercion.
LEGITIMACY is the extent to which citizens regard the state and its
institutions including its policies and programs as morally right and
acceptable.
ATTITUDE is a learned predisposition
towards political objects. It is an
idea charged with emotions, which
predisposes certain kinds of actions to
a particular situation.
PUBLIC OPINION refers to the
summation of the expressed or verbalized attitudes of individuals.
PERCEPTION is the expression of all those members of a group who are
giving attention in any way to a given issue. It is a selection process by
which individuals choose and organize stimuli that they think fit for their
attention.
VALUES are enduring beliefs that a specific end-state of existing order or mode of conduct preferable to an
opposite state. It includes the goals targeted by a
political activity and the behavior employed in achieving said goals.
CONFLICT is a disharmony arising from stresses and strains due to
some changes in the political environment.
DECISION-MAKING is the process by which authorized
individuals or groups make decisions with the effect of allocating resources in the
society through resolutions, laws, policies, programs,
decrees, etc.
According to JOHN CALHOUN “
interests were destined to be
varied and diverse in the society”
Because of diversity, individuals tend to
associate themselves.
Decision Making
Policy
Political Environment
Supports
Demands
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