POLITICAL PARTY: NO PARTY DESIGNATION TERM: 1789-1797 PRESIDENT NUMBER: #1 GEORGE WASHINGTON biw=1680&bih=959&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=SxPU_s6N-

POLITICAL PARTY: NO PARTY DESIGNATION

TERM: 1789-1797

PRESIDENT NUMBER: #1

GEORGE WASHINGTON

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=george+washington&hl=en&biw=1680&bih=959&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=SxPU_s6N-BqoeM:&imgrefurl=http://www.pissedonpolitics.com/%3Fp%3D2393&docid=YpgyXEZ1Lvk5SM&imgurl=http://www.pissedonpolitics.com/George-Washington.jpg&w=450&h=569&ei=J3-bTqbXPOPm0QGtrKXVBA&zoom=1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington

General Information

Vice President: John Adams (1789-1797 )Cabinet members (all 1789-1797):

Henry Knox as Secretary of War John Jay as Secretary of Foreign Affairs Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State Edmund Randolph as Attorney General

States Admitted into Union North Carolina: Nov. 21, 1789 Rhode Island: May 29, 1790 Vermont: March 4, 1791 Kentucky: June 1,1792 Tennessee: June 1, 1796

http://www.legendsofamerica.com/photos-americanhistory/John%20Adams,%20Asher%20B.%20Durand-500.jpg

http://americanhistory.about.com/od/states/a/state_admission.htm

http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/washington/section8.rhtml

John Adams

1st Term (1789-1792)

George WashingtonUnanimously voted to be

presidentElectoral college: 69 votes

Promised to uphold the Constitution of the US

Said that he would preserve the "sacred fire of liberty”

No popular vote until 1824No party designation

John AdamsElectoral college: 34

votes

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1789.svg

The American Pageant 12th Edition pg. A58

http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/washington/section8.rhtml

2nd Term (1792-1797)

George WashingtonUnanimously voted to be

presidentElectoral vote: 132

Originally wanted to retire after his first presidential term

Decided to run again to try to halt the rise of political parties

No popular vote until 1824No party designation

John AdamsElectoral vote:77

George ClintonElectoral vote: 50

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1792.svgThe American Pageant 12th Edition pg. A58

http://www.presidentelect.org/e1792.html

George Washington – First President (1789)

George Washington becomes the first president of the United States

He was unanimously votedThe first inauguration took place on April 30, 1789Sworn in by Chancellor of New York Robert LivingstonThe inaugural ceremony took place on the balcony

of Federal Hall in New York City, then the first US Capitol and the first site where the 1st United States Congress met

Impact: George Washington leads the nation as the first president and becomes a role model for others to follow

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_Washington

Judiciary Act of 1789

Established a federal court systemThe judicial branch composed of a Supreme CourtCourt composed of one Chief Justice

and five Associate JusticesImpact: created 13 judicial districts

within 11 states that had then ratified the Constitution. The courts are also instruments of democratic government, binding a diverse nation together.

http://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/democrac/8.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1789

http://www.xtimeline.com/__UserPic_Large/1800/ELT200711111159239058643.JPG

North Carolina admitted to Union (1789)

In 1653, some Virginians settled in what would become North Carolina

In 1663, King Charles II issued a royal charter to eight nobles to settle the area south of Virginia. They created Carolina and included the previous settlement

Due to internal problems, crown took over colony and formed North and South Carolina out of it in 1729

Impact: growing class of planters, would join the Confederate States of America

http://americanhistory.about.com/cs/colonialamerica/p/ncarolinacolony.htm

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Map_of_North_Carolina_highlighting_Franklin_County.svg/800px-Map_of_North_Carolina_highlighting_Franklin_County.svg.png

Samuel Slater – first American factory (1790)

“The Father of the Factory System”given credit for building the first

successful water-powered cotton millstyle of factory construction and

workforce management set the pattern for industrial development throughout New England

Impact: represented a tremendous step forward for industry in the United States, which had been struggling to catch up to Great Britain in technological advancement

http://www.novelguide.com/a/discover/eueh_02/eueh_02_00827.html

http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/sia/31.1/images/malone_fig07b.jpg

The American Pageant 12th Edition pg 300

Alexander Hamilton’s financial program (1790)

From the revolution, the federal government had a huge debt: $54 million including interest. The states owed another $25 million

Hamilton proposed that the government assume the entire debt of the federal government and the states

Plan was to borrow new money at lower interest rate For southern votes, Hamilton promised to support

locating the national capital on the banks of the Potomac River, the border between two southern states, Virginia and Maryland

He was very successful

Impact: he made the United States attractive to foreign investors http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID

=6

http://www.wpclipart.com/money/money_bags/money_bag_green.png.html

Republican Motherhood (1790)

Women who ran households in the absence of men became more assertive

 If the republic were to succeed, women must be schooled in virtue so they could teach their children

The first American female academies were founded in the 1790s

Education and respect would lead to the emergence of a powerful, outspoken middle class of women

Impact: Women were becoming more important in society http://www.ushistory.org/us/12d.asp

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/The_artist_and_his_family_james_peale.jpg

Rhode Island admitted into Union (1790)

Known for its fierce independenceWas last to ratify US ConstitutionRoger Williams banished to England by

Massachusetts Bay Colony for beliefs in separation of church and state

He fled and formed Providence in 1636.Anne Hutchinson also banished for speaking

out against the Church in Massachusetts Bay She formed Portsmouth. All settlements joined together with

permission from England to form Providence Plantations – later called Rhode Island

Impact: first to guarantee all its citizens freedom of worship http://americanhistory.about.com/cs/colonialamerica/p

/rhodecolony.htm

http://www.rhodeislandsexoffenders.net/images/maps/rhode_island-2.png

First Bank of the US (1791)

Modeled after the Bank of Englandcollect taxes, hold government funds,

make loansHamilton argued that Congress had

power to create a bank – Constitution granted federal government authority to do anything "necessary and proper" to carry out constitutional functions (in this case fiscal duties)

In 1791, Congress passed a bill creating a national bank for a term of 20 years

Impact: A national bank was created and led to future banks

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=6

http://gulfofmexicooilspillblog.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/history_girard_national_bank.jpg

Bill of Rights (1791)

First ten amendments to the Constitution, which limit the power of the U.S. federal government

serve to protect the natural rights of liberty and property freedom of religion free speech free press free assembly free association right to keep and bear arms

Came into effect December 15, 1791 through the process of ratification by three-fourths of the States

Impact: plays a key role in American law and government, and remains a vital symbol of the freedoms and culture of the nation

http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/billofrightsintro.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights

http://www.redstaplerchronicles.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/bill.gif

George Washington – Second Term (1793)

Took place in the Senate Chamber of Congress Hall in Philadelphia on March 4, 1973

The President gave the shortest inaugural address ever given

Address was one of the few ever given before the oath was taken

Unanimously voted for a second timeImpact: George Washington starts the tradition of

presidents serving for two terms because any longer would give a man too much power, as he said

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_Washington

Cotton Gin (1793)

Eli Whitney - inventor and a pioneer in the mass production of cotton

automated the seed separation process

generate up to fifty pounds of cleaned cotton daily, making cotton production profitable for the southern states

Manufactured as many cotton gins as possible and installed them throughout Georgia and the southern states

Impact: revolutionized the cotton industry in the United States

http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/cotton_gin.htm

http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/21900/21971/cotton_gin_21971_lg.gif

Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)

Designed to keep America out of further warsStated that the US would:

not offer protection to Americans who violated neutrality laws prosecute anyone within its jurisdiction who violated international

law with respect to neutralityMany supported the French cause because they

considered the French resistance to be similar to their own fight during the Revolutionary War. Others were on England's side.

Washington believed that if they got involved in the European war, it could mean destruction to the States through division or bringing the war to America

Impact: kept the US from war with Englandhttp://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h453.html

http://www.revolutionary-war-and-beyond.com/proclamation-of-neutrality-by-george-washington-april-22-1793.html

Citizen Genet Affair (1793)

Edmond-Charles Genêt - French Ambassador to the US during French Revolution

was dispatched to the US to promote American support for France's wars with Spain and Britain

Instead of traveling to Philadelphia to present himself to George Washington for accreditation, he stayed in South Carolina

goals in South Carolina were to recruit and arm American privateers who would join French expeditions against the British

commissioned four privateering ships and raised a militia

He endangered American neutrality in the war between France and Britain

Impact: His activities violated an American proclamation of neutrality in the European conflict and greatly embarrassed France’s supporters in the US

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/118798/Citizen-Genet-Affairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond-Charles_Gen%C3%AAt

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Edmond-Charles_Gen%C3%AAt.png

Fugitive Slave Law of 1973

Guaranteed right of a slaveholder to recover an escaped slave

Slave hunters were allowed to capture an escapee in any territory or state and were required only to confirm orally before a state or federal judge that the person was a runaway

Impact: Fugitive Slave Act was inconsistently enforced and provoked ill feeling between north and south states

http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h480.html

http://www.libraries.wvu.edu/delany/freeman.gif

Jay Treaty With England (1794-95)

The withdrawal of British soldiers from posts in the American West

A commission established to settle border issues between the U.S. and Canada resolve American losses in British ship seizures and Loyalist

losses during the War of IndependenceWashington was still a widely admired man, but he came under sharp attack during this time Jay resigned from the Supreme CourtImpact: significant because of the tremendous uproar it caused

http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h455.html

http://www.xtimeline.com/__UserPic_Large/4754/ELT200802010112056404664.PNG

Whiskey Rebellion of 1794

A tax protestFarmers who sold their corn in the

form of whiskey had to pay a tax which was a part of Hamilton's program to pay off national debt

Tariff eliminated any profit by the farmers from the sale of an important cash crop

About 20 men were arrested, but all were later acquitted or pardoned

Impact: demonstrated that the new national government had the willingness and ability to suppress violent resistance to its laws

http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/whiskey/

http://www.publicbookshelf.com/public_html/The_Great_Republic_By_the_Master_Historians_Vol_II/whiskeyre_if.html

http://www.dlt.ncssm.edu/presidents/Lesson_Plans/Washington_Lesson_Plans/Political_Cartoon_LP/Cartoon_4_Whiskey_Rebellion.JPG

Battle of Fallen Timbers (1974)

Final battle of the Northwest Indian War struggle between American Indian tribes affiliated

with the Western Confederacy and the United States for control of the Northwest Territory

U.S. forces used their superior numbers and arms to advantage

The battle was a decisive victory for the United States

United States led by General Anthony Wayne over a confederacy of native Americans led by Miami Chief Little Turtle opened the Northwest Territory for white settlement

Impact: ended major hostilities in the region until Tecumseh's War and the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811.

http://www.fallentimbersbattlefield.com/about.asp

http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1015.html

http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQDo-ZT3gMeV8C2eS3SW-HYxJnZwy0-bz5maZvEbSsH9A7i1WGyA09TFQ_X

Treaty of Greenville (1795)

Former contending forces gathered at Greenville (today in western Ohio) to sign peace agreement

Terms of the Treaty of Greenville included: The tribes agreed to surrender their claims to lands in the southeastern portion

of the Northwest Territory The tribes gave up additional defined areas that were used by the whites as

portages and fort locations. This category included Fort Detroit and the site of the future town of Chicago on Lake Michigan

The United States government agreed to make an immediate payment of to $20,000 in goods to the tribes, as well as annual payments of $9,500 in goods to be divided among specified tribes

The tribes retained the right to hunt throughout the area. The Native Americans abided by the terms of the treaty American settlers did not. New white settlements outside of the

treaty area were established almost immediately Impact: Resistance would emerge in the early years of the next

century in lands slightly farther westhttp://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1016.html

Naturalization Act 1795

Repealed and replaced the Naturalization Act of 1790During the 1790's, many in U.S. were concerned with the

growth in number of political refugeesCongress on January 29, 1795 modified the Act of 1790The 1795 Act differed from the 1790 Act by increasing

the period of required residence from two to five years in the United States

Introduced the Declaration of Intention requirement, which created a two-step naturalization process

Conferred the status of citizen and not natural born citizen

Impact: people lived in the United States longer if they wanted to become a citizen

http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/naturalization/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1795

Pinckney Treaty With Spain (1795)

Thomas Pinckney, U.S. minister to Britain, was dispatched to Spain and won two highly wanted concessions: Spain recognized U.S. borders at the

Mississippi and the 31st parallel (the northern border of Florida, a Spanish possession)

Spain granted Americans the right to deposit goods for transshipment at New Orleans

Spain granted these to the United States, not from fear of America's military might, but from concern over major power diplomatic realities

Impact: treaty allowed the U.S. to gain access to the area now known as the states of Mississippi and Alabama

http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/sanlorenzo/

http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h454.html

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Thomas_Pinckney.jpg

Washington’s Farewell Address

Was later named a "Farewell Address" valedictory after 45 years of service to the

new republic, first during the French and Indian War, through the American Revolution, and finally as the nation's first president

Warning against the rise of political parties and sectionalism as a threat to national unity

Foreign affairs – Washington called for America "to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington's_Farewell_Address

http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/farewell.html

Washington’s Farewell Address

Warns the people to question the motives of any person or group of people who argue that the land within the borders of the United States is too large to be ruled as a republic

Strong warnings on the dangers of sectionalism, arguing that the true motives of a sectionalist are to create distrust or rivalries between regions and people to gain power and take control of the government

Washington argues that political parties must be restrained in a popularly elected government because of: their tendency to distract the government from their duties create unfounded jealousies among groups and regions raise false alarms amongst the people promote riots and insurrection provide foreign nations and interests access to the government where they

can impose their will upon the countryhttp://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/farewell.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington's_Farewell_Address

Quotes

PRAISE “It wasn’t his generalship

that made him stand out . . . It was the way he attended to and stuck by his men. His soldiers knew that he respected and cared for them, and that he would share their severe hardships.” –Richard Neustadt

“America Needs a Leader Like George Washington”—John Ridpath

CRITICISM“Washington's

intellect, was not of the very first order.”—Thomas Jefferson

“Washington was guilty of nepotism, wasting public funds, coveting a monarchy and needlessly seeking war against France.”—Benjamin Bache

http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h459.html

http://www.npg.si.edu/exh/travpres/gws3.htm

http://ariwatch.com/GeorgeWashington.htm

http://www.michaelleestallard.com/george-washington-worthy-of-praise-2

Impact and Legacy

Became known as the “Father of Our Country”Was the first presidentWas a role model for future presidentsWas a leader for the country as well as for the army His choice to not take a third term contributed

powerfully to establishing a two term tradition for American presidents

His firm leadership gave a credibility to the new federal government that assured its survivability

His administration's fiscal policies brought sorely needed economic stability

His leadership kept the country safely removed from involvement in the Anglo-French conflicts of the 1790s

http://gardenofpraise.com/ibdwash.htm

The American Pageant 12th Edition pg 201

http://www.npg.si.edu/exh/travpres/gws3.htm

PERIOD 7

DUE: OCTOBER 18, 2011

BY: SARAH PARK