Political Political Organization of Organization of Space Space An Introduction An Introduction
Political Concepts in Political Concepts in SpaceSpace
TerritorialityTerritoriality Attempt by individual or group to Attempt by individual or group to
control people, phenomena, and control people, phenomena, and relationships by delimiting and relationships by delimiting and asserting control over a asserting control over a geographic areageographic area
SovereigntySovereignty having the having the ““last saylast say”” (control) over a (control) over a
territory – politically or militarilyterritory – politically or militarily
Territorial integrityTerritorial integrity Ability of a government to control its territoryAbility of a government to control its territory
Political Concepts in Political Concepts in SpaceSpace
Critical Thinking: List Critical Thinking: List Examples of…Examples of…
1.1. StateState
2.2. NationNation
3.3. Nation-StateNation-State
4.4. Multinational StateMultinational State
5.5. Multi-state NationMulti-state Nation
Birth of the Modern StateBirth of the Modern State Peace of Westphalia Peace of Westphalia
(1648)(1648)
Treaty that ended Treaty that ended ““Thirty YearsThirty Years’’ War War””
Clearly defined Clearly defined borders, recognition borders, recognition of statehood, of statehood, guarantees of securityguarantees of security
Territory over peopleTerritory over people
Nation, State, Nation-StateNation, State, Nation-State We often use We often use nationnation, , statestate and and countrycountry
interchangeably, but there are distinctions:interchangeably, but there are distinctions:
NationNation Culturally defined group of people with shared pastCulturally defined group of people with shared past
Nation, Nation, StateState, Nation-, Nation-StateState
StateState A politically A politically
organized territory organized territory withwith A permanent A permanent
populationpopulation
A defined A defined territoryterritory
A governmentA government
Nation, State, Nation-StateNation, State, Nation-State
Nation-StateNation-State A politically A politically
organized area organized area where nation and where nation and state occupy the state occupy the same spacesame space
European ModelEuropean Model
Diffusion of Nation-StateDiffusion of Nation-State
European colonialismEuropean colonialism ColonialismColonialism
Rule by an autonomous power of a Rule by an autonomous power of a subordinate powersubordinate power
Often creates unequal cultural and economic Often creates unequal cultural and economic relationsrelations
Two wavesTwo waves 1616thth Century – Americas Century – Americas 1919thth Century – Africa/Asia Century – Africa/Asia
Diffusion of Nation-StateDiffusion of Nation-State
Colonial administrationColonial administration Europeans replicate political organization of Europeans replicate political organization of
home countryhome country Administrative regions survive as Administrative regions survive as
independent states todayindependent states today
Often, colonial borders have little to do Often, colonial borders have little to do with ethnicity or national identitywith ethnicity or national identity
DemocracyDemocracy
People, rather than People, rather than monarchy or monarchy or colonizer, are colonizer, are ultimate sovereignultimate sovereign
Nation is Nation is associated with associated with statestate
Types of StatesTypes of States
Multinational Multinational StateState
More than one More than one nation in its nation in its bordersborders
Multistate NationMultistate Nation
When a nationWhen a nation’’s boundaries cross two or more s boundaries cross two or more statesstates
Stateless NationStateless Nation A people (nation) without a state of their A people (nation) without a state of their
ownown
EnclaveEnclave
A nation or state A nation or state completely completely surrounded by surrounded by another stateanother state
Lesotho in South Lesotho in South AfricaAfrica
Any enclaves in the Any enclaves in the United States?United States?
ExclaveExclave Part of a nation or Part of a nation or
state that is not state that is not connected to the connected to the rest of the staterest of the state
Kaliningrad, RussiaKaliningrad, Russia
Are there any US Are there any US exclaves?exclaves?
CapitalismCapitalism Dominant economic Dominant economic systemsystem
Market for goods and Market for goods and services determines services determines allocationallocation
CommodificationCommodification Placing monetary value Placing monetary value
on all thingson all things
Capitalist World SystemCapitalist World System
Immanuel Wallerstein (1987)Immanuel Wallerstein (1987) In a capitalist world you will have three In a capitalist world you will have three
tiers of states:tiers of states: CoreCore
Greater wealth; high technologyGreater wealth; high technology
PeripheryPeriphery Poor; low technologyPoor; low technology
Semi-peripherySemi-periphery MixMix