Political Instrumentalisation of the International Crime Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

POLITICAL INSTRUMENTALISATION

OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIME TRIBUNAL

FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA

Vojislav [e{elj, Ph.D.

Serbian Radical PartyBelgrade 2011

Vojislav Šešelj, Ph.D.POLITICAL INSTRUMENTALISATION

OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIME TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA

Director of the publishing sectorOgnjen Mihajlović

Editorial staffIvana Borac, Ljubinka Božović, Lazar Macura, Vesna Marić,

Ljiljana Mihajlović, Biljana Oluić, Severin Popović,Marina Ristić, Zlatija Sević, Milica Šešelj

Published bySerbian Radical Party,

Trg Pobede 3, Zemun – BelgradeFor the publisher

Vojislav Šešelj, Ph.D. Printed by

Printing house DOO Dragić, ZrenjaninFor the printing house

Momčilo DragićPrint run500 copies

CIP - Katalogizacija u publikacijiNarodna biblioteka Srbije, Beograd

341.645.5POLITICAL Instrumentalisation of the

International Crime Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia / Vojislav Šešelj. - Belgrade : Serbian Radical Party, 2011 (Zrenjanin : Dragić). - 287 str. ; 25 cmForeward pages 3-4 – Boris Aleksić

Tiraž 500.

ISBN 978-86-7886-103-1

a) Међународни кривични трибунал за бившу Југославију (Хаг)COBISS.SR-ID 186466828

Fo re wardRe spec ted re a ders, in your hands you ha ve a bo ok by Pro fes sor Vo i slav Se selj, Ph.D., with

the se lec ted cables of the US Go vern ment which be ca me acces si ble to the pu blic thro ugh theIn ter net si tes of the Wi ki le aks in the co ur se of 2011. The su bject of the se do cu ments is the bac -ksta ge ma ne u ve rings in re gard to the work of the ICTY. The Ha gue Tri bu nal is an ex ten si on ofthe Go vern ments of the US and Gre at Bri tain and of the ir in tel li gen ce agen ci es. By abu sing thisin sti tu tion, which was cre a ted in 1993, the Uni ted Sta tes and Gre at Bri tain ac hi e ve the go als ofthe ir fo re ign po licy. The ir main aspi ra tion is to ju stify the cri mes they com mit ted with the de -struc tion of the SFRY and to ma ke the Serbs, as the ir ene mi es, re spon si ble for all the mis de eds.This is why the Serbs are tre a ted as sca pe go ats by the ICTY. In or der to ac hi e ve this, the re pre -sen ta ti ves of the US and GB ha ve in clu ded a lar ge num ber of the ir agents and as so ci a tes in tothe Pro se cu tion, Register, and ot her ser vi ces of the ICTY. Ac cor ding to the al le ga ti ons (pre sen -ted in the bo ok “Pe a ce and Pu nis hment”) of Flo ren ce Hart mann, who was an advi sor and spo -ke sper son to the Chi ef Pro se cu tor for the Bal kans Car la del Pon te, Ame ri can and Bri tish in tel -li gen ce agen ci es ha ve in ter fe red with the work of the ICTY Pro se cu tion from the very be gin -ning. Ms Hart mann sta tes that in mid-1994, when “the Tri bu nal co uld fi nally com men ce itswork”, the re ca me 22 Pen ta gon and CIA of fi ci als, with the ne ces sary equ ip ment for the workof the ICTY Pro se cu tion. Mi li tary analysts and lawyers, in fact in tel li gen ce of fi cers, ha ve beenac com plis hing stra te gic tasks in the Tri bu nal, ser ving all the ti me the ir own Go vern ments. TheAn glo sa xons ha ve ac hi e ved the su pre macy in the Tri bu nal. Flo ren ce Hart mann qu o tes thewords of Jeffrey Nice, the NA TO spo ke sman, that we re said in re gard to the cri mes com mit tedaga inst the Serbs in Ko so vo and Me to hia: “You may be as su red that we (the NA TO) and theTri bu nal are one and the sa me thing...” and “I am su re that Lo u i se Ar bo ur (the Pro se cu tor-in-Chi ef) will in dict only the per sons of the Yugo slav na ti o na lity, no one el se.” Flo ren ce Hart mann,the for mer of fi cial of the ICTY Pro se cu tion, has furt her ex pla i ned that the re was for med a spe -cial “Te am of Mi li tary Analysts” to in ter fe re with the work of pro se cu tors and the ir de pu ti es.“The Ame ri cans and the Bri tish hur ried to pro vi de the se highly qu a li fi ed ofi ci als to mo ni tor andcon trol the stra te gi es of the cri mi nal pro se cu tion. Be ing rec ru i ted from the best in tel li gen ce agen -ci es, and re ma i ning loyal to the ir Go vern ments, the se mi li tary analysts are un do ub tfully the mostca pa ble per son nel of the Tri bu nal Florence Hartmann furt her says that the Pro se cu tor in Slo bo -dan Mi lo se vic Ca se, Jef frey Ni ce, was an agent of the sec ret Bri tish agency, MI6, for manyyears. Ac cor ding to her al le ga ti ons, Bill Stueb ner, an advi sor to the Pro se cu tor-in-Chi ef Ric hardGold stone, is in fact an agent of the US Defense In tel li gen ce Agency.

By the year 2003 at the la test they we re jo i ned by the Go vern ment of Fran ce, which ga veits sup port to the pri o ri ti es of the An glo a me ri can fo re ign po licy. Was hing ton, Lon don and Pa riswant to ex pand the ir ex pe ri en ces in the con trol and abu se of the ICTY to the work of ot her in -ter na ti o nal cri mi nal co urts, in clu ding the In ter na ti o nal Criminal Co urt (ICC) in the Ha gue. In acon fi den tial cable (03THE HA GUE1806) of July 15 2003, writ ten in the US Em bassy to theHa gue the re ha ve been ci ted the words of the ICC Pro se cu tor-in-Chi ef Lu is Mo re no Ocam po,who said be fo re the stu dents of “Hu ma nity in Ac tion” sum mer co ur se that he was in ve sti ga tingthe ac ti ons of the Bri tish tro ops in Ira que. On that oc ca sion a Bri tish ICTY pro se cu tor, who was

3

pre sent, “al most fell off his cha ir”. Ho we ver, a US as so ci a te in the ICC, Bru no Cat ha la, elec tedas a Sec re tary, af ter ser ving as a Registrar De puty, pro mi sed the Ame ri cans in a con fi den tial con -ver sa tion that the ICC wo uld not in dict Ame ri can and Bri tish ci ti zens. In that re gard, Mr. Cat -ha la war ned Ocam po “to ta ke ca re what he talks abo ut”, ma king the ICC Pro se cu tor-in-Chi efto mo dify his vi ews. Mr. Cat ha la al so pro tec ted the US in te rests in the ICC.

On August 30 2011, the Wi ki le aks pu blis hed the con fi den tial cable of the US Em bassy inPa ris (06PA RIS7684), da ted De cem ber 6 2006. The Cable is en ti tled “De cem ber 1st Me e tingof the re pre sen ta ti ve of the US De fen ce De part ment Edel mann with Chi rac’s fo re ign po licyadvi sor Gourdault-Montagne”. In the Cable, in re gard to Ser bia, Mon tag ne ex pli ci tely says thatit is ne ces sary to do everything pos si ble to pre vent Vo i slav Se selj from co ming to po wer. Al -ready du ring the year 2004, Mon tag ne star ted his clo se co o pe ra tion with Ms Con do li sa Ri ce,the-then Se cu rity Advi sor to the US Pre si dent. In or der to advan ce the “trans-Atlan tic re la ti ons”and co or di na te the po li ci es in va ri o us parts of the World, they two used to me et at le ast twi ce amonth. Whi le the ir first me e ting was ta king pla ce at the top le vel in Was hing ton, ot her ac com -panying me e tings we re go ing on in Pa ris as part of the sa me ac ti vi ti es. In the French ca pi tal JeanLo u is Ger go rin, a for mer French di plo mat, the-then chi ef stra te gist of the Euro pean Se cu rityCom pany – EADS – ar ran ged the me e ting to get her with the US Cen ter for Stra te gic and In ter -na ti o nal Stu di es (CSIS). As the US re pre sen ta ti ves the re we re pre sent well-known per so na li ti esli ke He nry Kis sin ger, Zbigniew Brzezinski and Ro bert Blac kwill. Ac cor ding to the opi ni ons ofso me ex perts, in that way Fran ce has be co me an in stru ment of the An glo a me ri can po licy. Zbig -nev Bzhe zinsky is first and for most no to ri o us for his an ti-Ser bian and an ti-Rus sian vi ews. Hewas in fa vor of the agres sion on Yugo sla via whi le in his bo oks he used to pro po se the par ti tionof Rus sia in to three parts. On the ot her hand, the fact that the EADS Com pany ta kes part in thiswho le pro cess, cle arly in di ca tes that the abo ve men ti o ned gro up ta kes part in the pro duc tion andsa le of arms all over the World, ma king high pro fits. They ta ke part in the pro duc tion of mis si -les, army pla nes and he li cop ters. Ho we ver, EADS al so pro du ces parts for the stra te gic arms, aswell as the for bid den cas set te bombs, whi le its of fi ci als we re in vol ved in bri bery scan dals in theSo uth Afri ca. Be si de that, the abo ve men ti o ned French di plo mat, Jean Lo u is Ger go rin, as wellas Mon tag ne, is un der in ve sti ga tion be ca u se of the sa me or si mi lar things.

From the cables it is qu i te cle ar that the high ICTY of fi ci als, in clu ding the Pre si dent him -self. Pro se cu tors-in-Chi ef and Sec re ta ri es, de li ve red the con fi den tial da ta to the US Go vern ment.In that way they vi o la ted not only the ru les of the Ha gue Tri bu nal but the UN Char ter as well,which for bids the UN of fi ci als (the ICTY ones be ing in clu ded) to de li ver in for ma tion to the fo -re ign go vern ments.

The cables sta te that in the ca se of Slo bo dan Mi lo se vic the US Go vern ment of fi ci als andthe ICTY of fi ci als co or di na ted the ir jo int ac ti ons aga inst him, do ing the ir best to speed up thepro cess and to sen ten ce him as soon as pos si ble, re gar dless of his il lness. In that way they ca u -sed the de te ri o ra tion of his he alth and his very de ath.

The ICTY di scri mi na tes the Serbs, which can be cle arly seen from the se lec ted cables. TheSerbs ha ve been sen ten ced to thousand years of pri son, which is far mo re than all the ot hers to -get her, whi le the num ber of the con vic ted Serbs is 70 percent. Com ple te Ser bian po li ti cal andarmy le a der ships ha ve been bro ught to the Ha gue, whe re the in dic tments aga inst them we rewrit ten by the agents and as so ci a tes of the Ame ri can and Bri tish in tel li gen ce agen ci es, who to -ok part in the de struc tion of the SFRY, com mit ted the cri me aga inst pe a ce and ar med Slo ve -nians, Cro ats, mu slims, and Ship ta rs al so com mit ting ot her cri mes in the for mer Yugo sla via.This is evi den ce of the abu se and a va lid le gal re a son for the re vi sion of the tri als be fo re the Ha -gue Tri bu nal.

Bo ris Alek sic

4

The ICTY in CablesPublished by the Wikileaks

IRe fe ren ce id: 00THE HA GUE1664Su bject: Icty: Icty Com ments On Usg Pro po sal For Wit ness Re lo ca tion Ar ran ge -

mentsOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Mon, 5 Jun 2000 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2000/06/00THE HA GUE1664.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -

ble is not ava i la ble.Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DIS DE PART MENT FOR S/WCI – SCHEF FER/WAR RICK, S/SA – O’BRIEN, DRL

– KOH/SPEN CER, L – MAT HE SON, L/EUR – LAH NE, S/CT – SHE E HAN/BA IR,INR/WCAD – DO NA HUE/MO RIN, EUR/SCE – CO UN TRYMAN

E.O. 12958: DECL: 1.6 FI VE YEARS AF TER CLO SU RE ICTY Tags: PHUM [Hu man Rights], NL [Net her lands], ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri -

bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a], IC TR [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for Rwan da] Ref: A. A STA TE 55166 B. B 99 THE HA GUE 2224 C. 99 THE HA GUE 1324

1. (U) Be gin Sum mary: As a fol low-up to Am bas sa dor Schef fer’s 28 March let terto the Re gi strar of the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the For mer Yugo sla via (ICTY)re gar ding pos si ble re lo ca tion of Tri bu nal wit nes ses to the Uni ted Sta tes (Ref A), Em bassy

5

le ga loffs had di scus si ons with re pre sen ta ti ves from the ICTY Re gi stry and the Vic timWit ness Unit (VWU). Alt ho ugh cer tain aspects of the USG pro po sal we re very well-re -ce i ved, ICTY re pre sen ta ti ves we re ge ne rally di sap po in ted by the ove rall ap pro ach be ingsug ge sted. The Ac ting Head of the VWU ex pla i ned that the ICTY only pro po ses wit nes -ses for re lo ca tion if the ir li ves are at se ri o us risk. Con se qu ently, when a re qu est for re lo -ca tion is ma de it has to be ac ted upon qu ickly. The ICTY‘s over ri ding in te rest is in ha -ving so me com mit ment from the USG to a qu ick, fle xi ble pro ce du re that wo uld en su rea fast-track pro cess thro ugh the nor mal INS pro ce du res. ICTY re pre sen ta ti ves pres sedhard on whet her it might be pos si ble to ac hi e ve so me kind of bre ak-thro ugh on ex pe di -ted pro ces sing of re qu ests. Spe ci fic com ments and re qu ests for ad di ti o nal in for ma -tion/cla ri fi ca tion of the pro po sed ap pro ach ba sed on exi sting aut ho ri ti es are pro vi ded be -low. End Sum mary.

2. (C) In di scus si ons with Em bassy le ga loffs re gar ding the pos si bi lity of con clu dingan agre e ment or ar ran ge ment with the USG for re lo ca tion of wit nes ses to the Uni ted Sta -tes, ICTY re pre sen ta ti ves we re can did abo ut the ir di sap po int ment that the 28 March pro -po sal did not pro vi de for a spe cial re lo ca tion pro ce du re, nor a com mit ment to ex pe di tethe exi sting INS pro cess. Un der sco ring the fact that the VWU only re qu ests re lo ca tionfor wit nes ses who se li ves are at se ri o us risk be ca u se of the ir te sti mo ni es, the ICTY repsno ted that they well un der stand that a co un try ma king a com mit ment to re lo ca te wit nes -ses must ope ra te wit hin the pro vi si ons of its own laws. In that re gard, they po in ted outthat ot her go vern ments al so ha ve re lied upon exi sting do me stic aut ho ri ti es in de fi ning thesco pe of be ne fits for re lo ca ted wit nes ses. Un li ke the USG pro po sal, ho we ver, tho se ot -her go vern ments ha ve com mit ted them sel ves to spe cial fast-track pro ce du res for ICTYwit nes ses. In the ca se of Ca na da, for exam ple, pro vi si ons are ma de for wit nes ses whoneed to be re lo ca ted on an ur gent ba sis. Ot her agre e ments pro vi de for the tran sfer to hap -pen wit hin two months, in the event of ur gent ca ses, even so o ner. The ICTY re pre sen ta -ti ves we re keen to know whet her it might be pos si ble to ac hi e ve so me kind of bre ak-thro -ugh on ex pe di ted pro ces sing of re qu ests.

3. (U) Be ne fits Pac ka ge: The ICTY re pre sen ta ti ves in di ca ted that the be ne fits pac -ka ge for re lo ca ted wit nes ses as de scri bed in Am bas sa dor Schef fer’s let ter ap pe a red to bevery good. They re qu e sted cer tain de ta ils on the va ri o us be ne fits. In par ti cu lar, the VWUwo uld li ke to know what be ne fits wit nes ses wo uld be en ti tled to af ter the ini tial eightmonths. In ad di tion, they re qu e sted in for ma tion on whet her the wit nes ses wo uld be en ti -tled to ho u sing, edu ca tion, and tra vel do cu ments to ena ble the wit nes ses to tra vel to andfrom the Uni ted Sta tes. Fi nally, they ra i sed the need to re lo ca te clo se fa mily mem bers (eit -her to get her with the wit ness or at a la ter sta ge). In this re gard they no ted that the war inthe for mer Yugo sla via had torn apart many fa mi li es, and ma de many chil dren orp hans.Such chil dren are of ten in the cu stody of dis tant re la ti ves or even for mer ne ig hbors. Ifpos si ble, the VWU wo uld li ke to en su re that such chil dren or re la ti ves qu a lify as clo sefa mily mem bers for re lo ca tion pur po ses.

4. (U) Re qu i re ment for Tran script of Wit ness’s Te sti mony: The 28 March let ter in -di ca ted that in or der for the INS to as sess whet her the “per se cu tor bar” wo uld apply in anin di vi dual ca se, the INS wo uld re qu i re a tran script of the te sti mony of the wit ness. In re -spon se to this re qu i re ment, the VWU ra i sed se ve ral con cerns. First, the ICTY re pre sen -ta ti ves po in ted out that in so me ca ses a wit ness may need to be re lo ca ted be fo re any ap -pe a ran ce in co urt. In such ca ses, no tran script wo uld exist. Se cond, they re i te ra ted the ir6

ear li er po int that the ICTY only pro po ses re lo ca tion for wit nes ses who se li ves are at riskdue to the con tents of the ir te sti mo ni es. Gi ven the sen si ti vity of such te sti mo ni es, the Jud -ges will nor mally grant pro tec ti ve me a su res for the se wit nes ses and pro ceed in clo sed ses -sion. Thus, the tran scripts of the pro po sed wit nes ses’ te sti mo ni es will nor mally be con fi -den tial (i.e., se a led by the Co urt). Alt ho ugh so me wit nes ses pro po sed for re lo ca tion mayte stify in open ses sion un der a pse u donym, the tran scripts of such ses si ons are al so notava i la ble for re le a se.

5. (U) In stead of relying on a tran script of a wit ness’s te sti mony, the VWU askedwhet her the INS wo uld ac cept a sta te ment from the ICTY that wo uld con tain in for ma -tion on the te sti mony, and ex pla in why the te sti mony put the wit ness’s li fe at risk. TheVWU in di ca ted that such a sta te ment wo uld ha ve to be tre a ted as clas si fied by the INSor ot her aut ho ri ti es. In ad di tion, the VWU re pre sen ta ti ves in for med Em bassy le ga loffsthat for all re lo ca tion re qu ests, the Re gi strar re ce i ves a cer ti fi ca tion from the Of fi ce of thePro se cu tor (OTP) that the wit ness in qu e sti on is not a su spect or un der in ve sti ga tion forany cri me over which the ICTY has ju ris dic tion. The cer ti fi ca tion from the OTP al so typ-i cally sta tes that, as far as the Pro se cu tor is awa re, the wit ness has not com mit ted any ot -her cri mes.

6. (U) Af ter Re lo ca tion: As su ming wit nes ses are re lo ca ted to the Uni ted Sta tes pur -su ant to a re qu est from the ICTY, the ICTY wo uld li ke to in clu de a pro vi sion for the ex -chan ge of in for ma tion so the ICTY can be kept in for med of the wit ness’s sta tus on ce set -tled in the Uni ted Sta tes. For exam ple, ICTY re pre sen ta ti ves wo uld need to know abo utany thre ats that ari se or any ot her pro blems that de ve lop in re la tion to the wit ness’s te sti -mony. Si mi larly, they wo uld need to know if a wit ness died or his/her whe re a bo uts be -ca me unk nown.

7. (U) In a re la ted vein, the ICTY re pre sen ta ti ves in di ca ted that they wo uld li ke toin clu de a pro vi sion in a re lo ca tion agre e ment or ar ran ge ment that in the (un li kely) eventof ex tra di ti on, the wit ness or any mem ber of the re lo ca ted fa mily sho uld not be re tur nedto the ter ri tory of the for mer Yugo sla via wit ho ut the writ ten con sent of both the wit nessand the ICTY.

8. (U) Fin ger prin ting: Re gar ding the re qu est for all wit nes ses pro po sed for re lo ca -tion to be fin ger prin ted, the ICTY in di ca ted that it is not tec hni cally equ ip ped to pro vi defully le gi ble fin ger print cards.

9. (U) Com ment: Em bassy no tes that USG and ICTY reps ha ve been in en ga ged inef forts to ne go ti a te a for mal ar ran ge ment for the re lo ca tion of wit nes ses sin ce Sep tem ber1998. De spi te sup port for this ef fort from Exe cu ti ve and Le gi sla ti ve branch of fi ci als, not -hing con cre te has been ac hi e ved. Em bassy the re fo re re com mends that if the re is a con -sen sus wit hin the USG to con clu de an agre e ment with the ICTY on this is sue, fa ce to fa -ce ne go ti a ti ons bet we en ICTY reps and re pre sen ta ti ves from all re le vant agen ci es (e.g.,INS/DOJ/DOS) of fi ci als sho uld be sche ul ded eit her in The Ha gue or in Was hing ton inthe ne ar fu tu re. Al ter na ti vely, if no con sen sus to ac com mo da te the ICTY‘s re qu est for anex pe di ted pro cess exists, we sho uld in form the ICTY that we are una ble to me et its re qu -est at this ti me, but will con ti nue to con si der re qu ests on an ad hoc ba sis un der exi stingaut ho ri ti es. End Com ment.

Fen drick7

IIRe fe ren ce id: 00THE HA GUE1679Su bject: ICTY: Jor da Pro po ses “ad li tem” Jud ges to Speed Tri bu nal’s WorkOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Tue, 6 Jun 2000 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2000/06/00THE HA GUE1679.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Con fi den tialSIP DIS DE PART MENT FOR S/WCI – SCHEF FER/WAR RICK, S/SA – O’BRIEN, DRL

– KOH/SPEN CER, L – AN DREWS/MAT HE SON, L/EUR – LAH NE, S/CT – SHE E -HAN/BA IR, INR/WCAD – DO NA HUE/MO RIN, EUR/SCE – CO UN TRYMAN; KI -GA LI FOR PA GE

E.O. 12958: DECL: 1.6 FI VE YEARS AF TER CLO SU RE ICTY Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PHUM [Hu man Rights], HR [Cro a ti a],

SR [Ser bi a], NL [Net her lands], ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for merYugo sla vi a], IC TR [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for Rwan da]

1. (U) Clas si fied by: Al len S. We i ner, le gal co un se lor. Re a sons: 1.5(B), (D). 2. (U) Sum mary: Jud ge Cla u de Jor da, Pre si dent of the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu -

nal for the For mer Yugo sla via (ICTY), vi si ted am bas sa dor on Tu es day, May 30, to pre -vi ew pro po sals he in tends to ma ke be fo re the Se cu rity Co un cil to im pro ve the ICTY‘sca pa city to try ca ses mo re swiftly. the key pro po sals are for: (1) the use of “ad li tem” jud -ges to try ca ses that are ready for trial; and (2) de le ga tion of cer tain pre-trial ma na ge mentre spon si bi li ti es to se ni or le gal of fi cers. Jor da in tends for mally to ma ke his pro po sals be -fo re the Se cu rity Co un cil in the se cond half of Ju ne. Em bassy be li e ves Jor da’s pro po salsare a sen si ble me ans of ad dres sing an in cre a singly se ve re bac klog pro blem, and re com -mends that Was hing ton se ri o usly con si der sup por ting the pro po sals. End sum mary.

3. (U) ICTY pre si dent Cla u de Jor da vi si ted am bas sa dor on Tu es day, May 30, to pre -vi ew his re port on the ope ra tion of the Tri bu nal. Af ter be co ming pre si dent in No vem ber1999, Jor da ini ti a ted a re vi ew in to the Tri bu nal’s ope ra ti ons and ways of en han cing its ef -fi ci ency, and mo re im por tantly, of ac ce le ra ting the ra te at which tri als are con duc ted. Jor -da sub mit ted the re port on be half of the ICTY‘s jud ges to U.N. Sec re tary-ge ne ral An nanon May 12. Jor da said that he in tends for mally to ma ke his pro po sals be fo re the Se cu rityCo un cil in the se cond half of Ju ne.

4. (U) In his me e ting with am bas sa dor, Jor da said that the jud ges had re vi e wed theTri bu nal’s exi sting met hods of work and had con si de red chi ef pro se cu tor Del Pon te’sesti ma tes of the ad di ti o nal in ve sti ga ti ons she in tends to pur sue and the ad di ti o nal in dic -tments she in tends to sign. Jor da no ted that Del Pon te had in for med the jud ges at a ple -8

nary ses sion that the Of fi ce of the Pro se cu tor (otp) in tends to con duct 36 new in ve sti ga -ti ons that will cul mi na te in 29 se pa ra te tri als co ve ring so me 150 in di vi du als. This is in ad -di tion to the tri als of tho se who are al ready in cu stody and tho se who ha ve been in dic tedbut re main at lar ge. The ICTY‘s cur rent struc tu re, with three trial cham bers, li mits the Tri -bu nal’s abi lity to try ca ses ra pidly. Ba sed on the ra te of ICTY tri als to da te and Del Pon -te’s esti ma tes, Jor da esti ma tes that the ICTY will not be able to com ple te tri als (ex clu dingap pe als) of all in dic te es un til la te 2016.

5. (C) Mo re o ver, Jor da in di ca ted, the pro blem of lengthy pre-trial de ten tion of in dic -te es awa i ting the start of the ir tri als is be co ming in cre a singly se ve re. He esti ma ted thatwit ho ut chan ges in the ICTY‘s me ans of ope ra ting, the trial of the most re cent in dic teebro ught in to cu stody, Dra gan Ni ko lic, wo uld not start un til the se cond half of 2002 at theear li est. Jor da al so said the ICTY had post po ned pre-trial ma na ge ment pro ce e dings in theca se aga inst Mom ci lo Kra ji snik be ca u se the re is no ava i la ble trial cham ber; the jud gesdid not want to get the ca se ready for trial, only to find that they we re una ble to com men -ce the trial.

6. (U) Part of the pro blem is that tri als we re ta king too long. This is the fa ult of bothde fen se co un sel, who Jor da said ha ve in cen ti ves to ex tend the length of tri als be ca u sethey are be ing well paid un der U.N. sca les, and the pro se cu tors, who are too “per fec ti o -nist” in the way they con duct tri als. Jor da ex pres sed the ho pe that the ex pe ri en ce the jud -ges had ga i ned both with the ICTY‘s ru les of pro ce du re and evi den ce, as well as the irknow led ge of the un derlying con flict in the for mer Yugo sla via, wo uld ma ke fu tu re tri alsgo fa ster. The jud ges wo uld al so con ti nue to work to ac ce le ra te the pa ce of tri als thro ughstrengthe ned re li an ce on pre-trial ma na ge ment prac ti ces.

7. (U) Ne vert he less, so met hing mo re ne eds to be do ne to ad dress the gro wing ca sebac klog pro blem. Jor da told am bas sa dor that the jud ges had re vi e wed a full ran ge of op -ti ons for trying ca ses mo re swiftly, in clu ding hol ding tri als be fo re a sin gle jud ge, hol dingtri als in ab sen tia, tran sfer ring tri als to ot her co un tri es, or ad ding a new trial cham ber. Withre spect to most, the di sa dvan ta ges out we ig hed the advan ta ges. The jud ges had con clu -ded, ho we ver, that two pro po sals co uld ef fec ti vely en han ce the ICTY‘s trial ope ra ti ons.

8. (U) First, the jud ges re com mend de le ga ting to ICTY se ni or le gal of fi cers so mepre-trial ma na ge ment re spon si bi li ti es, such as set ting de a dli nes and he a ring wit ness te sti -mony by de po si tion. Co re le gal is su es wo uld not be han dled by se ni or le gal of fi cers, anda jud ge wo uld con ti nue to su per vi se the work of each se ni or le gal of fi cer. Ne vert he less,this wo uld per mit jud ges to de vo te a gre a ter por tion of the ir ti me to trial work.

9. (U) Se cond, and mo re im por tantly, the jud ges ha ve re com men ded the use of “adli tem” jud ges, i.e., jud ges drawn from a pool of eli gi ble can di da tes who co uld ser ve fora sin gle ca se on ce it was ready for trial. This pro po sal wo uld be fle xi ble, and ad li tem jud -ges wo uld work only on an as-ne e ded ba sis. Co un tri es co uld sup port this ef fort eit her byde sig na ting jud ges for the pool, or by ma king vo lun tary con tri bu ti ons to fund the costsas so ci a ted with the use of ad li tem jud ges. (Jor da’s re port spe ci fi cally re jects the no tionof co un tri es ma king ad li tem jud ges ava i la ble on a “gra tis per son nel” ba sis, in or der togu a ran tee the in de pen den ce and im par ti a lity of the jud ges.) Jor da no ted that the jud geswe re di vi ded on whet her the ad li tem jud ges sho uld sit to get her with exi sting tri bu nal jud -ges, or whet her en ti re auto no mo us ad li tem pa nels sho uld be con sti tu ted, alt ho ugh he in -di ca ted he fa vo red the lat ter ap pro ach to en su re that exi sting jud ges wo uld be ava i la blefor the ir own tri als.

9

10. (U) Jor da in di ca ted that the pro po sals wo uld re qu i re so me “mi nor” re vi si ons to theICTY‘s Sta tu te. His re port in clu des as an an nex the chan ges to the Sta tu te that wo uld bene ces sary to gi ve ef fect to the jud ges’ pro po sals. Jor da’s re port al so no tes that use of ad li -tem jud ges wo uld re qu i re ad di ti o nal re so ur ces, but in di ca tes that sin ce fi nan cing qu e sti onsare not wit hin the jud ges’ pur vi ew, they ha ve ma de no re com men da ti ons on that po int.

11. (U) Ac cor ding to Jor da, alt ho ugh the re we re so me di vi si ons among the jud gesabo ut the pre ci se mo da li ti es of the ad li tem pro po sal (e.g., whet her ad li tem jud ges sho -uld be elec ted or ap po in ted, whet her they sho uld be in te gra ted in to exi sting trial cham -bers or ser ve on auto no mo us trial cham bers), the ba sic re com men da ti ons we re una ni mo -usly sup por ted by the jud ges. He no ted that Chi ef Pro se cu tor Del Pon te al so had ex pres -sed her ap pro val of the pro po sals.

12. (U) Jor da said that if the jud ges’ re com men da ti ons we re adop ted, the ICTY wo -uld be able to com ple te its tri als bet we en 2007 and 2009, rat her than la te 2016.

13. (U) Jor da’s re port al so ad dres ses pos si ble en han ce ments to the fun cti o ning of theAp pe als Cham ber. Jor da’s re port re com mends ad ding two new jud ges from the In ter na ti -o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for Rwan da (IC TR) to the Ap pe als Cham ber. Jor da told the am -bas sa dor that the Ap pe als cham ber wo uld con ti nue to sit as a fi ve-jud ge pa nel, but un derthe pro po sal wo uld ha ve a pool of se ven jud ges to draw from in con sti tu ting such a pa nel.(Com ment: This aspect of the pro po sal, ho we ver, is not re flec ted in the writ ten re port.)

14. (U) The am bas sa dor con gra tu la ted Jor da for thin king ahead on the is sue of theICTY‘s ca pa city to ma na ge its ca se load. She and Le gal Co un se lor ca u ti o ned that in vi -ew of the se ve re bud get con stra ints fa cing the Uni ted Na ti ons, the ad di ti o nal ex pen ses as -so ci a ted with ad li tem jud ges was li kely to pre sent the most sig ni fi cant hur dle to the pro -po sal. Ne vert he less, the fle xi ble na tu re of the ad li tem jud ges pro po sal was an im por tantadvan ta ge, sin ce jud ges wo uld only be paid as ne ces sary to han dle ca ses. Am bas sa dor re -i te ra ted the USG’s strong sup port for the ICTY and said the Tri bu nal’s many fri ends inthe USG wo uld want to play a con struc ti ve ro le.

15. (C) The am bas sa dor al so ex pres sed con cern that ICTY ef forts to stress the se ve -rity of the ICTY‘s bac klog co uld work aga inst the Pro se cu tor’s push for mo re ar rests ofat-lar ge in dic te es. In that re gard, Jor da no ted that Del Pon te fully sup ports the re port. Heal so com men ted that ap pro xi ma tely half of the ICTY‘s in dic te es are still at lar ge. “If thatwe re the si tu a tion in any na tion,” he com men ted, “the re wo uld be a re vo lu tion” in that co -un try. The re can be no qu e sti on, he said, that all in dic te es must be bro ught to the Ha gue,eit her by vo lun ta rily sur ren der or ar rest. De ve lo ping a pro cess for ex pe di ting tri als mighten co u ra ge vo lun tary sur ren ders. Jor da men ti o ned that Re pu bli ka Srp ska Pri me Mi ni sterDo dik, du ring his re cent vi sit to the CITY, said he wo uld li ke to en co u ra ge mo re vo lun -tary sur ren ders but can not gi ven the lengthy pre trial de lays fa ced by tho se in cu stody.

16. (U) Com ment: The pro po sal for ad li tem jud ges co uld be an ef fec ti ve and re la -ti vely cost-ef fi ci ent so lu tion to the gro wing bac klog pro blem at the ICTY. Par ti cu larly ifthe pro po sal ena bles the ICTY to com ple te its man da te so o ner, it wo uld ac tu ally re sult inlong-term sa vings to U.N. mem ber sta tes. As such, Em bassy re com mends that Was hing -ton gi ve se ri o us con si de ra tion to sup por ting jud ge Jor da’s pro po sals. Em bassy be li e ves,ho we ver, that it wo uld be bet ter for ad li tem jud ges to be in te gra ted in to pa nels with re -gu lar ICTY jud ges. Ot her wi se, the ad li tem trial cham bers wo uld not be able to be ne fitfrom the im por tant ex pe ri en ce the per ma nent jud ges ha ve ga i ned with the ICTY‘s Ru lesof Pro ce du re and Evi den ce and the ir know led ge of the con flict in the for mer Yugo sla via.Em bassy ca u ti ons, ho we ver, that for the ap pro ach to be vi a ble, the U.N. will need to fund10

mo re than the sa la ri es of the ad li tem jud ges. Ad di ti o nal re so ur ces for le gal as si stants, sec -re ta ri es, and re gi stry co ur tro om staff will al so be re qu i red. De pen ding on the num ber oftrial cham bers ope ra ting at any gi ven ti me, it may al so be ne ces sary to pro vi de ad di ti o -nal co ur tro om ca pa city to the ICTY. On this sco re, Jor da men ti o ned the pos si bi lity ofusing the co urt fa ci li ti es at Camp Ze ist cur rently be ing used for the Loc ker bie trial, on cetho se pro ce e dings are com ple ted. End com ment.

17. (U) A copy of jud ge Jor da’s re port has been fa xed to the De part ment (s/wci –Schef fer). Hard copy has been sent to the De part ment (s/wci – schef fer, via l/cid) by com -mer cial co u ri er.

Fen drick

IIIRe fe ren ce id: 00THE HA GUE1878Su bject: Icty: Re qu est For Gu i dan ce On Pro per Dis po si tion Of Vat Re fundOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 23 Jun 2000 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Un clas si fiedSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2000/06/00THE HA GUE1878.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 25 Aug 2011 03:30 UTC (ori gi nal)Mo di fied on: Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTC (diff from ori gi nal)Me dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Un clas si fiedSIP DIS DE PART MENT FOR S/WCI – SCHEF FER/WAR RICK, S/SA – O’BRIEN, DRL

– KOH/BAR KIN, L – MAT HE SON, L/EUR – LAH NE, INR/WCAD – DO NA -HUE/MO RIN, EUR/SCE – CO UN TRYMAN

E.O. 12958: N/A Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PHUM [Hu man Rights], BK [Bo snia

and Her ze go vi na], HR [Cro a ti a], SR [Ser bi a], NL [Net her lands], ICTY [In ter na ti o nalCri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a]

Ref: 98 THE HA GUE 3665

1. Sum mary and ac tion re qu est: This is an ac tion re qu est; see pa ra graph fi ve be low.The Fi nan ce Sec tion of the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the For mer Yugo sla via(ICTY) has re cently re ne wed its 1998 re qu est for advi ce as to the pro per dis po si tion tobe ma de of a re fund (in the amo unt of NLG 190,165) from the Dutch tax aut ho ri ti es ofva lue-ad ded tax (VAT) paid on go ods and ser vi ces pur cha sed with USG funds and do na -ted to the ICTY. Em bassy re qu ests gu i dan ce. End sum mary.

2. In 1994, the USG pro po sed a do na tion in kind of a com pu ter system – com pu terhard wa re and soft wa re and all ne ces sary sup port, in clu ding in stal la tion, ma in te nan ce, andtra i ning – for the Of fi ce of the Pro se cu tor (OTP) of the ICTY. In 1995, the USG DOJused a con tract with CA CI In ter na ti o nal Inc., a U.S. cor po ra tion, to pur cha se com pu ter

11

go ods and ser vi ces. CA CI, in turn, sub con trac ted with Bor su Syste ma, a Dutch cor po ra -tion, to pro vi de so me of tho se go ods and ser vi ces in The Net her lands. The go ods and ser -vi ces we re then con tri bu ted by the USG to the ICTY pur su ant to the 1994 pro po sal of anin-kind do na tion of a com pu ter system.

3. Bor su Syste ma, the afo re men ti o ned Dutch sub con trac tor, char ged VAT for the go -ods and ser vi ces it pro vi ded. As a con se qu en ce, sin ce 1996, the Em bassy has been en ga -ged in ef forts to re co ver the VAT paid on tho se go ods and ser vi ces. In 1998, the Fi nan ceSec tion of the ICTY no ti fied the Em bassy that the Dutch Go vern ment had de po si ted in tothe ICTY‘s bank ac co unt a VAT re fund (in the amo unt of NLG 190,165) for VAT that hadbeen paid on go ods and ser vi ces pur cha sed with USG funds and do na ted to the ICTY. TheICTY asked whet her the USG agreed to the mo ney be ing de po si ted in the ICTY‘s ac co -unt. Per ref tel, Em bassy so ught gu i dan ce as to whet her the re fun ded VAT co uld be re ta i -ned by the ICTY. Em bassy al so re qu e sted gu i dan ce as to whet her the re we re any le gal orot her con stra ints that wo uld re strict the pur po ses for which the funds co uld be used.

4. On 18 May 2000, Em bassy re ce i ved a let ter from the Fi nan ce Sec tion of theICTY, re ne wing its re qu est for advi ce as to whet her the Tri bu nal co uld ke ep the re fun dedVAT in the amo unt of NLG 190,165, or whet her it must pay it back to the USG.

5. Action request: Em bassy se eks gu i dan ce as to whet her the re fun ded VAT may bere ta i ned by the ICTY. If the ICTY may re tain the funds, ple a se advi se whet her the re areany le gal or ot her con stra ints that wo uld re strict the pur po ses for which the funds co uldbe used. Fi nally, if ICTY may not re tain the funds, ple a se pro vi de in struc ti ons for theICTY to tran sfer the funds back to the USG.

6. A copy of the ICTY let ter to the Em bassy has been fa xed to the De part ment(S/WCI – War rick).

Schne i der

IVRe fe ren ce id: 02RO ME1230Su bject: GoI Sup port For USG FRY Pri o ri ti esOri gin: Em bassy Ro me (Italy) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 8 Mar 2002 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2002/03/02RO ME1230.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Con fi den tialSIP DIS IN FO: AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE; AMEM BASSY BER LIN; AMEM BASSY

CO PEN HA GEN; AMEM BASSY LON DON; AMEM BASSY MA DRID; AMEM -BASSY PA RIS; PRI STI NA

E.O. 12958: DECL: 03/08/2012 Tags: IT [I taly], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti -ons], SR [Ser bi a], KAWC [A tro ci ti es and War Cri mes], UN [U ni ted Na ti ons] 12

CON FI DEN TIAL PA GE 02 RO ME 01230 081613Z Ref: A) SEC STA TE 42534 B) CO PEN HA GEN 00738 Classified By: POL MC TOM CO UN TRYMAN. RE A SON:1.5 (B)(D)

1. (C) On March 7, Po loff de li ve red po ints ref a to MFA FRY desk of fi cer An dreaPom per ma i er. Af ter con sul ting with his su per i ors, Pom per ma i er told Po loff on March 8that the GoI ap pre ci a ted USG ef forts to push the fry on the va ri o us is su es outli ned ref tel.The Ita lian em bassy in Bel gra de had de mar ched the Go FRy nu me ro us ti mes on ICTYco o pe ra tion and Ko so vo Al ba nian pri so ners, and the MFA wo uld in struct the em bassy todo so again in light of this new U.S. re qu est.

2. (C) Pom per ma i er was una wa re of the draft sta te ment on the se is su es be ing pre -pa red for the NAC (ref b), but as su red Po loff that Italy wo uld strongly sup port any sta te -ment cal ling on the FRY to im pro ve its co o pe ra tion with ICTY and Ko so var de ta i ne es.He was al so una wa re of any high le vel vi sit to the re gion in the ne ar fu tu re, but pro mi sedto ke ep po loff in for med.

3. (U) Mi ni mi ze con si de red. Po pe con fi den tial > 2002ro me01230 – Clas si fi ca tion:Con fi den tial

VRe fe ren ce id: 03ZA GREB107Su bject: Cro a tia: Three Years Of Post-tudjman Go vern ment; A Mi xed Re port CardOri gin: Em bassy Za greb (Cro a tia) Ca ble ti me: Wed, 15 Jan 2003 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2003/01/03ZA GREB107.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Con fi den tialSIP DIS E.O. 12958: DECL: 01/03/2013 Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs],

PHUM [Hu man Rights], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PHUM [Hu manRights], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PHUM [Hu man Rights], PGOV [In ter -nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PHUM [Hu man Rights], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af -fa irs], PHUM [Hu man Rights], HR [Cro a ti a], HR PREL, Po li ti cal Par ti es/Elec ti ons

Ref: 02 ZA GREB 0146 Classified By: AM BAS SA DOR LAW REN CE G. ROS SIN FOR RE A SONS 1.5

(B, D)

Sum mary and In tro duc tion 1. (C) With one gre at ex cep ti on, the third year of the Ra can Go vern ment re sem bled

the first two: Cro a tia ma de mo dest pro gress on so me re form is su es, stum bling for ward13

whi le spen ding far too much energy and ti me on po li ti cal in fig hting in a highly dysfun -cti o nal de ci sion-ma king pro cess. On ot her is su es im por tant to Cro a tia’s fu tu re, the Go -vern ment ma de no pro gress at all, squ an de ring op por tu ni ti es which may ne ver be re cap -tu red. Of co ur se, the year’s most sig ni fi cant event by far was the Ra can Go vern ment’smis han dling of the ICTY in dic tment aga inst re ti red ge ne ral Jan ko Bo bet ko. As everyone(in clu ding we) pre dic ted, the po li ti cal advan ta ge Ra can ga i ned by fa i ling to de li ver thein dic tment im me di a tely has al ready eva po ra ted. The da ma ge do ne to Cro a tia’s re pu ta tionabroad will last much lon ger.

2. (C) Dif fi cult as it is to be li e ve, Cro a tia’s Go vern ment will be co me even mo re inef -fi ci ent in the year ahead as po li ti cal par ti es both in and out of the Co a li tion se ek to ma kethem sel ves dis tinct to vo ters. The Ra can Go vern ment will try to get Cro a tia’s bid for EUmem ber ship back on the ra ils, but it will be chal len ged to ma ke much pro gress, sin ceEuro pean Go vern ments in the wa ke of the Bo bet ko in dic tment are mo re skep ti cal. Bylaw, the Cro a tian Go vern ment can de lay elec ti ons un til early 2004. Ra can wo uld li ke toput off elec ti ons as long as pos si ble to ma ke mo re pro gress on con cre te is su es po pu larwith vo ters. A mo re re a li stic ex pec ta ti on is that re la ti ons wit hin the Co a li tion will de te ri -o ra te furt her and at so me po int will be co me an un pa la ta ble cho i ce even for Ra can’s SDP.

3. (C) On the is su es most im por tant to us, the Re port Card for the third year of theRa can Go vern ment is mi xed, with high marks on is su es li ke an ti-ter ro rism co o pe ra tionand de ve lo ping pro duc ti ve re la ti ons with the FRY, pas sing gra des on so me eco no mic anda few do me stic re form is su es, low marks on co o pe ra tion with ICTY, and fa i ling gra des onju di cial re form and re fu gee re turn and re in te gra tion is su es. End sum mary and in tro duc tion.

Wa sting ti me on Co a li tion Po li tics 4. (C) Fully three years ha ve pas sed sin ce the elec ti ons in which a cen ter-left co a li -

tion led by PM Ra can’s SDP ca me to Go vern ment. In ja nu ary 2000, the ex pec ta ti ons ofCro a tian vo ters – and of the In ter na ti o nal com mu nity – we re high, per haps un re a li sti callyso. That co a li tion was bro ught to get her (with our ac ti ve en co u ra ge ment) with a sin glepur po se: to get rid of the HDZ Go vern ment re spon si ble for Cro a tia’s iso la tion. On ce thatgoal was ac com plis hed, the re was lit tle con sen sus wit hin the Co a li tion on how to mo vefor ward. As ti me pro gres sed, this lack of sha red vi sion, co u pled with PM Ra can’s in de -ci si ve le a der ship style, has me ant that every to ugh is sue, whet her on ICTY co o pe ra tion,re fu gee re turn, eco no mic re form, so cial po licy or mi li tary re struc tu ring, has de te ri o ra tedin to a bic ke ring bat tle bet we en Co a li tion part ners. This year, that pro cess re sul ted in en -dless thre ats of re sig na ti ons and ru mors of snap elec ti ons so com mon they we re hardlynews anymo re.

5. (C) For the first half of the year, Ra can’s big gest ob stac le to get ting anything do -ne was his op po si tion from wit hin the Co a li tion by Dra zen bu di sa’s Cro a tian So cial Li -be ral Party (HSLS). Af ter ben ding over bac kwards to ap pe a se the ob struc ti o nist, im pe ri -o us Bu di sa, Ra can fi nally re sig ned in July, dis sol ving the Go vern ment in a tac ti cal ma -ne u ver to re con sti tu te the Co a li tion a month la ter wit ho ut the HSLS. But get ting rid ofBu di sa did not get rid of Ra can’s pro blems. With the nar ro west of ma jo ri ti es in the Par -li a ment, the Go vern ment is now ho sta ge to the spe cial in te rests of each of the small Co -a li tion par ti es. For the most part, Ra can’s SDP has ma na ged to bully its way for ward, butnot wit ho ut ex tre me, ti me con su ming ef fort, and al most ne ver wit ho ut the re sent ment ofsmal ler part ners. 14

Chan ging Po li ti cal Landsca pe6. (C) The Cro a tian Pe a sants’ Party (HSS) is now Ra can’s se cond lar gest co a li tion

part ner. Alt ho ugh small in num bers, it is bro adly re cog ni zed to be the king ma ker es sen -tial for the next co a li tion to form a Go vern ment, whet her it is led by the left or the right.The HSS se es it self as a tra di ti o nal right-of-cen ter party, but it is re ally all abo ut po pu listcon sti tu ent ser vi ce, en su ring that whi le it is in Go vern ment, its elec to ra te is well ta ken ca -re of. In con cre te terms, that has me ant ri sking vi o la ting WTO com mit ments with inap -pro pri a te agri cul tu re sub si di es, slo wing down pri va ti za tion and in si sting on a dis pro por -ti o na te sha re of po si ti ons of aut ho rity in the Go vern ment.

The cen ter-left Cro a tian Pe o ple’s Party (HNS) is the ot her key player in the Ra canGo vern ment. Alt ho ugh its re pre sen ta tion in Par li a ment is small, its for tu nes (and pol lingnum bers) are on the ri se. Ve sna Pu sic, the HNS’ po pu lar le a der, is con vin ced that the lon -ger the Co a li tion re ma ins in Go vern ment, the mo re vo ters will re cog ni ze the be ne fits ofthe eco no mic sta bi lity it has bro ught abo ut.

7. (C) The big gest chan ge on the po li ti cal landsca pe in the past year has been the at -tempts of the op po si tion HDZ to re-pac ka ge it self as a “re for med” party. The HDZ ap -pe ars to be suc ce e ding in chan ging its ima ge, even if it re ma ins lar gely un re for med. Now,every de ci sion Ra can ma kes is in flu en ced by his fe ar of lo sing po li ti cal sup port. Vo terswho sup por ted his co a li tion three years ago may now no lon ger see the HDZ as an un -pa la ta ble cho i ce. HDZ pre si dent Sa na der has wor ked hard to chan ge the ima ge of hisparty. Af ter nar rowly de fe a ting hard-li ne Tudjman hatchet man Ivic Pa sa lic in a bru i singbat tle for the top Party spot in April, he used all me ans fa ir and foul to pur ge the HDZ ofhis ri val’s sup por ters. Whi le Sa na der’s mo ti va tion may ha ve been sim ple po li ti cal re ven -ge, the re sult is that so me of the HDZ’s most cor rupt ele ments are now on the out si de.The re are still plenty of un sa vory cha rac ters in the se ni or ranks of HDZ. Osi jek strong -man and war cri mi nal Bra ni mir Gla vas co mes im me di a tely to mind. But Sa na der’s HDZre cently has ta ken re a so na ble po si ti ons on a num ber of key is su es, in clu ding on a newlaw on mi no rity rights. As 2002 drew to a clo se, the HDZ was the hig hest-pol ling po li ti -cal party in Cro a tia.

Bo bet ko In dic tment and Cro a tia’s Good Na me 8. (C) Ra can’s de ci sion to de lay ser ving the Bo bet ko In dic tment was dri ven by his

be li ef that, if he did not gi ve the pu blic the im pres sion that he was put ting up a good fight,his Go vern ment wo uld fall and right-wing na ti o na lists wo uld re turn to po wer. The ini tialpu blic re ac tion to the In dic tment was emo ti o nal. It shoc ked many in ter na ti o nal ob ser verswho tho ught that Cro a tia had evol ved past such vi sce ral na ti o na lism. The re was real con -cern both in and out of Go vern ment that har dli ners wo uld fo ment vi o lent un rest and top -ple the Go vern ment. Yet even af ter the wa ve of emo ti o nal na ti o na lism had cle arly pas -sed, Ra can se e med in to xi ca ted by the ini tial po si ti ve re ac tion to what the pu blic per ce i -ved as de fi an ce of ICTY‘s in dic tment “in de fen se of the dig nity of the ho me land war.”He was de af to war nings from the In ter na ti o nal com mu nity that his rhe to ric and de laysin ser ving the In dic tment we re gra vely da ma ging Cro a tia’s re pu ta tion. For we eks af ter itbe ca me cle ar that his Go vern ment was in no dan ger from the right wing, ra can de layed,ho ping to sco re mo re po ints, put ting do me stic po stu ring be fo re in ter na ti o nal con cerns.

9. (C) Ra can’s bump in the polls over Bo bet ko is long go ne. The re vul sion of the In -ter na ti o nal com mu nity, no tably of EU sta tes, at the ma ni fe sta tion of un di lu ted na ti o na -

15

lism re ma ins. At le ast two ha ve slo wed ra tifying the EU‘s Sta bi li za tion and As so ci a tionagre e ment (SAA) with Cro a tia. No lon ger are Cro a tia’s sup por ters in the EU wil ling togi ve Ra can the be ne fit of the do ubt on is su es li ke re fu gee re turn and pro perty re sti tu tion.The Go vern ment is fa cing to ugh qu e sti ons abo ut its sup po sed ef forts to ap pre hend Ge -ne ral An te Go to vi na, the 2001 ICTY in dic tee still at lar ge. Even the Cro a tian press, po u -ring fuel on the jin go ist fi re just we eks ago, now cri ti ci zes Ra can for fa i ling to show le a -der ship du ring the cri sis. Ra can’s SDP has slid be hind the HDZ in the polls and se ems tobe lo sing mo re gro und every we ek.

10. (C) The Ra can Go vern ment do es not se em to ha ve le ar ned any les sons from thisun fi nis hed af fa ir. In the ab sen ce of cle ar le a der ship, Cro a tia will fa ce si mi lar dis rup ti onseach ti me an in dic tment is han ded down. Sin ce the Go vern ment has de li ve red the in dic -tment to the lo cal co urt of ju ris dic tion, Cro a tia can on ce again for mally be con si de red tobe co o pe ra ting with the Tri bu nal, but it is not cer tain that Ra can wo uld ever for cibly sendan in dic tee to the Ha gue. Whi le Cro a tian wit nes ses con ti nue to co o pe ra te with the Of fi -ce of the Trial Pro se cu tor, they, to get her with the in dic te es, are con trol ling the pa ce ofCro a tia’s co o pe ra tion, rat her than the Ra can Go vern ment it self.

11. (C) One of the lon ger-la sting ef fects of the Go vern ment’s mis han dling of the Bo -bet ko In dic tment is that De puty Pri me Mi ni ster Go ran Gra nic, who re ma ins Ra can’s “go-to” man on a broad ran ge of is su es, has be co me em bit te red and re sent ful and may be lesswil ling to en ga ge on is su es im por tant to us. Gra nic has ma na ged Cro a tia’s re la ti ons withICTY sin ce the Ra can Go vern ment ca me to po wer. His de eply held emo ti o nal vi ew re -ma ins that the text of the in dic tments call in to qu e sti on Cro a tia’s right to de fend its ter ri -tory and “cri mi na li zed” Cro a tia’s ho me land war. That vi ew dro ve the un help ful po licyand chest-thum ping rhe to ric at the start of the Bo bet ko af fa ir. Ra can to ok over di rect ma -na ge ment of the is sue for the pe ak of the cri sis, but now that it is out of the he a dli nes,Gra nic is again ma na ging the is sue and his vi ews ha ve not chan ged, his re sent ment isagain cre e ping in to his pu blic sta te ments.

Stum bling for ward, Mud dling thro ugh12. (C) Cro a tia has ma de pro gress on so me key re forms, but the pro cess ne arly al -

ways cre a tes so much bad fe e ling that even com mit ted re for mers are lo sing mo ti va tion.The new mi no ri ti es law is a good exam ple: the re sult was wel co med by the In ter na ti o nalcom mu nity as well as by Cro a tia’s mi no ri ti es as a so lid step for ward, but the pro cess ofget ting it pas sed was so ac ri mo ni o us that the Go vern ment ma na ged to ali e na te most le a -ders of Cro a tia’s et hnic mi no ri ti es, and even ma de the HDZ se em li ke the re a so na ble bro -kers who fi nally put the deal to get her. Unem ployment is still very high (16 per cent) andre ma ins one of the Go vern ment’s big gest po li ti cal li a bi li ti es, but even that in di ca tor issho wing signs of im pro ve ment. By fa i ling to ade qu a tely in clu de uni ons in the draf tingpro cess of a new La bor Law, ho we ver, the Go vern ment is al most cer tain to lo se the en -dor se ment of la bor le a ders in the next elec ti ons.

13. (C) Cro a tia pas sed swe e ping de fen se re forms and a new na ti o nal se cu rity stra -tegy. Im ple men ta tion of the se re struc tu ring pro grams, in clu ding a vi tal mi li tary dow nsi -zing plan, has been spotty at best, mi red by a mix tu re of in suf fi ci ent po li ti cal will and anin suf fi ci ent bud get. Whi le the re so ur ce chal len ges are real, op por tu ni ti es for pro gress we -re lost to po li ti cal tur moil and bic ke ring abo ut ap po int ments to se ni or po si ti ons. Ne vert -he less, Cro a tia was wel co med in to NA TO’s Mem ber ship Ac tion Plan. Its eager ness to16

join the Al li an ce will be an im por tant tool to ur ge this Go vern ment and its suc ces sors toget ne ces sary re forms on track.

14. (C) The Ra can Go vern ment has be gun to to ut its re cord on cre a ting a cli ma te ofmac ro e co no mic sta bi lity. Tthro ug ho ut this third year in of fi ce, it ma na ged to ke ep in te -rest ra tes low to en co u ra ge in vest ment, ke ep the ku na ra te sta ble, in cre a se fo re ign cur -rency hol dings and again (af ter a tor tu o us pro cess) ma na ged to co me to agre e ment withthe IMF on a stand-by ar ran ge ment. But the se re sults are slow to tric kle down to the ave -ra ge Cro a tian. Lack of pro gress on pri va ti za tion and ju di cial re form ha ve kept le vels offo re ign di rect in vest ment low. Go vern ment debt is re ac hing wor ri so me le vels, as the Go -vern ment con ti nu es to sub si di ze loss-ma king in du stri es. Ho we ver, by slas hing ta riffs andke e ping in te rest ra tes low, the re has been a bo om in con su mer de mand which has pum -ped up growth and im pro ved so me Cro a ti ans’ stan dard of li ving.

Get ting Bet ter at Re gi o nal Re la ti ons15. (C) The Ra can Go vern ment has al ways as ser ted that im pro ving re la ti ons with

Cro a tia’s ne ig hbors in the re gion is a top fo re ign po licy pri o rity, but re sults ha ve been mi -xed. 2002 was a bet ter year: Slo ve nia fi nally let Ra can off the ho ok for his july 2001 gaf -fe on Pi ran Bay (ini ti a ling an un ra ti fi a ble ma ri ti me bor der agre e ment). Cro a tia ma in ta i -ned a ge ne rally po si ti ve stan ce to wards Bo snia and Her ze go vi na, and whi le it ma de noreal pro gress on re turns is su es (see be low), it re sol ved a long-stan ding bor der dis pu te atKo staj ni ca and con ti nued to en co u ra ge Bo snian cro ats to strengthen the ir own co un try’scen tral in sti tu ti ons and stop lo o king to Za greb. The most pro gress has been ma de withYugo sla via. Cro a tia and Yugo sla via fi nally ham me red out a du ra ble “tem po rary” deal onthe Pre vla ka Pe nin su la, le a ding to the clo su re of the UN Ob ser ver Mis sion the re. Cap -ping a year of ste a dily im pro ving eco no mic re la ti ons, Eco nomy Mi ni ster Jur cic sig ned aFree Tra de Agre e ment with Yugo sla via in Bel gra de on De cem ber 23. Cro a tia has ma deen co u ra ging no i ses abo ut wor king clo sely with Ma ce do nia and Al ba nia, the two ot her“con ti nu ing aspi rants” for NA TO mem ber ship.

Strong Sup port for An ti-ter ro rist Co a li tion16. (C) Cro a tia’s sup port in the war on ter ror has been con si stently strong. In ad di -

tion to its con tri bu tion of hu ma ni ta rian as si stan ce in April, Cro a tia ma de a sig ni fi cant do -na tion of we a pons and mu ni ti ons to the Afg han Na ti o nal Army, and in De cem ber, thePar li a ment ap pro ved the de ployment of a unit of mi li tary po li ce to Afg ha ni stan in sup -port of the In ter na ti o nal Se cu rity As si stan ce For ce (ISAF). Whi le the balky Cro a tian bu -re a uc racy has so far pre ven ted pro gress on a mio re gi me, Cro a tia, with a lit tle di rec tionfrom US, in ter dic ted and se i zed the MV Bo ka Star, a Ton ga-flag ged ship at temp ting tosmug gle roc ket pro pel lant from Mon te ne gro, per haps for on ward de li very to Iraq. Cro a -tia ne eds to mo ve for ward mo re qu ickly on ra tifying in ter na ti o nal ter ro rism con ven ti onsiden ti fied by UN SCR 1373, espe ci ally the In ter na ti o nal Con ven tion on the Sup pres sionof Ter ro rist Fi nan ce, which is stal led in the Go vern ment’s bu re a uc racy.

Fa i ling Gra des on Re fu gee Re turn and Ju di cial Re form17. (C) The most di sap po in ting fa i lu re of the Ra can Go vern ment has been the dis -

pa rity bet we en rhe to ric and re a lity on re fu gee re turns and pro perty re sti tu tion is su es. Thenum bers of et hnic Serbs re tur ning to the ir ho mes in Cro a tia in 2002 re ma i ned flat whi le

17

num bers el sew he re we re pe a king. The Go vern ment fa i led to fol low thro ugh on its com -mit ments – and its own law – on evic ting Bo snian Cro ats from il le gally-oc cu pied ho mesbe lon ging to Serbs. Whi le bud get short falls we re ge nu i ne, the Go vern ment co uld ha vedo ne much mo re to en co u ra ge re turns. De spi te con si stent ur ging from the In ter na ti o nalcom mu nity, the Ra can Go vern ment simply did not ma ke the se is su es a high pri o rity.Now, with an elec tion year in the of fing, it is even less li kely that the Go vern ment willfo cus on re turns. Both we and our Euro pean col le a gu es ha ve ma de it in cre a singly cle arthat Cro a tia must per form on this is sue if it ho pes to pro gress to wards EU and NA TOmem ber ship. This is a mes sa ge we must con ti nue to ham mer ho me at NA TO, as we be -li e ve the eu will al so in re spon se to Cro a tia’s ap pli ca tion for can di dacy.

18. (C) Cro a tia’s ju di ci ary re ma ins the sec tor whe re the Ra can Go vern ment has ma -de the le ast pro gress on re forms. The lack of pro perly-fun cti o ning ci vil co urts has be co -me an ob stac le to re forms in ot her are as li ke pri va ti za tion and pro perty re sti tu tion. Butthe pro blems in cri mi nal co urts ha ve mo re costly ef fects: po or pro ce du re, lack of or ga ni -za tion, in suf fi ci ent re so ur ces and – most im por tantly – un pro fes si o nal ju rists su bject topo li ti cal in flu en ce ha ve me ant that so me se ri o us cri mes ha ve go ne un pu nis hed. The lackof le a der ship and com mit ment to ju di cial re forms has had an im pact on our en ga ge mentwith the Go vern ment. USAID re cently ter mi na ted an as si stan ce pro gram with the Za grebMu ni ci pal Land Re gi stry, af ter two years of mi xed re sults. The Re gi stry’s mul tiyear bac -klog is a ma jor bar ri er to both fo re ign and do me stic in vest ment, yet the co urt re si sted allef forts to im ple ment me a ning ful ma na ge rial re forms. Si mi larly, pro gress on an on go ingjo int World Bank/USAID pro gram to de ve lop and im ple ment a new co urt and ca se ma -na ge ment system in com mer cial co urts co un try-wi de has been slo wed to a crawl due toa Mi ni stry of Ju sti ce that is un co o pe ra ti ve and re si stant to re form.

19. (C) The re is so me ho pe for chan ge. Alt ho ugh the Ju sti ce Mi ni ster con ti nu es todi sap po int, Cro a tia pas sed a new Cri mi nal Co de and in stal led a new, bu si nes sli ke Sta teAt tor ney in 2002. Whi le the Lo ra war cri mes trial was a spec ta cu lar fa i lu re, that ru lingco uld be re ver sed on ap peal. The Bo bet ko In dic tment may ha ve gi ven new energy andur gency to the Go vern ment’s ef forts to pro se cu te war cri mes do me sti cally.

Ho pes for EU and NA TO Mem ber ship20. (C) EU mem ber ship re ma ins Cro a tia’s top pri o rity, and it has ma de so me im por -

tant pro gress to ward that goal in the past year. The Go vern ment in tends to sub mit its for -mal ap pli ca tion in the first half of 2003. The EU‘s re spon se will be co lo red by Cro a tia’shan dling of the Bo bet ko In dic tment. The Ra can Go vern ment has an no un ced a “Euro -pean of fen si ve” in which the PM will vi sit most EU ca pi tals in the co ming month to tryto get Cro a tia back in the good bo oks of mem ber sta tes.

21. (C) NA TO mem ber ship re ma ins a high pri o rity for the Go vern ment, but has lesssa li en ce with the pu blic af ter Pra gue; the un der stan ding that an in vi ta tion is years awayhas fil te red down. With U.S. for ces en ga ged el sew he re, we ha ve less high-pro fi le mi li -tary en ga ge ment with Cro a tia.

Lo o king ahead22. (C) As 2003 un folds and elec ti ons ap pro ach, the Ra can Go vern ment will try to

fo cus on a nar ro wer set of go als with easy-to-un der stand ap peal to vo ters. One po li ti calin si der told us that the HSS wo uld ne ver call for new elec ti ons with a pa pal vi sit on the18

ca len dar for Ju ne. Sin ce they wo uld not risk be ing bla med for dis rup ting the to u rist se a -son eit her, the most li kely da te for elec ti ons wo uld be Oc to ber 2003, be fo re the bud gethas to be pas sed. Elec ti ons must ta ke pla ce be fo re April 2004, wit hin sixty days af ter theend of the cur rent sa bor’s fo ur-year term, which be gan when the new Par li a ment firstcon ve ned in fe bru ary 2000. That li kely me ans Cro a tia – and we – fa ce a long cam pa ignse a son in which lit tle pro gress is ma de on the is su es most im por tant to us.

23. (C) Polls show that this elec tion is Ra can’s to lo se: the num ber of re spon dentswho say they will vo te, but ha ve not de ci ded for whom, is lar ger even than the HDZ’snum bers. Polls ters tell us that this num ber of un de ci ded vo ters is in cre a sing in di rect pro -por tion to SDP’s los ses in the polls. All of the po li ti cal par ti es li kely to win se ats in thenext Par li a ment ha ve an no un ced they will not join a pre-elec tion co a li tion, but all re a dilyre cog ni ze that the days of a sin gle-party Go vern ment are go ne. That sho uld ha ve the sa -lu ta tory ef fect of for cing the HDZ to mo ve to the cen ter, to ma ke it a pa la ta ble cho i ce forpo ten tial co a li tion part ners.

24. (C) Our strongly held vi ew re ma ins that the HDZ has not yet evol ved eno ugh toma ke it a good cho i ce for Cro a tia’s fu tu re and will not soon. If Ra can is to suc ceed, hene eds to use the co ming year to con vin ce vo ters that a Co a li tion led by the SDP wo uldbring Cro a tia clo ser to its go als than the HDZ. It is still in our in te rests to help him ac hi -e ve this goal. As Cro a tia has ma tu red, so has the ro le of the In ter na ti o nal com mu nity inthe po li ti cal pro cess. Rat her than the ac ti vist, in ter ven ti o nist po licy we suc cessfully im -ple men ted to get Ra can’s Co a li tion elec ted, we in tend in this elec tion se a son to fo cus onhel ping Co a li tion par ti es fo cus the ir mes sa ges and get out the vo te.

25. (C) We will con ti nue to press the Cro a tian Go vern ment to mo ve for ward withre forms on all fronts. Whi le elec tion pres su res may ma ke them less re spon si ve to us, ourEU col le a gu es will li kely ha ve mo re le ve ra ge, sin ce many vo ters will ma ke the ir cho i ceba sed on how suc cessfully they think can di da tes will mo ve Cro a tia to wards the EU. Thisis a good thing, sin ce mo re than ever, we and the EU are pus hing Cro a tia to ma ke the sa -me cho i ces, and the EU is pus hing har der than in the past.

26. (C) Part of the re a son we gi ve the Ra can Go vern ment such low marks is be ca -u se three years ago we had such high ex pec ta ti ons. And yet the Co a li tion Go vern menthas fa i led to li ve up to Cro a tian vo ters’ and our own ho pes, it has ma de so me im por tantpro gress. Cro a tia has bro ught in cre a sed sta bi lity to So ut he ast Euro pe. But if it shows not -hing el se, the Bo bet ko In dic tment shows how shal low re forms are he re. Our con ti nueden ga ge ment is vi tal to en su re that chan ges be gun three years ago are in sti tu ti o na li zed.

Ros sin con fi den tial

VIRe fe ren ce id: 03ZA GREB470Su bject: Otp Bom bast on Go to vi na / Cro a tian Non-co o pe ra tion on Do cu ment Sha -

ringOri gin: Em bassy Za greb (Cro a tia) Ca ble ti me: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec retSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2003/03/03ZA GREB470.html

19

Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Sec retSIP DIS COR REC TED COPY (AD DING PRI STI NA) STA TE FOR EUR, EUR/SCE,

S/WCI THE HA GUE FOR JOHNSON/KAYE/WHE A TON E.O. 12958: DECL:1.6X6: 5 YEARS AF TER CLO SU RE OF ICTY SEC RET PA GE 02 ZA GREB 0047001 OF 03 052218Z

Tags: KAWC [A tro ci ti es and War Cri mes], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs],PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PREL [Ex -ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PREL [Ex ter nal Po -li ti cal Re la ti ons], HR [Cro a ti a], HR KAWC, ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal forthe for mer Yugo sla vi a], War Cri mes

Ref: ZA GREB 305 Classified By: PO LOFF RO BERT SIL BER STEIN, RE A SON 1.6 (X6)

Sum mary1. (S) Tho mas Oso rio (strictly pro tect), Head of ICTY’s Za greb Of fi ce, told us

March 4 that re cent sta te ments by OTP spo ke sper son Hart mann and OTP po li ti cal advi -sor Jo ris lam ba sting the GoC for its fa i lu re to cap tu re ICTY in dic tee An te Go to vi na we -re “un pro fes si o nal.” Oso rio told us that he has seen no cre di ble evi den ce to sup port re -cent OTP cla ims that Go to vi na is “mo ving freely” in Cro a tia. Ac cor ding to Oso rio, theOTP was pre pa red ci te the GoC for non-com pli an ce on tec hni cal gro unds if Cro a tia didnot ser ve the ICTY In dic tment to Ge ne ral Bo bet ko, even tho ugh the ICTY jud ge was setto ru le that the Ge ne ral’s he alth prec lu ded a trial. Whi le the OTP’s fru stra tion is un der -stan da ble, mi sma na ge ment of the Go to vi na ca se and pi ling on over Bo bet ko un der cutsthe ICTY‘s cre di bi lity with its al li es and strengthens the hand of re jec ti o nists just as theTri bu nal en ters a pe riod of in cre a sing ten sion with the GoC over non-com pli an ce withdo cu ment re qu ests re la ted to Cro a tia’s in vol ve ment in Bo snia du ring the war. End sum -mary.

Anot her In tem pe ra te Blast from the OTP 2. (C) In se pa ra te me dia in ter vi ews on Fe bru ary 27 and 28. OTP spo ke sper son Flo -

ren ce Hart mann and OTP po li ti cal advi sor Jean-Ja qu es Jo ris is sued sta te ments sayingthat ICTY in dic tee An te Go to vi na was “mo ving freely in Cro a tia,” and that the GoC fa -i led to use the nu me ro us op por tu ni ti es it had to catch the fu gi ti ve. Jo ris went on to addthat the OTP had pro vi ded “evi den ce” to the GoC on Go to vi na, but yet the GoC fa i ledto act. Both Hart mann and Jo ris al so openly cri ti ci zed Cro a tian co o pe ra tion on do cu mentsha ring, hig hlig hting spe ci fi cally its fa i lu re to de li ver Bo snia-re la ted do cu ments de spi tenu me ro us ICTY re qu ests. 20

3. (C) On March 3, we met with Cro a tian Po li ce Di rec tor Ran ko Osto jic to di scussthe Go to vi na ca se. Osto jic re pe a ted his man tra that the po li ce fa ith fully fol low up onevery lead, but ac ti o na ble evi den ce has ne ver been pro vi ded (or de ve lo ped by the Cro a -ti ans). A spe cial po li ce unit has Go to vi na’s fa mily and clo se as so ci a tes un der sur ve il lan -ce. Osto jic, ho we ver, ca te go ri cally re fu ted Jo ris’ char ge on Go to vi na. Ne it her he, nor am -bas sa dor Kr nic, the head of the GoC Of fi ce for co o pe ra tion with ICTY, who re cently vi -si ted the Ha gue on con sul ta ti ons, had re ce i ved any in for ma tion from the OTP on Go to -vi na’s whe re a bo uts.

4. (SBU) Pu blicly, the GoC has de nied that the re is any bre ak in Cro a tia’s co o pe ra -tion with the ICTY. Pri me Mi ni ster Ra can com men ted that, “for va ri o us re a sons,” pe o -ple are at temp ting “to fa bri ca te” a con flict bet we en ICTY and the GoC.

OTP not Pro fes si o nal 5. (S) In light of the war of words bet we en the OTP and the GoC, the ap pa rent di -

scon nect bet we en the OTP and the GoC over in for ma tion sha ring and our con cerns – ex -pres sed ref tel – that the OTP do es not ha ve a co he rent stra tegy for de a ling with Cro a tia,we met March 4 with ICTY Za greb Of fi ce head Tho mas Oso rio (strictly pro tect thro ug -ho ut). Whi le cal ling the OTP’s han dling of the Go to vi na ca se ama te u rish, Oso rio con fir -med that the OTP’s com pla ints abo ut GoC do cu ment sha ring are va lid and are re ac hingcri sis le vels.

6. (S) On Go to vi na, the OTP is its own worst enemy, Oso rio said. As far as heknows, the re is no new cre di ble in for ma tion ava i la ble de mon stra ting Go to vi na’s pre sen -ce in Cro a tia. The re we re re por ted sig htings of Go to vi na in Za greb aro und Christ mas.Ho we ver, the OTP in ve sti ga tors, who de ve lo ped the lead from in ter vi ews with ot her Cro -a tian war cri mes su spects, only pro vi ded the in for ma tion to the Cro a tian po li ce well af -ter the fact. By that ti me, the lead – if in deed it ever was cre di ble – had go ne sta le. Thiser ror was part of a con ti nu ing trend among OTP of fi ci als who re fu se to ve rify in for ma -tion with the lo cal Za greb Of fi ce which has been co or di na ting the Go to vi na in ve sti ga tionwith the Cro a tian po li ce from the out set. In stead, OTI in ve sti ga tors pass on tho se er ro ne -o us, sta le or cir cu lar le ads to Jo ris, Hart mann and Del Pon te as fact. Oso rio said that heur gently con tac ted OTP advi sor An ton Ni ki fo rov to in ter ce de with Hart mann and Jo risto cor rect the re cord. He al so asked that Ni ko fo rov en su re that any fu tu re sta te ments onGo to vi na are sup por ted by in con tro ver ti ble fact.

Do cu ment Sha ring: Real GoC “Non-com pli an ce”? 7. (S) Oso rio says that the OTP vi ew of Cro a tian co o pe ra tion on do cu ment sha ring

has chan ged dra ma ti cally for the wor se sin ce last Oc to ber, when Del Pon te told theUNSC that she was sa tis fied with Cro a tian co o pe ra tion. Over the past few months, theOTP has con duc ted a com pre hen si ve in for ma tion audit and has de ter mi ned that the GoCis sub stan ti ally lag ging in re spon ding to do cu ment re qu ests on a wi de ran ge of is su es. Asre por ted ref tel, the ma jor GoC fa i ling con ti nu es to be the pro vi sion of do cu ments on Cro -a tian in vol ve ment in the war in Bo snia.

8. (S) We asked Oso rio to ad dress the Cro a tian ar gu ment, now ban died in the lo calme dia, that OTP do cu ment re qu ests are too broad. Oso rio said that such char ges are fal -se. In ve sti ga tors are put ting to get her the fi nal pi e ces of the ir ca ses and know exactly whatthey are lo o king for, he said. In the ca se of the Bo snia, re qu ests are very de ta i led, even to

21

the po int whe re in ve sti ga tors are se e king spe ci fic tran scripts of con ver sa ti ons of Pre si dentTudjman and then-de fen se mi ni ster Goj ko Su sak from 1993. The se tran scripts re por tedlyshow Tudjman de ci ding which of fi ci als sho uld be ap po in ted to the cro a tian pa ra-go vern -ment of Her ceg-Bo sna and or de ring spe ci fic units of the Cro a tian mi li tary (hv) to en terand fight in Bo snia. Ac cor ding to oso rio, in one ca se, the Tri bu nal has a copy of such atran script and me rely are se e king a cer ti fied copy for evi den ti ary pur po ses. Oso rio saidthat the GoC al so has fa i led to pro vi de bank re cords re la ted to the tran sfer of fun ding thro -ugh Pri vred na ban ka to sup port hv and HVO ope ra ti ons in Bo snia.

9. (S) On Ja nu ary 30, Del Pon te wro te a let ter to De puty Pre mi er Go ran Gra nic, inwhich, ac cor ding to Oso rio, the ICTY Chi ef Pro se cu tor read the GoC “the ri ot act.” Thelet ter sta tes that the OTP is “con cer ned and di sap po in ted” that do cu ments “are be ingwith held” and that Cro a tia is “not in com pli an ce” with its UNSC and Dayton obli ga ti onson the pro vi sion of BiH do cu men ta tion. The Ja nu ary 30 let ter sta tes that if the GoC do -es not hand over the do cu ments in qu e sti on by April 4, the OTP will re qu est that a jud gesub po e na them. The OTP al so will ask the jud ge to is sue a Se arch War rant, ar med withwhich ICTY of fi ci als wo uld ap pro ach pri vred na ban ka to open its ar chi ves. Ad di ti o nally,the OTP will pe ti tion the jud ge to sub po e na the GoC – eit her Gra nic or Kr nic – to ex pla -in to the Tri bu nal Cro a tian non-com pli an ce. The act of sub po e na ing wo uld trig ger a re -port of non-com pli an ce to the UNSC, oso rio ad ded.

10. (S) Gra nic re plied to Del Pon te in mid-Fe bru ary, af fir ming that the GoC wo uldma ke its “best ef fort” to find the do cu ments in qu e sti on, but so me do cu ments “did notexist.” Ot her do cu ments wo uld not be “easy to find” be ca u se the in for ma tion that the OTPpro vi ded was not spe ci fic eno ugh. With re gard to the bank do cu ments, Gra nic said thatGoC ef forts to pro vi de the do cu ments we re com pli ca ted by Cro a tian bank sec recy laws.

11. (S) Whi le Oso rio co uld not con firm why the GoC was with hol ding the do cu -ments – it is com mon know led ge that HV units fo ught in bo snia du ring the war – Oso rioagreed with us that one pos si ble mo ti ve co uld be GOC fe ar that the do cu ments wo uld con -firm di rect Cro a tian in ter ven tion in Bo snia from the out set of the war as well as the in ten -tion of Pre si dent Tudjman to car ve out of Bo snia an et hni cally pu re in de pen dent Cro a tianen tity. Oso rio be li e ved the se facts wo uld pro vi de suf fi ci ent ba sis for the Go BiH to fi le astrong su it aga inst Cro a tia for war re pa ra ti ons be fo re the In ter na ti o nal Co urt of Ju sti ce.

Bo bet ko Ca se Still Sim me ring12. (S) Oso rio de scri bed Del Pon te as be ing fru stra ted with both the ICTY pre si ding

jud ge and the GoC on the Bo bet ko Ca se. Del Pon te is “pis sed off” with the Pre si ding Jud -ge be ca u se he has not ru led on the me di cal ex pert te am’s re port on Ge ne ral Bo bet ko andon the Ge ne ral’s fit ness to stand trial. The OTP’s ex pec ta ti on still is that the jud ge will ru -le that Bo bet ko is un fit.

13. (S) At the sa me ti me, Del Pon te is fu ri o us at the Cro a tian co urts for not or de ringthat the Bo bet ko In dic tment be de li ve red to the ac cu sed or to his lawyers, as is spe ci fiedun der Cro a tian law. Po in ting to a Fe bru ary 13 lo cal press re port in which Bo bet ko re ce -i ved lo cal HDZ of fi ci als in the ho spi tal, Oso rio said that if Bo bet ko is fit eno ugh to re ce -i ve lo cal gu ests, he is fit eno ugh to re ce i ve the in dic tment. The OTP is pre pa ring a re qu -est to the GOC that it – as the OTP’s lo cal agent – fi le a mo tion be fo re the pre si ding Za -greb Jud ge to re qu est him to ser ve the In dic tment to Bo bet ko or his le gal re pre sen ta ti ves.Fa i lu re of the GoC to act on the OTP’s be half wo uld be anot her re a son to ci te Cro a tia for22

non-com pli an ce, Oso rio said. Whi le he ac know led ged that so me co uld per ce i ve this ap -pro ach as “so ur gra pes,” he said it was an im por tant po int of prin ci pal that sta tes complyfully with all the ir obli ga ti ons. This is one such ca se.

Com ment 14. (C) The OTP’s pre di lec tion to is sue un sub stan ti a ted sta te ments on Go to vi na’s

whe re a bo uts and its lack of con sul ta tion with its own ex perts on the gro und da ma ges theOTP’s cre di bi lity with the ICTY‘s in ter na ti o nal sup por ters, par ti cu larly with US and thebri tish. The OTP must ma ke cle ar to US what evi den ce it has on Go to vi na. Mo re bro -adly, it must do a far bet ter job in ma na ging its cro a tia port fo lio if we are to we igh in ef -fec ti vely on ICTY‘s be half with re cal ci trant GOC of fi ci als.

15. (C) The OTP’s mis han dling of the, Go to vi na ca se thre a tens to over sha dow whatap pe ars to be se ri o us Cro a tian non-com pli an ce over do cu ment sha ring. The OTP’s un -pro fes si o nal be ha vi or on Go to vi na di mi nis hes the in sti tu tion, we a kens the few pro fes si -o nals in Cro a tia in tent on cap tu ring the fu gi ti ve, and strengthens the hand of the many he -re that ar gue that ICTY is only pur su ing a pu rely po li ti cal agen da.

Ros sin sec ret

VIIRe fe ren ce id: 03THE HA GUE1417Su bject: Icty: Is Mi lo se vic Hol ding Up?Ori gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Thu, 5 Jun 2003 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2003/06/03THE HA GUE1417.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Con fi den tialSIP DIS DE PART MENT FOR S/WCI – PRO SPER/MIL LER, EUR – BO GUE, EUR/SCE

– JO NES/GRE GO RIAN, L/EUR – LAH NE, INR/WCAD – SPRIGG E.O. 12958: DECL: 1.6 FI VE YEARS AF TER CLO SU RE OF ICTY Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PHUM [Hu man Rights], BK [Bo snia

and Her ze go vi na], HR [Cro a ti a], SR [Ser bi a], NL [Net her lands], ICTY [In ter na ti o nalCri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a]

Ref: A. BEL GRA DE 810 B. THE HA GUE 209 AND PRE VI O US Clas si fied by: Le gal Co un se lor Clif ton M. Johnson per 1.5 (b) and (d) a nd 1.6.

1. (C) Sum mary: The last two months ha ve de alt blows to Slo bo dan Mi lo se vic fromBel gra de and wit hin the trial cham ber of the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the For -mer Yugo sla via (ICTY). In the ICTY, a se ri es of wit nes ses ha ve ham me red Mi lo se vic

23

with cri me-ba sed de ta ils of the jo int cri mi nal en ter pri se of which Mi lo se vic is al le ged tobe the head. As in the past, such chal len ges ha ve been co u pled with a dec li ne in Mi lo se -vic’s he alth, whet her ge nu i nely bro ught on by the ten si ons of the trial, ma ni pu la ted fortac ti cal re a sons to prompt a trial de lay, or a com bi na tion of the two. Me an whi le, the se -ri es of ac ti ons ta ken by the Go vern ment of Ser bia and Mon te ne gro (GO SAM) to ro undup tho se con nec ted to the cri mi nal gangs as so ci a ted with the as sas si na tion of Zo ran Djin -djic has da ma ged his sup port net work and furt her in cre a sed the pres su re on him. In di -scus si ons with well-pla ced of fi ci als in the Re gi stry and the Of fi ce of the Pro se cu tor(OTP) and ba sed on the ir ob ser va ti ons of him at trial, Em bassy le gal of fi cers ha ve gat he -red a mi xed pic tu re of Mi lo se vic’s physi cal and men tal he alth. End sum mary.

2. (C) Em bassy Bel gra de has re por ted ex ten si vely on the law en for ce ment ac ti onsta ken by the GO SAM sin ce the March as sas si na tion of Zo ran Djin djic, which in the pro -cess has net ted much of Mi lo se vic’s for mer col le a gu es in run ning the for mer Yugo sla via(ref a, among ot hers). Much of the ro und-up has hit Mi lo se vic di rectly. Clo se ob ser versof the trial, in clu ding tho se wit hin OTP and the Re gi stry, ha ve long be li e ved that Mar ko -vic has gi ven ge ne ral di rec tion to the ac cu sed’s de fen se ef forts and led the po li ti cal ef fortson his be half, sup por ted by Si ma to vic, Sta ni sic and a bevy of Serb lawyers and bu re a uc -ra tic (se cu rity, mi li tary, po li ce) hol do vers from the Mi lo se vic re gi me. A Re gi stry of fi cialhas seen evi den ce that the sup port such per sons pro vi ded is now drying up, le a ving Mi -lo se vic in cre a singly iso la ted in his pri son cell.

3. (C) In the we eks fol lo wing the ICTY‘s spring re cess (April 21 – 25), lead pro se -cu tor Ge of frey Ni ce (pro tect), who se es Mi lo se vic in the co ur tro om re gu larly, did not de -tect no ti ce a ble chan ges in his physi cal ap pe a ran ce or his abi lity to con cen tra te on the pro -ce e dings or con duct cross-exa mi na ti on. Ho we ver, Re gi stry se ni or le gal of fi cer Chri stianRoh de (pro tect), who se es Mi lo se vic on a we ekly ba sis out si de the co ur tro om and mo ni -tors his he alth clo sely, ga ve a mar kedly dif fe rent ta ke. He told em bassy le gal of fi cers thatMi lo se vic had lost “a co u ple of ki los” in the past few we eks alo ne. Roh de said that tho -se who see him out si de of the pro ce e dings be li e ve that his de fen se is “to tally we a ke ning”and that it ap pe ars that he has lost ac cess to his so ur ces of in tel li gen ce and fi nan ces, so -met hing, Roh de aver red, that is sho wing in his di mi nis hed le vel of trail pre pa ra tion. TheRe gi stry has Mi lo se vic’s blood pres su re un der con trol at this ti me, but that is only be ca -u se he is ta king his me di ca tion as pre scri bed. If Mi lo se vic go es off his me di ca tion, as hehas do ne be fo re, the he alth pro blems that ha ve dis rup ted the trial in the past co uld co meto the fo re on ce again. On May 27, Mi lo se vic ca me down with a high fe ver, ca u sing thetrial cham ber to adjo urn the trial for two days. Ho we ver, the trial re su med on May 29.

4. (C) Se ni or trial at tor ney Der mot Gro o me (pro tect) con cur red with Ni ce’s vi ewthat, if the ac cu sed is suf fe ring physi cally, his ap pe a ran ce do es not re flect it in any wo -rrying way. Em bassy le gal of fi cers, who see Mi lo se vic far less of ten than the pro se cu torsor Re gi stry of fi ci als, no ted that whi le Mi lo se vic lo o ked a bit ga unt du ring so me pro ce e -dings in May, he did not lo ok ill. Yet du ring the we ek of May 13, Gro o me told an em -bassy le gal of fi cer that, whi le he did not de tect se ri o us physi cal pro blems with Mi lo se vicasi de from so me ga unt ness, he did no ti ce a few chan ges in his pre pa ra tion and co ur tro -om be ha vi or. (No te: Gro o me ca u ti o ned that the se we re ini tial im pres si ons and co uld notbe ta ken to re flect any kind of me di cal or psycho lo gi cal eva lu a tion.) Gro o me said that onMay 8, the ac cu sed sho wed signs of “di scon nec ted tho ught pro ces ses” in his cross-exa -mi na ti on, an area in which Mi lo se vic was usu ally strong. His qu e sti ons on cross we re dis -24

jo in ted and did not se em to at tend to ward any par ti cu lar goal. Gro o me fo und par ti cu larlydis tur bing an event in May 9, when, at the con clu sion of his cross exa mi na ti on, Mi lo se -vic stood aro und with the ami ci cu ri ae (the “fri ends of the co urt” as si sting the de fen se butnot de fen ding him per se) and “gig gled and en ga ged in silly” con ver sa tion – so met hinghe’d ne ver seen Mi lo se vic do in over one year of trial pro ce e dings. It co uld be fa ti gue,Gro o me sug ge sted, but in a worst-ca se sce na rio, it co uld al so spell the be gin ning of so -me kind of physi cal or men tal ex ha u sti on. If the lat ter, Gro o me wor ri ed that the cham berco uld be put in an even tric ki er bind than it is cur rently (i.e., whe re it must mo ni tor theac cu sed’s blood pres su re) be ca u se it wo uld need to mo ni tor his abi lity or com pe tency tode fend him self. Mo re o ver, with a se ri es of in si der wit nes ses ap pe a ring in the co ming we -eks, Gro o me is wor ri ed abo ut the pos si ble cu mu la ti ve ef fect of evi den ce and out si de pres -su res on Mi lo se vic’s he alth.

5. (U) Me an whi le, an out burst by Mi lo se vic du ring the pre sen ta tion of “cri me-ba -se” evi den ce by the pro se cu tion over the past few we eks re sul ted in a sig ni fi cant ad mis -sion that the pro se cu tion in tends to ex plo it. Pro tec ted wit ness B-1461, a far mer from out -si de Zvor nik, te sti fied to the bru ta lity of a Bo snian Serb pa ra mi li tary gro up un der Du sanVuc ko vic. Du ring cross-exa mi na ti on, Mi lo se vic as ser ted that “I and the aut ho ri ti es ofSer bia” pu nis hed Vuc ko vic as a war cri mi nal for his ac ti ons. Whi le Mi lo se vic may ha vetho ught that he was dis tan cing him self from the cri mes de scri bed, the out burst al so pro -vi de an ad mis sion of a de gree of di sci pli nary aut ho rity that he exer ci sed over Bo snianSerb pa ra mi li ta ri es – con trary to his nor mal in si sten ce that Bel gra de had not hing to dowith the pa ra mi li ta ri es.

6. (U) On May 20, the trial cham ber gran ted the pro se cu tion’s re qu est for an ad di ti -o nal 100 trial days be gin ning May 16 for it to com ple te its ca se. Mi lo se vic did not ob jectto the re qu est re por tedly sta ting to the jud ges, “Ti me has been the only con si de ra tion inwhat you call a trial.” The trial cham ber con clu ded that cir cum stan ces exist to vary theori gi nal or der cal ling for the pro se cu tion to fi nish its ca se by May 16, and that it is in thein te rests of ju sti ce to al low the pro se cu tion to call as many wit nes ses as pos si ble re la tingto its co re ca se. (The re ha ve been mo re than 50 days lost due to Mi lo se vic’s ill he alth sin -ce the trial be gan.) The ex ten si on me ans that the trial will most li kely con ti nue in to 2005.The trial cham ber no ted that wit ho ut a fi nal pro se cu tion wit ness list, it is dif fi cult for theac cu sed to ade qu a tely pre pa re his de fen se. The pro se cu tion sta ted that they wo uld fi na li -ze the wit ness list shortly.

7. (C) Com ment: Mi lo se vic is en te ring the fi nal sta ge of the trial aga inst him in asig ni fi cantly we a ker po si tion than he was just a few months ago. To out si de ob ser vers,the pro se cu tion se ems to ha ve hit its stri de, with cre di ble wit nes ses te stifying to ter ri blecri mes com mit ted by tho se who we re af fi li a ted with Mi lo se vic or his sup por ters. Mi lo -se vic se ems to lack the re so ur ces to in ti mi da te and rat tle wit nes ses as he has do ne in thepast. Me an whi le, his sup port net work is dis si pa ting – it is un li kely that he has spo ken tothe per son clo sest to him, his wi fe, sin ce early April, when she was tar ge ted for ar rest byBel gra de law en for ce ment aut ho ri ti es. The big qu e sti on fa cing the pro se cu tors and thebench at this sta ge is whet her the flood of bad news will even tu ally over whelm Mi lo se -vic’s physi cal and/or men tal he alth. Mi lo se vic, tho ugh di mi nis hed, is not ne ar that sta genow but the co ming we eks sho uld ma ke cle a rer whet her the re cent dow nturn in his he -alth was a anot her in a se ri es of tem po rary fluc tu a ti ons or the be gin ning of a mo re su sta -i ned dec li ne. End com ment.

So bel25

VI IIRe fe ren ce id: 03THE HA GUE1806Su bject: Icc: A Ca u ti o us Be gin ning With Mi xed Sig nals From The Pro se cu torOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Tue, 15 Jul 2003 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2003/07/03THE HA GUE1806.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Con fi den tialSIP DIS E.O. 12958: DECL: 07/15/2013 Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], KAWC [A tro ci ti es and War Cri mes],

KJUS [Ad mi ni stra tion of Ju sti ce], ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for merYugo sla vi a], KICC

Ref: 02 THE HA GUE 3524 Clas si fied By: Le gal Co un se lor Clif ton M. Johnson per re a sons 1.5(b) an d (d).

1. (C) Sum mary: Pu blic do cu ments of the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Co urt (ICC) andcon ver sa ti ons with di plo mats from fri endly sta tes par ti es to the Ro me Sta tu te and ot hermem bers of The Ha gue in ter na ti o nal law com mu nity ha ve gi ven Em bassy le gal of fi cersan early glimp se in to the for ma ti ve ac ti vi ti es at ICC he a dqu ar ters. Chi ef Pro se cu tor Lu -is Mo re no-Ocam po and his key staf fers are wor king to de ve lop prin ci ples, ru les and re -gu la ti ons to gu i de the ir se lec tion of the first pre li mi nary exa mi na ti ons and in ve sti ga ti onswhi le at the sa me ti me cul ling thro ugh over 400 sub mis si ons al le ging po ten tial cri mes forthe ICC to pur sue. Ocam po has sig na led his in te rest in exa mi ning po ten tial cri mes inCon go and Co lom bia. Less cle ar are his vi ews on Iraq. Whi le he has spo ken of al le gedcri mes in vol ving Bri tish for ces in Iraq in se mi-pu blic bri e fings, his pri va te com ments in -di ca te that such ca ses wo uld be highly un li kely can di da tes for ICC in ve sti ga ti ons. Me an -whi le, in la te Ju ne, the ICC en ded the pha se of le a der ship head-hun ting when ICC jud -ges se lec ted Bru no Cat ha la of Fran ce as the or ga ni za tion’s first Re gi strar. With le a der shipfi gu res now in pla ce in all three bran ches of the co urt, the next key event is Ocam po’spress bri e fing on July 16 whe re he will pro vi de an over vi ew of “in for ma tion re ce i ved bythe Of fi ce of the Pro se cu tor re gar ding po ten tial si tu a ti ons un der the ju ris dic tion of the Co -urt.” End sum mary.

The Pro se cu tor Pro mi ses Re stra int and Fo cus 2. (C) ICC Chi ef Pro se cu tor Lu is Mo re no-Ocam po fa ces three ma jor tasks at this ti -

me – set ting out his of fi ce’s in ve sti ga ti ve and pro se cu to rial po li ci es and prin ci ples, or ga -ni zing the of fi ce it self, and re vi e wing in co ming in for ma tion con cer ning po ten tial cri mes.Ocam po’s early tho ughts on pro se cu to rial po licy may be fo und in a draft po licy pa per26

OTP pu blis hed on the ICC web si te in advan ce of a Ju ne 17-18 OTP “pu blic se mi nar”(see www.icc-cpi.int/otp/po licy.php). OTP se ems to be ma king an ef fort to cool the pas -si ons and lo wer the ex pec ta ti ons of ICC ac ti vists who want the pro se cu tor to is sue am bi -ti o us in dic tments soon. Three aspects of the pa per in par ti cu lar gi ve an early vi ew in tohow Ocam po in tends to ma na ge his in ve sti ga ti ve re spon si bi li ti es.

3. (C) First, the pa per emp ha si zes the con stra ints on ICC ac tion much mo re than theop por tu ni ti es for in ve sti ga ti ons and pro se cu ti ons. Ec ho ing the new Re gi strar’s vi ews (seepa ras 11-13 be low), it emp ha si zes “the lo gi sti cal con stra ints that will li mit the prac ti calsco pe of ac tion of the Co urt” and ar gu es for “a pro ject-ori en ted as op po sed to a sta tic or -ga ni sa tion mo del” for the co urt. Its emp ha sis on re so ur ce con stra ints is matched by a sta -ted com mit ment to com ple men ta rity – the prin ci ple that na ti o nal ju ris dic ti ons ha ve pri -macy over the ICC and that the ICC me rely com ple ments na ti o nal systems. It ma kes are stra i ned, if rhe to ri cal, cla im that the ICC’s suc cess sho uld be me a su red “by the ab sen -ce of tri als by the ICC as a con se qu en ce of the ef fec ti ve fun cti o ning of na ti o nal systems.”Such rhe to ric, we ha ve he ard from clo se ob ser vers of the ICC, has strongly ir ri ta ted le a -ding ICC sup por ters in the non-go vern men tal or ga ni za tion (NGO) com mu nity.

4. (C) With re spect to com ple men ta rity, OTP ta kes an ini tial stab at eva lu a ting thecon tent of the Ro me Sta tu te’s pro vi sion for de ter mi ning that the ICC may ta ke ju ris dic -tion over a si tu a tion if an ot her wi se re spon si ble sta te wo uld be “un wil ling or una ble” toexer ci se its ju ris dic tion. It sug gests that the pro se cu tor will need to ta ke a hard lo ok at suchsi tu a ti ons be fo re pro ce e ding to in ve sti ga ti ons. The pa per emp ha si zes that “Sta tes re mainre spon si ble and ac co un ta ble for in ve sti ga ting and pro se cu ting cri mes com mit ted un derthe ir ju ris dic tion and that na ti o nal systems are ex pec ted to ma in tain and en for ce ad he ren -ce to in ter na ti o nal stan dards.” In deed, the pro se cu tor se ems eager to use his po si tion asmuch to “help Sta te aut ho ri ti es to ful fill the ir duty to in ve sti ga te and pro se cu te at the na -ti o nal le vel” as to in ve sti ga te and pro se cu te cri mes him self.

5. (C) Se cond, the OTP is cle arly he a ding to ward a po licy – si mi lar to that of the In -ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla via (ICTY) – of fo cu sing its in ve sti -ga ti ve and pro se cu to rial ener gi es on se ni or-le vel per pe tra tors of cri mes wit hin its ju ris dic -tion. He re the OTP ap pe ars to be ta king a nar ro wer ap pro ach than the Ro me Sta tu te,which re fers to “the most se ri o us cri mes of con cern” to the in ter na ti o nal com mu nity, byfo cu sing on only the most se ni or al le ged per pe tra tors of such cri mes. The OTP ar gu esthat “(t)he con cept of gra vity sho uld not be ex clu si vely at tac hed to the act that con sti tu -ted the cri me but al so to the de gree of par ti ci pa tion in its com mis sion.” The OTP po licypa per con clu des that the OTP sho uld the re fo re “fo cus its in ve sti ga ti ve and pro se cu to rialef forts and re so ur ces on tho se who be ar the gre a test re spon si bi lity, such as the le a ders ofthe Sta te or or ga ni za tion al le gedly re spon si ble for tho se cri mes.” Em bassy le gal of fi cersha ve le ar ned from so me par ti ci pants at the Ju ne 17-18 OTP se mi nar that this aspect ofthe pa per ca u sed the gre a test con ster na tion among the NGO com mu nity, which dec riedthe emer gen ce of a so-cal led “im pu nity gap,” in which se ni or le vels get pro se cu ted butlo wer-le vel cri mi nals esca pe pro se cu tion. OTP an ti ci pa ted that char ge by sta ting, in itspa per, that “less gra ve ca ses” sho uld be re tur ned to na ti o nal ju ris dic ti ons for pro se cu tion– again, a furt her ec ho of the ICTY and its “com ple tion stra tegy”.

6. (C) Fi nally, the OTP do es not fully sug gest how it will eva lu a te in for ma tion thatNGOs and in di vi du als are in cre a singly sub mit ting as evi den ce of war cri mes, cri mes aga -inst hu ma nity or ge no ci de. Em bassy con tacts ha ve no ted that the pro se cu tor se ems obli -

27

ga ted to eva lu a te in co ming in for ma tion, wha te ver its so ur ce, po in ting to the pro vi sion ofAr tic le 15(2) of the Ro me Sta tu te that the “Pro se cu tor shall analyse the se ri o u sness of thein for ma tion re ce i ved.” The pa per emp ha si zes that OTP’s Analysis Sec tion “must bestrengthe ned” so that it can un der ta ke “fo cu sed and ef fec ti ve” pre li mi nary exa mi na ti onsof in co ming in for ma tion. The OTP espe ci ally wants to de ve lop analytic ca pa bi li ti es toiden tify “com plex pat terns of cri mi nal con duct” and the pre sen ce of ele ments of al le gedcri mes. Again, the pa per re turns to the the me of re so ur ce li mi ta ti ons, no ting the OTP’s in -te rest in “cost-ef fec ti ve” in ve sti ga ti ons.

7. (C) A set of “draft re gu la ti ons” de sig ned to gu i de OTP’s in ve sti ga ti ve and pro se -cu to rial ac ti vi ti es gi ves so me in sight in to how it will eva lu a te whet her in for ma tion pro -vi des a suf fi ci ent ba sis for an in ve sti ga tion. For in stan ce, the draft sec tion on pre li mi naryexa mi na ti ons wo uld gu i de the of fi ce from the ini tial col lec tion of com mu ni ca ti ons sub -mit ted to the OTP, to its “as ses sment of the cre di bi lity and re li a bi lity of the so ur ces of in -for ma tion” and the pre pa ra tion of a “pre li mi nary exa mi na ti on re port” and “draft in ve sti -ga tion plan.” The ul ti ma te aim in this re spect wo uld be a re com men da tion from the de -puty pro se cu tors for in ve sti ga ti ons and pro se cu ti ons to the chi ef pro se cu tor as to whet herOTP sho uld se ek aut ho ri za tion from a pre-trial cham ber to con duct an in ve sti ga tion. Adraft in ve sti ga tion plan wo uld as sess such items as the re a so na ble ness of be li ef that a cri -me wit hin the ICC’s ju ris dic tion to ok pla ce; the ro le of li kely su spects and aims of an in -ve sti ga tion; whet her a ca se wo uld me et the com ple men ta rity stan dards of the Sta tu te; adi scus sion of re qu i red re so ur ces for an in ve sti ga tion; and ot her mat ters. The full text ofthe re gu la ti ons may be fo und at www.icc-cip.int/otp/draft re gu la ti ons.

8. (C) At the or ga ni za ti o nal le vel, the OTP de puty slots re main to be fil led (per hapsby a de ci sion of the As sembly of Sta tes Par ti es in Sep tem ber), tho ugh Ocam po has ini ti -a ted an ac ti ve hi ring pro gram that tracks his fo cus on po li ci es and in ve sti ga ti ons rat herthan pro se cu ti ons at this sta ge. The in sti tu tion re ma ins small, and OTP is lo o king to hi remid-le vel in ve sti ga tors and lawyers to gu i de pre li mi nary exa mi na ti ons of in co ming in -for ma tion as well as lawyers with bac kgro und in pu blic in ter na ti o nal cri mi nal law. Hehas hi red as his chi ef of staff and head of the OTP’s “com ple men ta rity unit” Ar gen ti nedi plo mat and lawyer Sylvia Fer nan dez. Fer nan dez has ex ten si ve ex pe ri en ce with theICC, ha ving ser ved as a se ni or ne go ti a tor for Ar gen ti na at Ro me and as head of the wor -king gro up lo o king at the de fi ni tion of ag gres sion in the ICC Pre pa ra tory Com mis sion.A UK col le a gue in di ca ted that she is con si de red a re li a ble and se ri o us per son who is ra -ted very highly by FCO lawyers. The ex pe ri en ce of so me USG de le ga tes to the ICC Ro -me Con fe ren ce is less po si ti ve and so me cre dit her with the draf ting of va ri o us an ti-U.S.pro vi si ons in the sta tu te. We ex pect that Fer nan dez’ ro le and in flu en ce will be co me cle a -rer over ti me.

But Is Ocam po Ready For Pri me Ti me?9. (C) Whi le Ocam po se ems to be mo ving the OTP in a ca re ful di rec tion with his

draft po licy pa per, his pu blic sta te ments re veal a pro se cu tor who has not yet ma ste red hispu blic ro le. Ocam po will be furt her te sted and su bject to pu blic scru tiny when he de scri -bes in a July 16 press con fe ren ce the over 400 sub mis si ons re ce i ved by the OTP thus far,of which over 100 are said to be Iraq-re la ted. In se mi-pri va te fo rums and in pri va te con -ver sa ti ons re por ted to Em bassy le gal of fi cers, Ocam po has in di ca ted con si stently that hisini tial in ve sti ga ti ve in te rests will fo cus not on Iraq but on the si tu a tion in the Con go, in -28

clu ding the po ten tial in vol ve ment of Bel gi ans with fi nan cial in te rests in the di a mond in -du stry, and Co lom bia. In pu blic, ho we ver, Ocam po has been less re stra i ned. At a re centpre sen ta tion be fo re a gro up of ICTY staff and stu dents par ti ci pa ting in a Hu ma nity in Ac -tion sum mer co ur se, Ocam po said that he was lo o king at the ac ti ons of Bri tish for ces inIraq – which, ac cor ding to one Em bassy so ur ce, led a Bri tish ICTY pro se cu tor ne arly tofall off his cha ir. It was, anot her par ti ci pant said, “a com ple te shoc ker” and ca me wit ho -ut any qu a li fi ca ti ons. Such sta te ments may con tain less than me ets the eye. Pri va tely,Ocam po has said that he wis hes to dis po se of Iraq is su es (i.e., not in ve sti ga te them), muchin li ne with what Re gi strar Cat ha la is ur ging (see pa ra 13 be low). In ad di tion, so me ob -ser vers of Ocam po be li e ve he has adop ted too much of an aca de mic ap pro ach – ra i singsi tu a ti ons such as Iraq not to sig nal are as he wis hes to in ve sti ga te but to il lu stra te the li -mits of the ICC’s ju ris dic tion (i.e., that ju ris dic tion may ex tend to UK but not U.S. per -son nel).

10. (C) Em bassy in ter lo cu tors ha ve al so sug ge sted that Ocam po’s pu blic re marksmay be di rec ted at fen ding off a wa ve of dis sa tis fac tion among the NGO com mu nity abo -ut his draft po licy pa per. Ac cor ding to this re a so ning, Ocam po wants to bring at ten tion tothe com pla ints he has re ce i ved so as to prompt go vern ments to con duct the ir own in ve -sti ga ti ons and the reby pro vi de a ba sis for re mo ving the se ca ses from ICC re vi ew un derthe com ple men ta rity pro vi sion. A col le a gue at the UK Em bassy, who was awa re ofOcam po’s re marks con cer ning the UK, said Lon don was not par ti cu larly con cer ned be -ca u se any in for ma tion abo ut UK war cri mes, if as ses sed re li a ble, wo uld be the su bject ofin ve sti ga tion by re le vant UK aut ho ri ti es and, ul ti ma tely, not be su bject to ICC in ve sti ga -tion. So me Em bassy con tacts al so sug gest that Ocam po’s me di oc re En glish skills maygi ve his pu blic re marks a less nu an ced and mo re glib te nor than in ten ded.

A Ca u ti o us French Ad mi ni stra tor for the ICC 11. (C) On Ju ne 24, the ICC’s 18 jud ges se lec ted as Re gi strar Fran ce’s Bru no Cat -

ha la – a prag ma tist who im pres sed Em bassy le gal of fi cers in his for mer fun ction as de -puty re gi strar of the ICTY. Cat ha la has been the de fac to Re gi strar sin ce the fall, whenthe As sembly of Sta tes Par ti es drew him away from the ICTY in or der to be the ICC’sDi rec tor of Com mon Ser vi ces, or chi ef ad mi ni stra tor. (No te: His se lec tion di sap po in tedthe Dutch Go vern ment, which had ex pec ted, as is the tra di tion with many in ter na ti o nalle gal in sti tu ti ons in the Ha gue, that the po si tion wo uld go to the Dutch can di da te. End no -te.) A lawyer and ci vil law jud ge by tra i ning, Cat ha la has long ex pe ri en ce in co urt and or -ga ni za ti o nal ma na ge ment. The Em bassy’s ex pe ri en ce with Cat ha la as de puty re gi strar ofthe ICTY is so lidly po si ti ve; he was a le a ding for ce be hind the emer gen ce of the com ple -tion stra tegy and a con stant thorn in the si des of ICTY jud ges and pro se cu tors, whom hepres sed daily to stick to ICTY ef fi ci ency and com ple tion stra tegy benchmarks. He re gu -larly ma de him self ava i la ble to Em bassy of fi cers to di scuss ICTY is su es, and in our pe -ri o dic con tact with him sin ce his de par tu re from the ICTY, has emp ha si zed his in te rest inse e ing the ICC de ve lop in a de cen tra li zed, fle xi ble, me a su red, and nar rowly fo cu sed way.See ref tel.

12. (C) Sen si ti ve to the ICC’s re so ur ce li mi ta ti ons, Cat ha la be li e ves that the ICCcan not se ek to try all war cri mi nals wit hin the co urt’s ju ris dic tion but ne eds to fo cus itsef forts on tho se most re spon si ble for such cri mes. It is a vi sion de ri ved from his ex pe ri -en ce at the ICTY and le ads him to a dif fe rent pla ce than many of the ICC’s stron gest sup -

29

por ters. Whi le he will not ha ve in flu en ce over the pro se cu tor’s spe ci fic in ve sti ga ti ve de -ci si ons, he will be in a po si tion to help ste er the ICC in a fi scally re spon si ble di rec tion.An ener ge tic and vo lu ble cha rac ter, Cat ha la pro fes ses to be a pro po nent of ca u tion wit -hin the ICC, and his con trol of the pur se will un do ub tedly in flu en ce the OTP and cham -bers.

13. (C) Cat ha la (ple a se pro tect) told an em bassy le gal of fi cer that he has stronglyadvi sed Ocam po to spe ak very ca re fully in pu blic and to be ex tra or di na rily sen si ti ve tothe way even strictly ac cu ra te sta te ments may be per ce i ved. In the fa ce of the me dia “pus -hing and pus hing” and un der the watchful eyes of go vern ments, the “first wrong word,”Cat ha la said, co uld easily spell di sa ster for the co urt. It will be cru cial, he said, for the ICCto dis po se easily of “silly things li ke Iraq”. “We’re not go ing to run all over the world,”said Cat ha la, who ad ded that he per so nally wants re la ti ons with the USG to be smo oth.

Com ment 14. (C) Cat ha la’s per so nal com ments to Em boff and Ocam po’s early OTP do cu -

ments se em de sig ned to put the USG at ease and as su re us that the co urt will pro ceed ca -re fully and not la unch con tro ver sial in ve sti ga ti ons. Ocam po’s pu blic sta te ments ra i secon cerns less abo ut what he will in ve sti ga te and pro se cu te – as one col le a gue no ted to us,the pro se cu tor has an obli ga tion not me rely to throw away com pla ints but must at le astdis po se of them ac cor ding to so me lo gic – than abo ut his abi lity to avoid em bro i ling theICC in con tro versy even in the ab sen ce of any in ve sti ga ti ons. The pro of of Ocam po’s abi -li ti es and in ten ti ons, of co ur se, will be fo und in how he se lects and in ve sti ga tes his firsttar gets.

15. (C) De spi te the se e ming tran spa rency of the OTP, many qu e sti ons are li kely tore main unan swe red un til the first in ve sti ga ti ons are an no un ced. For in stan ce, how willthe OTP sift thro ugh its gro wing in-box, so me sub mis si ons no do ubt le gi ti ma te but manymo re po li ti cally mo ti va ted and use less for the pur po se of in ve sti ga ti ons? How in prac ti -ce will the pro se cu tor de ter mi ne when a Sta te is “un wil ling or una ble” to exer ci se ju ris -dic tion over an al le ged cri me? Will the pro se cu tor un der ta ke pre li mi nary in ve sti ga ti onseven be fo re de ter mi ning whet her a Sta te is “una ble or un wil ling” to do so it self? Whatspe ci fic cri mes will be of the most in te rest to the OTP, and how high up the chain of com -mand will the pro se cu tor se lect his in ve sti ga ti ve tar gets? With Ocam po be gin ning to siftthro ugh in ve sti ga tion sub mis si ons and new staff co ming on bo ard, the co ming monthssho uld de mon stra te mo re cle arly whet her the ICC and its le a der ship ha ve the tem pe ra -ment to pur sue and su stain a ca u ti o us co ur se.

So bel

IXRe fe ren ce id: 03THE HA GUE2611Su bject: Icty: Mi lo se vic Trial Cham ber Ba lan ces Key Wit nes ses, He alth Is su es And

Ef fi ci ent Trial Ma na ge mentOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 10 Oct 2003 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2003/10/03THE HA GUE2611.html

30



Con fi den tialSIP DIS DE PART MENT FOR S/WCI – PRO SPER/RIC HARD, EUR – ROS SIN,

EUR/SCE – STEP HEN/GRE GO RIAN, L/EUR – LAH NE, INR/WCAD – SE I DEN -STRIC KER/MO RIN E.O. 12958: DECL: 1.6 FI VE YEARS AF TER CLO SU RE OFICTY

Tags: BK [Bo snia and Her ze go vi na], HR [Cro a ti a], NL [Net her lands], PHUM [Hu -man Rights], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], SR [Ser bi a], ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri -mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a]

Ref: A. THE HA GUE 2568 B. SEC STA TE 287657 Clas si fied By: Ac ting Le gal Co un se lor Da vid Kaye per re a sons 1.5 (b)-(d ).

1. (SBU) Sum mary: Trial Cham ber III of the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for theFor mer Yugo sla via (ICTY) had its hands full this we ek as it re con ve ned to he ar the Pro -se cu tion’s ca se aga inst Slo bo dan Mi lo se vic. Com pres sed in to the new three-day per we -ek sche du le, the pro ce e dings ba lan ced the te sti mony of key wit nes ses, in clu ding Ge ne -ral Ru pert Smith, Com man der of the UN Pro tec tion For ce (UN PRO FOR) in Bo snia andHer ze go vi na (BiH) in 1995; con ti nued ma na ge ment of Mi lo se vic’s he alth and de fen sere so ur ces; and pro ce du ral mec ha nisms de sig ned to han dle the Pro se cu tion ca se ef fi ci -ently. End sum mary.

Key te sti mony 2. (SBU) On Oc to ber 9, the trial cham ber he ard the te sti mony of Ge ne ral Ru pert

Smith, Com man der of UN PRO FOR in 1995 and De puty Al lied Su pre me Com man derEuro pe from 1998-2002. His te sti mony, among ot her things, pla ced Mi lo se vic and Mla -dic at the sa me me e ting on July 15, 1995 in Bel gra de. He al so te sti fied that the shel lingof the mar ket pla ce in Sa ra je vo in August 1995, which kil led and wo un ded many ci vi li -ans, must ha ve co me from Bo snian Serb po si ti ons and not from wit hin the en cla ve. Smithhan dled well the cross-exa mi na ti on on this to pic, in which Mi lo se vic hig hlig hted di scre -pan ci es bet we en an ini tial French-led in ve sti ga tion and a la ter, mo re com pre hen si ve onecar ried out by Smith’s Ame ri can-led te am. He pla ced sol di ers in “black uni forms” in theas sa ult on Ze pa, which oc cur red di rectly af ter the mas sac res in Sre bre ni ca. The sol di ersin black uni forms, Smith te sti fied, we re not part of the re gu lar Bo snian Serb for ces andwo re Ser bian Army flas hes on the ir sle e ves. They re ma i ned in Ze pa un til they left withMla dic to re in for ce an area in West Re pu bli ca Srp ska. He al so ex po sed co ded com mu -ni ca ti ons which ap pe a red to show that Mi lo se vic was in con tact with Mla dic thro ugh thesum mer of 1995. Smith te sti fied to his be li ef that Mi lo se vic must ha ve known of the on -go ing Sre bre ni ca atro ci ti es as of the me e ting with Mla dic on July 15.

3. (C) On the sa me day of Smith’s te sti mony, one se ni or pro se cu tion at tor ney saidthat mem bers of the Sre bre ni ca te am (i.e., tho se bu il ding the ca se for Mi lo se vic’s sha re

31

of re spon si bi lity for the July 1995 mas sac res aro und Sre bre ni ca) we re “bo un cing off thewalls” be ca u se of lead pro se cu tor Ge of frey Ni ce’s fa i lu re to eli cit Smith’s vi ew that thefact of the mas sac res – if not the sco pe – was cle arly fo re se e a ble by anybody with know -led ge of the si tu a tion in and aro und the so-cal led UN sa fe ha ven. Smith told the pro se cu -tion te am on the eve of his te sti mony that he strongly be li e ved this to be true, but, for anunk nown re a son, Ni ce fa i led to ask the re le vant qu e sti ons du ring the di rect exa mi na ti on.Com ment: This is espe ci ally dis pi ri ting to the Sre bre ni ca te am, which is la bo ring stre nu -o usly to bu ild the ge no ci de ca se aga inst Mi lo se vic. End com ment.

4. (SBU) Ear li er in the we ek, the Pro se cu tion cal led one in si der wit ness who te sti -fied to Mi lo se vic’s con tacts with key Bo snian Serb le a ders and a wit ness who ex pla i neda re port re gar ding sta ti sti cal analysis of the chan ge in de mo grap hics in the Bal kans re -gion. Thro ugh ex ten si ve sur veys and analysis of vo ting re cords, the re port sho wed howthe com po si ti ons of dif fe rent re gi ons of the Bal kans ra di cally chan ged from mi xed et hnicde mo grap hics to ho mo ge no us and se pa ra te et hnic po pu la ti ons thro ug ho ut the du ra tion ofthe war. The trends we re con si stent thro ug ho ut the bor der re gi ons.

The He alth of the Ac cu sed 5. (C) Mi lo se vic’s he alth con ti nu es to be a per va si ve pre sen ce in the pro ce e dings.

One Pro se cu tion te am mem ber told Em bassy le gal of fi cers that, du ring the mor ning bre -ak on Tu es day, the first day back in trial af ter a two-we ek su spen sion, a spot-check sho -wed that Mi lo se vic’s blood pres su re had spi ked to 160/110. Af ter doc tors con clu ded thatMi lo se vic co uld no net he less con clu de the day’s pro ce e dings, the trial con ti nued in ses -sion and Mi lo se vic com ple ted his cross-exa mi na ti on of the wit ness that day. The Ac cu -sed, who lo o ked fa ti gued on Tu es day, lo o ked much bet ter on Wed nes day and Thur sdayin co urt.

6. (U) Be a ring the he alth con cerns in mind, the Trial Cham ber, on Oc to ber 6, or de -red that the ro le of the Ami ci Cu ri ae be ex ten ded to in clu de re ce i ving “com mu ni ca ti onsas the Ac cu sed may ma ke to them and to act in any way to pro tect and furt her the in te -rests of his De fen ce.” The Cham ber is sued the or der in light of “the re cur ring me di calcon di tion of the Ac cu sed sin ce 18 March 2002; and, the de si ra bi lity of the Ami ci Cu ri aegi ving gre a ter as si stan ce to the Ac cu sed.”

7. (C) Me an whi le, as the trial cham ber im ple men ted its new he a ring sche du le andthe he alth is su es re main a key con cern for all par ti es to the trial, mem bers of the Pro se -cu tion te am are at a very pre li mi nary pha se of con tem pla ting whet her they co uld rest the -ir ca se even be fo re using up the ir re ma i ning 43 trial days. Whi le they as sert that all of the -ir re ma i ning wit nes ses are cri ti cal, so me pro se cu tors are con cer ned that the trial co uld bein de fi ni tely post po ned due to the ac cu sed’s he alth, or even cut short by his de ath, le a vingthe Pro se cu tion una ble to pre sent key evi den ce. One pro blem, a pro se cu tor said, was thata pre ma tu re con clu sion of the ca se wo uld prec lu de the ami ci, for exam ple, from fi ling theequ i va lent of a “sum mary jud gment” mo tion un der Ru le 98 bis of the Tri bu nal Ru les ofPro ce du re and Evi den ce. Pro se cu tion mem bers be li e ve that the trial cham ber wo uld re -spond to such a mo tion by ru ling that the Pro se cu tion had pre sen ted suf fi ci ent evi den ce“to su stain a con vic tion” (in the words of Ru le 98 bis) on many, if not all, of the co untsaga inst Mi lo se vic. But if Mi lo se vic we re to be in ca pa ci ta ted be fo re the Pro se cu tion restsits ca se, no Ru le 98 bis mo tion wo uld be pre sen ted to the cham ber, and the trial co uldthus be left in lim bo wit ho ut even a mo di cum of fi na lity.32

Trial Ef fi ci ency 8. (SBU) Pri or to the te sti mony of Ge ne ral Smith, the Trial Cham ber he ard ar gu -

ments re gar ding the sub mis sion of Smith’s writ ten sta te ment – as op po sed to ac tual di -rect exa mi na ti on – as evi den ce-in-chi ef. Un der last we ek’s Ap pe als Cham bers ru ling (refA), Ru le 89(F) pro vi des for the ad mis sion of writ ten sta te ments when in the “in te rest ofju sti ce.” Mi lo se vic ar gued vi go ro usly, and fa irly lo gi cally, aga inst the sub mis sion of writ -ten evi den ce in this ca se. He re fer red to the “al le ged evi den ce” in wri ting as “pi les andpi les” of pa per that the pro se cu tion wants to slip in in stead of ha ving oral te sti mony. TheAc cu sed ar gued that the ir was no pos si ble way that he co uld re vi ew the do cu ments sub -mit ted by the Pro se cu tion. He sta ted that one co uld di sclo se to the co urt “the exi sten ce ofthe Con gress Li brary” but that wo uld not im pro ve his abi lity to re vi ew every do cu mentthat it con ta ins. He al so ar gued that whi le oral te sti mony can be he ard by all in open ses -sion, the pu blic has no ac cess to the se writ ten sta te ments.

9. (SBU) Lead Pro se cu tor Ni ce ar gued that the pri mary me ans of fin ding di scre pan -ci es in te sti mony oc curs du ring the cross exa mi na ti on, not du ring the di rect. Furt her mo -re, Ni ce ar gued that be ca u se the re is no jury, the pro fes si o nal jud ges of the Cham ber caneasily deal with writ ten sta te ments as evi den ce in li eu of oral te sti mony. Ni ce con ti nuedthat it was in the in te rest of ju sti ce that as much evi den ce and ma te rial be pre sen ted to theco urt as pos si ble. The Cham ber ru led in this in stan ce that the writ ten sta te ment wo uld bead mit ted as evi den ce-in-chi ef; ho we ver, con si stent with the Ap pe als Cham ber’s de ci sion,any ma te rial go ing to the pro of of the acts or con duct of the ac cu sed must be ad du cedorally in di rect exa mi na ti on.

10. (C) Fi nally, in a re cog ni tion of the dwin dling num ber of pro se cu tion trial days,the Cham ber al so or de red the Pro se cu tion to sub mit to the co urt a fi na li zed wit ness listwit hin 21 days. Re la tedly, the Pro se cu tion in ten ded to fi le on Fri day, Oc to ber 10, its mo -tion for pro tec ti ve me a su res for the te sti mony of Ge ne ral Clark (ref b). The Pro se cu tionis con si de ring whet her the te sti mony of ot her USG wit nes ses – in clu ding Ric hard Hol -bro o ke – sho uld be so ught.

11. (C) Com ment: The we ek of pro ce e dings was, in many re spects, a con ti nu a tionof re cent the mes. As it hap pe ned, Mi lo se vic sho wed the abi lity to per se ve re thro ugh thetrial af ter two we eks off for he alth re a sons, a mi nor vic tory in it self. Mo re o ver, he de mon -stra ted a cer tain en ga ge ment in the pro ce e dings – for exam ple, in his cross-exa mi na ti onof Ge ne ral Smith and his ar gu ments aga inst the in tro duc tion of Smith’s sta te ment in li euof oral evi den ce. Still, the bac kgro und no i se of the trial – the he alth con cerns and the trialcham ber’s ef forts to ma in tain a ba sic fa ir ness to the pro ce e dings – con ti nu es to en ga gethe cham bers as much as the pro se cu tion’s ca se it self. Un til Mi lo se vic’s he alth is seen tobe sta bi li zing, that pat tern is li kely to hold. End com ment.

So bel

XRe fe ren ce id: 03THE HA GUE2769Su bject: Icty: Key Wit nes ses Te stify To Mi lo se vic’s Con trol Of Go vern ment And

Mi li taryOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Tue, 4 Nov 2003 00:00 UTC

33

Clas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2003/11/03THE HA GUE2769.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Con fi den tialSIP DIS DE PART MENT FOR S/WCI – PRO SPER/RIC HARD, EUR – ROS SIN,

EUR/SCE – STEP HENS/GRE GO RIAN, L/EUR – LAH NE, L/AF – GTAFT. INR/WCAD – SE I DEN STRIC KER/MO RIN; USUN FOR RO STOW/WIL LSON E.O.12958: DECL: 1.6 FI VE YEARS AF TER CLO SU RE ICTY

Tags: BK [Bo snia and Her ze go vi na], HR [Cro a ti a], KAWC [A tro ci ti es and War Cri -mes], NL [Net her lands], PHUM [Hu man Rights], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons],SR [Ser bi a], ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a]

Clas si fied by Clif ton M. Johnson, Le gal Co un se lor, for re a sons 1.5(D) and 1.6.

1. (C) Sum mary: Trial Cham ber III of the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for theFor mer Yugo sla via (ICTY) he ard te sti mony from po li ti cal in si ders the we ek of Oc to ber20 as the Pro se cu tion con ti nued to pre sent its ca se aga inst Slo bo dan Mi lo se vic. Two keywit nes ses of fe red the ir ver si ons of the ro le Mi lo se vic played in the bre ak up of the For -mer Yugo sla via, par ti cu larly with re spect to Bel gra de’s sup port for mi li tary and pa ra mi -li tary for ces ope ra ting in Cro a tia and Bo snia. Whi le the te sti mony was ge ne rally strong,Mi lo se vic suc ce e ded in ma king se ve ral as ser ti ons du ring cross-exa mi na ti ons that un der -mi ned parts of the te sti mony. The we ek of Oc to ber 27 was hig hlig hted by the ap pe a ran -ce of De puty Pro se cu tor Gra ham Ble witt as a wit ness. Mi lo se vic to ok the ra re op por tu -nity to con front a se ni or mem ber of the Of fi ce of the Pro se cu tor (OTP) to chal len ge thele gi ti macy of the co urt, ac cu se the OTP of bi as and se lec ti ve pro se cu tion, bla me NA TObom bings for cri mes, and ma ke va gue al le ga ti ons con cer ning Ko so var ter ro rism and binLa den. Se pa ra tely, the trial cham ber gran ted in full the pro tec ti ve me a su res so ught withre spect to Ge ne ral Clark’s te sti mony, ac cep ting each of the USG’s con di ti ons for such te -sti mony. Clark now ap pe ars li kely to te stify in De cem ber. End sum mary.

We ek of Oc to ber 21-23 2. (SBU) On Oc to ber 21, the trial cham ber he ard from Ga jic Gli sic, Chi ef of Staff

for Ser bian de fen se mi ni ster Ge ne ral To mi slav Si mo vic in 1991. She so ught to link Mi -lo se vic to pa ra mi li ta ri es, esta blish his in flu en ce over the Pe o ple’s Army of Yugo sla via(JNA), and show his ef forts to cre a te a Ser bian Army. Early in her te sti mony, the wit nesspu blicly than ked “Co mra de Mi lo se vic” for sa ving her li fe. She as ser ted that her li fe wasin dan ger af ter Ge ne ral Si mo vic was “for ced” out of the go vern ment, but that Mi lo se vicin ter ve ned on her be half to pre vent her “li qu i da ti on.” She then pro ce e ded to pro vi de a de -ta i led ac co unt of in ter ac ti ons bet we en Ge ne ral Si mo vic and Mi lo se vic. She spo ke of howno one ever di sa greed with Mi lo se vic, le a ving the Mi ni ster of De fen se, in ter alia, wit ho -ut any real po wer. Her te sti mony al so lin ked Mi lo se vic to pa ra mi li tary gro ups by sho -34

wing that he pro vi ded them equ ip ment and tra i ning. She al so te sti fied that he sup por tedthem mi li ta rily thro ugh JNA ope ra ti ons. She said she was cer tain that Mi lo se vic knew ofthe war cri mes that we re be ing com mit ted by the pa ra mi li tary gro ups. Spe ci fi cally, shere co un ted how Mi lo se vic or de red the JNA to pro vi de air sup port to pa ra mi li tary com -man der Ar kan when his for ces we re pin ned down in Cro a tia. Gli sic al so te sti fied that Mi -lo se vic as sig ned Ge ne ral Si mo vic the task of draf ting a “sec ret” le gi sla ti ve bill that wo -uld cre a te a “Ser bian Army,” which wo uld re pla ce the JNA. The se ef forts we re even tu -ally thwar ted and Ge ne ral Si mo vic was re mo ved from of fi ce in De cem ber 1991.

3. (C) On Oc to ber 22, Mi lo se vic adro itly cross-exa mi ned Gli sic. Thro ugh his qu e -sti o ning, the Ac cu sed drew a dis tin ction bet we en the “vo lun te ers” who sig ned up withthe “Ter ri to rial De fen se” units un der the JNA ver sus the pa ra mi li tary gro ups. She te sti -fied that the Mi ni ster of De fen se only pro cu red equ ip ment and ga ve tra i ning to vo lun te -ers for the “Ter ri to rial De fen se” units. She did, ho we ver, again link Mi lo se vic with pa ra -mi li tary com man ders Ar kan and Cap tain Dra gan. The Ac cu sed was in unu su ally goodhu mor, smi ling on oc ca sion and at one po int jo king when the wit ness of fe red to gi ve hima ma nu script of her bo ok. He no ted that it is “good to ac cu mu la te as much pa per as pos -si ble, thank you.”

4. (SBU) On Oc to ber 23, the Pro se cu tion cal led An te Mar ko vic, Yugo sla via’s for -mer pri me mi ni ster. His te sti mony so ught to gi ve the trial cham ber in sight in to Yugo sla -via’s go vern ment and the ro le Mi lo se vic played on the eve of war. The wit ness did notma ke eye con tact with Mi lo se vic and ne ver fa ced the de fen dant di rectly. The wit ness as -ser ted that he was even tu ally po li ti cally iso la ted af ter his at tempts at fe de ral re form we rethwar ted. He re sig ned in De cem ber 1991. Mar ko vic sta ted that thro ug ho ut 1991 the fe -de ral go vern ment’s po wer was slowly ero ded by Mi lo se vic and ot her na ti o na list le a ders.He te sti fied that the re forms he pro po sed fa i led in no small part be ca u se of the ac ti ons ofMi lo se vic.

5. (SBU) Mar ko vic ex pla i ned how Mi lo se vic wo uld ro u ti nely say that he sup por tedthe fe de ral go vern ment of Yugo sla via, yet all of his ac ti ons so ught to un der mi ne it. Mar -ko vic said that Mi lo se vic was “ob vi o usly fig hting for Gre a ter Ser bia,” tho ugh he al so“used everything he co uld to en su re po wer for him self “ if that was na ti o na lism, then heused na ti o na lism. But he was not a na ti o na list. He was so me o ne who used anything athis dis po sal to se cu re po wer for him self.” Mar ko vic al so te sti fied abo ut how he con fron -ted both Mi lo se vic and Tudjman abo ut a sec ret deal to di vi de Bo snia and Her ze go vi nabet we en Ser bia and Cro a tia. He sta ted that both of them even tu ally ad mit ted to this plan.

6. (SBU) Mar ko vic’s te sti mony ga ve furt her sub stan ce to the Pro se cu tion’s ar gu -ment that Mi lo se vic had com ple te con trol over the go vern ment and mi li tary. He ex pla i -ned how no one un der Mi lo se vic ever went aga inst him and stayed in po wer. Ho we ver,when Jud ge May asked for con cre te exam ples of this, the wit ness did not ha ve a com pel -ling an swer. Mar ko vic went on to ex pla in that Mi lo se vic was al so re spon si ble for the mo -bi li za tion of the JNA in Slo ve nia and its mo ve ment in to Bo snia and Her ze go vi na. He di -scus sed how the Pre si dency had not aut ho ri zed the mi li tary in ter ven tion, but that Mi lo -se vic had con trol over the army. Lead Pro se cu tor Ge of frey Ni ce al so pre sen ted a re cor -ded in ter cept for Mar ko vic to aut hen ti ca te which sho wed Mi lo se vic and Ka rad zic di scus -sing de ta ils of mi li tary mo bi li za tion.

7. (C) Mi lo se vic be gan his cross-exa mi na ti on of Mar ko vic on the sa me day, alt ho -ugh ti me con stra ints led to an ab bre vi a ted exa mi na ti on. Mi lo se vic, com po sed du ring the

35

qu e sti o ning, pro vo ked Mar ko vic in to emo ti o nal re spon ses. At two dif fe rent po ints, Mar -ko vic asked Jud ge May, “who is on trial, me or the Ac cu sed?” Jud ge May ex pla i ned tothe wit ness that the Mi lo se vic was fa cing se ri o us char ges and had a right to pre sent hisca se. Be fo re the cross-exa mi na ti on adjo ur ned, Mi lo se vic so ught to esta blish that Mar ko -vic, not him self, had the le gal and ac tual po wer over the army. Mi lo se vic at temp ted toshow that Mar ko vic was head of sta te and the reby had con trol and was thus re spon si blefor the mo bi li za tion of the JNA in Slo ve nia. The wit ness re fu ted such con clu si ons sayingthat in ac tu a lity the fe de ral go vern ment had no po wer and that, as pri me mi ni ster, he hadno aut ho rity to aut ho ri ze the mi li tary in ter ven ti ons.

8. (SBU) At one po int, Mi lo se vic pro du ced a do cu men tary re vi ew of the fe de ralexe cu ti ve agen da for 1991 pro vi ding de ta ils of Mar ko vic’s sche du le, which Mar ko vicaut hen ti ca ted. Mi lo se vic said that the do cu ment ca me from the fe de ral re cords ar chi ve inBel gra de and then sar do ni cally no ted that the en tri es for De cem ber we re rat her short. Ni -ce then no ted that the ar chi ves are clo sed to the Pro se cu tion and won de red out loud howsuch do cu ments we re ava i la ble for the Ac cu sed. Ni ce la ter re qu e sted that the co urt re tainthe ori gi nal, aga inst the wis hes of the Ac cu sed, and al so asked how Mi lo se vic re ce i vedthis do cu ment. The co urt de ci de to re tain the ori gi nal and to pro vi de co pi es to the par ti -es. Mi lo se vic la ter re fer red to a tran script of a pho ne con ver sa tion bet we en Mar ko vic andUni ted Sta tes Sec re tary of Sta te Ja mes Ba ker III, in which Ba ker was al le ged to ha ve sta -ted that the Ser bian Sec re tary of De fen se, which re ports to the fe de ral go vern ment, con -trols the army. The cross-exa mi na ti on was then adjo ur ned and will con ti nue at a la ter da te.

We ek of Oc to ber 28-30 9. (SBU) On Oc to ber 28, the trial cham ber he ard te sti mony from two wit nes ses.

Mic hel Re vi e re, a jo ur na list, pro vi ded the cham ber with vi deo fo o ta ge that he and his ca -me ra man to ok of the Whi te Eagles, a Serb pa ra mi li tary gro up. Re vi e re te sti fied to hiscon ver sa tion with two Ser bian pa ra mi li tary sol di ers who ap pro ac hed him in a caf in Pa -le and pro ce e ded to ex pla in the ir ex plo its and met hods. The sol di ers ex pla i ned that theywe re not paid, but we re aut ho ri zed to lo ot and pro cu re the ir own we a pons and equ ip ment.The two sol di ers then in vi ted the jo ur na list to the ir he a dqu ar ters. The vi deo sho wed thepa ra mi li tary gro up pre pa ring for a mis sion, and then the jo ur na list was al lo wed to goalong with the pa ra mi li tary gro up as they tra ve led up to a sni per po si tion in the he ightsaro und Sa ra je vo. Sho o ting from both si des co uld be he ard in the vi deo clip, but no ac tualsni per ac ti vity was re cor ded. The jo ur na list tra ve led back up to the sni per po si tion thenext day to get bet ter fo o ta ge.

10. (SBU) The se cond wit ness on Oc to ber 28, a Bo snian Mu slim ci ti zen of Sa ra je -vo iden ti fied only as B-1345, te sti fied to his ex pe ri en ce thro ug ho ut the si e ge of Sa ra je vo.The wit ness told the co urt how his wi fe and fat her we re shot dead and his mot her shot inthe leg by sni per fi re. Mi lo se vic, du ring his cross-exa mi na ti on, said that the re was “no si -e ge of any kind,” and that this was all the “con se qu en ce of a ci vil war.” Mi lo se vic al sotried to qu e sti on the wit ness re gar ding the shel ling of the Mar ka le Mar ket on Fe bru ary 5,1994, sin ce the wit ness had he ard ar til lery fi re ne ar the Serb front li nes on that day. Heasked him whet her he had he ard of the Uni ted Na ti ons Pro tec tion For ce (UN PRO FOR)re port that con clu ded that the re was no way of tel ling who had fi red the shell. Jud ge Maystop ped Mi lo se vic’s li ne of qu e sti o ning, sin ce the wit ness wo uld ha ve no way of kno -wing abo ut the re port or its con clu si ons. Mi lo se vic con ti nued to ask qu e sti ons to whichthe wit ness co uld not pos si ble know the an swer. 36

11. (SBU) On Oc to ber 29, the trial cham ber he ard from a cri me-ba sed wit ness, Ja -sna De no na, who te sti fied to a sho o ting that oc cur red in 1991 le a ving a gro up of Cro a ti -ans and one Ser bian dead. The in ci dent was in ve sti ga ted in 1995, but no char ges we rebro ught. Ms. De no na was shot twi ce as she at temp ted to run from the ho u se af ter the as -sa i lants had ope ned fi re. Mi lo se vic tried to show that this was the act of a sin gle cri mi nalrat her than an et hni cally mo ti va ted cri me com mit ted by a gro up of sol di ers. The se condwit ness to te stify, a de ta i nee in a Ser bian camp in Zvor nik iden ti fied as B-1780, de scri -bed how the sol di ers tor tu red, mu ti la ted and kil led the pri so ners. He told the co urt thathad the scars that show the atro ci ti es that we re com mit ted du ring his de ten tion. He pla -ced Ar kan’s men, among ot hers, who be at and tor tu red the de ta i ne es. The wit ness wenton to ex pla in to the co urt the gru e so me events that tran spi red whi le he was in the camp.He te sti fied that la ter he was ta ken to the ho spi tal, whe re he re ce i ved no mi nal tre at mentfor his bro ken ribs and arm. He told the co urt how he fled the ho spi tal for fe ar that he wo -uld be ta ken out and exe cu ted. Mi lo se vic tried to show that the wit ness was ac ti ve in po -li tics and lo cal pa ra mi li ta ri es, but much of this cross-exa mi na ti on to ok pla ce in clo sedses sion.

Ble witt Ta kes the Stand as a Wit ness 12. (SBU) On Oc to ber 30, the trial cham ber he ard from the De puty Pro se cu tor, Gra -

ham Ble witt. He te sti fied to the con tents of a se ri es of let ters writ ten in 1998 from the Of -fi ce of the Pro se cu tor (OTP) to then-Pre si dent Mi lo se vic and to the Se cu rity Co un cil re -gar ding the in ve sti ga ti ons in to war cri mes in Ko so vo. The let ters ad dres sed the se ri o usdif fi cul ti es the OTP was fa cing in the in ve sti ga ti ons gi ven the non-co o pe ra ti ve po si tionthat Ser bia was ta king at the ti me. Mi lo se vic used the ra re op por tu nity to cross-exa mi nea se ni or mem ber of the OTP as an op por tu nity to qu e sti on the ob jec ti vity of the pro se cu -tion in ge ne ral and to hig hlight the al le ged bi as bet we en the in ve sti ga ti ons of war cri mescom mit ted by the Ser bian go vern ment ver sus the in ve sti ga ti ons of NA TO bom bing. Jud -ge May re pe a tedly chec ked Mi lo se vic and ex pla i ned to him that the ob jec ti vity and cre -di bi lity of the Pro se cu tion’s ef forts was not a re le vant su bject mat ter for this wit ness. Ble -witt re min ded Mi lo se vic that the OTP had in deed lo o ked in to qu e sti ons as so ci a ted withthe NA TO bom bing and de ci ded, on le gal and fac tual gro unds, not to pur sue such an in -ve sti ga tion. Jud ge May held that only the con tents of the let ters we re open to qu e sti o ningfor this wit ness. Mi lo se vic con ti nued to ask rhe to ri cal qu e sti ons, re pe a tedly re fer red to are port on NA TO bom bing, and qu e sti o ned the cre di bi lity of the pro se cu tion in ge ne ral.He at temp ted to link NA TO bom bing with sup por ting and pro tec ting Ko so var ter ro rism.

13. (SBU) When Jud ge May re pe a tedly stop ped his li ne of qu e sti o ning, Mi lo se vicsaid it was no sur pri se that Jud ge May was sen si ti ve abo ut ad dres sing the NA TO bom -bing is sue. At this, Jud ge May told Mi lo se vic that his sta te ment was en ti rely inap pro pri -a te and asked him whet her he had any re le vant qu e sti ons for the wit ness, ot her wi se theco urt wo uld adjo urn. Mi lo se vic re spon ded that ap pa rently all of his qu e sti ons whe re im -pro per and that this trial was a far ce, sin ce the Jud ge so ught to dic ta te to the de fen se whatqu e sti ons they are al lo wed to ask. He went on furt her to say that li mi ting his qu e sti ons tothe let ters ser ves as a smo ke screen which masks the cri mes com mit ted by NA TO andthe link to Osa ma Bin La den’s ter ro rist ac ti vity. Mi lo se vic at temp ted to draw a chain ofevents lin king Ko so var Al ba nian ter ro rism to the Clin ton Ad mi ni stra tion which led toNA TO bom bings. Mi lo se vic al so qu e sti o ned the le gal ba sis of the Tri bu nal’s com pe tency.

37

He asked Ble witt, as an in ter na ti o nal lawyer, how the Tri bu nal co uld ha ve ju ris dic tion gi -ven that the Ser bian Sta te was lo o king in to the cri mes. Mi lo se vic al so chal len ged the le -gi ti macy of the ca se aga inst him, sin ce the pro se cu tion in dic ted him af ter only in ve sti ga -tion the ca se for 3-4 months. Ble witt re spon ded that they in dic ted Mi lo se vic only af terthey had con struc ted a ca se that had eno ugh evi den ce aga inst him to sup port the char ges.Jud ge May had to con ti nue to in ter rupt Mi lo se vic’s overly broad li ne of qu e sti o ning andeven tu ally adjo ur ned the he a ring.

Mo tion Gran ted for Clark’s Te sti mony 14. (C) On Oc to ber 30, the trial cham ber gran ted the pro se cu ti ons mo tion for pro -

tec ti ons for Ge ne ral Clark’s te sti mony. The or der, which is pre sently un der seal, has beense cu re fa xed to the De part ment. It in di ca tes that the trial cham ber ac cep ted the mo tionwit ho ut mo di fi ca tion or ca ve at and met the con di ti ons of the Uni ted Sta tes in the ir en ti -rety. Em bassy le gal of fi cers are co or di na ting with Clark’s staff to lock in a da te for his te -sti mony. Clark has con fir med that he is ready to te stify in De cem ber.

Com ment 15. (C) The te sti mony over the past two we eks hig hlig hted se ve ral in te re sting fe a -

tu res of the cur rent sta ge of the trial. For one, the Pro se cu tion has at trac ted sig ni fi cant in -si ders with ap pa rent cre di bi lity to gi ve evi den ce of Mi lo se vic’s con trol over key sec torsof the fe de ral and sta te mi li tary ap pa ra tus. Em bassy le gal of fi cers un der stand that the Pro -se cu tion has furt her in si ders wa i ting to te stify. At the sa me ti me, Mi lo se vic – who se e -med he alt hi er and mo re vi go ro us and fo cu sed than in re cent we eks – con ti nued to de -mon stra te the physi cal and men tal sta mi na to cross exa mi ne wit nes ses ef fec ti vely. Equ -ally im por tantly, he de mon stra ted that he re ta ins ac cess to Bel gra de ar chi val ma te rial tosup port his de fen se. Ni ce cor rectly no ted that Mi lo se vic’s ac cess fli es in the fa ce of Bel -gra de’s con ti nued re fu sal to pro vi de the Pro se cu tion with the ac cess it ne eds to pro se cu -te fully the ca se. Whi le such ar gu ments may help de mon stra te SAM non co o pe ra tion,they do not un der cut the uti lity of such do cu ments, at le ast when aut hen ti ca ted as ge nu i -ne, to Mi lo se vic. Mi lo se vic’s cross-exa mi na ti on of Ble witt was in many re spects a re playof Mi lo se vic’s ap pro ach at the early sta ges of the trial, fe a tu ring swe e ping chal len ges ran -ging from the le gi ti macy of the co urt to the fa ir ness of the pro se cu tion to the cul pa bi lityof the Ko so vars and the in ter na ti o nal com mu nity. Whi le the se ar gu ments ha ve lit tle le galre le van ce, they ser ve as a re min der that Mi lo se vic is pre pa red to mo unt as much a po li -ti cal de fen se as a le gal one. End Com ment.

So bel

XIRe fe ren ce id: 03THE HA GUE2835Su bject: Icty: An In si de Lo ok In to Mi lo se vic’s He alth And Sup port Net workOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Wed, 12 Nov 2003 16:26 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec ret//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2003/11/03THE HA GUE2835.html

38

Hi story: First pu blis hed on Fri, 21 Jan 2011 20:36 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on Thu,1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTC (diff from ori gi nal) Mo di fied on Thu, 8 Sep 2011 13:29 UTC(diff from ori gi nal)

Me dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Sec ret SIP DIS NO FORN DE PART MENT FOR S/WCI – PRO SPER/RIC HARD, EUR/SCE –

GRE GO RIAN/MITCHELL, L/EUR – LAH NE, INR/WCAD – SE I DEN STRIC -KER/MO RIN E.O. 12958: DECL: 1.6 FI VE YEARS AF TER CLO SU RE OF ICTY

Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PHUM [Hu man Rights], BK [Bo sniaand Her ze go vi na], HR [Cro a ti a], SR [Ser bi a], NL [Net her lands], ICTY [In ter na ti o nalCri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a]

Ref: THE HA GUE 2568 Clas si fied By: Le gal Co un se lor Clif ton M. Johnson per re a sons 1.5(b)-(d )

1. (S/NF) Sum mary: The head of the de ten tion unit of the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri -bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla via (ICTY) pro vi ded Em bassy le gal of fi cers and USG physi -cian with de ta ils of Slo bo dan Mi lo se vic’s he alth sta tus, daily re gi men, le gal and fi nan cialnet work, fra me of mind, and con tacts out si de the Tri bu nal. Among many re ve a ling de ta -ils, this of fi cial – who se es and spe aks with Mi lo se vic mo re re gu larly and clo sely than ne -arly anybody el se – pro vi ded in for ma tion in di ca ting that Mi lo se vic’s he art con di tion,whi le ma na ge a ble on a day-to-day ba sis, is se ri o us and not re a dily con trol led by me di ca -tion. At the sa me ti me the of fi cial di sco un ted re ports that Mi lo se vic suf fers from di a be -tes or, at le ast at pre sent, de pres sion. The of fi cial de scri bed a con fi dent, en ga ged Mi lo se -vic who with his wi fe’s as si stan ce ably ma na ges a web of le gal and po li ti cal con tacts.Thro ugh his Bel gra de le gal advi sers that ro ta te thro ugh the Ha gue he exer ci ses con trolover So cial Party of Ser bia (SPS) ac ti vi ti es and co or di na tes le gal stra tegy with the ami cicu ri ae, fri ends of the co urt. Me an whi le, the ac cu sed’s fi nan cial si tu a tion is pre ca ri o us, ne -ces si ta ting a re cent hat-pas sing exer ci se by the SPS in or der to ge ne ra te funds to pay ho -u se hold staff and the tra vel of his lawyers. End Sum mary.

2. (S/NF) Tim McFad den an ex pe ri en ced Irish pri son war den and head of theICTY‘s de ten tion fa ci lity in Sche ve nin gen, pro vi ded em bassy le gal of fi cers and USGphysi cian an un pre ce den ted over vi ew of Slo bo dan Mi lo se vic’s li fe and ac ti vi ti es sin ceco ming to trail. McFad den, whom one ICTY Re gi stry of fi cial de scri bed as “the best ofthe best,” is in a uni que po si tion not only to de scri be Mi lo se vic’s de ten tion, as he se es thede fen dant and in ter acts with him on a daily ba sis, but al so to as sess him on a re la ti ve ba -sis to ot her ICTY de ta i ne es. Mo re o ver, McFad den is privy to the con tents of Mi lo se vic’smo ni to red te lep ho ne con ver sa ti ons and vi sits as well as the re ports of the physi ci ans thatha ve exa mi ned him. McFad den has had long ex pe ri en ce in ma na ging to ugh pri so ners, ashe ma na ged a num ber of UK pri sons hol ding Irish Re pu bli can Army de ta i ne es; anot herRe gi stry of fi cial de scri bed ICTY de ta i ne es as “pussycats” com pa red to McFad den char -ges in the UK. Thro ug ho ut the one-ho ur di scus sion, McFad den ga ve the im pres sion of

39

be ing fully and per so nally awa re of all of the de ta ils of Mi lo se vic’s de ten tion, tho ugh heno ted that Mi lo se vic re ma ins a pri va te man who do es not ge ne rally sha re his tho ughts.

As so ci a tes and Fra me of Mind 3. (S/NF) McFad den firmly re jec ted re ports that Mi lo se vic was suf fe ring from de -

pres sion no ting that the ac cu sed has gi ven “no in di ca tion that he wo uld be anything butde fi ant to the pro cess” of his pro se cu tion and that he de mon stra tes only a “li mi ted in cli -na tion to ward de pres sion.” He no ted that Mi lo se vic’s ina bi lity to see his son, da ug hter,da ug hter-in-law, wi fe and grand son, espe ci ally the lat ter two, ca u ses him sub stan tial un -hap pi ness. On the ot her hand, McFad den said that Mi lo se vic “has a job that dis tracts andpre oc cu pi es so that he is not ap pa rently in cli ned to de pres sion.” He calls his wi fe, Mir ja -na Mar ko vic, every mor ning, con ti nu ing what McFad den de scri bed as an “ex tra or di naryre la ti on ship”; Mi lo se vic co uld ma ni pu la te a na tion, he said, but strug gled to ma na ge hiswi fe who, on the con trary, se e med to exert just such a pull on him. McFad den re fer red toa broad ran ge of emo ti ons and ap pro ac hes that Mi ra Mar ko vic de ployed to goad or ca -jo le Mi lo se vic to ta ke par ti cu lar ac ti ons. When he fa i led to heed her advi ce, she was notbeyond tel ling him that bad out co mes co uld ha ve been avo i ded had he li ste ned to her.Mar ko vic ser ved as a so ur ce of in for ma tion, com fort, mo ti va tion, and stra tegy for Mi lo -se vic and he re lied he a vily on her gu i dan ce. When Mar ko vic pres sed Mi lo se vic to do so -met hing he did not want to do, Mi lo se vic ra rely pus hed back di rectly but simply ne verac ted on the par ti cu lar en tre aty. McFad den re fer red back to the re la ti on ship a num ber ofti mes in the di scus sion as the cen tral one in Mi lo se vic’s li fe. McFad den ma de cle ar thatMi lo se vic’s blood pres su re spi ke in Sep tem ber (ref) ca u sed se ri o us alarm at the Tri bu nal,dri ving re gi stry of fi cers to con si der ways in which to re du ce his stress and, as one con -tact had pre vi o usly said, “ma ke him happy.” McFad den even de scri bed his pro po sal thatthe Re gi stry find a way to bring Mar ko vic to The Ha gue from Rus sia with so me im mu -nity from ar rest (which the De puty Re gi strar no ted was not fe a si ble), be ca u se McFad denbe li e ved so strongly that get ting the two to get her co uld help ke ep down Mi lo se vic’s stressand per haps his blood pres su re. He ad ded, ho we ver, that even that was a risk be ca u se“she can be a very vo la ti le per son.”

4. (S/NF) In the ab sen ce of his wi fe, Mi lo se vic him self has had to co or di na te the va -ri o us gro ups pro vi ding him with le gal and ot her as si stan ce, pre vi o usly her do main. It ap -pe ars that her ab sen ce has left a sub stan tial ho le in his abi lity to or ga ni ze the va ri o us en -ti ti es pur por ting to as sist him. He tri es to ma in tain what McFad den cal led “fun cti o nalcon tacts” with the SPS and the Fre e dom (Slo bo da) As so ci a tion, but “the Bel gra de crowddo esn’t get on with the in ter na ti o nals,” a re la ti on ship that Mar ko vic used to ma na ge andco or di na te. Pre vi o usly, Mar ko vic wo uld ke ep him up to da te on wran gling wit hin theSPS and tell him who he ne e ded to call to patch up fe uds, sol ve con flicts, or pro vi de po -li ti cal gu i dan ce to. Me an whi le, Mi lo se vic’s fi nan cial po si tion has wor se ned con si de rablysin ce the spring (i.e., soon af ter the as sas si na tion of Zo ran Djin djic). Mi lo se vic fell fi vemonths in ar re ar in paying his Bel gra de ho u se hold staff and was una ble for a pe riod topay the air tic kets of his ro ta ting Bel gra de advi sers. Ul ti ma tely, the con di tion wor se nedto such a de gree that the SPS was for ced to “to pass the hat” to ra i se mo ney on his be -half. The Re gi stry be li e ves his fi nan cial pro blems will wor sen. In an in te re sting si de no -te, McFad den said that his Bel gra de con tacts or ga ni zed, and the Re gi stry con sen ted to,40

an eva lu a tion of Mi lo se vic’s me di cal re cords by a gro up of physi ci ans par tial to him. Thegro up con clu ded, fol lo wing the re vi ew abo ut 19 months ago, that his me di cal tre at ment(de scri bed be low) met the re qu i si te stan dard of ca re.

5. (S/NF) In the pro cess of di scus sing Mi lo se vic’s con tacts, McFad den il lu mi na tedthe na tu re of the re la ti on ship among the so-cal led le gal as so ci a tes (Serb lawyers who ha -ve no co ur tro om pri vi le ges but enjoy pri vi le ged com mu ni ca ti ons with the de fen dant), theami ci and Mi lo se vic. McFad den said that Mi lo se vic be li e ves that “he is sur ro un ded byfo ols” both in si de and out of the co ur tro om, tho ugh he ad ded in an asi de that this was apro blem of his own ma king, as he had sur ro un ded him self with “fo ols” thro ug ho ut hisca re er out of a fe ar of be ing chal len ged by mo re com pe tent and in tel li gent advi sors. Mi -lo se vic most re lis hes the op por tu nity to exa mi ne se ni or le vel wit nes ses of his le vel and isdis da in ful of the lo wer le vel of fi ci als and wit nes ses pa ra ded be fo re him by the pro se cu -tion. The two as so ci a tes who ha ve spent much of the trial in the trial cham ber’s pu blicgal lery (Zden ko To ma no vic and Dra go slav Og nja no vic) are, in McFad den’s vi ew, “mes -sen ger boys” to (un na med) as so ci a tes in Bel gra de. McFad den knew lit tle of Bran ko Ra -kic, the Bel gra de lawyer/law pro fes sor re cently ad ded as Mi lo se vic’s third le gal as so ci a -te, but his ini tial im pres sion was that he was con tri bu ting a mo re met ho di cal, “le gal andlo gi cal” ap pro ach to Mi lo se vic’s de fen se and cross-exa mi na ti on pre pa ra ti ons. As a re sult,McFad den ex pec ted Mi lo se vic’s or ga ni za tion of his de fen se to im pro ve.

6. (S/NF) In con trast to his co ur tro om dis dain of the ami ci, McFad den said that Mi -lo se vic is in fact “fond” of them. Mo re o ver, his pu blic dis tan cing of them ac tu ally masksthe fact that his le gal as so ci a tes re gu larly li a i se with the ami ci to di scuss and co or di na tede fen se stra tegy and qu e sti o ning of wit nes ses. (Com ment. Mi lo se vic’s adept and he re tounk nown co or di na tion with the ami ci is a stri king de mon stra tion of his abi li ti es and met -hods. By using his Bel gra de advi sers to li a i se with the ami ci in sec ret he is able to ma in -tain the op ti cally fa vo ra ble ap pe a ran ce of a sin gle man de fen ding him self aga inst an un -fa ir and po wer ful in ter na ti o nal pro cess. At the sa me ti me, he ta kes full advan ta ge of thele gal re so ur ces the ami ci of fer and en su res that key tec hni cal le gal po ints in his de fen seare co ve red so that he can fo cus on ten ding to the mo re po li ti cal aspects of his de fen se.The fact that se ni or pro se cu tors on the Mi lo se vic te am are wholly una wa re of this co o -pe ra tion (as we re we) un der sco res Mi lo se vic’s abi lity to work ef fec ti vely be hind the sce -nes, thro ugh third par ti es, and le a ve few fin ger prints. End com ment). The Re gi strar no -ted that, as help ful as the ami ci might be to Mi lo se vic now, he do es not ex pect the ami cito con ti nue in the ir cur rent ro le du ring the de fen se ca se. The ir de par tu re wo uld be a sig -ni fi cant blow to Mi lo se vic’s de fen se un less he fi nally de ci des to ac cept le gal co un sel oris at le ast able to be ef up his le gal sup port from Bel gra de.

Physi cal He alth7. (S/NF) McFad den no ted that Mi lo se vic’s me di cal re cords from the for mer Yugo -

sla via in di ca ted a long hi story of hyper ten sion (high blood pres su re) that was dif fi cult tocon trol espe ci ally when Mi lo se vic was stres sed or ex ces si vely fa ti gued. He said that du -ring the past sum mer a num ber of things hap pe ned that put Mi lo se vic un der in cre a sedstress and ca u sed ex ces si ve fa ti gue, in clu ding the bu ild up of stress from co urt ap pe a ran -ces and trial pre pa ra ti ons, his wi fe’s le gal pro blems that ca u sed her to flee to Rus sia, theneed for Mi lo se vic to gi ve in cre a sed ti me and at ten tion to dis pu tes and pro blems wit hinthe SPS Party (that wo uld ha ve for merly been han dled in part by his wi fe), fi nan cial dif -

41

fi cul ti es, and his gra dual loss of at ten tion from me dia. All of the se fac tors ap pe ar to ha vecon tri bu ted to the in cre a se in Mi lo se vic’s blood pres su re. Physi ci ans con si stently fo undMi lo se vic had a di a sto lic blood pres su re abo ve 120 mm mer cury (nor mal sho uld be be -low 90 mm mer cury). De spi te tre at ment with high do ses of six me di ca ti ons his bloodpres su re re ma i ned dan ge ro usly ele va ted un til the trial sche du le was re du ced to three daysa we ek. (No te. The only in for ma tion we ha ve abo ut his me di ca ti ons is that he was ne arthe ma xi mum do se of be ta bloc kers and was al so ta king a me di ca tion that has to be stop -ped in ter mit tently be ca u se of dan ge ro us si de ef fects. End no te). Mi lo se vic is now on fo -ur me di ca ti ons.

8. (S/NF) A re du ced trial sche du le had been re com men ded by Dutch physi ci ans (in -clu ding Dutch car di o lo gist, Dr. Paul Van Dykman) last year but was re jec ted by the Co -urt un til Mi lo se vic’s blood pres su re co uld not be con trol led with stan dard me di ca ti ons.His long hi story of hyper ten sion has ca u sed mild he art da ma ge (iden ti fied by Serb physi -ci ans be fo re he was ap pre hen ded and tran sfer red to The Ha gue) but physi ci ans ha ve seenno evi den ce of a he art at tack, stro ke, or kid ney da ma ge. Three exer ci se EKGs ha ve beennor mal and Mi lo se vic will con ti nue to ha ve an exer ci se EKG twi ce a year ac cor ding toMcFad den. The last hyper ten si ve epi so de en ded abo ut 6 we eks ago.

9. (S/NF) McFad den re ports that Mi lo se vic’s hyper ten si ve epi so des ha ve not cor re -la ted with adver se events at the trial or with the ap pe a ran ce of cer tain wit nes ses. They ha -ve seen no evi den ce that he is using his blood pres su re pro blems as an is sue to slow orot her wi se af fect the trial. Mo re o ver, Mil so e vic un der stands that he has po ten ti ally let halhe alth pro blems and is a com pli ant pa ti ent. The only two physi cian re com men da ti ons hehas re fu sed are (1) to ta ke se da ti ves re com men ded by his doc tors to lo wer his blood pres -su re and (2) to un der go in va si ve pro ce du res to lo ok for un derlying ca u ses of his hyper -ten sion and evi den ce of end or gan da ma ge in the brain. He is al lo wed to co ok for him -self, which li mits con trol of his di et, but he ne vert he less ap pe ars to be fol lo wing a salt re -stric ted di et.

10. (S/NF) In con trast to pre vi o us re ports that Mil so e vic has di a be tes, McFad densta ted that the re is no evi den ce in his me di cal re cords for this di ag no sis and all of hisblood su gars ha ve been nor mal. Mi lo se vic’s cho le ste rol and ot her li pids ha ve been nor -mal. His we ight has been sta ble sin ce he lost 12 po unds when he was first bro ught to TheHa gue. He has not been ob ser ved to smo ke much; in a re cent con ver sa tion with McFad -den, he cla i med not to ha ve smo ked in fo ur days and to ha ve no de si re to do so. His onlyre qu est, McFad den said, is for a glass of red wi ne, but al co hol is strictly for bid den in thede ten tion unit.

11. (S/NF) Mi lo se vic is said by McFad den to ha ve a ne arly pho to grap hic me mory,saying that he has “ne ver met a man with his me mory.” He said that a “very im por tant”de ta i nee, whom he wo uld not iden tify, war ned McFad den early in Mi lo se vic’s de ten tionthat Mi lo se vic has a very good me mory that wo uld “co me back to bi te”; with a la ugh,McFad den said it had. McFad den has seen no evi den ce of any de te ri o ra tion in Mi lo se -vic’s me mory or ot her men tal ca pa ci ti es. He re ma ins, McFad den said, as “nar cis si stic aper son” as when he ar ri ved in The Ha gue. On the ot her hand, un li ke ot her de ta i ne es whocon stantly com plain, Mi lo se vic is co o pe ra ti ve and al ways ac cepts McFad den’s de ci si ons,of ten re spon ding, “at le ast I asked.” In ge ne ral, mo re o ver, Mi lo se vic be li e ves strongly inhis own po wers and thinks that he is “win ning” in the co ur tro om, an at ti tu de that re in for -ces his cur rently sta ble he alth.42

Daily Re gi men and Pri son Ac ti vi ti es 12. (S/NF) Mi lo se vic’s ro u ti ne va ri es de pen ding on whet her co urt is in ses sion.

Thus, on the three days of co urt pro ce e dings per we ek, a typi cal day be gins aro und 0700with a wa ke-up call; af ter he gets ready, he calls his wi fe aro und 0730 and le a ves for co -urt by 0800. The co urt ses si ons run from 0900 to ap pro xi ma tely 1400, with two twentymi nu te bre aks. Af ter co urt, he re turns to the de ten tion cen ter, whe re he has a meal and isal lo wed one ho ur of out do or exer ci se (McFad den no ted that he will walk for a full ho ur,“sun, rain or hail”). Fol lo wing the ho ur of exer ci se, he me ets with le gal advi sors, re adsthe co urt tran scripts, and ot her wi se pre pa res for the next co urt ap pe a ran ce. In the eve ning,he will typi cally read a bo ok (he is an avid re a der, espe ci ally of “rub bish” and pot bo i lerthril lers li ke Gris ham, and he pre fers to read in the ori gi nal En glish). On days when he isnot in co urt, he may sle ep la ter, so me ti mes un til 0930 or 1000, ha ve ad di ti o nal exer ci seti me, at tend “cre a ti vity class,” vi sit with his le gal as so ci a tes, ha ve an af ter noon nap, li stento Si na tra discs, and per haps watch one of the DVD’s that a pri vi le ged vi si tor (i.e. mostli kely his Bel gra de lawyers) ha ve smug gled in to him.

13. (S/NF) Mi lo se vic has ac cess to a lap top com pu ter but is not al lo wed on the In -ter net and can not use E-mail. His ac cess to the out si de world is via pho ne calls or vi sits.He is al lo ca ted 75 euros per month for pho ne use, but can ma ke an un li mi ted num ber ofcalls beyond that as long as he pays for the calls – so met hing he has con si stently beenable to do. He is al lo wed an un li mi ted num ber of free calls to re cog ni zed le gal as so ci a -tes on a spe cial de ten tion unit pho ne. All of his pho ne calls and vi sits, ex cept tho se withthe re cog ni zed le gal as so ci a tes, are mo ni to red.

14. (S/NF) Wit hin the de ten tion com mu nity, Mi lo se vic is well li ked and re spec tedby ot her pri so ners. Many of them ta ke ca re to mo ni tor his he alth and en co u ra ge him towatch his own di et, McFad den said. He has re fu sed to see a psychi a trist in di vi du ally butdo es par ti ci pa te in the gro up ses si ons with the ot her pri so ners on his flo or, which are mo -ni to red by the de ten tion unit. The psychi a trist who con ducts the se ses si ons tells McFad -den that she has seen no evi den ce that he is de pres sed or has any ot her sig ni fi cant cli ni -cal pro blem.

15. (S/NF) Com ment: Slo bo dan Mi lo se vic’s he alth su rely puts him, in McFad -den’s words, at “hig her risk of ac ci dent” than si mi larly si tu a ted per sons of his age whodo not suf fer hyper ten sion. Yet his he alth se ems to ha ve sta bi li zed for the ti me be ing,par ti cu larly sin ce the trial cham ber’s de ci sion to go to three days per we ek. Whet herMi lo se vic can ma in tain such a sche du le will be te sted when the de fen se ca se be gins(per haps not be fo re Sep tem ber 2004). So me in the Re gi stry and in the Of fi ce of thePro se cu tor spe cu la te that the co ur tro om sche du le will be furt her re du ced to one day awe ek in or der to al low Mi lo se vic two days of de fen se pre pa ra tion and, as the doc torsha ve or de red, fo ur days of rest. The end of the trial se ems ever mo re dis tant when putin this light. Even with his he alth sta bi li zed, the im pact of the mo ve to the de fen se pha -se will ca u se furt her pres su res of a fi nan cial and le gal na tu re which co uld in turn trig -ger a dow nturn in his he alth. For now, ho we ver, Mi lo se vic re ma ins com for tably on topof his ga me. End com ment.

So bel43

XIIRe fe ren ce id: 03THE HA GUE2867Su bject: Icty: Lord Owen’s Te sti mony A Mi xed Bag For Pro se cu tion’s Ca se Aga -

inst Mi lo se vicOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 14 Nov 2003 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2003/11/03THE HA GUE2867.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Con fi den tialSIP DISDE PART MENT FOR S/WCI – PRO SPER/RIC HARD, EUR – ROS SIN,

EUR/SCE – STEP HENS/GRE GO RIAN, L/EUR – LAH NE, L/AF – GTAFT.INR/WCAD – SE I DEN STRIC KER/MO RIN E.O. 12958: DECL: 1.6 FI VE YEARSAF TER CLO SU RE ICTY


Ref: THE HA GUE 2835 Clas si fied By: Clif ton M. Johnson, Le gal Co un se lor, forre a sons 1.5(D) and 1.6.

1. (C) Sum mary: Trial Cham ber III of the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for theFor mer Yugo sla via (ICTY) he ard te sti mony from Lord Da vid Owen the first we ek ofNo vem ber. As an in ter na ti o nal ne go ti a tor, Lord Owen in si sted that the Trial Cham ber callhim as a ne u tral wit ness rat her than be ing cal led by the Pro se cu tion. His te sti mony in so -me ways trac ked his self-proc la i med ne u tral po si tion, so me ti mes cha rac te ri zing events inways that un der cut the Pro se cu tion’s ca se. For lead pro se cu tor Ni ce, ho we ver, Owen pro -vi ded help ful evi den ce in bu il ding a ca se of omis sion aga inst Mi lo se vic (see pa ra 11). TheTrial Cham ber al so he ard te sti mony from a pro tec ted wit ness te stifying to cri me-ba sedevents lar gely in clo sed ses sion. Ad di ti o nally, Mi lo se vic com ple ted his cross-exa mi na ti -on of Da vid Har land. The trial cham ber al so is sued an or der al lo wing it to sit in ses sionwith a jud ge ab sent due to he alth re la ted is su es. End sum mary.

Lord Owen’s Te sti mony 2. (C) On No vem ber 4 and 5, the Trial Cham ber he ard from Lord Da vid Owen, for -

mer Bo snia pe a ce me di a tor and one-ti me Bri tish fo re ign sec re tary. He ini ti ally tur neddown a re qu est by the Pro se cu tion to ap pe ar be fo re the co urt in the Mi lo se vic trial, re fu -sing even to spe ak with lead pro se cu tor Ge of frey Ni ce abo ut such te sti mony and pre fer -ring to be cal led by the Trial Cham ber it self in or der to ma in tain his sup po sed ne u tra lityin the mat ter. Lord Owen emp ha si zed his vi ew that evil was com mit ted on all si des, tho -44

ugh mo re so by Bo snian Serbs than Bo snian Cro ats or Mu slims. He re pe a tedly sta ted thatbla me for the events in the Bal kans is car ried by many par ti es in clu ding the Uni ted Na -ti ons Se cu rity Co un cil and even him self. Se ni or pro se cu tor Der mot Gro o me com men tedto Em bassy le gal of fi cers that Owen was a very cre di ble wit ness, espe ci ally sin ce he te -sti fied that he held him self to be par ti ally re spon si ble for the mass mur ders that oc cur redin Sre bre ni ca.

3. (SBU) Owen sub mit ted a 42 pa ge sta te ment to the pro se cu tion which outli ned hisro le as an in ter na ti o nal ne go ti a tor in the Bal kans and his ex pe ri en ces with the Ac cu sed inthat ro le, lar gely dra wing upon re le vant por ti ons of his bo ok, Bal kan Odyssey. The sta te -ment pro vi ded de ta i led ac co unts of the re la ti on ships that Mi lo se vic had with po li ti cal ri -vals and ot her le a ders in clu ding, among ot hers, Cor sic, Pa nic, Ka rad zic, Mla dic and Kra -ji snik. Lord Owen cha rac te ri zed Mi lo se vic as “not fun da men tally ra cist – he’s a prag ma -tist who wan ted Serbs to be in the ma jo rity. I don’t think he was an et hnic pu rist.”

4. (SBU) Mi lo se vic and Owen esta blis hed a cor dial and re spec tful rap port du ringthe cross-exa mi na ti on. Mi lo se vic was com po sed and ef fec ti ve du ring the cross-exa mi na -ti on, adro itly le a ding the wit ness to pra i se the “pe a ce ma ker” ro le Mi lo se vic played in theBal kans. In deed, Owen of fe red oc ca si o nal pra i se and ju sti fi ca tion un promp ted by the Ac -cu sed. At one po int, when Mi lo se vic of fe red that gre at atro ci ti es we re be ing com mit tedaga inst the Serbs and the JNA was trying to pre vent furt her con flict, Lord Owen si de-step ped the qu e sti on by sta ting that he wasn’t su re whet her Mi lo se vic was help ful in thatca se, but that he was very help ful in the Van ce-Owen pe a ce ne go ti a ti ons. Furt her, Owensug ge sted that Mi lo se vic had a “ju sti fied gri e van ce” aga inst the West sin ce they ac cep -ted maps that we re drawn in 1944 rat her than ones in 1991 that re flec ted the ac tual et hnicpo pu la ti ons.

5. (SBU) Owen al so cast Mi lo se vic as so me o ne com mit ted to, and an ac ti ve par ti -ci pant in, the pe a ce pro ces ses. Ho we ver, he did sug gest that Mi lo se vic did not do eno ughfor pe a ce. Owen’s chi ef com pla int aga inst Mi lo se vic was that he had not put eno ugh pres -su re on the Bo snian Serbs to ac cept the Van ce-Owen pe a ce plan. He sta ted that by re fu -sing to thre a ten the Bo snian Serbs’ supply of oil and we a pons flo wing from Ser bia whenthey re jec ted the pe a ce plan, Mi lo se vic was re spon si ble for de laying the pe a ce pro cessfor two and a half years. Lord Own sta ted that he wis hed Mi lo se vic had used his in flu -en ce ear li er to sup port pe a ce.

6. (SBU) Owen con tra sted Tudjman’s “bla tant” use of Cro a tion Army for ces in Bo -snia with Mi lo se vic’s “cle ver” way of using Ser bian for ces in the war. Yet Owen did so -me se ri o us da ma ge to Mi lo se vic re gar ding the pre sen ce of JNA tro ops in Bo snia. Mi lo -se vic cla i med that on ce the in de pen den ce of Bo snia was re cog ni zed that no JNA tro opswe re ac ti ve in Bo snia, ex cept for one small ex cep ti on. Owen di smis sed this sta te mentsaying that the JNA was in vol ved and that Serbs not born in Bo snia we re ac ti ve the re. Hesta ted that JNA we re mo re sub tle in dis gu i sing the ir pre sen ce than the ir Cro a tian co un -ter parts.

7. (SBU) Du ring the cross-exa mi na ti on, Owen re ser ved his har shest com ments forMi lo se vic’s po li ti cal ri vals. He sug ge sted that Mi lo se vic lost much po wer and in flu en ceover the Bo snian Serb le a der ship af ter Ka rad zic re vo ked his sig na tu re from the Van ce-Owen pe a ce plan. He com men ted that Ka rad zic sig ned a lot of do cu ments whi le hol dingand espo u sing op po si te vi ews in ot her fo rums. Owen sho wed that he holds par ti cu larcon tempt for Mla dic. In re spon ding to Mi lo se vic’s as ser tion that Mla dic was not ca pa ble

45

of the atro ci ti es in Sre bre ni ca, Owen sta ted that he did not sha re this vi ew of Mla dic andthat the re was a “bru ta lity abo ut the man.” He al so sta ted that Mla dic was a ra cist and thathe co uld ha ve or de red, been com pli cit, or ac qu i e sced to a mas sac re of Mu slims.

8. (SBU) Owen went on to say that Mi lo se vic was very help ful in pre ven ting Mla -dic from ta king Sre bre ni ca in 1993. He sta ted that Mi lo se vic was “well awa re of the dan -gers” if Serbs went in to Sre bre ni ca, gi ven the hi sto ric ten si ons and con flicts the re, andeven re fer red to the risk of a “mas sac re.” The re was si mi lar re cog ni tion of the risk in1995. Owen la men ted that the events in Sre bre ni ca in 1995 was the worst epi so de of thecon flicts in the Bal kans and he par ti ally holds him self re spon si ble for not tel ling mo re pe -o ple of the dan ger. He al so pla ced part of the bla me on the Se cu rity Co un cil, which kno -wingly dec la red Sre bre ni ca a sa fe area wit ho ut pro vi ding the re qu i si te tro ops.

9. (SBU) On anot her is sue Owen par ti ally ca me to the Ac cu sed’s de fen se sta ting thatMi lo se vic ga ve up the idea of a “Gre a ter Ser bia” af ter 1993. He no ted that as a prag ma -tist, Mi lo se vic re a li zed that on ce the Van ce-Owen pe a ce plan star ted that so me Serbs wo -uld ha ve to li ve out si de of Ser bia. When Mi lo se vic pus hed the po int to say that the le a -ders of Re pu bli ca Srsp ka al so ne ver held a “Gre a ter Ser bia” vi ew, Owen re spon ded thatthis was a re a so na ble vi ew, but that he per so nally do es not ac cept that in ter pre ta tion.Owen went on to say that Mi lo se vic and ot hers li kely had aspi ra ti ons for a dif fe rent map.

10. (SBU) Owen en ded his cross-exa mi na ti on by Mi lo se vic with a lofty sta te mentthat “so me ti mes le a ders must lead the ir pe o ple aga inst pu blic opi nion and aga inst ul tra-na ti o na li stic vi ews.” He went on to say that, “so me of the gre a test acts ha ve oc cur redwhe re le a ders ha ve ac ted aga inst the ma jo rity opi nion.” Ho we ver, the Ami ci, thro ugh the -ir cross-exa mi na ti on, po in ted out that many of the po si ti ons for pe a ce that Mi lo se vic to -ok we re po li ti cally un po pu lar and even in so me ca ses re sul ted in sub stan tial loss of in flu -en ce. The Ami ci al so po in ted out that af ter Pa le had re jec ted the pe a ce plan, the le a dersin Pa le felt they co uld re ject Bel gra de and co uld ma ke the ir own po li ti cal de ci si ons.Owen se e med to ac cept this cha rac te ri za tion and even when so far as to add that the Ami -ci’s li ne of qu e sti o ning sho wed the “wis dom of the cham bers to ha ve the Ami ci to in su -re a fa ir trial.”

11. (C) Lead Mi lo se vic pro se cu tor Ge of frey Ni ce, whi le ac know led ging the mi xedna tu re of Owen’s te sti mony was con fi dent that it was help ful to the pro se cu tion. He saidthat Owen de mon stra ted that the risk of a mas sac re in Sre bre ni ca was ap pa rent from1993, te sti fied that Mi lo se vic him self had al lu ded to the dan ger of a “mas sac re” in 1993,and sho wed that the risk was re cog ni zed again in 1995. Aga inst this bac kdrop of awa re -ness was te sti mony that du ring this pe riod the VRS was sup por ted by Mi lo se vic andKard zic had lost con trol over Mla dic le a ving Mi lo se vic as his main in flu en ce. For Ni ceall of this ad ded up to, es sen ti ally, a ca se of omis sion aga inst Mi lo se vic. Ni ce said that hewo uld pur sue evi den ce of di rect re spon si bi lity whe re he co uld find it but that for le galpur po ses a ca se ba sed on the ac cu sed’s fa i lu re to act wo uld suf fi ce. ex pla i ned the va lueof Owen’s te sti mony in a con ver sa tion with Em bassy le gal of fi cers.

Ot her Te sti mony – Nov. 5-6 12. On No vem ber 5, the Trial Cham ber al so he ard from a pro tec ted wit ness, iden ti -

fied as B-1531, who of fe red cri me-ba sed te sti mony. Much of the wit ness’ te sti mony wasta ken in clo sed ses sion. On No vem ber 6, the Trial Cham ber he ard the com ple tion of thecross-exa mi na ti on of Da vid Har land, UN ci vil and po li ti cal af fa irs of fi cer in Sa ra je vo.46

Har land’s evi den ce-in-chi ef and the start of the cross-exa mi na ti on oc cur red on Sep tem -ber 18, 2003. Du ring his ini tial te sti mony, he spo ke of his ex pe ri en ces du ring ne go ti a ti -ons with the le a ders in Pa le, no tably Dr. Ka rad zic and Ge ne ral Mla dic, and of his ex pe -ri en ce with shel ling and sni per ac ti vity in Sa ra je vo. He al so spo ke abo ut the com mandstruc tu res in Pa le and re la ted his ex pe ri en ces that sho wed how Pa le co uld con trol sni persand pa ra mi li tary units when they wan ted to. He al so spo ke abo ut the met hods used bythe Bo snian Serbs when they et hni cally cle an sed Mu slim towns. In con trast to the to neof Owen’s te sti mony, Har land de scri bed Mi lo se vic as “hol ding the hand” of Pa le thro -ugh his in flu en ce on the mi li tary. He te sti fied that the Pa le le a der ship was fru stra ted withMi lo se vic for staying the ir hand in many ca ses. He la ter re co un ted how a ma jor re port here se ar ched and draf ted for the UN Sec re tary Ge ne ral ma de no con nec tion bet we en themas sac res in Sre bre ni ca and Mi lo se vic, yet he con clu ded per so nally that Mi lo se vic mustha ve known abo ut the mi li tary ac ti ons to ta ke the town.

13. (SBU) Har land in ge ne ral te sti fied to the sup port Mi lo se vic and the JNA pro vi -ded Pa le. He spo ke abo ut how Ge ne ral Mla dic wo uld openly ac know led ge that he had100s of tanks sup plied by the JNA and how the se for ces we re used to et hni cally cle an seMu slim towns. Har land al so sta ted that the re was a cle ar link bet we en Bel gra de and theBo snian Serb Army. He no ted that at cri ti cal mo ments, Bel gra de was able to in flu en cethe be ha vi or of the Bo snian Serb Army. Har land con clu ded, gi ven that Mi lo se vic co uldas sert con trol over the Bo snian Serb Army when he wan ted it, that Mi lo se vic must ha veac qu i e sced to the shel ling in Sa ra je vo, the sni ping, the at tacks on sa fe are as, and even themas sac re that fol lo wed the fall of Sre bre ni ca. He cla i med that Mi lo se vic co uld ha ve do -ne vastly mo re to pre vent the se at tacks gi ven that the Bo snian Serbs we re al most en ti relyde pen dent on sup port from Ser bia. Har land char ged that the ca u se of pe a ce was notadvan ced by “gi ving the Bo snian Serbs the full mi li tary sup port they ne e ded to se cu re,et hni cally cle an se, and hold very lar ge ter ri to ri es.”

14. (SBU) On No vem ber 6, Mi lo se vic con clu ded his cross-exa mi na ti on of Da vidHar land. Du ring this seg ment of the cross-exa mi na ti on the Ac cu sed asked qu e sti ons pri -ma rily re gar ding the cir cum stan ces in Sa ra je vo. When Mi lo se vic as ser ted that Serbs “al -lo wed” Mu slims to le a ve the ir en cla ves, whe re as the Mu slims did not al low the Serbs thefre e dom to le a ve, Har land cor rec ted Mi lo se vic sta ting that the Serbs “for ced” the Mu -slims to le a ve. Har land al so di scus sed the va ried tre at ment that dif fe rent et hni ci ti es re ce -i ved thro ugh the va ri o us con trol led are as of Sa ra je vo. He al so ad dres sed the two Ma ka -le Mar ket shel lings. Mi lo se vic ma de his usual ar gu ment that the pre li mi nary re port con -clu ded that it was a Mu slim at tack. Har land no ted that la ter re ports co uld not con clu dethe so ur ce, sin ce it was too clo se to the con fron ta tion li ne. Ho we ver, he no ted that forshells that they co uld de tect the so ur ce al most all shells fal ling on the Mu slim si de ca mefrom the Serb li nes.

Jud ge Ro bin son Ill 15. (C) On Oc to ber 21, the Trial Cham ber is sued an or der un der Ru le 15 bis al lo -

wing the Trial Cham ber to sit in the ab sen ce of Jud ge Ro bin son due to me di cal re a sonson No vem ber 25 and 27 and on De cem ber 2, 3, 4 of 2003. Whi le Em bassy is un fa mi li -ar with the na tu re of Jud ge Ro bin son’s il lness, pro se cu tor Der mot Gro o me com men tedto Em bassy le gal of fi cers that Jud ge Ro bin son’s he alth may furt her im pact the Mi lo se vicca se in the fu tu re.

47

16. (C) Com ment: In his co ur tro om con fron ta tion with Da vid Owen, Mi lo se vic de -mon stra ted a fe i sti ness and fo cus con si stent with the ob ser va tion of tho se who see Mi lo -se vic re gu larly (ref tel) that he tends to re lish the op por tu nity to cross wit nes ses he vi ewsas his “pe ers”. His vi go ro us, en ga ging cross-exa mi na ti on bro ught out the com plex na tu -re of Owen’s vi ews, which we re not al to get her help ful to the pro se cu tion. In that sen se,the ac cu sed can cla im this wit ness as a suc cess. Still, the ne ga ti ves re main for Mi lo se vic,espe ci ally Owen’s te sti mony con cer ning the pre sen ce of JNA tro ops in Bo snia and thefact that Mi lo se vic was awa re of the risk of a mas sac re in Sre bre ni ca. Ul ti ma tely Owen’sva lue to the pro se cu tion will de pend on whet her ot her wit nes ses can fill in the gaps andwhet her the cham ber is pre pa red to con vict Mi lo se vic on a ca se ba sed lar gely on acts ofomis sion. The co ming we eks will see ad di ti o nal te sti mony from wit nes ses, in clu ding for -mer Sta te Pre si dent Bo ris Jo vic who will te stify next we ek, that will pre sent an even mo -re mi xed bag for the pro se cu tion. End com ment.

Russel

XI IIRe fe ren ce id: 03THE HA GUE3027Su bject: Icty: With Stru gar Bal king At Re turn, Pre si dent Me ron To Re port Sam

Non com pli an ce At 0900 Est To mor rowOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Tue, 9 Dec 2003 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2003/12/03THE HA GUE3027.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Con fi den tialSIP DIS DE PART MENT FOR S/WCI – PRO SPER/RIC HARD, EUR/SCE – GRE GO -

RIAN/MITCHELL, L/EUR – LAH NE, INR/WCAD – SE I DEN STRIC KER/MO RINE.O. 12958: DECL: 1.6 FI VE YEARS AF TER CLO SU RE OF ICTY

Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PHUM [Hu man Rights], BK [Bo sniaand Her ze go vi na], HR [Cro a ti a], SR [Ser bi a], NL [Net her lands], ICTY [In ter na ti o nalCri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a]

Ref: A. (A) KAYE DE CEM BER 4 EMAIL B. (B) BEL GRA DE 2926 Clas si fied By: Le gal Co un se lor Clif ton M. Johnson per re a sons 1.5(b)-(d )

1. (C) Sum mary: The Pre si dent of the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the For -mer Yugo sla via (ICTY), The o dor Me ron, told em bassy le gal of fi cers that he wo uld re -port to the UN Se cu rity Co un cil Bel gra de’s non co o pe ra tion by 0900 EST on Tu es day,De cem ber 9, if in dic tee Pa vle Stru gar fa ils to re turn to The Ha gue for his trial, sche du ledto be gin on Wed nes day De cem ber 10. Me ron said that the fa i lu re of Ser bia and Mon te -48

ne gro’s Go vern ment (SAM) to ef fect Stru gar’s sur ren der wo uld ha ve gra ve con se qu en -ces for the ICTY‘s wil ling ness to grant pro vi si o nal re le a se to Serb in dic te es in the fu tu -re. End sum mary.

2. (C) Me ron, who aler ted Em bassy le gal of fi cers to his se ri o us con cerns abo ut Stru -gar’s ef forts to avoid re turn to The Ha gue last Fri day (ref A), firmly re jec ted any pro ce -du re short of Stru gar complying with the ICTY trial cham ber’s or der that he re turn to TheHa gue for trial im me di a tely. Me ron said that the SAM am bas sa dor to The Ha gue had ex -pla i ned to him last Fri day a pro cess ac cor ding to which a Bel gra de co urt wo uld or derStru gar’s tran sfer, but that Stru gar wo uld ha ve the abi lity to ap peal. (The pro ce du re wasde scri bed si mi larly in ref B.) Me ron told the SAM Am bas sa dor that any such pro cess,espe ci ally the right of Stru gar to ap peal, was “com ple tely unac cep ta ble.” In a con ver sa -tion with em boff, he ad ded that it wo uld be as if an ac cu sed out on bail in the Uni ted Sta -tes we re al lo wed to ap peal his ap pre hen sion to the mar shal when cal led to trial. He ex -pla i ned that the ori gi nal de ci sion in 2001 to grant Stru gar pro vi si o nal re le a se was pre mi -sed on both a com mit ment from the ac cu sed to re turn im me di a tely to The Ha gue whenthe trial wo uld so re qu i re it and from the Go vern ment to gu a ran tee his tran sfer. Stru gar’sfa i lu re re flects po orly eno ugh on the ac cu sed, who, Me ron mu sed, may simply be ho pingthat he can drag out an ap peal and see whet her this month’s elec ti ons gi ve him a go vern -ment less li kely to me et its com mit ments to the Tri bu nal. Ac cor ding to Me ron, it re flectseven wor se on Bel gra de which gu a ran teed Stru gar’s re turn and who se cre di bi lity with re -spect to any fu tu re re qu ests de pends on its abi lity to de li ver on such as su ran ces.

3. (C) As a re sult, Me ron plans to send a for mal let ter to the Uni ted Na ti ons Se cu -rity Co un cil not la ter than 0900 EST on Tu es day, De cem ber 9, de ta i ling the non com pli -an ce of the SAM with the or der of the Tri bu nal that Stru gar re turn for trial. He con ce dedthat if Stru gar we re en ro u te to The Ha gue or if the SAM we re to gu a ran tee that Stru gar’sde par tu re was im mi nent (i.e., wit hin twenty fo ur ho urs), he wo uld hold off on such a let -ter. He wo uld, he said, be firm that SAM had to me et the com mit ments which for med anes sen tial part of the ICTY‘s agre e ment to Stru gar’s pro vi si o nal re le a se. Me ron ad ded thatsuch non co o pe ra tion, which has ca u sed the post po ne ment of the trial’s start da te, un der -mi nes the ICTY‘s abi lity to do its work ef fi ci ently and the re fo re com pro mi ses its abi lityto me et the com ple tion stra tegy go als.

4. (C) Com ment: A fa i lu re by SAM to ef fect Stru gar’s tran sfer to The Ha gue willha ve a se ri o usly ne ga ti ve im pact on fu tu re pro vi si o nal re le a se con si de ra ti ons, by both theOf fi ce of the Pro se cu tor and the Cham bers, in vol ving Bel gra de. Me ron is firm that thatthis tran sfer must hap pen im mi nently to avoid a re port of non com pli an ce to the SC andwe do not ex pect him to blink. End com ment.

So bel

XIVRe fe ren ce id: 04THE HA GUE271Su bject: Icty: New Stres ses In The Mi lo se vic TrialOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Tue, 3 Feb 2004 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2004/02/04THE HA GUE271.html

49



Con fi den tialSIP DIS DE PART MENT FOR S/WCI – PRO SPER/RIC HARD, EUR/SCE – STEP -

HENS/GRE GO RIAN/MITCHELL, L/EUR – LAH NE, INR/WCAD – SE I DEN STRIC -KER/MO RIN, USUN FOR RO STOW/WIL LSON E.O. 12958: DECL: FI VE YEARSAF TER ICTY CLO SU RE


Ref: THE HA GUE 176 Clas si fied By: Clif ton M. Johnson, Le gal Co un se lor, for re -a sons 1.5 b, d

1. (C) Sum mary. The trial of Slo bo dan Mi lo se vic be fo re the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nalTri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla via (ICTY) ca re ens to wards an in te re sting, dif fi cult andpo ten ti ally ex plo si ve fi nal few we eks of the pro se cu tion’s ca se. In terms of te sti mony, thebig gest gre na de co uld co me in the form of the com pel led Fe bru ary 10 te sti mony of Bi -lja na Plav sic, for mer co-Pre si dent of Re pu bli ka Srp ska (RS), who many in the Of fi ce ofPro se cu tor (OTP) be li e ve is mo re li kely to hurt rat her than help the pro se cu tion ca se. Thebig gest risk, ho we ver, may be less sub stan ti ve than he alth re la ted. Whi le the ac cu sed hasthe flu, le a ding to a can cel la tion of pro ce e dings on Fe bru ary 3, mo re sig ni fi cant is thatPre si ding Jud ge Ric hard May, the do mi nant fi gu re in the co ur tro om, is suf fe ring from anun di sclo sed il lness that co uld re qu i re his ne ar term de par tu re from the Tri bu nal – ca stingthe fu tu re of the trial in to qu e sti on. Aga inst this bac kdrop, the Mi lo se vic pro se cu tion te -am, tho ugh rac ked by in fig hting and po ten tial per son nel chan ges, wor ked to fi na li ze itsre ma i ning wit ness list. Du ring the we ek of Ja nu ary 26, it pre sen ted three ex pert wit nesswho, in con trast to the dra ma be hind the sce nes, te sti fied so berly to the cri mes com mit -ted in Bo snia and the re la ti on ship bet we en Serb and RS mi li ta ri es. End sum mary.

Jud ge May Il 2. (C) Em bassy le gal of fi cers le ar ned Fe bru ary 2 that Jud ge Ric hard May, the pre -

si ding jud ge in the Mi lo se vic ca se, has fal len ill with what may be a se ri o us and pro gres -si vely wor se ning con di tion. So me pro se cu tors be fo re his trial cham ber had be gun to no -ti ce so me ab nor ma li ti es in his be ha vi or, such as in com pre hen si ble sta te ments from thebench (May is well known to be an ar ti cu la te and pre ci se spe a ker when pre si ding). Lastwe ek he re ce i ved a me di cal eva lu a tion, the re sults of which are not yet known. The si tu -a tion is be ing con si de red very di scre tely by a small cir cle in the ICTY. A num ber of so -ur ces con si der the con di tion se ri o us eno ugh that it may re qu i re May to step down fromthe pro ce e dings. They are fo cu sed on “get ting thro ugh” the next two we eks un til the Pro -se cu tion adjo urns in the ho pe that a sub sti tu te jud ge, if ne e ded, wo uld ha ve the threemonth bre ak to get up to speed on the ca se by the ti me Mil so vic be gins his de fen se.50

(Com ment. Em bassy le gal of fi cers had not no ti ced a sig ni fi cant chan ge in Jud ge May’sbe ha vi or, nor ha ve press ob ser vers. Whi le the re ports of May’s il lness are cre di ble andcor ro bo ra ted, un til we ob tain furt her de ta ils it will not be pos si ble to as sess the full im -pact of his con di tion on the ca se. End com ment).

Plav sic and Pe ri sic 3. (C) A trial cham ber or der gran ting the pro se cu tion’s re qu est to add Bi lja na Plav sic

as a wit ness re ma ins un der seal, tho ugh se ni or Tri bu nal le a der ship re ma i ned cer tain thatshe wo uld te stify aga inst Mi lo se vic on Fe bru ary 10 (ori gi nally sche du led for Fe bru ary 4).See ref tel. Her te sti mony has be co me anot her po int of con ten tion bet we en se ni or pro se cu -tors on the Mi lo se vic te am, but Em boffs un der stand that Chi ef Pro se cu tor Car la Del Pon -te has in si sted on se e king the sub po e na that will bring her to The Ha gue to te stify.

4. (C) Em bassy le gal of fi cers al so le ar ned that the co ur ting of Mom ci lo Pe ri sic en -ded in fa i lu re, with one pro se cu tor cal ling Pe ri sic’s in ter vi ews in The Ha gue “ter ri ble.”The re had been so me ho pe wit hin OTP that Pe ri sic – a one-ti me se ni or mi li tary advi serto Mi lo se vic, an im por tant link bet we en Mi lo se vic and Mla dic on mi li tary mat ters, anda po ten tial in dic tee in his own right – wo uld pro vi de sub stan tial evi den ce aga inst his for -mer boss. The in ter vi ews con duc ted in The Ha gue pro ved ot her wi se, with Pe ri sic dis -playing a tru cu len ce that led him to be ing qu ickly re tur ned to Bel gra de. His sta tus as anin ve sti ga ti ve tar get will be re por ted sep tel.

Per son nel Chan ges on the Pro se cu tion Te am 5. (C) The in ten sity of fo cus on the clo sing we eks of the pro se cu tion ca se has not

dis trac ted the lead pro se cu tors from the ir long-run ning clash over the pro se cu tion it self.The main so ur ce of fric tion, a po i so no us re la ti on ship bet we en lead pro se cu tor Ge of freyNi ce and se ni or trial at tor ney (for the Bo snia por tion) Der mot Gro o me, may be co mingto an end on ce the pro se cu tion rests. Em bassy le gal of fi cers ha ve le ar ned that the chi efpro se cu tor has de ci ded to pull Gro o me from the ca se on ce the pro se cu tion rests and willask Gro o me to fo cus at ten tion on Sta ni sic and Si ma to vic and ta ke con trol from Ni ce ofthe Pe ri sic in ve sti ga tion/in dic tment. Gro o me, di sap po in ted by the mo ve, has asked theChi ef Pro se cu tor to re con si der, ha ving told her that he wo uld not se ek re ne wal of his con -tract in May sho uld he be ta ken off the Mi lo se vic te am.

A We ek of Ex pert Wit nes ses 6. (SBU) Dean Man ning (OTP In ve sti ga tor): The pro se cu tion cal led OTP In ve sti -

ga tor Dean Man ning to te stify abo ut a re port he pre pa red at the re qu est of OTP on massgra ves fo und in and aro und Sre bre ni ca. Man ning has been in ve sti ga ting mass gra ves aro -und Sre bre ni ca for over fi ve years. He te sti fied that 2541 in di vi du als ha ve been fo und inthe mass gra ves. He no ted, ho we ver, that this is an ex tre mely con ser va ti ve num ber be ca -u se the Serbs dug up and tran spor ted bo di es from pri mary gra ve si tes using he avy mac -hi nery, crus hing the bo di es and ma king ac cu ra te co unts very dif fi cult. Mi lo se vic sug ge -sted that the ma jo rity of the bo di es fo und in the mass gra ves aro und Sre bre ni ca we re tho -se of men kil led in com bat, and he asked the wit ness to te stify as to the gen der and ageof the vic tims, as well as to ac know led ge the fig hting that oc cur red in the area. Man ningco un te red Mi lo se vic’s as ser tion by te stifying abo ut the fo ren sic evi den ce – no ting thatmany of the vic tims we re shot in the back or the head, that the ir po stu re in di ca ted thatthe ir hands we re tied, and that they of ten wo re blind folds from the sa me cuts of fa bric.

51

7. (SBU) Reynaud The u nens (ICTY Mi li tary Analyst): The pro se cu tion cal ledICTY mi li tary analyst Reynaud The u nens to te stify abo ut a re port he pre pa red at the re -qu est of OTP that analyzed the ro le of the Yugo slav Pe o ple’s Army (JNA) in the Cro a -tian and Bo snian con flicts, spe ci fi cally on its com mand and con trol of Ser bian ar mi es, ar -med pa ra mi li tary and vo lun te er gro ups. The u nens te sti fied that the JNA de ve lo ped in to ama inly Serb for ce who se goal was to con so li da te Ser bia’s con trol over Serb-po pu la tedre gi ons of Bo snia and Cro a tia. He sta ted furt her that this tran sfor med JNA tra i ned, sup -plied, and as su med com mand of lo cal Serb for ces in Cro a tia and Bo snia, re por ting that“do cu men tary evi den ce in di ca tes that Serb TO (ter ri tory de fen se) units and staffs ope ra -ted un der sin gle, uni fied com mand and con trol with the JNA.” The wit ness furt her te sti -fied that JNA as si stan ce was aut ho ri zed at the hig hest le vels of the JNA army and theYugo slav pre si dency, which pri or evi den ce has shown was con trol led by Mi lo se vic. No -tably, The u nens pro vi ded do cu men ta tion sho wing that Mi lo se vic re ce i ved a daily com -bat re port of the army of the bre a ka way Serb re pu blic, Re pu bli ka Srp ska Kra ji na (RSK),which in clu ded in for ma tion on what ma te rial sup port had been pro vi ded to the RSK bythe JNA.

8. (SBU) The u nens al so te sti fied abo ut do cu men ta tion that sho wed that re ti red andac ti ve duty JNA of fi ci als ser ved in Serb ar mi es in Bo snia and Cro a tia whi le con ti nu ingto re ce i ve pay, be ne fits, and cre dit for ti me ser ved from the JNA. He went on to te stifythat JNA sup port was cri ti cal in Bo snia, as the bre a ka way Serb re pu blic, Re pu bli ka Srp -ska, had al most no in de pen dent war pro duc tion ca pa bi lity. On cross exa mi na ti on, Mi lo -se vic tried to cha rac te ri ze the JNA as an in ter me di ary that was se pa ra ting war ring fac ti -ons in Bo snia and Cro a tia, trying to set the JNA apart from the ac ti ons of the Serb ar mi -es and pa ra mi li tary units. He al so tried to di scre dit the wit ness, hig hlig hting his em -ployment by the ICTY as mo ti va tion for bi as. Ul ti ma tely, ho we ver, the vo lu mi no us mi -li tary do cu ments in tro du ced thro ugh The u nens pro vi ded sig ni fi cant evi den ce lin king Ser -bia and the JNA to the mi li tary ac ti ons com mit ted by Serb for ces in Bo snia and Cro a tia.The te sti mony pro vi ded the Cham ber with a ful ler un der stan ding of the com mand andco or di na tion bet we en the JNA and the mul ti tu de of Serb mi li tary, pa ra mi li tary, and vo -lun te er for ces in Bo snia and Cro a tia. Most im por tantly, the te sti mony in di ca ted that Mi -lo se vic was far from ig no rant of this hu ge mi li tary ap pa ra tus and was in fact in flu en tialin its de ci sion-ma king.

9. (SBU) Ge ne ral Fe renc Vegh (Ex pert wit ness on mi li tary com mand and con trol):Li ke The u nens, Hun ga rian Ge ne ral Vegh was cal led to te stify abo ut a re port he pre pa redat the re qu est of OTP, which fo cu sed on the mi li tary com mand and struc tu re of the JNAarmy. Vegh is the for mer com man der of the Hun ga rian army, and his cre den ti als in clu dea stint at the U.S. Army War Col le ge. The pro se cu tion’s pri mary in te rest in Vegh was hisfin ding that Serb mi li tary and pa ra mi li tary units in Bo snia and Cro a tia lac ked the abi lityto ca rry out in de pen dent mi li tary ac ti vi ti es. From pas sing out mu ni ti ons to lo cal for ces,to co or di na ting sop hi sti ca ted of fen si ves, Serb mi li tary and pa ra mi li tary for ces re qu i redsu per i or or ders from the JNA, which he no ted had be co me a tool for Ser bia to ac hi e veits po li ti cal ob jec ti ves. Mi lo se vic’s cross-exa mi na ti on bro adly at temp ted to co uch theJNA’s ac ti vi ti es as simply “ra i sing the le vel of com bat re a di ness” in light of the pro li fe -ra tion of ho sti le or ga ni za ti ons such as the Cro a tian Na ti o nal Gu ards For ce and the Pa tri -ot Le a gue (an ar med co a li tion of Mu slim sol di ers in Bo snia). It was cle ar to the Cham -52

ber, ho we ver, that Mi lo se vic was using his cross-exa mi na ti on ti me to spe ech-ma ke to thegal lery (which was pac ked to ca pa city for the first ti me in se ve ral months due to vi si tingmo del-UN te ams) abo ut Bo snian and Cro a tian mi li ta ri za tion. Jud ge Ro bin son de li ve redan unu sual scol ding to Mi lo se vic, sta ting “nor mally I sup port your re qu ests for ti me-ex -ten si ons... I will not do so this ti me.”

Com ment 10. (C) The Mi lo se vic trial fa ces a new and very to ugh chal len ge in the form of Jud -

ge May’s un di sclo sed il lness. In a co ur tro om of lar ge per so na li ti es, May emer ged longago as the do mi nant per so na lity – hol ding the pro se cu tion to sche du les, ke e ping Mi lo se -vic on a fa irly short le ash but al lo wing him re a so na ble ro om to re pre sent him self, and ge -ne rally ma in ta i ning de co rum in the fa ce of a dif fi cult en vi ron ment. His ab sen ce wo uld bea sig ni fi cant loss, even if a sub sti tu te jud ge we re to be ap po in ted. Mo re o ver, a de ci sionto pro ceed with a sub sti tu te jud ge is su bject un der the Tri bu nal Ru les to an ap peal di rectlyto the full bench of the ap pe als cham ber. Even if such an ap peal we re de nied (as is mo reli kely than not), the pu blic per cep tion of the trial may well be ta in ted.

11. (C) In the trial cham ber it self, the we ek pre sen ted a jux ta po si ti on of the twosi des of the Mi lo se vic pro se cu tion: On one si de, ob ser vers saw the so ber, ca re ful pre -sen ta tion of ex pert wit nes ses de sig ned to ex pla in to the cham bers the com plex na tu -re of Mi lo se vic’s re la ti on ship to Bo snian cri mes and Bel gra de’s mi li tary re la ti on shipwith Bo snian Serb for ces. On the ot her, the long-sim me ring per so na lity clash bet we -en Ni ce and Gro o me con ti nued to roil the pro se cu tion te am. The op ti ons for Car la DelPon te, who has ten ded to play one off aga inst the ot her and the reby con tri bu ted to thisten sion, are not ap pe a ling: if she re mo ves Ni ce (ex tre mely un li kely), she risks a ma -jor me dia storm, as the re mo val of the pu blic fa ce of the pro se cu tion wo uld pro ve tobe a story of so me no te. Yet if she re mo ves Gro o me, she will lo se the pro se cu tor mostver sed in the Bo snia co unts – which are, in ci den tally, the har dest of the in dic tmentsto pro ve.

12. (C) De spi te the per son nel cri ses, the still im por tant qu e sti ons con cern how thepro se cu tion will rest. Pla cing Ge ne ral Mo ril lon last on the wit ness list en su res that thepro se cu tors will le a ve the cham bers with a strong im pres sion cre a ted by an im por tant wit -ness. Yet the pos si bi lity exists that Plav sic’s te sti mony this we ek co uld set off fi re worksthat ul ti ma tely un der mi ne the pro se cu tion’s ca se. The se lec tion of Plav sic as one of thelast wit nes ses sug gests, at the le ast, that so me mem bers of the pro se cu tion te am are any-thing but con fi dent abo ut so me key aspects of the ir ca se. End com ment.

So bel

XVRe fe ren ce id: 04RO ME549Su bject: Ope ra tion Bal kan Vi ce III – Italy on Bo ard With Vi sa Ban, will “be Cre a -

ti ve” on As set Fre e zeOri gin: Em bassy Ro me (Italy) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 13 Feb 2004 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec ret//NO FORN

53

So ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2004/02/04RO ME549.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Sec ret SIP DIS NO FORN DEPT FOR EUR (STEP HENS), EUR/SCE (GRE GO RIAN), S/WCI

(PRO SPER) TRE A SURY FOR OFAC (NEW COMB) E.O. 12958: DECL: 02/12/2014 Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], MOPS [Mi li tary Ope ra ti ons], EFIN [Fi -

nan cial and Mo ne tary Af fa irs], ETTC [Tra de and Tec hno logy Con trols], KAWC [A tro -ci ti es and War Cri mes], ZL [Bal kan Sta tes], IT [I taly], ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri -bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a], EUN [E u ro pean Uni on]

Classified By: POL MIN CO UNS TOM CO UN TRYMAN. RE A SON: 1.5 (B)(D).

1. (S) MFA Bal kans of fi ce di rec tor Fer nan do Gen ti li ni told Po loff on Fe bru ary 12that Italy was “on bo ard” with USG vi ew that im po sing tra vel en try/tra vel bans and fre -e zing as sets of PIFWC’s and the ir ma te rial sup por ters are im por tant to ols for ac hi e vingour sha red ob jec ti ve to sta bi li ze the re gion. Im ple men ting tra vel re stric ti ons on the in di -vi du als na med in ref a wo uld po se lit tle pro blem, he said, and pro mi sed to tran smit thelist to ap pro pri a te bor der and im mi gra tion aut ho ri ti es.

2. (S) Gen ti li ni said that as with pre vi o us re qu ests of this type, as set fre e ze wo uldnot be that stra ight for ward. A num ber of EU mem ber sta tes con ti nue to hold that fre e -zing as sets of PIFWC sup por ters wit ho ut cri mi nal or ci vil pro ce e dings wo uld not standup in the co urts. That said, italy wo uld con ti nue to “be cre a ti ve” in at tempts to fre e ze as -sets of PIFWC sup por ters. Gen ti li ni said that at the Fe bru ary 12 co web in Brus sels, Italysup por ted Irish Pre si dency pro po sals to “test the wa ters” on as set fre e ze with the threeUN SCR 1503-na med in dic te es – Ka rad zic, Mla dic, and Go to vi na. An EU wi de as set fre -e ze aga inst the se three may gain una ni mo us mem ber sta te sup port and stand up in the co -urts, pa ving the way for ac ti ons aga inst “less se ri o us” PIFWC sup por ters. Gen ti li ni saidthat he wo uld ex plo re pos si ble bi la te ral ac tion, but did not hold out much ho pe for thatstra tegy.

3. (S) Ro ber to Ci ci a ni, Di rec tor of the Of fi ce of Mo ney La un de ring and Fi nan cialCri mes, said that wit ho ut an EU im ple men ting di rec ti ve, the GoI can not fre e ze as sets ofthe in di vi du als li sted in ref tel. fi nan ce will sha re the na mes with the Cen tral bank’s Uf fi -cio ita li a no dei cam bi, which will, in turn, in struct banks to se arch da ta ba ses to see if the -re are matches of ac co unts. This wo uld be do ne in an ti ci pa tion of an EU di rec ti ve. Fi nan -ce will ask the Mi ni stri es of Ju sti ce and In ter i or to de ter mi ne if the re ha ve been any ju di -cial ru lings in Italy aga inst the li sted in di vi du als.

Sem bler54

XVIRe fe ren ce id: 04THE HA GUE498Su bject: Icty: Mi lo se vic Pro se cu tion Limps To Clo se Its Ca seOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Thu, 26 Feb 2004 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2004/02/04THE HA GUE498.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -



HENS/GRE GO RIAN/MITCHELL, L/EUR – LAH NE, INR/WCAD – SE I DEN -STRIC KER/MO RIN, USUN FOR RO STOW/WIL LSON E.O. 12958: DECL: 5YEARS AF TER ICTY CLO SU RE


Clas si fied By: De puty Le gal Co un se lor Da vid Kaye per re a sons 1.5 (b)-(d ).

1. (C) Sum mary. The Mi lo se vic Pro se cu tion te am of the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri -bu nal for the For mer Yugo sla via (ICTY) clo sed its ca se in the an ti-cli mac tic form of amo tion to Trial Cham ber III on Fe bru ary 25. The re cent me lo dra ma of the Mi lo se vic pro -se cu tion – the ran co ro us in ter nal de ba tes over po ten tial wit nes ses such as Bi lja na Plav -sic, the ex pec ta ti ons of in tro du cing what so me con si de red “smo king gun” do cu ments, thedra ma tic de te ri o ra tion in Pre si ding Jud ge Ric hard May’s he alth, a re turn to il lness for theac cu sed, the ne ar-re sig na tion of lead Pro se cu tor Ge of frey Ni ce – had tur ned the pro se cu -tion in to what Ni ce cal led “a mud dle”. The Pro se cu tion is now trying to clean its own ho -u se and turn its at ten tion to wrap-up ele ments of its ca se and pre pa ra ti ons for the de fen -se pha se, which the trial cham ber sche du led to be gin on Ju ne 8. The un cer ta in ti es of thepast we eks over sha do wed so me in te re sting evi den ce ad du ced in the fi nal we eks of thepro ce e dings. End sum mary.

The An tic li mac tic Clo sing 2. (C) Pro se cu tors fi led on Fe bru ary 25 a “no ti fi ca tion of the com ple tion of its ca se

and mo tion for the ad mis sion of evi den ce in writ ten form” with trial cham ber III. Whi lethe bulk of the mo tion de als with so me evi den ti ary wrap-up is su es, the mo tion le ads offby no ting “with gre at re gret” the il lness and re sig na tion of Jud ge May, which alt ho ughef fec ti ve May 31 was an no un ced by Pre si dent The o dor Me ron on Fe bru ary 22. (NB: Itis un der stood that Jud ge May is no lon ger par ti ci pa ting in the trial cham ber’s sub stan ti -ve de li be ra ti ons and that Jud ge Pa trick Ro bin son, the next se ni or jud ge in the trial cham -

55

ber, is li kely to be bum ped up to pre si de.) It went on to sug gest that “the re sig na tion maypo se se ri o us dif fi cul ti es for the ove rall ti me ta ble of the ca se,” tho ugh such dif fi cul ti es “arenot en ti rely pre dic ta ble” at this ti me. It sug ge sted that the dif fi cul ti es may de lay the startof the ac cu sed’s ca se and co uld be due in part to the need of a newly as sig ned jud ge tobe co me fa mi li ar with the ca se (no ting the re le van ce of Ru le 15bis of the Ru les of Pro ce -du re and Evi den ce). It con clu ded its short in tro duc tory sec tion by saying that, “(w)ith the -se con si de ra tion in mind and with con cern for the due ad mi ni stra tion of ju sti ce and ju di -cial eco nomy the Pro se cu tor clo ses the ca se by this fi ling on the ba sis of all evi den ce al -ready ad du ced...”

3. (U) The trial cham ber re spon ded un pre ce den tedly qu ickly to the mo tion, sug ge -sting that the ka bu ki had been re he ar sed. Ac cor ding to an ICTY press re le a se, the trialcham ber “con fir med that ‘the Pro se cu tion ca se is he reby clo sed.’” It ma de se ve ral furt -her no te worthy or ders: – The trial cham ber or de red that “any mo tion un der Ru le 98bisshall be fi led by the Ac cu sed or Ami ci Cu ri ae by Mon day, 8 March 2004,” to which thePro se cu tion shall re spond by March 22. A Ru le 98bis mo tion is a mo tion for sum maryjud gment, ac cor ding to which the ac cu sed/ami ci may se ek ac qu it tal on “one or mo re ofthe of fen ces char ged in the in dic tment”. – It re qu i red the ac cu sed to pro du ce a list of wit -nes ses he in tends to call and ex hi bits he in tends to of fer by April 12. – It sche du led a “pre-de fen ce con fe ren ce” for May 17, 2004. – It sche du led the com men ce ment of the de fen -se ca se for Tu es day, Ju ne 8, gi ving the ac cu sed 150 days to pre sent his ca se. (At threedays per we ek, the al lot ment of days amo unts to ne arly one year; ba sed on ho li days andot her an ti ci pa ted we eks off due to sic kness or ot her dif fi cul ti es, it sho uld be ex pec ted thatthe de fen se – as su ming use of all 150 days is ma de – wo uld ex tend well in to the sum merof 2005, if not beyond.)

The Tu mult of Re cent We eks 4. (C) Se ni or pro se cu tors and in ve sti ga tors sha red with em bassy le gal of fi cers in re -

cent days the ir di sap po int ment in the clo sing we eks of the ca se. Ge of frey Ni ce cal led it“a mud dle” and said that the past three we eks – du ring which he vi go ro usly so ught a re -ve la tion of Jud ge May’s si tu a tion to the ac cu sed – we re the har dest of the two-year-plustrial for him. Be ca u se of the in ter nal bat tles, espe ci ally with Car la Del Pon te over whet -her the pro se cu tion had an et hi cal obli ga tion to advi se the ac cu sed of Jud ge May’s li kelyre sig na tion, he ex pec ted as of the end of last we ek that he wo uld re sign the ca se. May’sre sig na tion, ho we ver, has put that tro u ble be hind them, and he said that he and Del Pon -te we re “in a pe riod of dten te.” Dten te or not, Ni ce ex pects furt her fric tion with Del Pon -te, who has par ti ci pa ted mo re ac ti vely in Mi lo se vic te am’s trial de ci si ons sin ce the newyear than she had ever do ne pre vi o usly. For her part, Del Pon te told Em bassy Le gal Co -un se lor that she had “wor ked well” with Pre si dent Me ron on the May si tu a tion and thatshe had to show Ni ce that she was the boss.

5. (C) At the he art of in ter nal tro u bles on the te am was Ni ce’s re la ti on ship with se -ni or trial at tor ney (STA) Der mot Gro o me. Whi le the re is lit tle sign that the re la ti on shiphas im pro ved, Gro o me told em bassy le gal of fi cer la te Fe bru ary 26 that Del Pon te hasasked him to over see the Bo snia por tion of the de fen se ca se. As a re sult, he fe els con fi -dent now that he will re main on the Mi lo se vic te am beyond May, when his con tract ex -pi res.56

6. (C) Ot her pro se cu tors and in ve sti ga tors we re di sap po in ted with the ir ina bi lity toin tro du ce furt her evi den ce in to the re cord. Bi lja na Plav sic, for in stan ce, had been sche -du led to te stify at the be gin ning of Fe bru ary, but the ac cu sed’s il lness and stre nu o us de -ba te wit hin the Mi lo se vic te am put it off to a po int whe re the te am re a li zed that it wo uldnot be pos si ble to call her. Si mi larly, the re was ho pe that the pro se cu tion wo uld call CarlBildt; in the ab sen ce of such an op por tu nity, the pro se cu tion, with Bildt’s ap pa rent con -sent, is li kely to ask the trial cham ber to call Bildt as a co urt wit ness. Ac cor ding to STAGro o me, a key in si der had been set to te stify this we ek on Bel gra de-Pa le con nec ti ons,whi le so me ex pert te sti mony by a de mo grap her wo uld ha ve de mon stra ted the “et hniccle an sing” ef fects of Re pu bli ka Srp ska Army (VRS) ac ti ons. So me of the evi den ce, Gro -o me ho pes, will be in tro du ced du ring a short re but tal pha se of the pro ce e dings fol lo wingthe de fen se.

Lo o king Ahead to the De fen se 7. (C) Se ve ral mem bers of the pro se cu tion te am are now lo o king ahead and pre pa -

ring for the de fen se pha se. Lead among them is STA Gro o me, who told em boff that Mi -lo se vic ap pa rently do es in tend to sub mit a wit ness list of 900 in di vi du als. Gro o me’s mainin te rest will be in un der mi ning, at a very early sta ge, the cre di bi lity of the wit nes ses Mi -lo se vic calls. He no ted that in the Br da nin ca se, pro se cu tors so ef fec ti vely un der mi ned thede fen se wit nes ses that the de fen se ul ti ma tely re sted wit ho ut cal ling over fifty in di vi du alson its wit ness list. Gro o me ho pes that he can ob tain a “de mon stra tion ef fect” so that Mi -lo se vic un der stands that his wit nes ses are not gi ving him the help he ne eds.

8. (C) Gro o me and ot hers al so be li e ve that they will ha ve far beyond Ju ne 8 un til thede fen se ca se be gins. Two main pro blems exist: First, it re ma ins un cle ar when the re pla -ce ment jud ge for Jud ge May will join the cham ber. Whi le the re is so me di scus sion of fin -ding a jud ge who can “read in to” the ca se even be fo re an of fi cial ap po int ment, Ni ce andGro o me ha ve iden ti fied a host of pro blems with such an ap pro ach, in clu ding fun ding. Se -condly, a new jud ge will ha ve ne arly 50,000 pa ges of do cu ments to re vi ew, fol lo wingwhich he or she will need to “cer tify” fa mi li a rity with the ca se. Fi nally, the sum mer re -cess wo uld in tru de just as the de fen se be gins. All in all, Gro o me be li e ves the de fen se ca -se will not in fact be gin un til well in to Sep tem ber, if that.

Fi nal Wit ness Te sti mony 9. (SBU) De spi te the tu mult of re cent we eks, the pro se cu tion was able to put on so -

me im por tant wit nes ses du ring the fi nal days of its ca se-in-chi ef, fo cu sing on Sre bre ni ca.The pro se cu tion used wit ness te sti mony to esta blish that Mi lo se vic had know led ge of thesi e ge of the city, that JNA tro ops we re com pli cit, and that Mi lo se vic had the con trol andin flu en ce to re ign in the Bo snian Serbs. Wit nes ses du ring the last we ek of the ca se in clu -ded Ge ne ral Phil li pe Mo ril lon, the French UN PRO FOR com man der who fa mo usly pro -mi sed the Bo sni ans in Sre bre ni ca that the UN wo uld “ne ver aban don them.” Al so te -stifying was the Ve ne zu e lan perm rep to the UN du ring the war in Bo snia, who in his te -sti mony sharply cri ti ci zed the UN for not do ing mo re to pre vent ge no ci de in Bo snia.

10. (C) Thro ug ho ut the last we ek, af ter a we ek’s post po ne ment due to il lness of theac cu sed, Jud ges Ro bin son pre si ded over a Cham ber that in clu ded only him self and Jud -ge Kwan. The only al lu sion ma de to Jud ge May’s empty cha ir was Ro bin son’s com mentthat Jud ge May was “in di spo sed” and that he and Jud ge Kwan we re sit ting pur su ant to

57

Ru le 15 bis (which aut ho ri zes that, in light of the il lness of a jud ge for a short du ra tion,the re ma i ning jud ges can con ti nue to he ar the ca se for a pe riod not to ex ce ed 5 wor kingdays). Ro bin son was so mew hat mo re to le rant of Mi lo se vic’s spe ech-ma king than Mayhad been, pe ri o di cally in ter rup ting or sta ting qu i etly, “it is ti me to ask the wit ness a qu e -sti on now, Mr. Mi lo se vic.” Jud ge Ro bin son has al so been very ac com mo da ting to Mi lo -se vic’s re qu ests for mo re ti me for cross-exa mi na ti on, whe re Jud ge May was nor mallystingy in gi ving ad di ti o nal ti me. Still, Ro bin son sho wed so me skill in con trol ling Mi lo -se vic and se e ing the pro ce e dings thro ugh the com ple tion of this pha se.

11. (SBU) Te sti mony of Ge ne ral Phi lip pe Mo ril lon (For mer Com man der of UN -PRO FOR): In his ca pa city as com man der of UN PRO FOR bet we en 1992 and 1993, Mo -ril lon went to Sre bre ni ca to as sess the hu ma ni ta rian si tu a tion of the tens of tho u sands ofMu slim ci vi li ans who had fled the re to esca pe the Serb of fen si ve in sur ro un ding are as.Mo ril lon ma de the vi sit to Sre bre ni ca in March 1993, when the city was sur ro un ded byho sti le Bo snian Serb for ces. Fol lo wing his vi sit, Mo ril lon met with Mi lo se vic in Bel gra -de and war ned him that a ter ri ble tra gedy wo uld ta ke pla ce in Sre bre ni ca if Mi lo se vic didnot in ter ve ne. (Mo ril lon re fu sed to be spe ci fic abo ut how he know a tra gedy was im mi -nent, but du ring that pe riod the Mu slims co uld no lon ger hold the ir de fen si ve po si ti onsaga inst the Serbs, and the town was al so on the brink of star va tion). Ac cor ding to Mo ril -lon, Mi lo se vic was able to clamp down on Bo snian Serb mi li tary com man der Rat ko Mla -dic, who se tro ops we re po i sed to ta ke the town. The im pli ca tion is that Mi lo se vic had so -me le vel of aut ho rity over Bo snian Serb le a der ship and was able to tem po ra rily avert Sre -bre ni ca’s fall to the Bo snian Serbs. Mi lo se vic co un te red that it was Mla dic who was re -spon si ble for the si e ge of Sre bre ni ca and the sub se qu ent mas sac re of its pe o ple in 1995,to which Mo ril lon re tor ted, “Mla dic obeyed no ne but him self, but when I went to Bel -gra de, I went to sa ve the pe o ple of Sre bre ni ca, and he was still obeying you. He stop pedobeying you. But thanks to you, I was able to me et with him in Bel gra de.” Mo ril lon al -so te sti fied that he so ught Mi lo se vic’s aid to stop the Bo snian Serb shel ling of Sa ra je votem po ra rily. For the pro se cu tion, his te sti mony se e med to be a mi xed bles sing be ca u se,whi le he was cle ar that Mi lo se vic ini ti ally exer ted in flu en ce over Mla dic in 1993, he wasmud dled over whet her Mi lo se vic co uld con trol Mla dic in the lead-up to the Sre bre ni camas sac re of 1995.

12. (C) Mo ril lon’s te sti mony was both com pel ling and emo ti o nal. When he tra ve -led to Sre bre ni ca in March 1993, he was ef fec ti vely ta ken ho sta ge by the Bo snian le a der -ship the re and re le a sed only when he pro mi sed to go to Bel gra de and ne go ti a te an end tothe Serb as sa ult. Whi le in Sre bre ni ca, he ga i ned no to ri ety by uni la te rally pro mi sing UNsup port to the be si e ged po pu la tion, wal king on to a pu blic bal cony and proc la i ming in toa lo ud spe a ker “I will ne ver aban don you”, an act which ul ti ma tely for ced the UN to de -sig na te Sre bre ni ca as a UN “sa fe ha ven.” Mo ril lon’s an ger and fe e ling of per so nal re -spon si bi lity for the mas sac res in July 1995 aro und Sre bre ni ca was pal pa ble in his te sti -mony. Du ring cross exa mi na ti on, for exam ple, he an grily told Mi lo se vic, “Hi story willtell that you are one of tho se re spon si ble for ha ving so wed this fe ar, for ha ving ar med, forha ving pus hed tho se who we re un le as hed, be ca me en ra ged and esca ped your con trol.”

13. (SBU) Di e go En ri que Ar ria (Ve ne zu e lan perm rep to the UN): Ar ria ser ved asVe ne zu e la’s per ma nent re pre sen ta ti ve to the UN du ring the war in Bo snia. The pro se cu -tion’s pri mary in te rest in Ar ria was his te sti mony that Mi lo se vic knew abo ut ex tre melyin hu ma ne con di ti ons in Sre bre ni ca. Thro ugh Aria, the pro se cu tion in tro du ced in to evi -58

den ce nu me ro us re ports re vi e wed by the UN Se cu rity Co un cil (UNSC) that do cu men tedin hu ma ne con di ti ons, et hnic cle an sing, and ot her cri mes aga inst the Bo snian Mu slims inSre bre ni ca, in clu ding let ters from the UN High Com mis si o ner for Re fu ge es and a ru lingfrom the ICJ re qu i ring the Fe de ral Re pu blic of Yugo sla via to ta ke im me di a te ac tion topre vent ge no ci de from oc cur ring in Bo snia. Ar ria te sti fied that the Yugo slav am bas sa dorto the UN pre pa red in for med re ports abo ut this do cu men ta tion, in di ca ting that all of thein for ma tion re vi e wed in the UNSC was ava i la ble to the ac cu sed. The te sti mony ser vesas evi den ce that Mi lo se vic had no ti ce that the Bo snian Serbs we re on the brink of com -mit ting ge no ci de in Sre bre ni ca in 1993; it al so ser ves as a se ri o us con dem na tion of theUN and the in ter na ti o nal com mu nity, who we re al so on no ti ce abo ut the im mi nen ce ofthe ge no ci de (Ar ria cha rac te ri zed it as “slow mo tion ge no ci de”) but al le gedly re ma i nedlar gely in dif fe rent to the con flict. In the co ur se of his te sti mony, Ar ria ma de harsh ac cu -sa ti ons aga inst the UN, sta ting that the in ter na ti o nal com mu nity paid mo re at ten tion tothe Ira qi in va sion of Ku wa it and did not hing to pro tect Bo snia be ca u se it fe a red the pre -sen ce of a Mu slim sta te in Euro pe.

Com ment 14. (C) The Pro se cu tion ca se aga inst Slo bo dan Mi lo se vic en ded with a ba rely audi -

ble whim per. Pro se cu tors we re too busy lic king the ir wo unds from bru i sing in ter nal bat -tles whi le the re ma i ning Mi lo se vic in ve sti ga tors (and STAs on ot her te ams) co uld onlysha ke the ir he ads in dis be li ef at the self-de struc ti ve an tics. Whi le the te am ap pe ars to ha -ve mo ved in to a ge ne ral pe riod of, in Ni ce’s word, dten te, the po or han dling of the clo -sing we eks do es not bo de par ti cu larly well for the next pha se of the ca se. On the ot herhand, Gro o me’s re ma i ning on the te am wo uld ap pe ar to pro vi de the te am with a vi sionand the whe re wit hal to deal with the do zens of wit nes ses Mi lo se vic is li kely to call to hisde fen se. One can only ho pe that Ni ce and Gro o me in par ti cu lar can find an m.o. ac cor -ding to which they can ope ra ti ve ef fec ti vely.

15. (C) Beyond the pro se cu tion, ho we ver, the cham bers now fa ce a new set of pri -o ri ti es, the re so lu tion of which co uld ha ve a ma jor im pact in how the trial is vi e wedbeyond The Ha gue. First among them is fin ding a re pla ce ment for Jud ge May. Just howthat will be do ne in the light of an end-of-May ef fec ti ve da te for the re sig na tion is un cle -ar, and we ha ve so me con cern that it has not been well tho ught thro ugh. For in stan ce, ifhis re sig na tion is only ef fec ti ve May 31, it re ma ins dif fi cult for a jud ge to be se lec ted be -fo re then to re pla ce him on the trial cham ber. As a re sult, one can ex pect de lays wellbeyond Ju ne as a new jud ge is se lec ted (or elec ted by the UN Ge ne ral As sembly) andthen fa mi li a ri zes him self or her self with the tho u sands of pa ges of tran scripts and evi den -ce in tro du ced sin ce the trial be gan over two years ago. Mo re o ver, one can only spe cu la -te as to how Mi lo se vic or the ami ci will re spond to May’s de par tu re. The trial may con -ti nue “only . . . with the con sent of the ac cu sed,” ac cor ding to Ru le 15bis, which Mi lo se -vic is un li kely to gi ve in light of his long-sta ted non-re cog ni tion of the Tri bu nal’s le gi ti -macy. In that ca se, the re ma i ning jud ges may con ti nue the trial “if, ta king all the cir cum -stan ces in to ac co unt, they de ter mi ne una ni mo usly that do ing so wo uld ser ve the in te restsof ju sti ce.” Such a de ter mi na tion is su bject to ap peal “by eit her party,” and one might ex -pect that the ami ci will be gi ven le a ve to ma ke such an ap peal if Mi lo se vic do es not doso. In any event, the Ju ne start-da te of the de fen se ca se wo uld ap pe ar un re a li stic.

59

16. (C) Even apart from the fi nal days of cri sis at the Tri bu nal, ob ser vers are al readyas ses sing whet her the pro se cu tion did what it had to do to ob tain a con vic tion on so meor all of the co unts of the in dic tment. So me cla rity in this re spect may co me with the sum -mary jud gment mo tion li kely to be fi led by the ami ci and the re spon se to be fi led by thepro se cu tion, gi ving ob ser vers a use ful op por tu nity to see whet her the cham bers be li e vethe pro se cu tion ma de out at le ast a pri ma fa cie ca se on key co unts of the in dic tment.(Even he re, ho we ver, May’s de par tu re ra i ses a con cern as to whet her a two-jud ge cham -ber can ru le on the sum mary jud gment mo tion, or whet her jud gment on the mo ti ons maybe de layed un til long af ter a re pla ce ment jud ge co mes on bo ard.) Many con si der the Ko -so vo ca se to ha ve been ma de ex cep ti o nally well, the Cro a tia ca se so mew hat less so, andwhi le the Bo snia ca se was al so well-do ne, it pre sen ted the pro se cu tion with its most dif -fi cult evi den ti ary tasks of all.

17. (C) Ni ce in par ti cu lar is fond of re ci ting his con cern for the pla ce of the Mi lo se -vic pro se cu tion in the hi story bo oks. One ho pes that his pro se cu tion te am will use themonths ahead not only to re flect on the hi story of the trial’s clo se, but al so whet her the reare any les sons that they may apply to con clu de the ca se in a less ran co ro us, mo re ef fec -ti ve way.

So bel

XVIIRe fe ren ce id: 04THE HA GUE985Su bject: Icty: Se ni or For mer Usg Of fi ci als On Mi lo se vic Wit ness ListOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Tue, 20 Apr 2004 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2004/04/04THE HA GUE985.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Con fi den tialSIP DISDE PART MENT FOR S/WCI – PRO SPER/RIC HARD, EUR/SCE – STEP -

HENS/GRE GO RIAN/MITCHELL, L/EUR – LAH NE, L/AF – GTAFT. INR/WCAD– SE I DEN STRIC KER/MO RIN; USUN FOR RO STOW/WIL LSON E.O. 12958:DECL: 1.6 FI VE YEARS AF TER CLO SU RE ICTY


Clas si fied By: Le gal Co un se lor Clif ton M. Johnson per 1.5(d).

1. (C) Sum mary: Slo bo dan Mi lo se vic – in one of his first fi lings be fo re the In ter na -ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the For mer Yugo sla via (ICTY) – sub mit ted to the trial cham -60

ber on April 13 a con fi den tial do cu ment de scri bing the wit nes ses he may call du ring hisup co ming de fen se ca se. Whi le the list it self re ma ins un der seal, Em bassy Le gal of fi cersha ve con fir med re ports that it in clu des over 1600 in di vi du als, alt ho ugh only 300 or so ofthem are na med in the do cu ment. Of the se, the list na mes the fol lo wing cur rent and for -mer Ame ri can of fi ci als: for mer Pre si dent Bill Clin ton, for mer Sec re tary of Sta te Ma de -le i ne Al bright, for mer Sec re tary of De fen se Wil li am Co hen, Am bas sa dor Chri stop herHill, Ge ne ral We sley Clark, and for mer Am bas sa dor Ric hard Hol bro o ke. OTP so ur cesare con fi dent that the trial cham ber will per mit only a frac tion of the 1600 in di vi du als tobe cal led as wit nes ses. End sum mary.

2. (C) On April 13, Mi lo se vic fi led with the trial cham ber a con fi den tial do cu mentde scri bing the wit nes ses he in tends to call to sup port va ri o us parts of his de fen se. Thedo cu ment is not strictly spe a king a wit ness list; rat her, it is a me mo ran dum di vi ded in tosec ti ons keyed to the in dic tments. Af ter each sec tion, the do cu ment lists the in di vi du alswho se te sti mony he be li e ves wo uld re but that par ti cu lar char ge. Most of the 1634 in di vi -du als re fe ren ced are de scri bed with ge ne ral pla ce hol ders, such as the ir po si tion or ro le.Only abo ut 300 of them are spe ci fi cally na med.

3. (C) In a me e ting with Em bassy le gal of fi cers on April 16, Chi ef Pro se cu tor Car -la Del Pon te con fir med that the do cu ment in clu ded USG of fi ci als. Re a ding di rectly froma list drawn from the fi ling, she said that the fi ling in clu ded for mer Pre si dent Bill Clin -ton, for mer Sec re tary of Sta te Ma de le i ne Al bright, for mer Sec re tary of De fen se Wil li amCo hen, Am bas sa dor Chri stop her Hill, Ge ne ral We sley Clark, and for mer Am bas sa dorRic hard Hol bro o ke. She said that it al so in clu ded a long list of Rus sian of fi ci als, fol lo wedby French and Bri tish of fi ci als, and fi nally, in the words of a se ni or advi ser, An ton Ni ki -fo rov, a num ber of Chomskyite an ti-glo ba lists who se pro po sed con tri bu ti ons are so mew -hat myste ri o us. Ni ki fo rov was per ple xed by the Rus si ans li sted, no ting that a num ber ofthem wo uld be da ma ging rat her than help ful to Mi lo se vic. Del Pon te said that the list in -di ca ted that Mi lo se vic was plan ning a pri ma rily po li ti cal de fen se.

4. (C) The fi ling is now with the trial cham ber and the Pro se cu tion will ha ve an op -por tu nity to re spond to it at a May 17 pre-de fen se pha se con fe ren ce in cham bers. Gi venthat the de fen se has been al lo ca ted 150 days for its por tion of the ca se, it is in con ce i va -ble that the trial cham ber will ap pro ve anything mo re than a frac tion of the list. (NB: Bycon trast, the OTP cal led ne arly three hun dred wit nes ses du ring its ca se, tho ugh its wit ness“wish lists” in vol ved sub stan ti ally mo re na mes and pla ce hol ders as well.) Furt her, any de -ci sion with re spect to spe ci fic wit nes ses is not li kely to oc cur for so me ti me gi ven that Mi -lo se vic has to de ci de first to call the wit ness, re qu est that the wit ness ap pe ar, and then ju -stify and pur sue a co urt or der if the wit ness re fu ses. The USG wo uld ha ve an op por tu nityto we igh in at the sta ge a co urt or der is so ught, if not so o ner, and Del Pon te has agreed toke ep us in for med of de ve lop ments with re spect to Mi lo se vic’s wit ness re qu ests.

5. (C) Com ment. Mi lo se vic’s fi ling do es not co me as much of a sur pri se as Mi lo se -vic has been saying for over two years that he wo uld call for mer se ni or of fi ci als of theUni ted Sta tes and ot her go vern ments. Whi le Del Pon te may be right that the list re flectsa po li ti cal rat her than a le gal de fen se, the pro of of that will be not in the three hun dredwit nes ses iden ti fied but in the re ma i ning 1300. So me of the se wit nes ses may be in si dersfrom the Mi lo se vic re gi me who wo uld be in a po si tion to chal len ge spe ci fic aspects ofthe Pro se cu tion ca se. Un til tho se wit nes ses are iden ti fied, it will be dif fi cult to cha rac te -ri ze the de fen se pha se with any de fi ni te de gree of cer ta inty. End com ment.

Sobel61

XVI IIRe fe ren ce id: 04THE HA GUE1016Su bject: Icc: Otp, Still A Work In Pro gress, Lo o king At Afri caOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Thu, 22 Apr 2004 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2004/04/04THE HA GUE1016.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Con fi den tialSIP DISDE PART MENT FOR S/WCI – PRO SPER/RIC HARD, L – WTAFT, L/UNA –

MAT HI AS/CO GAN, L/AF – GTAFT E.O. 12958: DECL: 10/13/2010 Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs],

KAWC [A tro ci ti es and War Cri mes] Ref: A. KIN SHA SA 707 B. WWW.ICC-CIP.INT/PHP/NEWS Clas si fied By: Le gal Co un se lor Clif ton M. Johnson per re a sons 1.5(b)-(d ).

1. (C) Sum mary: The In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Co urt (ICC) re ma ins very much in ana scent sta ge even as the Of fi ce of the Pro se cu tor (OTP) con si ders whet her to open for -mal in ve sti ga ti ons of si tu a ti ons in nort hern Ugan da and the Con go, ba sed on re fer ralsfrom Kam pa la and Kin sha sa (refs). The lack of any for mal in ve sti ga tion – let alo ne in -dic tments or ca ses – has al lo wed the com pe ting vi si ons of the in sti tu tion to de ve lop in topo licy and per so na lity dis pu tes wit hin its or gans and among its se ni or le a der ship, tho ughat this sta ge it is dif fi cult to tell whet her such dis pu tes are me rely early gro wing pa ins orso met hing el se. Early signs, ho we ver, are that Chi ef Pro se cu tor Lu is Mo re no-Ocam po isfirmly stam ping his vi sion on the OTP. End sum mary.

2. (C) The ICC is, as one UK col le a gue re ports, “very much a work in pro gress.” Itis gro wing both in terms of staff and wor klo ad, tho ugh the for mer is out pa cing the lat ter.Each of the fo ur or gans of the ICC – the Pre si dency, Cham bers, Re gi stry and OTP – hasbeen fo cu sing for the past year on or ga ni za tion and rec ru it ment, whi le the se ni or ma na -ge ment al so en ga ges in sub stan tial outre ach (spe ec hes, tra vel, etc.). Most of the per son -nel growth is oc cur ring in the OTP, which en vi si ons a staff of over 100 by the end of2004. The se ni or le a der ship in ter acts thro ugh a Co or di na tion Co un cil brin ging to get herthe Pro se cu tor, Re gi strar and Pre si dent, or the ir re spec ti ve de pu ti es or chi efs of staff, whowork on items of mu tual con cern.

Form and Sub stan ce Mesh in OTP 3. (C) Struc tu rally, the OTP is be co ming the most sop hi sti ca ted and com plex of the

ICC or gans, as the jud ges bi de the ir ti me by wor king on re gu la ti ons to go vern the ir work(nb: un li ke the ICTY, the jud ges of the ICC ha ve no po wer to pro mul ga te Ru les of Pro -62

ce du re and Evi den ce, a po wer which rests with the ICC As sembly of Sta tes Par ti es) andthe Re gi stry works prin ci pally on in fra struc tu re and ad mi ni stra tion. The OTP has or ga -ni zed it self in to an In ve sti ga ti ons Di vi sion, he a ded by a de puty pro se cu tor from Bel gi -um, Ser ge Bram mertz; a Pro se cu ti ons Di vi sion, who se di vi sion chi ef po si tion re ma insva cant and li kely to be fil led in Sep tem ber; and a uni que Ju ris dic tion, Com ple men ta rityand Co o pe ra tion Di vi sion (JCD), he a ded by Chi ef Pro se cu tor Lu is Mo re no-Ocam po’schi ef of staff, Sil via Fer nan dez.

4. (C) The OTP struc tu re is re ve a ling, par ti cu larly as the JCD po ints not only to acom pli ca ted set of re la ti ons among the key per son nel in the of fi ce but al so to the way inwhich Ocam po se es the OTP’s ro le. At this ti me, the JCD is a small sec tion lar gely staf -fed by for mer fo re ign mi ni stry-type lawyers and ot her analysts, whe re as the ot her di vi si -ons in vol ve small num bers of pro se cu tors and in ve sti ga tors from a mix of na ti o nal ju ris -dic ti ons and in ter na ti o nal tri bu nal (ma inly ICTY) ex pe ri en ce. As de scri bed to em bassyle gal of fi cer, the JCD is the en try po int for any com mu ni ca ti ons cla i ming cri mi nal vi o la -ti ons wit hin the ju ris dic tion of the ICC (ap pro xi ma tely 700 re ce i ved sin ce July 2002) andis the first stop for analysis of whet her ava i la ble in for ma tion pro vi des a ba sis for ini ti a -ting in ve sti ga tion. Its two prin ci pal analyti cal qu e sti ons are, first, whet her the in for ma tionon its fa ce falls out si de ICC ju ris dic tion, and se cond, whet her a na ti o nal ju ris dic tion mayal ready be in a po si tion to han dle the al le ga ti ons in its own cri mi nal ju sti ce system. As are sult, Ocam po has put com ple men ta rity – i.e., the qu e sti on of na ti o nal com pe ten ce andca pa city to try cri mes do me sti cally rat her than at the ICC – in a pri o rity pla ce in his of fi -ce struc tu re.

5. (C) The pri macy of the JCD, par ti cu larly at this early pha se of the OTP’s de ve -lop ment, ran kles the ot her sec ti ons of the OTP, espe ci ally the in ve sti ga tors, who see the -ir ro le of as ses sing and de ve lo ping in for ma tion as a pri mary one for the OTP. Ac cor dingto an em bassy con tact, the in ve sti ga tors and JCD of fi cers do co o pe ra te and the dis tin cti -ons bet we en the ir fun cti ons ha ve not led to strict fi re walls. No net he less, JCD of fi ci als ha -ve the lead ro le in the cur rent pha se of OTP work. Mo re o ver, JCD of fi cers tend to see in -ve sti ga tors as un ne ces sary at the cur rent pha se, pre fer ring in stead re gi o nal ex perts andpo li ti cal analysts who can as sess the re li a bi lity of in for ma tion.

6. (C) In mat ters of per spec ti ve, key JCD of fi cers al so dif fer from ot hers in OTP.This de ri ves not only from the ir non-pro se cu to rial bac kgro und but al so from so me of fi -cers’ pre vi o us po si ti ons in go vern ments that had sub stan tial in for ma tion-sha ring pro -grams with the ICTY. For exam ple, two key of fi cers are from the UK Fo re ign Of fi ce andCa na da’s DFA IT, re spec ti vely). In part as a re sult of the ir bac kgro unds, the se of fi cers seeit as es sen tial to the OTP’s suc cess to de ve lop po si ti ve re la ti on ships with in for ma tion-pro -vi ders, par ti cu larly go vern ments. They are in the pro cess of hol ding ‘edu ca ti o nal’ di scus -si ons with key go vern ments, par ti cu larly in Afri ca but al so with ma jor ICC sup por tinggo vern ments such as the UK.

7. (C) With this bac kgro und in mind, JCD of fi cers be li e ve that go vern ments are un -li kely to sha re sen si ti ve in for ma tion with the OTP in the ab sen ce of strong pro tec ti onsaga inst the ir furt her di sclo su re wit ho ut con sent. Ac cor ding to one, ho we ver, they are fa -cing a sig ni fi cant hur dle with in ve sti ga tors and Cham bers, which is said to be ready toadopt re gu la ti ons that wo uld re qu i re the OTP to di sclo se po ten ti ally ex cul pa tory in for ma -tion to a trial cham ber even if the in for ma tion de ri ves from a pro vi der that do es not con -sent to such di sclo su re. This dis pu te, which rings si mi lar to the long-run ning but al most

63

ne arly re sol ved qu e sti ons of whet her the ICTY‘s Ru le 70 (in for ma tion-sha ring) trumpsits Ru le 68 (ex cul pa tory in for ma tion), is put ting so me JCD of fi cers in the po si tion of ha -ving to tell po ten tial in for ma tion-pro vi ders that they can not gu a ran tee at this sta ge thatsen si ti ve in for ma tion wo uld not al so be sha red with an ICC trial cham ber. This fact le a -ves JCD une asy and con cer ned that go vern ments will be he si tant to sha re the most sen -si ti ve lead and bac kgro und in for ma tion with the OTP.

8. (C) Fi nally, the bac kgro unds of the re spec ti ve of fi ci als in the OTP con ti nu ally playa ro le in how they see the OTP’s mis sion. The for mer go vern ment lawyers, for in stan ce,do not ap pe ar to see the ir mis si ons in strictly pro se cu to rial terms. As one JCD of fi cial putit, when lo o king at a si tu a tion for pos si ble in ve sti ga tion, he ne eds to con si der not me relywhet her a cri me oc cur red and whet her a par ti cu lar per son or per sons may be su bject topro se cu tion; he al so ne eds to con si der whet her pro se cu tion wo uld pro mo te ju sti ce mo rege ne rally, just as Ar tic le 53(2)(c) of the Ro me Sta tu te pro vi des that the Pro se cu tor mayde ci de not to pro ceed with a pro se cu tion that is “not in the in te rests of ju sti ce”. Ocam pois said to see his ro le in si mi lar terms. The in ve sti ga tors re por tedly do not see it the sa meway; rat her, they see the ir ro le as fol lo wing the in for ma tion and evi den ce whe re ver it le -ads. They are ready to sco ur po ten tial cri me si tes for evi den ce be fo re the as ses sment isma de as to whet her an in ve sti ga tion/pro se cu tion wo uld li kely be per mit ted, whe re as theJCD of fi ci als see it is as fun da men tally im por tant first to gain the trust and co o pe ra tionof tho se po ten tial go vern ments in who se ter ri tory cri mes might ha ve been per pe tra ted.

Ugan da and Con go 9. (C) The re sult of the JCD-in ve sti ga tors di ver gent per spec ti ves is seen, to so me

ex tent, in the early ef forts to gat her in for ma tion from Kam pa la and Kin sha sa. The Pre -si dents of both co un tri es ha ve now ma de re fer rals to the OTP. The re fer rals on the irown, ho we ver, do not re qu i re the OTP to open a for mal in ve sti ga tion, tho ugh Em boffcon tacts all be li e ve that for mal in ve sti ga ti ons will be ope ned over the next se ve ralmonths. One re li a ble so ur ce has re por ted that the OTP is ope ra ting on the as sump tionof in ve sti ga ting three si tu a ti ons in 2005. Both JCD and in ve sti ga ti ve of fi ci als ha ve ma -de nu me ro us trips to both ca pi tals in an ef fort both to en co u ra ge co o pe ra tion and be -gin the pro cess of col lec ting in for ma tion. In ve sti ga tors ha ve go ne on the se trips pre pa -red to be gin the pro cess of in for ma tion-gat he ring, whe re as the JCD of fi ci als ha ve beenta king a go-slow ap pro ach, using the vi sits mo re to bu ild re la ti on ships with re spon si -ble go vern ment of fi ci als.

Per so na li ti es 10. (C) It re ma ins dif fi cult to as sess, from the Em bassy’s dis tan ce, the im pact of the

key per so na li ti es on the ICC’s early work. So me trends evi dent, ho we ver, and chi efamong them is that the three prin ci pals – Pre si dent Phi li pe Kirsch, Pro se cu tor Ocam po,and Re gi strar Bru no Cat ha la – eye one anot her with a mix tu re of su spi cion and be mu se -ment. Ocam po is seen to be the wil dcard by so me on his staff – a se e mingly laid backAr gen ti ne who is less con cer ned with the de ta ils than “the vi sion” and his mis sion. Theme e tings bet we en this rum pled-su it pro se cu tor with a half-sha ved be ard, the smo oth, pin -stri ped Kirsch and the vo lu ble, dyna mic Cat ha la are said to be co mic in ap pe a ran ce – butnot set tings for cle ar un der stan ding. Cat ha la, em boffs are told, has com mit ted so me mis -de me a nors of over re ach, se e king to use his con trol of in fra struc tu re is su es as a wed ge in -64

to what Kirsch se es as his turf. For one thing, Cat ha la’s early vi sion of a fle xi ble in sti tu -tion able to con tract and ex pand ac cor ding to the de mands of the pro ce e dings, ap pe ars toha ve been shel ved in fa vor of a mo re tra di ti o nal, so lidly growth-ori en ted agen da. For hispart, Kirsch se ems to be pre si ding over a re sti ve set of jud ges, many of whom co me fromdi stin gu is hed bac kgro unds and are now simply wa i ting for OTP to gi ve them so met hingreal to do (and mo ve beyond de ve lop ment of what is de scri bed as a se ve ral-inch thick setof ju di cial re gu la ti ons).

Com ment11. (C) Com ment: One year af ter they jo i ned the ICC, the prin ci pal ICC of fi ci als

con ti nue to work on sha ping and bu il ding the ir in sti tu tion. It sho uld be ex pec ted that anysuch pro cess will ca u se stra ins, par ti cu larly aga inst the bac kdrop of he althy egos, am bi -ti o us ju ni or of fi ci als, the NGO and Sta tes Par ti es’ mic ro sco pe, and an un cle ar man da te.Still, two fac tors of par ti cu lar strain ha ve co me to the fo re at the OTP. First, un li ke ot herin ter na ti o nal tri bu nals, the ICC lacks a spe ci fic ge o grap hic and tem po ral char ge that cangi ve its in ve sti ga tors and pro se cu tors so me sen se of the pos si ble. The re sult, in part, is thatthe sen se of mis sion is so mew hat dif fu se – in con trast to the ICTY‘s early rallying call ofbrin ging an end to cri mes in Bo snia the ICC mis sion at pre sent is mo re to find a ca se orca ses that can de mon stra te the ICC’s se ri o u sness and va lue.

12. (C) He re, then, is the se cond pro blem for the ICC – a dif fi culty in de fi ning what“se ri o u sness” and “va lue” mean. In ve sti ga tors and pro se cu tors are said to see it as me a -ning that the ICC sho uld be in a po si tion to pro se cu te se ri o us cri mes. But the Chi ef Pro -se cu tor him self se ems to see the ICC’s ro le as, per haps prin ci pally, en su ring that do me -stic ju ris dic ti ons ha ve the abi lity to pro se cu te ca ses in the ir own systems. He has said nu -me ro us ti mes that a sign of ICC suc cess wo uld be when do me stic ju ris dic ti ons, and notthe OTP, pro se cu te ca ses – a li ne that se ems to ze ro out the job of in ve sti ga tors and pro -se cu tors. The early pro mi nen ce of the JCD se ems to con cre ti ze this po int, which ap pe a -red me rely rhe to ri cal at first. As the OTP he ads to wards mo re for mal in ve sti ga ti ons in tothe Con go and Ugan da, the out co me of this in ter nal ma ne u ve ring will li kely be co me cle -a rer. End com ment.

So bel

XIXRe fe ren ce id: 04THE HA GUE1592Su bject: Icty: Pre vi ew Of Del Pon te Ju ne 29 Ad dress To Un Se cu rity Co un cilOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 25 Jun 2004 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2004/06/04THE HA GUE1592.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


65





1. (C) Sum mary: In her Ju ne 29 oral re port to the UN Se cu rity Co un cil, Car la delPon te, Chi ef Pro se cu tor of the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla via(ICTY), will hig hlight se ve ral is su es from her writ ten re port sub mit ted to the Se cu rity Co -un cil in May. In ad di tion to the ex pec ted items con cer ning the cur rent bud get cri sis, con -fir ming that she will con clu de all in ve sti ga ti ons and se ek fi nal in dic tments by the end of2004, and ca sti ga ting SAM for lack of co o pe ra tion, she may al so ra i se fo ur less ex pec -ted is su es with po ten ti ally se ri o us im pli ca ti ons: the li ke li hood that the Tri bu nal will slipfrom its 2008 com ple tion tar get, her no tion that cer tain “high-le vel” in dic te es may needto be tran sfer red to the re gion for pro se cu tion by lo cal aut ho ri ti es in or der to me et com -ple tion stra tegy tar gets, the al le ga tion that se ve ral fu gi ti ves may be in Rus sia, and a sixmonth de a dli ne for Cro a tia to ap pre hend and tran sfer Go to vi na. End sum mary.

2. (C) Chi ef Pro se cu tor Del Pon te will spe ak on Ju ne 29 im me di a tely fol lo wing thepre sen ta tion of ICTY Pre si dent, Jud ge The o dor Me ron (a pre vi ew of Me ron’s re markswill be re por ted sep tel). Ac cor ding to Jean-Da niel Ruch, se ni or po li ti cal advi ser to DelPon te, she will re pe at the main the mes of her writ ten com ple tion stra tegy re port to theCo un cil, which was sub mit ted on May 21. In par ti cu lar, she will emp ha si ze her com mit -ment to com ple ting the work of the Tri bu nal ac cor ding to the stra tegy en dor sed by theSe cu rity Co un cil in Re so lu ti ons 1503 and 1534 (i.e. con clu ding all in ve sti ga ti ons by2004, all first in stan ce tri als by 2008, and all ap pe als by 2010), but she will no te that theti me li ne for tri als and ap pe als is je o par di zed by the de gree to which sta tes fail to co o pe -ra te in ap pre hen ding fu gi ti ves, lo cal ju ris dic ti ons re main in ca pa ble of re ce i ving and try-ing fa irly ca ses tran sfer red from the ICTY, and the bud get cri sis for ces her to cut im por -tant re so ur ces.

3. (C) Con clu sion of in ve sti ga ti ve/in dic tment pha se: Del Pon te will ex press con fi -den ce that OTP will con clu de its in ve sti ga ti ons and is sue all re ma i ning in dic tments bythe end of 2004, the tar get of the com ple tion stra tegy. She will re port a num ber of staf -fing and bud get de ci si ons that are be ing ma de con si stent with the re o ri en ta tion of theOTP to a trial-sup port mo de. This in clu des the clo su re of the ICTY of fi ce in Sko pje, andthe sca ling down of its of fi ce in Pri sti na, in pre pa ra tion for clo su re. She will up da te herwrit ten re port by no ting that sin ce its sub mis sion, the OTP has ce a sed one in ve sti ga tion,le a ving six in ve sti ga ti ons out stan ding that are com pri sed of ele ven su spects. This will re -sult in the need for the ICTY to hold fo ur new tri als, as two of the tar gets co uld be jo i nedwith exi sting tri als. Del Pon te will al so re port that two in dic tments re fe ren ced in the writ -ten re port ha ve been con fir med and will be pre sen ted to the re le vant aut ho ri ti es very soon(re por ted se pa ra tely). 66

4. (C) Del Pon te will ex press do ubt, ho we ver, that all tri als in the first in stan ce canbe fi nis hed by the end of 2008. She and Pre si dent Me ron had war ned du ring the ir Fall re -ports that slip pa ge was li kely and we can ex pect her to emp ha si ze the in cre a sed li ke li -hood of this in her up co ming oral re port. (Com ment: She has said on a num ber of oc ca -si ons that she se es her re spon si bi lity pri ma rily in terms of me e ting the 2004 de a dli ne andthat it is the Trial Cham bers, re spon si bi lity to me et the 2008 de a dli ne. This eli des the factthat the abi lity to me et the 2008 de a dli ne de pends in lar ge me a su re on the num ber andna tu re of the in dic tments bro ught be fo re the Tri bu nal by the OTP and the ef fi ci ency withwhich the ca ses are tried by the pro se cu tors. End com ment.)

5. (C) Tran sfer of ca ses to do me stic ju ris dic ti ons: Del Pon te will no te that an es sen -tial fac tor in the ICTY‘s abi lity to me et the 2008 tar get is the abi lity to tran sfer ca ses andin ve sti ga ti ons for trial in lo cal ju ris dic ti ons. Her re port de scri bes three ca te go ri es of ca -ses, of which the first is most re le vant for com ple tion pur po ses: – In dic ted Ca ses: Twel -ve ca ses in vol ving twenty-two in dic te es be low the se ni or-le vel thres hold, “mostly ol derca ses con cer ning re la ti vely lo wer-le vel per pe tra tors.” The se ca ses wo uld be tran sfer redpur su ant to Ru le 11 bis of the Tri bu nal’s Ru les which aut ho ri ze the cham bers to re ferICTY in dic ted ca ses, ir re spec ti ve of whet her the in dic tee is in cu stody, for trial in the ter -ri tory whe re the cri me was com mit ted, the ac cu sed was ar re sted, or (pur su ant to a re centru le chan ge) a third co un try with ju ris dic tion. – Non-in dic ted Ca ses: Ni ne teen ca ses in -vol ving sixty-se ven “me di um-le vel per pe tra tors” who we re not in dic ted and who se in ve -sti ga ti ons we re su spen ded in 2002. Del Pon te ho pes to re fer the se ca ses to do me stic co -urts for furt her in ve sti ga tion and pro se cu tion. Fo ur teen ca ses (in vol ving abo ut 50 su -spects) wo uld go to Bo snia and Her ze go vi na, three (in vol ving abo ut 10 su spects) to Cro -a tia, one (in vol ving abo ut six su spects) to Ser bia and Mon te ne gro, and one (one or mo -re su spects) to Ma ce do nia. (NB: The se wo uld not fall un der Ru le 11bis but wo uld needto be “re fer red” un der an as-yet iden ti fied mec ha nism.) – Ru les of the Road and ot her ca -ses: OTP “has iden ti fied tho u sands of in di vi dual per pe tra tors in re spect of whom so meevi den ce has been gat he red” but no in dic tments is sued. With re spect to the se ca ses, lar -gely drawn from the Ru les of the Road pro gram, Del Pon te in tends to com pi le a bri efsup por ting dos si er for lo cal pro se cu tors, who wo uld ha ve re spon si bi lity for de ci dingwhet her to pro ceed.

6. (C) One ad di ti o nal ca te gory is li kely to be con tro ver sial. In her writ ten re port, DelPon te sug gests, “In or der to ke ep with the ti me fra me set by the Se cu rity Co un cil, it willpro bably be ne ces sary to tran sfer to lo cal co urts un der Ru le 11bis a gre a ter num ber of ca -ses (i.e. mo re than the 12 in vol ving 22 per pe tra tors de scri bed abo ve), even so me in vol -ving high-le vel ac cu sed.” She is li kely to re pe at this du ring her oral pre sen ta tion. This ap -pro ach is strongly op po sed by ICTY Pre si dent Me ron (see sep tel). It is al so at odds withthe Se cu rity Co un cil’s man da te in UN SCR 1503 that the Tri bu nal con cen tra te on “themost se ni or le a ders su spec ted of be ing most re spon si ble for cri mes wit hin the ICTY’s ju -ris dic tion” and tran sfer “ca ses in vol ving tho se who may not be ar this le vel of re spon si bi -lity.” Mo re o ver, the suc cessful tran sfer of ca ses even at a lo wer le vel of re spon si bi lity de -pends on the ca pa bi li ti es of lo cal co urts, abo ut which Del Pon te her self ex pres ses con -cern. Del Pon te no tes “se ve ral in stan ces of wit ness in ti mi da tion,” and even so me “mur -ders (of) wit nes ses due to ap pe ar at the ICTY.” In her writ ten sub mis sion Del Pon te is du -bi o us of the in sti tu ti o nal ca pa bi li ti es of Bal kan co urts.

67

7. (C) Ru le 28: Del Pon te is al so in con flict with Me ron over a re cent amend mentto ICTY Ru le 28 that re qu i res jud ges, be fo re con fir ming an in dic tment sub mit ted bythe OTP, to en su re that it in vol ves se ni or le a ders su spec ted of be ing most re spon si blefor war cri mes. Alt ho ugh the amen ded ru le clo sely tracks the text of pa ra graph fi ve ofUN SCR 1534 and is po si ti ve step by the jud ges to im ple ment that pro vi sion, Del Pon -te’s writ ten re port al le ges that it is con trary to the Tri bu nal sta tu te and in con si stent withher in de pen den ce. Ruch has ur ged Del Pon te not to re i te ra te this cri ti cism in her oralre marks be ca u se he be li e ves it will in vi te the Co un cil to ex pressly re ject her in ter pre -ta tion and vo i ce sup port for the amend ment. (Com ment: Whi le we are re a so nably con -fi dent that Del Pon te will heed Ruch’s so und advi ce, it is im por tant for the USG andot her Co un cil mem bers to ex press strong sup port for the Jud ge’s im ple men ta tion of theUN SCR 1534 thro ugh the re cent ru le amend ment if she per sists in qu e sti o ning it. Endcom ment.)

8. (C) Bud get Cri sis: Del Pon te will re port that the ICTY bud get fre e ze, mem ber-sta te ar re ars and a cash-flow cri sis are ha ving a sig ni fi cant im pact on both OTP mo ra leand its abi lity to me et com ple tion tar gets. The bud get fre e ze has ma de the con tract sta tusof many staff un cer tain, re sul ting in many of the best and most ex pe ri en ced in di vi du alslo o king for work el sew he re. The cur rent pro hi bi tion on hi ring has me ant that OTP hasbeen una ble to re pla ce lost staff. Del Pon te will un do ub tedly ra i se this bud get cri sis as anele ment that is un der mi ning her abi lity to im ple ment the com ple tion stra tegy.

9. (C) Sta te Co o pe ra tion with the ICTY: Del Pon te will as sess the le vel of co o pe ra -tion she is re ce i ving from Za greb, Sa ra je vo/Pa le and Bel gra de, much as she did in herwrit ten re port. Del Pon te is ple a sed with the co o pe ra tion OTP is re ce i ving from Cro a tia,sta ting that she is “con vin ced (that) the Cro a tian go vern ment is cur rently do ing every-thing it can.” Del Pon te, ho we ver, will no te that Za greb has still been una ble to ar rest An -te Go to vi na, and she plans to use her sta te ment be fo re UNSC to set a de a dli ne for Cro a -tian suc cess of six months, phra sed as “be fo re my next vi sit to this body.” In Bo snia andHer ze go vi na OTP no tes “in cre a sed ac ti vi ti es by OHR and SFOR aimed at ar re stingICTY fu gi ti ves” but la ments the lack of suc cess thus far. Her cri ti cism will be phra sed byre fe ren ce to “aut ho ri ti es in BiH,” rat her than just Re pu bli ka Srp ska be ca u se, Ruch says,she wants to im pli citly in clu de SFOR in her cri ti cism. Ser bia and Mon te ne gro re pre sents,in her vi ew, the le ast obli ging Bal kan sta te as it “has prac ti cally su spen ded any co o pe ra -tion with the Tri bu nal.” Her oral re port will be “a bit stron ger” than her po in ted cri ti cismof SAM in her writ ten re port, whe re she sta tes that over 100 re qu ests for do cu ments and50 re qu ests for wa i vers are out stan ding,” and that the aut ho ri ti es “ha ve pro ven thro ughthe ir be ha vi or in the re cent months that they are not ready to exe cu te (ICTY) ar rest war -rants.” She con clu des that “Ser bia and Mon te ne gro is the re fo re in bre ach of its in ter na ti -o nal le gal obli ga ti ons.”

10. (C) Rus sia: In a real bre ak from her writ ten re port, Del Pon te may al so ra i se thepos si bi lity that so me fu gi ti ves are in hi ding in Rus sia, sug ge sting the col lu sion of Mo -scow aut ho ri ti es. Ac cor ding to Ruch and Chi ef of In ve sti ga ti ons Pa trick Lo pez-Te rez,OTP has re ce i ved in for ma tion that se ve ral in dic te es are in Rus sia and two ac tu ally ha veknown ad dres ses in Mo scow. She will tell the Co un cil that she has in for med the Rus sianaut ho ri ti es of this in tel li gen ce and is “awa i ting the ir re spon se.” (Com ment: It re ma ins un -cle ar if this sta te ment will ma ke it in to the fi nal spe ech. End Com ment.)68

Com ment 11. (C) One ne eds to be pre pa red for any num ber of even tu a li ti es when Car la Del

Pon te ma kes pu blic ap pe a ran ces be ca u se she of ten de parts from the script. No net he less,it is pos si ble to an ti ci pa te se ve ral are as whe re a U.S. in ter ven tion co uld be war ran ted.The se in clu de (1) a re sta te ment of the U.S. op po si tion to the tran sfer of se ni or fi gu res todo me stic ju ris dic ti ons for trial; (2) sup port, if the is sue is jo i ned, of the re cent amend mentof Ru le 28 so that the jud ges can ve rify that new in dic tments are in deed of se ni or le velin di vi du als most re spon si ble for war cri mes; (3) the con ti nued U.S. con cern re gar ding thenon-co o pe ra tion of va ri o us go vern ments in the re gion; (4) a wel co me of OTP’s an no un -ce ment that it will me et the end of 2004 de a dli ne for the end of in ve sti ga tion and the va -ri o us ini ti a ti ves OTP and Pre si dent Me ron ha ve un der ta ken to im pro ve ef fi ci ency of theICTY pro cess; and (5) our con ti nu ing com mit ment to the ICTY fi nan ci ally and con cernabo ut the pe ri lo us bud get si tu a tion and its im pact on the abi lity of the Tri bu nal to ful fillits man da te.

So bel

XXRe fe ren ce id: 04THE HA GUE1715Su bject: Icty: Mi lo se vic’s Po or He alth Trig ger’s “ra di cal” Re vi ew Of Ca se By Co -

urt And Pa ves Way For Im po si tion Of De fen se Co un selOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Thu, 8 Jul 2004 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2004/07/04THE HA GUE1715.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -






1. (C) Sum mary: The trial cham ber he a ring the ca se aga inst Slo bo dan Mi lo se vic be -fo re the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla via (ICTY) post po ned theJuly 5 com men ce ment of the de fen se ca se due to the Ac cu sed’s po or he alth. Du ring thehe a ring, Mi lo se vic ac cu sed the Tri bu nal of da ma ging his he alth by ig no ring his re qu ests

69

for ad di ti o nal ti me to pre pa re his de fen se ca se and re jec ted va ri o us sug ge sti ons by theCham ber and Pro se cu tion to ease the trial bur den. In an or der is sued on July 6, the Cham -ber de ci ded to com men ce the de fen se ca se on July 14 and then re cess on July 21 un tilAugust 31. The or der ex pres sed the Cham ber’s vi ew that a “ra di cal re vi ew of the fu tu recon duct of the trial” was in or der, whi le no ting that the re was “no evi den ce” to sug gestthat Mi lo se vic was un fit to stand trial at all. Sig na ling that the li kely out co me of this re -vi ew was the im po si tion of stand-by co un sel on Mi lo se vic, the Co urt or de red the Re gi -strar to iden tify trial co un sel who might be as sig ned to the ca se. End Sum mary.

From Trial to “Ad mi ni stra ti ve” He a ring 2. (C) Com pla i ning of il lness, and sup por ted by re ports from his car di o lo gist, Mi lo -

se vic did not gi ve his much an ti ci pa ted ope ning sta te ment – the first sta ge in the de fen secom po nent of the ca se– at the July 5 pro ce e dings. In stead, pre si ding Jud ge Pa trick Ro -bin son (Ja ma i ca) con ve ned the he a ring to di scuss the “ad mi ni stra ti ve” is su es ra i sed bythe Ac cu sed’s con ti nu ing ill he alth. A July 1 me di cal re port re ce i ved by the Co urt, whichRo bin son read in Cham bers, no ted Mi lo se vic’s very high blood pres su re (200/130) andthe in jury to his he art that the ail ment has al ready ca u sed. The re port no ted that when un -der stress the pres su re is in cre a sed furt her, but with rest the “si tu a tion re turns to nor mal.”The re port con ta i ned a re com men da tion from the con sul ting car di o lo gist, Dr. vanDykman (a highly re gar ded Dutch physi cian), that the Ac cu sed be al lo wed to rest at le -ast un til July 9. (Com ment. Em bassy le gal of fi cers ob ser ved that Mi lo se vic, whi le spe a -king firmly, ap pe a red so mew hat worn and mo ved a bit stiffly, win cing on ce (a to uch the -a tri cally) ne ar his left sho ul der. End com ment.)

3. (SBU) Ro bin son asked the three par ti es pre sent for the ir com ments on the re port.Mi lo se vic an grily pro te sted his pre sen ce in the co ur tro om, sta ting that a doc tor who hadexa mi ned him that mor ning at the de ten tion fa ci lity told him that he was not fit to standtrial at this ti me. Cla i ming mal tre at ment and furt her loss of pre pa ra tion ti me due to sic -kness, Mi lo se vic de man ded an ad di ti o nal month to pre pa re. He no ted that co urt ap po in -ted physi ci ans had pre vi o usly advi sed that he sho uld work only three days a we ek. Gi -ven the need for pre pa ra tion ti me, he was es sen ti ally pro po sing that the co urt hold no mo -re than one or two trial ses si ons each we ek. He re i te ra ted his ca te go ri cal re fu sal to ac ceptthe ap po int ment of co un sel. He al so re buf fed any of the Co urt’s sug ge sti ons abo ut waysto al le vi a te his stress, such as Jud ge Bo nomy’s sug ge stion that he de li ver his ope ning sta -te ment in wri ting or the no tion, ra i sed by Cham bers, that he par ti ci pa te in the pro ce e dingsvia vi deo link at the de ten tion fa ci lity. Ami cus Ste ven Kay sta ted that the Ac cu sed’s “pro -no un ced dec li ne in he alth” ra i sed not only the is sue whet her the ac cu sed was fit to pre -sent his own ca se, but al so whet her he was fit to stand trial at all. Lead pro se cu tor Ge of -frey Ni ce, re pe a ting OTP’s long-held po si tion, ar gued that co un sel must be im po sed onMi lo se vic, con ten ding that the re a son his blood pres su re was so ele va ted was due to thestress of pre pa ring his de fen se.

A So lu tion? 4. (SBU) In its or der of July 6, the Co urt sta ted that a “ra di cal re vi ew” of the trial’s

con duct was ne ces sary and set forth the key fac tors that will gu i de its de ci sion. The Co -urt no ted that Mi lo se vic’s po or he alth has re sul ted in nu me ro us in ter rup ti ons of the trialand the loss of 66 days du ring the Pro se cu tion’s ca se. Furt her, Mi lo se vic’s po or he alth70

was li kely to re cur. At the sa me ti me, the Co urt no ted that “the re is no evi den ce that theAc cu sed is not fit to stand trial at all, but the re is evi den ce that the he alth of the Ac cu sedis such that he may not be fit to con ti nue to re pre sent him self, and that his con ti nu ing tore pre sent him self co uld adver sely af fect the fa ir and ex pe di ti ons con duct of the trial.”Furt her the Co urt no ted that when it had last dec li ned to im po se de fen se co un sel on Mi -lo se vic in April 2003 it had sta ted that “the right to de fend one self in per son is not ab so -lu te ... the re may be cir cum stan ces ... whe re it is in the in te rest of ju sti ce to ap po int co un -sel.” The Co urt then re fe ren ced the im po si tion of stand-by co un sel in the Se selj ca se andsaid that “it may be ne ces sary to as sign co un sel to the Ac cu sed, and/or adopt ot her me a -su res to en su re a fa ir and ex pe di ti o us con duct of the trial.” No ting that it is “in the in te -rests of the Ac cu sed and the bro a der in te rests of ju sti ce that this trial be con duc ted andcon clu ded wit hin a re a so na ble pe riod of ti me” the Co urt con clu ded that it was “in cum -bent upon the Trial Cham ber to iden tify me a su res for the con ti nu a tion of the trial whichare ef fi ci ent, sen si ti ve to the he alth of the Ac cu sed, and con du ci ve to the fa ir an pro perpre sen ta tion of the de fen se.”

5. (C) The Co urt’s or der stop ped short of de ter mi ning the spe ci fic me a su res it wo -uld im po se; in stead, it set the sta ge for a la ter de ci sion by or de ring that the de fen se willcom men ce on July 14 for one we ek and then go in to re cess from July 21 un til August 31.Se cond, the Re gi strar will iden tify co un sel who might be as sig ned to the ca se if the Co -urt re qu ests it. The cham ber al so re qu e sted that a new car di o lo gist, with no pri or in vol -ve ment in the tre at ment of the Ac cu sed, exa mi ne Mi lo se vic and “re port to the TrialCham ber on the fit ness of the Ac cu sed to con ti nue to re pre sent him self and the li kely im -pact on the trail sche du le sho uld he con ti nue to do so.” The pur po se of this se ems aimedless at Dr. van Dykman, an emi nent physi cian agreed upon by both si des who se con clu -si ons are not con te sted, than at esta blis hing a fresh opi nion on the ex tent to which Mi lo -se vic’s he alth can han dle the stres ses of mo un ting a de fen se and the costs in terms of trialti me if he we re to con ti nue to do this alo ne.

Com ment 6. (C) The he a ring crystal li zed two is su es that ha ve had a do mi nant im pact on the

trial from its in cep tion. First, Mi lo se vic again pro ved him self a ma ster at sta ge-ma na gingthe pro ce e dings. He threw the jud ges off ba lan ce at the out set of the he a ring by de man -ding why the Co urt had in si sted on his pre sen ce when the de ten tion fa ci lity physi cian hadpro no un ced him un fit that mor ning. (He did not men tion that the physi cian had tho ughthe was at ten ding a full trial ses sion rat her than an ad mi ni stra ti ve he a ring). He al so skil -lfully played the he alth card to pre sent him self as the vic tim of a Tri bu nal that is pre de -sti ned to con vict him, bla ming the Co urt for de li be ra tely in ju ring his he alth by re fu singhis re qu ests for ad di ti o nal pre pa ra tion ti me. At the sa me ti me that he was por traying him -self as a vic tim, he de fi antly re fu sed every sug ge stion by the Co urt and Pro se cu tion forme a su res that might ease the stress on his he alth. The re sult was to pla ce the Co urt in apo si tion whe re, short of di scon ti nu ing the trial, any ot her me a su re it to ok to help Mi lo se -vic wo uld be over his strong ob jec tion.

7. (C) The se cond is sue hig hlig hted du ring the he a ring was the on go ing im pact ofMi lo se vic’s un sta ble he alth. With the trial mo ving to a de fen se pha se, whe re Mi lo se vicmust not me rely re spond to Pro se cu tion evi den ce but advan ce a de fen se, the stress on hishe alth will con ti nue to in cre a se. The Cham ber is the re fo re fa ced with the un te na ble op -

71

tion of al lo wing the trial to limp ahead un cer ta inly for years with a day or two of he a ringsper we ek or ta ke “ra di cal” ac tion. The Cham ber’s or der strongly hints that it is po i sed todo the lat ter, and we ex pect it to im po se stand-by de fen se co un sel this sum mer. By buy-ing ad di ti o nal ti me for an as ses sment of the si tu a tion, fo res ha do wing the ap po int ment tothe pu blic, gran ting Mi lo se vic mo re ti me to pre pa re his de fen se, and get ting a se cond me -di cal opi nion on which to ba se its de ci sion, the Co urt is skil lfully laying the gro und workfor the im po si tion of co un sel. Whi le this co ur se of ac tion, re a li sti cally the only way for -ward, is de fen si ble le gally and ma na ge a ble in terms of pu blic per cep tion, whet her it willac tu ally work is an open qu e sti on. So me ba sic le vel of co o pe ra tion bet we en Mi lo se vicand such co un sel is es sen tial, and it re ma ins to be seen whet her Mi lo se vic will se ek topush the trial to a cri ses po int thro ugh non co o pe ra tion or be con tent, as he is with the Ami -ci, to ca sti ga te them pu blicly whi le wor king with them be hind the sce nes to advan ce hisde fen se. End com ment.

So bel

XXIRe fe ren ce id: 04THE HA GUE2736Su bject: Icty: “who’s Run ning This Co urt?”Ori gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 22 Oct 2004 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2004/10/04THE HA GUE2736.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Con fi den tialSIP DIS DE PART MENT FOR S/WCI – PRO SPER/RIC HARD, EUR – STEP HENS;

EUR/SCE – GRE GO RIAN/MITCHELL, L – LAH NE/GTAFT, INR/WCAD – SE I -DEN STRIC KER/MO RIN; USUN FOR RO STOW/WIL LSON E.O. 12958: DECL:1.6 FI VE YEARS AF TER CLO SU RE ICTY


Ref: THE HA GUE 2494 Clas si fied By: Le gal Co un se lor Clif ton M. Johnson per 1.5(d).

1. (C) Sum mary: A ra re ap pe als cham ber he a ring in the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri -bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla via (ICTY) ca se aga inst Slo bo dan Mi lo se vic he ard sharpand well-pre sen ted ar gu ments this we ek on the im po si tion of co un sel on the ac cu sed. De -fen se co un sel Ste ven Kay ple a ded with the ap pe als cham ber to re sto re to Mi lo se vic sub -stan tial con trol over the pre sen ta tion of his de fen se, ad mit ting that co un sel (i.e. his te am)72

ha ve be co me “inef fec ti ve” and una ble to say they are ac ting in the best in te rests of ju sti -ce and the ac cu sed. Mi lo se vic, back on the sta ge again, ma de a vi go ro us, im pas si o ned,and co gent – if of ten fac tu ally mi sle a ding – pre sen ta tion for the cham ber to “re sto re” hisright of self-re pre sen ta tion. Lead pro se cu tor Ge of frey Ni ce, with chi ef pro se cu tor Car laDel Pon te sit ting si lently by his si de, asked the ap pe als cham ber to af firm the trial cham -ber, won de ring aloud, “who’s run ning this co urt, the jud ges or the ac cu sed?” The he a ringca me fol lo wing anot her we ek of wit nes ses fa i ling to ap pe ar for Mi lo se vic’s de fen se. Endsum mary.

Co un sel Ap peal 2. (C) Pre si dent The o dor Me ron, pre si ding jud ge of the Ap pe als Cham ber, ope ned

the he a ring by no ting that the qu e sti on of as sig ning co un sel to Mi lo se vic “has been per -co la ting in one form or anot her sin ce very early on” in the trial. He re vi e wed the mainele ments of the ap peal and the pro se cu tion’s re spon se. Three cen tral the ma tic qu e sti onsap pe a red re le vant to Me ron: One, to what ex tent can the in di vi dual right to de fend one -self as one cho o ses be mo di fied in or der to en su re a fa ir and ex pe di ti o us trial? Two, do -es the Tri bu nal need ad di ti o nal and mo re cur rent in for ma tion on Mi lo se vic’s he alth – in -clu ding an exa mi na ti on by a physi cian of the ac cu sed’s own cho o sing and con si de ra tionof whet her he is ma ni pu la ting his he alth – in or der to af firm the need for im po sed co un -sel? And three, has the de ci sion to im po se co un sel so chan ged the dyna mics and re a lityof the de fen se that it has pro ved to be un wor ka ble in prac ti ce? Thro ug ho ut the he a ring,Me ron al so ex pres sed a se pa ra te, ju ri di cal wo rry – na mely, the ex tent to which the ap pe -als cham ber may re vi ew a trial cham ber de ci sion con cer ning im po si tion of co un sel.(Com ment: Gi ven this ap pe als cham ber’s pre vi o us exer ci se of broad di scre tion to re vi -ew trial cham ber de ci si ons, this may sig nal less a le gal con stra int than an un wil ling nessto re o pen a dif fi cult de ci sion by the trial cham ber. End com ment.) He al so as su red the li -ti gants, in re spon se to a com ment from Kay, that the com ple tion stra tegy “has no be a -ring” on the cham ber’s as ses sment of this ap peal, as “we are he re to do ju sti ce.”

3. (C) De fen se co un sel Kay con ten ded that the trial cham ber im po sed co un sel fol -lo wing a “con cer ted at tack” by the pro se cu tion on Mi lo se vic’s right to re pre sent him self,and he ga ve a ble ak pic tu re of the co ur se of his ef forts to de fend the ac cu sed. He askedthe cham ber not to con si der the pro se cu tion’s ar gu ments that Mi lo se vic ma ni pu la ted hishe alth to ob struct the trial and, in re spon se to a fol low-up qu e sti on from Me ron, sug ge -sted that a new me di cal exam, in clu ding by one of the ac cu sed’s own doc tors, sho uld becon duc ted (as Mi lo se vic re qu e sted in Sep tem ber). The pro se cu tion had ar gued that Mi -lo se vic had not ra i sed this is sue in a ti mely man ner, but Kay said that the im po si tion ofco un sel – the “most ex tre me” of the op ti ons be fo re the trial cham ber – ca me as a “com -ple te sur pri se” to the ac cu sed. Me ron qu ickly in ter jec ted, “how co uld it?”, to which Kayga ve a raft of re a sons sug ge sting that the trial cham ber had led Mi lo se vic to be li e ve thatit wo uld do so met hing less than im po se co un sel in the way that it did, such as im po sestand-by co un sel ava i la ble to as sist or in ca se of the ac cu sed’s ill-he alth. (No te: Em boffsle ar ned from a Re gi stry so ur ce with re gu lar con tact with Mi lo se vic that he was ac tu allypre pa red to ac cept a stand-by co un sel pro po sal. The de ci sion to not only im po se co un selon him but gi ve that co un sel the lead and aut ho ri ta ti ve ro le in his de fen se – put ting Mi -lo se vic in the se cond cha ir, so to spe ak – li kely sur pri sed Mi lo se vic as much as it did ot -her co urt ob ser vers. End no te.)

73

4. (SBU) Kay ar gued that ir re spec ti ve of how the Co urt got it self to this po int, thebot tom li ne was that one risk – de lays in the trial ca u sed by ill he alth – had been re pla -ced with anot her, the de nial of a real de fen se ca se in the fa ce of non-par ti ci pa tion of wit -nes ses and the ac cu sed. Kay con clu ded that he and his co-co un sel “are inef fec ti ve” andthat, as a re sult of the trial cham ber’s de ci sion, Mi lo se vic is not ob ta i ning a real de fen se.His sug ge sted re medy was one he had put for ward to the trial cham ber in Sep tem ber: Mi -lo se vic sho uld ap po int co un sel or re pre sent him self, put ting the re spon si bi lity on him tocon duct his own de fen se; if that me ans ta king only one day a we ek to con clu de the ca seover the next se ve ral years, that wo uld be ac cep ta ble to him. But to de ter mi ne whet herthat wo uld in fact oc cur, he said, the co urt ne eds a new me di cal re port.

5. (SBU) Mi lo se vic ex pres sed his “de ep con vic tion” that the trial cham ber ac ted asit did not for he alth re a sons but for “po li ti cal re a sons,” the re sult of a “cam pa ign con duc -ted not to per mit me to spe ak.” He chal len ged the pro se cu tion’s as ser tion that he ma ni -pu la ted his he alth, saying that a good per cen ta ge of his sick days we re from the flu, notfrom his chro nic hyper ten sion. He ad ded that his blood pres su re had im pro ved over ti -me, ad ding that the stress of put ting on the ca se in what he de fi ned as a short ti me al lot -ted by the trial cham ber con tri bu ted to his po or he alth (tho ugh he did not see that this pre -sen ted an ar gu ment for im po sing so me form of co un sel in it self).

6. (SBU) Mi lo se vic, asi de from po ints re la ting to his he alth and so me typi cal po li ti -cal po stu ring, mostly li mi ted him self to ma king a le gal ca se for self re pre sen ta tion. He ci -ted a “pe ti tion” of lawyers from aro und the world ar gu ing that his right to self-re pre sen -ta tion co uld not be mo di fied or mi ni mi zed, and re fer red to U.S. con sti tu ti o nal pro tec ti onsun der the Sixth Amend ment. “I wo uld li ke for my right (of self-re pre sen ta tion) to be re -sto red to me,” he said, and he saw no mid dle-gro und in the as sig ning of a “stand-by co -un sel” to as sist in his work. He has “no ob jec tion” to Kay con ti nu ing to ask qu e sti ons ofwit nes ses, much as he did when he was the ami cus cu ri ae (fri end of the co urt). But “theonly thing I can see as just, fa ir, lo gi cal and re a so na ble is to gi ve me back my right to callwit nes ses myself, to exa mi ne them, and to lead evi den ce in my de fen se ca se.” This is, hesaid, gu a ran teed him un der in ter na ti o nal law, in clu ding “your own Sta tu te.” Fi nally, hesaid, “I can not agree to anything less be ca u se that is my prin ci pled po si tion, one fromwhich I do not in tend to re tre at so much.”

7. (SBU) Ni ce wo uld ha ve no ne of the ap pe als for sympathy so ught by Kay andMi lo se vic. In stead he ar gued that everything Mi lo se vic said “show(s) that this man isnot ca pa ble now of pre sen ting a ca se be fo re what is ma ni festly a stra ightfor ward cri -mi nal co urt trying him for cri mi nal of fen ses.” He sho uld not, Ni ce said, be al lo wed to“ca rry on” be fo re jud ges “whom he has qu i te wic kedly im pug ned.” He pre sen ted anal ter na te ac co unt of the way in which the cham ber ca me to as sign co un sel, sho wingthat the pro se cu tion had re pe a tedly ur ged the trial cham ber to im po se co un sel to as sist,but not ne ces sa rily over ta ke, Mi lo se vic’s de fen se. That said, the pro se cu tion “en ti relysup port” the trial cham ber de ci sion and its “mo da li ti es” (i.e., the pla cing of de fen se co -un sel in the lead ro le and for cing Mi lo se vic to se ek per mis sion to exa mi ne wit nes ses).Ni ce furt her sug ge sted that the mo da li ti es co uld chan ge if Mi lo se vic we re to showhim self be ha ving in a ra ti o nal, sen si ble and co o pe ra ti ve man ner in the co ur tro om.Sum ming up, he no ted sharply, “who’s run ning this co urt, the ac cu sed or the jud geswho ha ve been ap po in ted to do so?” 74

8. (C) Me ron clo sed by sug ge sting that the cham ber may se ek furt her sup ple men talbri e fing from the par ti es on spe ci fic is su es. Ho we ver, in a la ter con ver sa tion, Me ron toldEm boff that “the fog is cle a ring” in the way he vi ews the ca se and that a de ci sion sho uldbe ex pec ted soon. Se pa ra tely, Ni ce asked em boff, so un ding an xi o us, what he tho ught ofthe pro ce e ding. When the qu e sti on was tur ned aro und, Ni ce said that one of the mem -bers of his te am tho ught the de fen se had the bet ter of it. Ni ce ex pres sed con cern that anychan ge in the mo da li ti es by the ap pel la te cham ber co uld lead to a si tu a tion whe re the ac -cu sed, mo re than ever, be li e ves he can dic ta te his vi ews to, and ma ni pu la te, the trialcham ber.

The De fen se Mud dles Along 9. (SBU) The trial cham ber met bri efly on Oc to ber 18 to re vi ew Kay’s newly fi led

wit ness list and di scuss his pro spects for get ting wit nes ses to ap pe ar. The list, which is notpu blic, is di vi ded in to ex perts, in ter na ti o nals, and in si ders and, as best co uld be di vi nedfrom con text, in clu des 138 na mes with con tact in for ma tion, as well as the sta tus of thede fen se’s ef forts to con tact each wit ness and per su a de him/her to te stify. Kay is still ha -ving vir tu ally no suc cess – the re was the usual re has hing of wit nes ses re fu sing to te stifyin op po si tion to the as sig nment of co un sel – but the jud ges did fo cus in on a few pro -spects. Two are Ger mans awa i ting ap pro val from eit her the Ger man go vern ment, the EU,or OSCE – the Re gi stry has put in the re qu est on Kay’s be half but it is un cle ar which in -sti tu tion is hol ding up the pro cess. One, Hen ning Hensch from the OSCE/KVM, ap pe -ars li kely to te stify soon. With re spect to the ot her, Di et mar Hart wig, for mer head of theECCM, Jud ge Ro bin son ex pli citly said to Kay that &if the ne ces sary con sents ha ve beengi ven, that wit ness still re fu ses to co me, you may want to in vi te the Cham ber or re qu estthe Cham ber to is sue a bin ding or der.8

10. (SBU) The de fen se on Oc to ber 19 exa mi ned Le o na Ka nel li, an in de pen dentmem ber of the Gre ek Par li a ment con nec ted to the Com mu nist Party. Ka nel li, al so the pu -blis her of the ma ga zi ne Ne me sis, vi si ted Alek si nac in so ut hern Ser bia shortly af ter NA -TO star ted bom bing in 1999. The sub stan ce of her te sti mony cen te red on pic tu res she to -ok and re ports she pu blis hed abo ut the de struc tion of the town, but much of her ac tual te -sti mony to ok the form of dra ma tic and com ba ti ve mo no lo gu es abo ut the in no cents kil -led by NA TO bom bing and the tra gedy of war in ge ne ral. The trial cham ber was pa ti entwith her but, when she cal led in to qu e sti on the le gi ti macy of the co urt it self, Jud ge Ro -bin son in ter rup ted to in form her that her com ment was &com ple tely out of or der.8 Pro -se cu tor Ge of frey Ni ce’s cross-exa mi na ti on went to Ka nel li’s as ser tion that the re was nomi li tary tar get in Alek si nac, pro du cing a Hu man Rights Watch re port al ready in evi den -ce that de ta i led the in ten ded tar get, the Alek si nac De li grad mi li tary bar racks. Ka nel li’s ir -re ve ren ce to ward the co urt and Ni ce was stri king, to the po int that many in the audi en cegal lery we re by the end of cross-exa mi na ti on la ug hing at her.

11. (SBU) Mi lo se vic did con tri bu te slightly to the de fen se exa mi na ti on of Ka nel li.He at one po int hel ped the co urt in trying to lo ca te Alek si nac on a map of Ser bia and,when gi ven the chan ce to exa mi ne Ka nel li, did ask one qu e sti on. He asked her, in En -glish, if she had been asked all the agreed qu e sti ons. She re spon ded that Kay had askedonly a small por tion of them. When promp ted by Jud ge Ro bin son to fill gaps in the exa -mi na ti on in chi ef with his own qu e sti ons, Mi lo se vic said he wo uld not en ter the trial onthe me rits un til his rights we re re sto red.

75

Com ment12. (C) Me ron has cal led the ap peal of the im po si tion of co un sel is sue the most dif -

fi cult de ci sion of his te nu re. If his cham ber re ver ses the trial cham ber, the ca se is cer tainto be held ho sta ge on ce again to Mi lo se vic’s un cer tain he alth. If he up holds the cham -ber’s de ci sion wit ho ut mo di fi ca tion, it se ems equ ally cer tain that Mi lo se vic will not en -ga ge the pro ce e dings and that only a fe e ble and trun ca ted de fen se will be put for ward.The sta kes are high: the le gacy of the ca se, al ready sha ken, de pends on ob ser vers vi e wingthe pro ce e dings as le gi ti ma te, me e ting the hig hest stan dards of fa ir ness to the ac cu sed,and pro vi ding a per su a si ve ba sis for con clu si ons as to whet her the pro se cu tion pro ved itsca se beyond a re a so na ble do ubt. The Pro se cu tion se ems uni qu ely con tent to ha ve the ca -se con clu de wit hin we eks and al low the trial cham ber to mo ve to ward jud gment. For ot -hers, who ha ve in mind the lar ger le gacy of the Tri bu nal – and its abi lity to bring re con -ci li a tion to the re gion – the re is ho pe that the Ap pe als Cham ber will stri ke the right ba -lan ce bet we en im po sing co un sel on Mi lo se vic and per mit ting him to re tain a re a so na blede gree of con trol over his de fen se, so that wha te ver the out co me, the cre di bi lity of thepro ce e dings and the in sti tu tion will withstand the test of ti me. End Com ment.

So bel

XXIIRe fe ren ce id: 04THE HA GUE2793Su bject: Icty – Tri bu nal Of fi ci als Hig hlight Con cerns Abo ut Serb Non co o pe ra tion

And Bud get Fre e ze In Me e tings With S/wci Am bas sa dor Pro sper And Eur Step hensOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Mon, 1 Nov 2004 17:55 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2004/11/04THE HA GUE2793.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Mon, 17 Jan 2011 22:27 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on

Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTC (diff from ori gi nal) Mo di fied on Thu, 8 Sep 2011 13:29UTC (diff from ori gi nal)



Con fi den tialSIP DIS DE PART MENT FOR S/WCI – PRO SPER/RIC HARD, EUR – STEP HENS,

EUR/SCE – GA U DI O SI/GRE GO RIAN/MITCHELL, L/EUR – LAH NE, L/AF –GTAFT. INR/WCAD – SE I DEN STRIC KER/MO RIN; USUN FOR RO STOW/WIL -LSON E.O. 12958: DECL: FI VE YEARS AF TER ICTY CLO SU RE


Clas si fied By: Clif ton M. Johnson, Le gal Co un se lor, Re a son 1.5(b)-(d). 76

Sum mary

1. (C) In a se ri es of me e tings on Sep tem ber 28 at the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu -nal for the for mer Yugo sla via (ICTY), Pre si dent Me ron, Chi ef Pro se cu tor Del Pon te, andRe gi strar Holt hu is struck con si stent the mes with Am bas sa dor-at-Lar ge for War Cri mesIs su es Pi er re Pro sper and EUR DAS for So ut he ast Euro pe Kathy Step hens. All ICTY of -fi ci als la men ted the con ti nued lack of co o pe ra tion with Ser bia and Mon te ne gro on fu gi -ti ves and wel co med the USG’s re ne wed to ugh mes sa ge to Bel gra de. ICTY of fi ci als we -re si mi larly re cep ti ve to ef forts by the USG to co or di na te a si mi lar po licy li ne with theEuro pe ans, lin king the EU ac ces sion pro cess with pro gress on co o pe ra tion. Whi le de scri -bing ef forts to fa ci li ta te the tran sfer of ca ses to the re gion, ICTY of fi ci als un der sco red the -ir de ep con cern abo ut the con ti nu ing hi ring fre e ze im po sed on the Tri bu nal by the UNand no ted its sig ni fi cant ne ga ti ve im pact on the ICTY’s abi lity to me et com ple tion stra -tegy go als. End sum mary.

The Pro se cu tion 2. (C) Am bas sa dor Pro sper jo i ned by EUR DAS Step hens, EUR/SCE of fi cer Jen -

ni fer Mitchell and Em bassy le gal of fi cers, ope ned the ir vi sit by me e ting with Chi ef Pro -se cu tor Car la Del Pon te and her se ni or staff. Pro sper and Step hens ex pres sed de ep con -cern with the lack of co o pe ra tion by Bel gra de and stres sed the need to re e va lu a te cur rentpo licy in the re gion in or der to in cre a se pres su re and in cen ti ves on Bel gra de to co o pe ra -te with the ICTY. Del Pon te wel co med this ob jec ti ve but ex pres sed con cern that ear li erUSG re marks abo ut the pos si bi lity of tran sfer ring the fo ur ge ne rals to Ser bia for trial we -re pre ma tu re, be ing used as a pre text by Bel gra de to ce a se all ef forts to bring abo ut thetran sfer of fu gi ti ves be low the Mla dic le vel, and, mo re ge ne rally, en co u ra ging Serb of fi -ci als and fu gi ti ves to try to wa it out the ICTY’s com ple tion. Pro sper ex pla i ned that Bel -gra de had been gi ven an op por tu nity to pro du ce re sults and that the po licy of sho wing anopen ness to sup port tran sfers back to the re gion for do me stic trail “hasn,t wor ked to da -te.” What is ne e ded, he said, is a stron ger mes sa ge to “ma ke cle ar in the re gion that non -co o pe ra tion will re sult in ex ten ding the li fe of the Tri bu nal.” Del Pon te and her staff sup -por ted the idea of a fir mer mes sa ge but advi sed that the USG sho uld avoid sta ting spe ci -fic re qu i re ments of co o pe ra tion be ca u se SAM wo uld re spond by only me e ting tho se re -qu i re ments, and then only to draw out the pro cess of co o pe ra tion on tho se few things. Se -ni or po li ti cal advi ser Jean-Da niel Ruch ur ged that the mes sa ge sho uld be, “you knowwhat to do, start do ing it.”

3. (C) Ruch said that he wo uld ur ge his con tacts in Brus sels, on the staff of Ja vi erSo la na and Chris Pat ten, to re in for ce the to ugh mes sa ge on Bel gra de’s co o pe ra tion. Hepo in ted out that in Ju ne 2004, the EU had sta ted that as long as Mla dic, Ka rad zic, andGo to vi na re ma i ned at lar ge, the Tri bu nal sho uld not clo se its do ors. Del Pon te wel co medStep hens’s fo cus on co or di na ting a to ugh mes sa ge with the EU as “ex tre mely im por tant”and said she sup por ted a uni fied mes sa ge of the sort an no un ced by the EU mi ni sters anden dor sed by Am bas sa dor Pro sper. No te. On Oc to ber 4, Del Pon te met with So la na andur ged him to de li ver a stiff mes sa ge to SAM on the need to co o pe ra te fully in or der forthe ir to be pro gress on EU ac ces sion is su es. End no te.

4. (C) Spe a king to OTP’s ove rall fru stra tion with Serb non co o pe ra tion, Del Pon tere por ted that, ac cor ding to a con ver sa tion she had with the cha ir man of the Na ti o nal Co -un cil for Co o pe ra tion with the ICTY, Ra sim Lja jic, “Ko stu ni ca be li e ves the Uni ted Sta -

77

tes only wants Mla dic and that is the re a son they are not ar re sting the ot hers.” Chi ef ofIn ve sti ga ti ons Pa trick Lo pez-Ter res ci ted RS po li ce so ur ces who com plain that the Bel -gra de po li ce are not hel ping them. But he al so ex pres sed con cern abo ut the “com ple te ra -dio si len ce” with re spect to se arch ope ra ti ons con duc ted by Serb aut ho ri ti es and the lackof fe ed back with re spect to fu gi ti ve in for ma tion pas sed by the ICTY. In cre a singly, hesaid, his of fi ce can not track Bel gra de’s work on fu gi ti ves.

The Co urt5. (SBU) Pre si dent The o dor Me ron, jo i ned by chi ef of staff La rry Johnson, fo cu sed

on the ICTY’s bud get cri sis, which he cal led a “real pla gue” on the Tri bu nal. Me ron no -ted that the main re sult of the cri sis is the hi ring fre e ze. It has af fec ted all of the Tri bu nal’smain ac ti vi ti es, from ju di cial de ci si on ma king (alt ho ugh the Cham bers re ce i ved per mis -sion to fill ni ne vi tal cler kship po si ti ons, new va can ci es ha ve sin ce ari sen) to OTP in ve -sti ga ti ons and pro se cu ti ons (OTP is he mo rr ha ging se ni or in ve sti ga tors and pro se cu tors topla ces li ke the Oil For Food in ve sti ga tion and the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Co urt and is una -ble to fill the va can ci es) to tran si ti o ning ca ses to the re gion (OTP can not staff a new tran -si tion te am to fa ci li ta te the tran sfer of ca ses to the re gion un til it can fill va can ci es). Me -ron ur ged the USG to pro vi de its as ses sed con tri bu tion as soon as pos si ble in or der to con -vin ce U/SYG Ber ti ni to lift the fre e ze. Me ron was ple a sed to le arn that the Uni ted Sta tesex pec ted to ma ke a 13 mil lion USD con tri bu tion by early Oc to ber and that anot her 10mil lion USD wo uld fol low this autumn. (No te. Post un der stands that both Rus sia and Ja -pan, the ot her ma jor con tri bu tors in ar re ars ha ve now paid all or most of the ir out stan dingba lan ces. The US paid $14.3 mil lion in Oc to ber and ex pects to pay the re ma i ning ba lan -ce of $8.8 mil lion shortly. End no te.)

6. (C) Me ron ex pres sed con cern that the BiH Sta te Pro se cu tor’s Spe cial De part mentfor Or ga ni zed Cri me and Cor rup tion has com pli ca ted the pro cess of cre a ting the war cri -mes cham ber in Sa ra je vo by is su ing a war cri mes in dic tment be fo re the cham ber hasbeen esta blis hed, the reby sen ding mi xed sig nals re gar ding the re a di ness of BiH to adju -di ca te do me stic war cri mes ca ses . Pro sper and Me ron agreed that co o pe ra tion from lo -cal go vern ments is a cri ti cal di men sion in the suc cess of the 11bis tri als re fer red to the lo -cal co urts. Me ron said that the Tri bu nal must be “very ca re ful” abo ut the tran sfer of de -ta i ne es who might be con si de red se ni or-le vel, not only be ca u se of the Se cu rity Co un cilex pec ta ti on that such per sons wo uld be tried in The Ha gue but al so be ca u se of the sig -nals that co uld send to se ni or-le vel fu gi ti ves. Me ron al so ex pres sed a wil ling ness to workwith the USG in par ti cu lar on ur ging Bel gra de to de ve lop do me stic ca pa city to pro se cu -te war cri mes, no ting that he had good re la ti ons with the lo cal SAM Am bas sa dor and ot -her SAM of fi ci als.

The Re gi stry7. (SBU) Re gi strar Hans Holt hu is ec hoed Me ron in fo cu sing on the hi ring fre e ze,

which has for ced the Tri bu nal to ma in tain a fif teen (15) per cent staff va cancy ra te, wellabo ve the nor mal 3 to 4 per cent ra te. This in clu des po si ti ons lost to nor mal at tri tion thatre main un fil led. Pro sper in di ca ted that he wo uld fol low-up with USUN and the UN le a -der ship in an ef fort to lift the hi ring fre e ze, at le ast to fill va can ci es due to nor mal at tri -tion. 78

8. (SBU) Holt hu is de scri bed va ri o us ini ti a ti ves un der way to en han ce Tri bu nal ef fi -ci ency and furt her pro gress to wards com ple tion. He said that the Re gi stry is exa mi ningways in which to sche du le mo re than the pre sent six tri als in its three co ur tro oms, no tingthat it might be pos si ble to sche du le con tempt he a rings and ot her short pro ce e dings du -ring gaps in the ma jor tri als. Holt hu is al so re vi e wed outre ach and tra i ning ef forts un der -way in Cro a tia, SAM, and BiH to help bu ild up lo cal trial ca pa city.

9. (C) Com ment: The bud get cri sis is se ve rely te sting the OTP’s ca pa city to ca rry outits re ma i ning pre-in dic tment in ve sti ga ti ons and the Tri bu nal’s ca pa city ove rall to con ti nuewith its six-trial ma xi mum sche du le. A qu ick lif ting of the hi ring fre e ze is es sen tial not onlyto per mit the Tri bu nal to com ple te its work on ti me but al so for it advan ce the tran sfer ofca ses in vol ving mid and lo wer le vel per pe tra tors back to the re gion for trial. All ICTY le -a ders are fo cu sed on the ca pa city of ju ris dic ti ons in the re gion to pro se cu te war cri mes ca -ses at a le vel that me ets in ter na ti o nal stan dards. OTP and Cham bers are par ti cu larly fo cu -sed on the ca pa city of the Sa ra je vo war cri mes cham ber to han dle 11bis ca ses as early asthis Ja nu ary, sin ce this con sti tu tes by far the lar gest ca te gory of ca ses eli gi ble to be tran -sfer red. OTP has al so be gun te sting Bel gra de’s ca pa city to con duct ef fec ti ve and fa ir warcri mes tri als by pro vi ding the spe cial war cri mes co urt the re with com ple te in ve sti ga ti vefi les in two ca ses. If the se ca ses go well, the Tri bu nal is pre pa red to add ot hers in the pi pe -li ne. ICTY and USG of fi ci als sha red the sen se that co o pe ra tion with Bel gra de is at a cros -sro ads. The pro mi sing start of do me stic war cri mes tri als po ints a cle ar way to wards thefu tu re, but that op por tu nity as well as pro gress to wards Euro pean in te gra tion will be squ -an de red if po li ti cal le vels fail to pro du ce the long over due re sults with re spect to fu gi ti ves.End com ment. 10 (U) This ca ble has been cle a red by S/WCI Pro sper and EUR Step hens.

So bel

XXI IIRe fe ren ce id: 04THE HA GUE2869Su bject: Icty – Ap pe als Cham ber Re turns Lead In De fen se Ca se To Mi lo se vicOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 5 Nov 2004 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2004/11/04THE HA GUE2869.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -



EUR/SCE – GA U DI O SI/GRE GO RIAN/MITCHELL, L/EUR – LAH NE, L/AF –GTAFT. INR/WCAD – SE I DEN STRIC KER/MO RIN; USUN FOR RO STOW/WIL -LSON E.O. 12958: DECL: FI VE YEARS AF TER ICTY CLO SU RE

79


Ref: A. THE HA GUE 2792 B. THE HA GUE 2736 Clas si fied By: Clif ton M. Johnson, Le gal Co un se lor, Re a son 1.5(b)-(d).

1. (SBU) Sum mary: On No vem ber 1, the Ap pe als Cham ber of the In ter na ti o nal Cri -mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla via (ICTY) up held the Mi lo se vic trial cham ber’sde ci sion to im po se co un sel on the ac cu sed but re ver sed the trial cham ber’s de ci sion to gi -ve as sig ned co un sel a lead ro le in the ca se. Fin ding that the trial cham ber er red in boththe law and the facts, the ap pe als cham ber or de red a re turn to Mi lo se vic of the “lead inpre sen ting his ca se.” The ru ling will pla ce co un sel in the stand-by mo de it sho uld ha vebeen in to be gin with, and is all but cer tain to lead to Mil se vic’s re en ga ge ment with theca se. Whi le this will en han ce the le gi ti macy of the trial, it will al so con front Sta tes on ceagain with Mi lo se vic’s po li ti ci zed de fen se and re qu ests that for mer se ni or of fi ci als te stifyin the trial. End sum mary.

2. (SBU) In a wi dely-an ti ci pa ted opi nion is sued on No vem ber 1, the Ap pe als Cham -ber, pre si ded over by ICTY pre si dent The o dor Me ron, ac know led ged the trial cham ber’sdif fi culty con duc ting the trial whi le Mi lo se vic’s he alth de te ri o ra ted. De scri bing at lengththe trial cham ber’s many he alth-re la ted ob stac les in he a ring the ca se, in clu ding thir teensu spen si ons for a to tal of 66 days and doc tors, prog no ses that the re was a “real risk thata li fe-thre a te ning hyper ten si ve emer gency wo uld de ve lop if (Mi lo se vic) con ti nued to re -pre sent him self,” the Ap pe als Cham ber con clu ded that “alt ho ugh the qu e sti on is clo se”the trial cham ber did not abu se its di scre tion in as sig ning co un sel over the ob jec ti ons ofthe ac cu sed.

3. (SBU) The Ap pe als Cham ber “part(ed) ways” with the trial cham ber, ho we ver,in its in ter pre ta tion of the ap pro pri a te re la ti on ship bet we en Mi lo se vic and his as sig nedco un sel. Sin ce im po sing co un sel in tru des on Mi lo se vic’s right to re pre sent him self, theopi nion sta tes, the in tru sion sho uld be “li mi ted to the mi ni mum ex tent ne ces sary to pro -tect the Tri bu nal’s in te rest in as su ring a re a so nably ex pe di ti o us trial.” The cham ber wenton to in struct the trial cham ber to de vi se a sche me that “mi ni mi zes the prac ti cal im pactof the for mal as sig nment of co un sel,” so that Mi lo se vic will again ta ke on the pri maryro le in his de fen se, as he did be fo re co un sel, Ste ven Kay and Gil lian Hig gins, we re as -sig ned. The opi nion no tes that, “(I)n prac ti ce, if all go es well, the trial sho uld con ti nuemuch as it did when Mi lo se vic was he althy. To a lay ob ser ver, who will see Mi lo se vicplaying the prin ci pal co ur tro om ro le at the he a rings, the dif fe ren ce may well be im per -cep ti ble.” It con ti nued, “If Mi lo se vic’s he alth pro blems re sur fa ce with suf fi ci ent gra vity,ho we ver, the pre sen ce of As sig ned Co un sel will ena ble the trial to con ti nue even if Mi -lo se vic is tem po ra rily una ble to par ti ci pa te. The pre ci se po int at which that res huf fling oftrial ro les sho uld oc cur will be up to the Trial Cham ber.”

4. (C) Par ti ci pants in the trial ha ve re ac ted va ri o usly to this ba lan ced de ci sion, allwith a tin ge of cri ti cism. Lead pro se cu tor Ge of frey Ni ce is, pre dic tably, up set that the Ap -pe als Cham ber re jec ted the hard li ne po si tion (i.e., that ke e ping de fen se co un sel in thelead is es sen tial and that only Mi lo se vic is to bla me for the pro blems in the trial) adop tedby the trial cham ber at his ur ging. Ste ven Kay told em boff that he fo und the de ci sion “we -ak-kneed,” and in the sa me bre ath sug ge sted that his “et hi cal” obli ga ti ons re qu i re him tocon ti nue to se ek wit hdra wal from the ca se. See ref tels. His “po si tion has not chan ged” on80

wit hdra wal Kay says, alt ho ugh he re ta ins “a duty” to con ti nue fun cti o ning as de fen se co -un sel. Kay furt her sug ge sted that he will re e va lu a te his po si tion fol lo wing the re sump tionof the ca se on Tu es day, No vem ber 9, when the trial cham ber’s im ple men ta tion of the ap -pe als ru ling will be cle a rer. (NB: The trial cham ber, ac cor ding to one Re gi stry so ur ce, hasor de red the par ti es to be pre pa red to di scuss the wit hdra wal is sue on No vem ber 9, af terwhich it is ex pec ted to is sue an or der de a ling with that and any ot her is su es ne ces sary toget ting the trial back on track.)

5. (C) Em bassy le gal of fi cers ha ve le ar ned that, as ex pec ted, Mi lo se vic is happy withthe ru ling and ex pects to be gin re ta king the lead of his ca se next we ek (tho ugh he co ulduse mo re ti me to pre pa re, it is said). Ho we ver, a Re gi stry so ur ce says that the “brid ge”bet we en Mi lo se vic and Kay “has been bur ned” and “will ta ke so me ti me” to re pa ir. Forin stan ce, a gro up as so ci a ted with Mi lo se vic has fi led a com pla int aga inst Kay be fo re theDutch bar, ap pa rently ar gu ing that his di sclo su re of me di cal re cords vi o la ted the con fi -den ti a lity of tho se re cords. (Se pa ra tely, the gro up has fi led a com pla int aga inst the Dutchphysi cian, Dr. van Dijk man, on si mi lar gro unds.) The im port of the cla im aga inst Kay isun cle ar, in clu ding whet her it is so met hing that Mi lo se vic can and will wit hdraw if re la ti -ons with Kay im pro ve. In any event, Em boffs un der stand that the Re gi stry is stri ving toavoid the loss of Kay and Hig gins, who know the ca se well and, in its vi ew, are best pre -pa red to par ti ci pa te as stand-by co un sel.

6. (C) Com ment: The de ci sion of the Ap pe als Cham ber re o ri ents the de fen se ca seback to whe re it sho uld ha ve been at the ti me co un sel was im po sed, with Mi lo se vic inthe lead but sup por ted by a stand-by co un sel in (the li kely) ca se that his he alth again af -fects his abi lity to par ti ci pa te in the pro ce e dings. Whet her this de ci sion will get the ca seback on track de pends on two key wil dcards: whet her Mi lo se vic ta kes the ba it and re -turns to ac ti ve par ti ci pa tion in the trial and whet her the de fen se co un sel con ti nue to pur -sue the ir re qu est to be re mo ved from the ca se. If Mi lo se vic re en ga ges fully, in clu dingwith co un sel, Kay and Hig gins, re a sons for se e king di smis sal will be me a su rably di mi -nis hed, and they wo uld be li kely to re main on the ca se. That in turn will help en su re acre di ble and vi si ble de fen se, al be it one that will ex tend the trial well in to 2006 and pre -sent sta tes with the po li ti ci zed de fen se and se ni or of fi cial wit ness de mands that are at thehe art of Mi lo se vic’s ap pro ach. End com ment.

So bel

XXIVRe fe ren ce id: 04THE HA GUE2932Su bject: Icty: Mi lo se vic Trial Cham ber Fo cu ses On Ap po in ted Co un sel And Go -

vern ment Wit nes sesOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 12 Nov 2004 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2004/11/04THE HA GUE2932.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments

81

This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -ble is not ava i la ble.

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DIS DE PART MENT FOR S/WCI – PRO SPER/RIC HARD, EUR – STEP HENS;

EUR/SCE – GRE GO RIAN/MITCHELL, L – LAH NE/GTAFT, INR/WCAD – SE I -DEN STRIC KER/MO RIN; USUN FOR RO STOW/WIL LSON E.O. 12958: DECL:1.6 FI VE YEARS AF TER CLO SU RE ICTY


Ref: THE HA GUE 2869 Clas si fied By: Le gal Co un se lor Clif ton M. Johnson per 1.5(d).

1. (SBU) Sum mary: The trial cham ber in the ca se aga inst Slo bo dan Mi lo se vic be -fo re the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla via (ICTY) con ti nued todeal with de fen se co un sel is su es du ring the we ek of No vem ber 8. Its three days of he a -rings – a full sche du le for this ca se – we re de vo ted to de fen se co un sel Ste ven Kay’s ap -pli ca tion to wit hdraw from the ca se. Me an whi le, Mi lo se vic, ac ting vin di ca ted by the Ap -pe als Cham ber de ci sion re tur ning the lead of the ca se to him (ref tel), has ta ken on a re -ne wed in te rest in the pro ce e dings, se ems to be pre pa ring for his ca se to be gin in ear nestand is re ne wing old de mands of the jud ges. His oral re qu est for sub po e nas aga inst for -mer se ni or USG, UK and Ger man of fi ci als was met with stiff, and ju di ci o us, re si stan ceby pre si ding Jud ge Ro bin son. End sum mary.

2. (SBU) De fen se Co un sel Ste ven Kay’s ap pli ca tion to wit hdraw from the ca se re -ce i ved the full at ten tion of the trial cham ber this we ek. Pre si ding Jud ge Pa trick Ro bin sonand Jud ge Iain Bo nomy se e med highly skep ti cal of Kay’s ar gu ments that he sho uld beal lo wed to wit hdraw in light of the lack of co o pe ra tion he is re ce i ving from Mi lo se vic.Kay told Em bassy le gal of fi cers that he felt the cham ber very much wan ted him to stayon, an im pres sion con fir med by the na tu re and te nor of qu e sti ons from Ro bin son and Bo -nomy. Af ter ne arly a full day of di scus sion of whet her the trial cham ber had ju ris dic tionto ru le on Kay’s ap pli ca tion to wit hdraw, Kay did his ar gu ment no fa vors when he ar guedon the third day of the he a rings that, in fact, his UK co des of con duct, to which he is bo -und, do not re qu i re him to se ek the le a ve of a co urt to wit hdraw from a ca se. This promp -ted a con fu sed ex chan ge in which the jud ges se e med an noyed by the sug ge stion that thehe a rings we re un ne ces sary. Mi lo se vic cut thro ugh much of this de ba te with the po in tedas ser tion to the jud ges that “the Trial Cham ber put the Mr. Kay in the po si tion he is nowin ... it wo uld be lo gi cal to as su me that it has ju ris dic tion to re sol ve the si tu a tion.” Jud geRo bin son, chuc kling, ac know led ged that it was “a very prag ma tic ap pro ach.” Mi lo se vicma de cle ar that he wo uld be happy to see Kay le a ve the de fen se, whi le lead Pro se cu torGe of frey Ni ce – cle arly dow nbe at and fru stra ted by a pro ce e ding that had not hing to dowith the ca se he re sted last Fe bru ary – pre sen ted ar gu ments aga inst ena bling Kay to wit -hdraw.

3. (SBU) To ward the end of the he a ring, Mi lo se vic was asked by the cham ber whet -her he had anything “ad mi ni stra ti ve” he wis hed to ra i se. Mi lo se vic in di ca ted that he wan -82

ted the Co urt to call for mer Pre si dent Clin ton, for mer Sec re tary Al bright, Pri me Mi ni sterBla ir, Pri me Mi ni ster Schro e der and for mer De fen se Mi ni ster Schar ping be fo re the endof this year. He said that they are “need(ed) to pro vi de a ge ne ral over vi ew of the si tu a -tion, and they per tain to all of the is su es con ta i ned in the in dic tment.” He then ad ded thathe wan ted to re call Ge ne ral We sley Clark. (No te. Kay in an in for mal me e ting with Em -bassy le gal of fi cers ex pres sed his vi ew that the Cham ber wo uld not al low Clark to be re -cal led sin ce Mi lo se vic had al ready had a chan ce to qu e sti on him.)

4. (SBU) Jud ge Ro bin son re spon ded firmly that “the re are pro ce du res to be fol lo -wed.” He con ti nued, “First you ha ve to show that you your self ha ve ma de an ef fort tocon tact the wit ness, to get the wit ness, and the wit ness is not wil ling to co me. Then youha ve to sa tisfy us as to the evi den ce that the wit ness is go ing to gi ve, that it is go ing to beuse ful and re le vant evi den ce.” He told Mi lo se vic to fol low the pro ce du re used by the Pro -se cu tion in se e king go vern ment wit nes ses. Mi lo se vic then said, fal sely, that “by con clu -si ve ac tion it has been shown that they are not wil ling to ap pe ar.” (No te. Mi lo se vic, thro -ugh the Re gi stry Li a i son Of fi cer (RLO), re qu e sted the ap pe a ran ce of the na med wit nes -ses in May; the Em bassy, co or di na ting with the De part ment, re spon ded with a let ter ex -pla i ning the pro cess by which such re qu ests are ma de and then con si de red by the USG.The Em bassy re ce i ved no furt her com mu ni ca tion from the ac cu sed or the RLO. We un -der stand that ne it her ha ve ot her em bas si es in re ce ipt of si mi lar re qu ests – the UK, Fran -ce, Ger many – re ce i ved re spon ses.) Ro bin son use fully con clu ded the di a lo gue with Mi -lo se vic by saying, “You must ma ke a writ ten sub mis sion. I am not go ing to is sue any sub -po e na on your oral sta te ment. You must ma ke a writ ten sub mis sion set ting out the cir -cum stan ces which show that they’re un wil ling to co me and set ting out the evi den ce thatyou want them to gi ve. That is what the Pro se cu tion had to do, and that is what you will do.”

5. (SBU) Kay in ter ve ned to no te that U.S. Em bassy reps had in for med him of thesteps the USG con si ders ne ces sary in or der to pro cess a re qu est for the te sti mony of for -mer USG of fi ci als. He use fully no ted that the USG con si ders re qu ests from both the pro -se cu tion and de fen se ac cor ding to the sa me cri te ria. (NB: In a la ter con ver sa tion with theRLO, Em bassy le gal of fi cer no ted that re qu ests for se ni or USG of fi ci als are scru ti ni zedwith par ti cu lar ri gor, and that a re qu est for a for mer pre si dent’s or sec re tary of sta te’s te -sti mony wo uld re ce i ve the stric test scru tiny. Em boff re min ded the RLO that the USG ne -e ded to be per su a ded not just of the re le van ce and ne ces sity of the re qu e sted te sti monybut al so that only the re qu e sted per son co uld pro vi de such te sti mony.) Jud ge Ro bin sonre spon ded to Kay’s in ter ven tion by re i te ra ting the im por tan ce of ma king a writ ten sub -mis sion that “will ha ve to sa tisfy the Co urt . . . that the wit nes ses are not wil ling to co me,be ca u se if it is not ne ces sary, why sho uld a Co urt is sue a sub po e na?”

6. (U) Mi lo se vic pres sed for ad di ti o nal ti me off from the trial in or der to pre pa re hisca se and his wit nes ses, but the trial cham ber lar gely de mur red. The trial will re su me onTu es day, No vem ber 16, for only one day next we ek, le a ving Mi lo se vic the rest of the we -ek to pre pa re. The re af ter it will re su me on Mon day, No vem ber 22, with the ex pec ta ti onof a re turn to the three days we ekly sche du le. Jud ge Ro bin son no ted sternly that if Mi lo -se vic “cho o se(s) to use the ti me set asi de by the Co urt for sit ting to ca rry out pro pri e tarywork, or for any ot her re a son you are re spon si ble for the ti me co urt do es not sit, the pe -riod of ti me will be re gar ded as fal ling wit hin the 150 days” al lot ted for the de fen se ca se.

7. (C) Com ment: Whi le Mi lo se vic has re tur ned to ta ke what he se es as his rightfulpla ce in the cen ter of the trial aga inst him, the de fen se ca se has not yet be gun with him

83

in the lead. The cham ber se ems de ter mi ned to ke ep Kay on bo ard, but the rup tu red re la -ti ons bet we en him and Mi lo se vic ma ke this a dif fi cult, if not co un ter pro duc ti ve, pro po si -tion. Me an whi le, Jud ge Ro bin son has use fully emp ha si zed to Mi lo se vic that the trialcham ber will not call go vern ment wit nes ses wit ho ut it be ing shown that they are re le vantand ne ces sary to his ca se. The fact that Kay ec hoed the se re qu i re ments in co urt furt heriso la tes Mi lo se vic, ma king it mo re dif fi cult for him to get trac tion on sub po e na re qu estswhen he has not do ne the ba re mi ni mum to me et go vern ments’ (and the trial cham ber’s)re qu i re ments. End com ment.

So bel

XXVRe fe ren ce id: 04BRUS SELS4874Su bject: Eu Co un cil Re spon se On Qu int Icty De mar cheOri gin: Em bassy Brus sels (Bel gi um) Ca ble ti me: Mon, 15 Nov 2004 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec ret//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2004/11/04BRUS SELS4874.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Sec ret SIP DIS NO FORN THE HA GUE FOR CLIFF JOHNSON E.O. 12958: DECL: 11/15/2014 Tags: PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons],

PHUM [Hu man Rights], KAWC [A tro ci ti es and War Cri mes], SR [Ser bi a], YI [Yugo -sla vi a], ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a], EUN [E u ro -pean Uni on], USEU BRUS SELS

Ref: STA TE 241651 Clas si fied By: Rick Holt zap ple, Po lOff, Re a sons 1.4 (B/D)

1. (S/NF) We de li ve red ref tel po ints to Ste fan Leh ne of High Rep So la na’s of fi ceon No vem ber 15. Leh ne no ted that, sin ce this was a Qu int ini ti a ti ve and the re was noagreed po si tion from the EU at 25, the Co un cil Sec re ta ri at co uld not par ti ci pa te in anex ter nal re pre sen ta tion of this sort. This was an is sue ap pro pri a tely han dled by the fi -ve go vern ments alo ne (he al so did not think it wo uld be ap pro pri a te to in clu de theDutch EU Pre si dency).

2. (S/NF) Leh ne agreed the po ints ge ne rally re flec ted the Qu int agre e ment. He ad -ded that del Pon te had sta ted qu i te cle arly in her me e tings in Brus sels at the be gin ning ofNo vem ber that the Ha ra di naj in dic tment wo uld be se a led. Leh ne al so said that the callfor del Pon te to gi ve the Qu int “mo re ti me and war ning” in or der to pre pa re for re ac ti onsin Ko so vo was a bet ter ap pro ach than the op tion di scus sed among the Qu int of simplyur ging a de lay of the in dic tment for as long as pos si ble. Leh ne said UN MIK SRSG Jes -84

sen-Pe ter sen had told So la na on Nov. 11 that it might be bet ter to de li ver the in dic tmentear li er and avoid the de sta bi li zing im pact of con ti nued ru mor and un cer ta inty. Leh ne ur -ged the USG to di scuss as ses sment of the si tu a tion with Jes sen-Pe ter sen.

3. (S/NF) Leh ne was al so very ap pre ci a ti ve of the sug ge sted po ints for use with Ha -ra di naj. So la na has re ce i ved let ters from both Ha ra di naj and Rex he pi abo ut the pen dingin dic tment, and Leh ne said he wo uld use the sug ge sted Qu int po ints as a mo del for draf -ting So la na’s re pli es.

Schna bel

XXVIRe fe ren ce id: 04THE HA GUE3210Su bject: Icty – Pro sper Warns That Tri bu nal May Con ti nue Past 2008/2010 De a -

dli ne If Sam Non-co o pe ra tion Con ti nu esOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Wed, 8 Dec 2004 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2004/12/04THE HA GUE3210.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -



EUR/SCE – GA U DI O SI/GRE GO RIAN/MITCHELL, L/EUR – KJOHNSON, L/AF –GTAFT. INR/WCAD – SE I DEN STRIC KER/MO RIN; USUN FOR RO STOW/WIL -LSON E.O. 12958: DECL: FI VE YEARS AF TER ICTY CLO SU RE

Tags: BK [Bo snia and Her ze go vi na], HR [Cro a ti a], KAWC [A tro ci ti es and War Cri -mes], PHUM [Hu man Rights], ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for merYugo sla vi a], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons] SR [Ser bi a]

Clas si fied By: Le gal Co un se lor Clif ton M. Johnson, Re a sons: 1.5(b)-(d).

1. (C) Sum mary. On De cem ber 6, Am bas sa dor-at-Lar ge for War Cri mes Is su es Pi -er re Pro sper met with of fi ci als from the Of fi ce of the Pro se cu tor (OTP) at the In ter na ti o -nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla via (ICTY). Du ring the me e ting, and la terwith the press, Pro sper emp ha si zed that a lack of co o pe ra tion on fu gi ti ves from sta tes inthe re gion, par ti cu larly Ser bia, co uld je o par di ze the ICTY‘s abi lity to com ple te its workby the 2008/2010 tar get and ne ces si ta te its con ti nu a tion. OTP of fi ci als wel co med this ap -pro ach and outli ned the ir cur rent vi ews of non co o pe ra tion by Ser bia and Mon te ne gro(SAM) and Cro a tia, the ir ef forts to con clu de all in ve sti ga ti ons by the end of this month(re por ted sep tel), and the de bi li ta ting ef fects of the on go ing bud get fre e ze on the ir abi lityto me et the stra tegy’s lon ger-term tar get da tes. End sum mary.

85

Com ple tion Stra tegy and Bel gra de Non co o pe ra tion2. (C) Am bas sa dor Pro sper, jo i ned by Em bassy le gal of fi cers, met for ne arly an ho -

ur on De cem ber 6 with De puty Pro se cu tor Da vid Tol bert, Chi ef of In ve sti ga ti ons Pa trickLo pez-Te rez, and po lit cal advi sers An ton Ni ki fo rov and Jean-Da niel Ruch. Pro sper re i te -ra ted the U.S. po si tion that Ser bia and Mon te ne gro (SAM), and to a les ser ex tent Cro a tia,ha ve not co o pe ra ted ade qu a tely with the ICTY on tran sfe ring fu gi ti ves to the Tri bu nal, the -reby je o par di zing the Tri bu nal’s abi lity to me et the 2008/20010 tar gets for com ple ting itswork. Pro sper ob ser ved that if if SAM’s lack of co o pe ra tion con ti nued, the ICTY may ha -ve to advi se the UN Se cu rity Co un cil (UNSC) that the com ple tion tar gets we re at risk andsug gest new tar get da tes in its next re port to the Co un cil in the spring. Pro sper ex pla i ned:“2008 (for com ple ting all ICTY tri als) is a goal, not a de a dli ne.” Tol bert wel co med thismes sa ge, no ting that its ex pec ta ti on that all in dic te es must co me to The Ha gue be fo re theTri bu nal co uld fi nish its work hel ped clo se an im por tant gap in pre vi o us USG sta te mentsthat had fo cu sed ex clu si vely on the tran sfer of Ka rad zic, Mla dic, and Go to vi na. Se pa ra -tely, Po li ti cal Advi ser Ruch no ted that the re cent pro vi si o nal re le a se of Fran ki Si ma to vicand Jo vi ca Sta ni sic was ex tre mely wor ri so me to OTP, which is con cer ned that the two willen ga ge in wit ness in ti mi da tion and, in any event, will not re turn to The Ha gue. (NB: Heasked that the USG mo ni tor the ac ti vi ti es of the two to the ex tent pos si ble, gi ven his vi ewthat they had the abi lity to de sta bi li ze the si tu a tion in Bel gra de.)

Cro a tian Co o pe ra tion3. (C) OTP’s vi ews on Cro a tian co o pe ra tion ha ve so u red sin ce the Chi ef Pro se cu tor

pre ma tu rely ga ve Za greb high marks ear li er this year, when she af fir med to EU in ter lo cu -tors that Za greb was ‘fully co o pe ra ting’ with the ICTY. OTP Chi ef of In ve sti ga ti ons Lo -pez-Te rez de scri bed Cro a tian co o pe ra tion now as “good, but not out stan ding.” With re -spect to do cu men tary ac cess, one area whe re Za greb has been strong for so me ti me, Lo -pez-Ter res said that OTP in ve sti ga tors had re cently di sco ve red a cac he of im por tant do cu -ments that had been hid den from them whi le ha ving been ma de ava i la ble to de fen se at tor -neys. He sug ge sted that so me of the ma te rial co uld ha ve been re le vant to the pro se cu tionof Ge ne ral Ti ho mir Bla skic, who se sen ten ce was dra sti cally re du ced ear li er this year. Lo -pez-Ter res, de spi te sa tis fac tion with ac cess to cer tain po li ce and in tel li gen ce so ur ces, con -ti nu es to see a strong sup port net work for fu gi ti ve An te Go to vi na wit hin the sta te at dif fe -rent le vels. “Who is Cro a tia?” is the qu e sti on on his mind, as he is un su re who in the go -vern ment be ars prin ci pal re spon si bi lity for fa i ling to ap pre hend Go to vi na. The re cent sur -ren der of Mi ro slav Bra lo – who was tran sfer red to Bo snia and SFOR by Cro a tian aut ho -ri ti es just a day af ter they in for med the OTP that they co uld not lo ca te him – sug ge sted toLo pez-Te rez that the Cro ats “shot them sel ves in the fo ot.” Lo pez-Ter res sur mi zed that theGOC’s de si re to cla im pu blic cre dit for the sur ren der had over rid den the ir need to re maincon si stent with the ir pre vi o us de ni als. Lo pez-Te rez said that this in ci dent sug ge sted thatZa greb co uld ap pre hend wan ted in dic tee An te Go to vi na if it cho se to ma ke that hap pen.

Bud get Fre e ze4. (C) OTP of fi ci als con ti nued to la ment the lack of ICTY re so ur ces re sul ting from

the on go ing hi ring fre e ze. The fre e ze was re sul ting in a re cord high va cancy ra te at theTri bu nal and pre ven ting the OTP from staf fing a te am to help tran sfer ca ses to the re gionfor do me stic tri als. Ho pes we re high, ho we ver, that a me e ting this we ek of the UN Sec -86

re tary Ge ne ral with Tri bu nal he ads wo uld bre ak a sta le ma te over the bud get fre e ze. Asre por ted in sep tel, le gal of fi cers sub se qu ently le ar ned that SyG An nan had com mit ted tolift the fre e ze as soon as Ja pan paid its out stan ding con tri bu tion. (NB. Ja pan owes ro ughly10 mil lion dol lars to the ICTY and ro ughly 8 mil lion dol lars to the IC TR, and has pro -mi sed to pay both by year’s end).

Press 5. (U) Pro sper spo ke to mem bers of the press in the ICTY lobby, stres sing the mes -

sa ge that Pri me Mi ni ster Ko stu ni ca be ars re spon si bi lity for the lack of Serb co o pe ra tionwith the Tri bu nal, that SAM inac tion on tran sfers ri sked an ex ten si on of the Tri bu nal’swork, and that, un til co o pe ra tion im pro ves, the Uni ted Sta tes co uld not sup port tran sferof tri als to the re gion. He re i te ra ted the se po ints la ter in me e tings with re por ters from thele a ding Dutch new spa per NRC Han del sblad and Le Mon de. Sub se qu ent re ports from thewi re ser vi ces, which we re pic ked up in the In ter na ti o nal He rald Tri bu ne and ot her pa pers,emp ha si zed the po int that the Tri bu nal might con ti nue its work past 2008/2010 de a dli nesif Serb non-co o pe ra tion on fu gi ti ves con ti nued.

6. (U) This ca ble has been cle a red by Am bas sa dor Pro sper. Rus sel

XXVIIRe fe ren ce id: 05THE HA GUE2309Su bject: Am bas sa dor’s Par ting Tho ughts On Ta king The Dutch To The Next Le velOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Mon, 22 Aug 2005 17:01 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec retSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2005/08/05THE HA GUE2309.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 16 Dec 2010 10:15 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on

Fri, 21 Jan 2011 20:36 UTC (diff from ori gi nal) Mo di fied on Fri, 18 Mar 2011 01:31UTC (diff from ori gi nal) Mo di fied on Thu, 8 Sep 2011 13:29 UTC (diff from ori gi nal)

Me dia: La Fran ce à l’ONU: ”Une pu is san ce intéressée” – Sur vie Fran ceCom ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Sec retSIP DISE.O. 12958: DECL: 08/18/2025 Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs],

PTER [Ter ro rists and Ter ro rism], ECON [E co no mic Con di ti ons], EAID [Fo re ign Eco -no mic As si stan ce], NL [Net her lands], EUN [E u ro pean Uni on], USUN

Clas si fied By: AM BAS SA DOR CLIF FORD SO BEL FOR RE A SONS 1.4 (B)AND (D).

1. (S) Sum mary: With the EU di vi ded and its di rec tion un cer tain, the Dutch ser ve asa vi tal tran sa tlan tic an chor in Euro pe. As one of the ori gi nal six EU mem bers, the Dutch

87

ally with the Bri tish to co un ter Fran co-Ger man ef forts to ste er Euro pe off a tran sa tlan ticco ur se. The Net her lands’ so lid Euro pean and in ter na ti o nal cre den ti als cre a te a po wer ful“mul ti pli er” ef fect. In Iraq, Dutch for ces pro vi ded the physi cal and po li ti cal co ver for Ja -pan to de ploy and the Dutch are using the ir NA TO Tra i ning Mis sion com mit ment to pushot hers to do mo re. In Afg ha ni stan, the Dutch dro ve much of the Pha se III plan ning forISAF and de ployed Dutch tro ops in com bat ope ra ti ons for the first ti me in mo re than 30years. The Dutch ha ve led Euro pe in la un ching pi lot pro jects to strengthen in ter na ti o nalco un ter ter ro rism co o pe ra tion, and ini ti a ted the U.S.-EU di a lo gue on ter ro rist fi nan cingwhich laid the gro und work for a pro po sed ma jor in ter na ti o nal Ter ro rism Fi nan cing Con -fe ren ce in 2006.

2. (S) (Sum mary con ti nued) The Dutch are ex pan ding the ir le a der ship beyond Euro -pe. Dutch stra te gic in te rests in the Ca rib bean ma ke them lo gi cal part ners to co un ter Ve -ne zu e lan med dling in the re gion. They are ex pan ding the ir mi li tary in vol ve ment in Afri -ca, in part to pro vi de a se cu re en vi ron ment for the ir ro bust de ve lop ment as si stan ce pro -gram, and in part to add “eyes and ears” on the gro und. In the Mid dle East, the Dutchenjoy good re la ti ons with Israel and the Pa le sti ni ans and wo uld wel co me a mo re ac ti vero le; they qu ickly pro mi sed funds for an ex pan ded Mul ti na ti o nal Ob ser ver For ce (MFO)and might, un der the right cir cum stan ces, com mit tro ops. Even in are as whe re we di sa -gree, such as drugs and traf fic king in per sons, Dutch vi ews may be shif ting. As the he a -dqu ar ters for ma jor in ter na ti o nal le gal in sti tu ti ons, the Net her lands of fers a uni que op por -tu nity for advan cing fo re ign po licy go als far beyond Dutch bor ders.

3. (S) (Sum mary con ti nued) The co a li tion go vern ment, he a ded by PM Bal ke nen de,is na tu rally in cli ned to work clo sely with the U.S. The ba lan ce co uld shift to ward Brus -sels, ho we ver, if a cen ter-left go vern ment co mes to po wer in 2007 (or ear li er), as pre dic -ted by most polls. The ne arly one mil lion Mu slim im mi grants are lar gely non-in te gra ted,which is for cing the Dutch to qu e sti on long-stan ding as sump ti ons abo ut Dutch “to le ran -ce” and “iden tity.” The mur der of Theo van Gogh fo cu sed at ten tion on Isla mic ex tre -mism, and the Dutch feel they are ahead of much of Euro pe in ad dres sing this gro wingpro blem. Strengthe ning U.S.-Dutch ti es ac ross the po li ti cal spec trum is ne ces sary to en -su re that the Dutch con ti nue to en list ot hers to pur sue in te rests in li ne with the U.S., espe -ci ally in the po li ti cal-mi li tary sphe re. Early and ac ti ve con sul ta ti ons are the key to har nes -sing Dutch ener gi es in en han ced pur su it of U.S. in te rests. End sum mary.

Le a ders in Euro pe 4. (S) Along with the Bri tish, the Dutch form a strong, re li a ble tran sa tlan tic an chor

in Euro pe. As a fo un ding mem ber of NA TO, one of the ori gi nal six mem bers of the EU,and Bri tain’s stron gest ally on con ti nent, the Dutch are an in flu en tial vo i ce in Euro pe de -spi te ha ving a po pu la tion of just un der 16 mil lion. Pri me Mi ni ster Bal ke nen de sta tes of -ten that the Dutch “ta ke the ir re spon si bi li ti es se ri o usly” and the re fo re ex pect to be he ard.Whi le the Dutch “no” to the EU’s con sti tu ti o nal tre aty em bar ras sed Bal ke nen de, the vo -te re ve a led that the se arch for EU in te gra tion and con sen sus has its li mits, cap ping a trendthat star ted in the 90’s with then Li be ral Party le a der (and la ter EU Com mis si o ner) FritzBol ke stein’s pro po sals to re de fi ne the sco pe of Euro pean in te gra tion to pro tect Dutch na -ti o nal in te rests.

5. (S) With the French-Ger man en gi ne of Euro pean in te gra tion stal led, Ger manelec ti ons pen ding, and the EU una ble to agree on fi nan ces, le a der ship op por tu ni ti es for88

the Dutch are gro wing. This trend is en han ced by the gra vi ta tion of EU de ci sion ma kingto smal ler gro ups, as Dutch par ti ci pa tion can ma ke or bre ak in ter nal gro u pings. TheDutch and Ita lian re fu sal to at tend a “gro up of six” me e ting re cently pro po sed by Schro -e der, for exam ple, ef fec ti vely squ el ched his ini ti a ti ve. The Bri tish Am bas sa dor he re re -cently con fi ded that Bla ir se es the Dutch as es sen tial to pur su ing his Euro pean ob jec ti vesand en su ring that tran sa tlan tic re la ti ons re main high on the Euro pean agen da. The le a dersof the Net her lands, UK, Nor way, Den mark, and Swe den al ready me et qu i etly se ve ral ti -mes a year to co or di na te po si ti ons pri or to EU Co un cil and ot her high-le vel EU me e tings.

6. (S) Dutch le a der ship wit hin the EU do es not we a ken the ir com mit ment to NA -TO, whe re they are “go-to guys” for re sol ving po ten tial EU-NA TO con flicts. The ir ac ti -ve, if of ten be hind the sce nes, sup port for NA TO SYG (and for mer Dutch Fo re ign Mi ni -ster) Ja ap de Ho op Schef fer, as well as the ir com mit ment to the NRF (and SRF, ISAF,and NTM-I), ha ve hel ped push back ef forts, such as Ter vu ren, which might ot her wi secre a te ten si ons bet we en the NRF and EU bat tle gro ups or ot her emer ging ESDP ca pa bi -li ti es. Fo re ign Mi ni ster Bot re cently pro po sed re struc tu ring NA TO’s de ci sion-ma kingand fun ding mec ha nisms to ma ke them mo re ef fec ti ve. The ap po int ment of Her manScha per, the for mer de puty di rec tor ge ne ral of po li ti cal af fa irs at the Dutch MFA and agood fri end of the U.S., as the new Dutch perm rep to NA TO sho uld cre a te mo re op por -tu ni ti es for pro duc ti ve co o pe ra tion.

Po li ti cal-Mi li tary Co o pe ra tion Beyond the EU7. (S) The Dutch are in cre a singly awa re that stra te gic in te rests out si de Euro pe war -

rant the ir at ten tion and le a der ship, espe ci ally in the po li ti cal-mi li tary sphe re. For exam -ple: – Ve ne zu e la: The Dutch ha ve stra te gic in te rests in the Ca rib bean (i.e., the Net her -lands An til les and Aru ba) and are de eply con cer ned abo ut Cha vez’ med dling in the re -gion. As a Ca rib bean po wer, the Dutch ha ve good re a sons to lead an ef fort to ba lan ce tra -di ti o nal Spa nish do mi nan ce on La tin Ame ri can is su es in the EU, but the U.S. and ot herswill need to push them to ta ke this ro le. The Dutch are ac ti ve part ners in re gi o nal drugen for ce ment ef forts, and re cently de mon stra ted the ir abi lity to de ploy mi li tary for ces (F-16’s) on short no ti ce. Per su a ding the Dutch to co un ter Cha vez’s de sta bi li za tion ef fortsmo re ac ti vely wo uld gi ve us a re li a ble Euro pean part ner in the re gion. – Afg ha ni stan: Ac -cor ding to CENT COM, the Dutch to ok a strong lead in or ga ni zing and so li ci ting for cesto staff ISAF Pha se III, and are now pre pa ring to de ploy up to 1,400 per son nel in co njun -ction with Bri tish, Ca na dian, and pos sibly Austra lian for ces. Se pa ra tely, the Dutch de -ployment of Spe cial For ces in a com bat ro le re pre sents a ma jor shift in Dutch pri o ri ti esaway from pe a ce-ke e ping to com bat mis si ons for the first ti me sin ce the 1960’s. TheDutch re main a strong sup por ter in the war on ter ro rism in Afg ha ni stan. We sho uld en -co u ra ge them both to con ti nue to ma ke sig ni fi cant con tri bu ti ons, and to push ot hers to domo re. – Afri ca: Se ni or Dutch mi li tary of fi ci als say they are con si de ring ex pan ding the irmi li tary pre sen ce in Afri ca to in clu de Bu run di, Rwan da, Eastern Con go, Bot swa na, Zam -bia, and Ivory Co ast, ad ding new “eyes and ears” on the gro und. The Dutch ha ve re qu e -sted em bed ding a cell at EUCOM (si mi lar to that al ready ope ra ting in CENT COM) toco or di na te the ir ac ti ons with the U.S. and ot her al li es. One ob jec ti ve of the Dutch mi li -tary de ployments is to pro vi de a se cu re en vi ron ment for what is al ready one of the mostam bi ti o us as si stan ce pro grams in the world. The Dutch are the fo urth lar gest pro vi der ofas si stan ce to Afri ca world-wi de. In 2005 they esta blis hed a 110 mil lion Euro Sta bi lity

89

Fund for se cu rity sec tor re form in the Afri can Gre at La kes Re gion and Su dan (as well asAfg ha ni stan and Iraq.) Dutch de ployments in Afri ca ha ve so lid sup port in Par li a ment,whi le the fo cus on se cu rity as an aspect of de ve lop ment pro vi des an at trac ti ve ju sti fi ca -tion for po ten tial Euro pean part ners. We sho uld not only en co u ra ge the Dutch to in cre a -se the ir di rect in vol ve ment in Afri ca, but al so ex plo re whet her the Dutch co uld act as a“cle a ring ho u se” for ot her in te re sted par ti es. – Iraq: The Dutch we re in stru men tal in pro -vi ding early lo gi stic sup port to U.S. for ces in Iraq (in clu ding per mit ting tran sship mentsthro ugh Rot ter dam when ot her ports in Euro pe wo uld not.) The Dutch de ployed 1,200tro ops di rectly to the so ut hern pro vin ce of al-Mut han na for 20 months, in clu ding twocon tro ver sial ex ten si ons. Alt ho ugh the Dutch ha ve sin ce wit hdrawn from al-Mut han na,the ir pre sen ce pro vi ded the po li ti cal and mi li tary co ver ne ces sary for Ja pan to com mitfor ces. The Dutch pro vi ded 25 tra i ners for the NA TO Tra i ning Mis sion in Iraq, and ha veof fe red to pro vi de up to 100 if ot her co un tri es wo uld ma ke com pa ra ble con tri bu ti ons. Wesho uld ur ge the Dutch to con ti nue to push the ir EU and NA TO part ners to do mo re inIraq. – Mid dle East: The Dutch enjoy a re pu ta tion for “ba lan ce” al most uni que in Euro -pe, as they are strong sup por ters of Israel, yet tru sted by Arabs. Gi ven Fo re ign Mi ni sterBot’s ex pres sed wil ling ness to ta ke a mo re ac ti ve re gi o nal ro le. We sho uld lo ok for op -por tu ni ti es to har ness Dutch in te rest thro ugh par ti ci pa tion in the Fo rum for the Fu tu re andot her ini ti a ti ves. The Dutch ha ve al ready pro mi sed to ma ke a fi nan cial con tri bu tion to anex pan ded Mul ti na ti o nal Ob ser ver For ce (MFO) if asked, and, un der the right cir cum stan -ces, might be pre pa red to send pe a ce-ke e pers to the re gion as well.

8. (S) The se com mit ments de mon stra te how the Dutch “ta ke the ir re spon si bi li ti esse ri o usly” in prac ti ce by com mit ting real re so ur ces – mo ney, tro ops, hard wa re, and po li -ti cal ca pi tal – to tac kle real pro blems, as well as the ir “mul ti pli er” ef fect in the po li ti cal-mi li tary re alm. The fact that the Dutch are pro vi ding the head (Pe ter Fe ith) and ob ser versto the EU’s new mo ni to ring mis sion in Aceh is the la test exam ple of the ir as su ming le a -der ship of an im por tant in ter na ti o nal mis sion in a re gion whe re they feel spe cial ti es (aswit nes sed by FM Bot’s hi sto ric de ci sion this year to at tend the com me mo ra tion of In do -ne sian in de pen den ce, the first such vi sit by a se ni or Dutch of fi cial sin ce In do ne sian in de -pen den ce).

9. (S) The Dutch ha ve one of the lar gest, most ge o grap hi cally di ver se de ploymentsof mi li tary for ces in the world, with mo re tro ops de ployed as a per cen ta ge of the ir to talfor ces than any ot her ally. De fen se Mi ni ster Kamp and CHOD Ber lijn re cently re struc -tu red the Dutch mi li tary to eli mi na te layers of bu re a uc racy, in clu ding in de pen dent ser vi -ce chi efs, the reby cre a ting a le a ner, mo re de ployable for ce. Kamp and Ber lijn be li e vefirmly in the “use or lo se” prin ci ple, and ha ve ac cor dingly so ught in cre a singly chal len -ging ope ra ti ons – such as the Spe cial For ces de ployment to Afg ha ni stan and po ten tialope ra ti ons in sub-Sa ha ran Afri ca. The ir de si re to ma xi mi ze the mi li tary’s ca pa bi li ti es andthe ir pre fe ren ce for U.S. equ ip ment, even when al ter na ti ve Euro pean sup pli ers exist, ma -ke the Dutch strong sup por ters of the Jo int Stri ke Fig hter (JSF) pro gram. The Dutch areone of only two co un tri es (Italy is the ot her) who se fi nan cial con tri bu ti ons me rit Ti er IIsta tus in JSF de ve lop ment. Ber lijn is pus hing to lock in an early com mit ment for 50 pla -nes (out of a to tal of 85) to pre vent JSF from be co ming an is sue in the 2007 elec ti ons.The Dutch are al so se e king Tac ti cal To ma hawks for Dutch fri ga tes, ad di ti o nal lift ca pa -city (CH-47, C-130, KDC-10), and are con ti nu ing to up da te the ir re ma i ning hard wa re(AH-64D, F-16’s, Pa tri ot Mis si le System, etc.) all of which are fo cu sed on me e ting the -90

ir Pra gue Ca pa bi lity Com mit ment ob jec ti ves as well as the ir abi lity to su stain ex ten dedex pe di ti o nary ope ra ti ons out si de the Euro pean the a ter.

Co un ter ter ro rism Co o pe ra tion10. (S) Fa ced with gro wing thre ats in the ir own co un try, as wit nes sed by the mur -

der of Theo van Gogh in No vem ber 2004, the Dutch be li e ve they are in the fo re front ofEuro pe with re gard to co un ter ter ro rism, ar gu ing that le gi sla tion and ot her steps ear li eradop ted by the Dutch are only now be ing con si de red in co un tri es li ke the UK and Italy.Led by Ju sti ce Mi ni ster Don ner and Fi nan ce Mi ni ster Zalm, the Dutch we re the first inEuro pe to im ple ment the Con ta i ner Se cu rity Ini ti a ti ve (CSI), Ra di o lo gi cal Ga tes, DOE’sMe ga ports pro gram, U.S. Cu stoms’ Green La ne Pro gram, and, soon, Tru sted Flyers. Chi -na has en ga ged the Dutch on next ge ne ra tion pro to cols and stan dards for tran sport se cu -rity, in cludng RFID tec hno logy. It will be im por tant to mo ni tor and work with the Dutchas they work with Chi na. The Dutch ha ve al so ex pres sed an in te rest to par ti ci pa te inDHS’s “Cen ters of Ex cel len ce.” Whi le the EU was ar gu ing with us and it self over re le -a sing per so nal re cords to air li nes, the Dutch al lo wed U.S. im mi gra tion te ams (IAP) toope ra te at Schi pol air port. The Dutch we re in stru men tal in pus hing the EU in 2003 to de -sig na te Ha mas in its en ti rety as a ter ro rist en tity; an EU-wi de de sig na tion of the Dutchbranch of the Al-Aq sa fol lo wed. Du ring the ir EU Pre si dency the Dutch ho sted an EU-wi de se mi nar to ra i se awa re ness of ter ro rist fi nan cing is su es and ha ve of fe red to host ama jor in ter na ti o nal con fe ren ce on the sa me su bject in 2006. The Dutch con ti nue to pushfor EU de sig na tion of Hi zbal lah in its en ti rety and to strengthen the EU’s “Cle a ring ho u -se” de sig na tion pro cess. Gi ven the ir re cord, we sho uld con ti nue to lo ok to the Dutch tola unch jo int pi lot pro grams in Euro pe, and, mo re ge ne rally, to push co un ter ter ro rism is -su es to the top of the Euro pean agen da mo re ge ne rally.

De ve lop ment As si stan ce11. (S) The Net her lands is among the world’s le a ding aid do nors, ha ving bud ge ted

USD 4.2 bil lion (0.74 per cent of GDP, with a tar get of ra i sing it to 0.8 per cent) in as si -stan ce in 2004. It is a top do nor of une ar mar ked as si stan ce to UN hu ma ni ta rian pro grams.In 2003, the Net her lands in tro du ced a mo re fo cu sed aid stra tegy, which pha sed out smal -ler aid pro grams in we alt hi er co un tri es. Dutch bi la te ral aid is now di rec ted to 36 part nerco un tri es, in clu ding 18 in Afri ca. In 2003, Pre si dent Bush and Pri me Mi ni ster Bal ke nen -de sig ned an MOU to co or di na te HIV/AIDS pro grams in Gha na, Zam bia, Rwan da andEt hi o pia that emp ha si zes pu blic-pri va te part ner ships. Bal ke nen de re cently ex pres sed in -te rest in using the Mil len ni um Chal len ge Cor po ra tion as a mo del for pro mo ting pu blic-pri va te part ner ships world-wi de. USAID’s in vol ve ment with a He i ne ken AIDS tre at mentand edu ca tion pro gram in Rwan da has been par ti cu larly suc cessful, and the World Bankhas adop ted it as a mo del. Dutch cre a ti vity and cre di bi lity in de ve lop ment ma kes themgood po ten tial part ners for fu tu re jo int ini ti a ti ves with the U.S. We sho uld al so ta keadvan ta ge of the ir ex pe ri en ce and in sights to help shift glo bal aid ef forts in the di rec tionof su sta i na ble long-term de ve lop ment.

Cen ter of In ter na ti o nal Law and Hu man Rights12. (S) With the In ter na ti o nal Co urt of Ju sti ce (ICJ), In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal

for the for mer Yugo sla via (ICTY), the Per ma nent Co urt of Ar bi tra tion (PCA), the Iran-91

U.S. Cla ims Tri bu nal, the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Co urt (ICC) and ot her in ter na ti o nal le -gal in sti tu ti ons all lo ca ted in The Ha gue, our abi lity to ha ve an im pact in the Net her landson in ter na ti o nal is su es ran ging from Iraq to the Bal kans is uni que. With a hi sto ri cal in te -rest in in ter na ti o nal law da ting back to Gro ti us, the Dutch vi ew them sel ves as na tu ral de -fen ders of in ter na ti o nal le gal norms and prac ti ces. This tra di tion ma de them the per fecthosts for a con fe ren ce of Ira qi jud ges in The Ha gue in 2004, and has pus hed them to thefo re front of in ter na ti o nal ef forts to train a new ge ne ra tion of Ira qi ju rists. Whi le the ir le -ga li stic ap pro ach can be fru stra ting, they are fle xi ble. The ir con cerns abo ut U.S. in ter pre -ta ti ons of the Ge ne va Pro to cols ha ve not pre ven ted the ir Spe cial For ces from de ployingin Afg ha ni stan. The Dutch al so hel ped sway the EU to vo te aga inst the Cu ban-spon so -red re so lu tion on Gu an ta na mo at the Hu man Rights Com mis sion last year de spi te con -cerns abo ut the tre at ment of de ta i ne es. But, as Fo re ign Mi ni ster Bot told De puty Sec re -tary Zo el lick re cently, over the long run Dutch hu man rights con cerns must be ad dres sedto en su re that pu blic and par li a men tary sup port do es not ero de; we and the Dutch needto work to get her to re sol ve this con cern. Fi nally, the Dutch com bi na tion of se e king prag -ma tic so lu ti ons whi le re ma i ning true to the ir le gal prin ci ples co uld ma ke the Dutch anim por tant as set in re sol ving our dif fe ren ces with the EU over the ICC and ar tic le 98 agre -e ments un der the right cir cum stan ces.

Eco no mics and Tra de 13. (S) Bal ke nen de sha res our in te rest in pro mo ting an open in ter na ti o nal tra ding

system and has been an ally in U.S.-EU tra de dis pu tes such as Bo e ing-Air bus and the Fo -re ign Sa les Cor po ra tion Tax. The Dutch sha re with the Bri tish a vi sion of a mar ket-fri -endly Euro pe dri ven by free tra de. They are the third lar gest in ve stor in the U.S. and thefo urth lar gest re ci pi ent of U.S. in vest ment world-wi de. The ir ef forts to shift the Lis bonagen da in a mo re co o pe ra ti ve di rec tion and to pro mo te in no va tion and com pe ti tion arecre a ting ad di ti o nal op por tu ni ti es for U.S. in ve stors in Euro pe. Be ca u se the Net her landshas one of the hig hest bro ad band pe ne tra ti ons in Euro pe, emer ging re se arch ef forts in theare as of na no tec hno logy, li fe sci en ces, and ot her IT-re la ted are as, and a new tax tre aty, theco un try of fers U.S. com pa ni es an im por tant ga te way in to Euro pe. If con sul ted early andre gu larly, the Net her lands can al so be an im por tant ally in na vi ga ting the EU’s re gu la toryen vi ron ment and re mo ving ob stac les.

Drugs and Traf fic king in Per sons14. (S) Nar co tics and traf fic king in per sons re main are as of dif fi culty. De spi te fun -

da men tal dif fe ren ces re gar ding “soft drugs” and le ga li zed pro sti tu tion, the Bal ke nen dego vern ment has wor ked to pre vent the se dif fe ren ces from de fi ning our re la ti on ship. The -re are al so signs that Dutch at ti tu des may be shif ting. The Dutch re main a ma jor pro du -cer of synthe tic drugs. On the ot her hand, Dutch He alth Mi ni ster Ho o ge vorst re cently sig -ned a pre ce dent-set ting MOU with the U.S. to sha re in for ma tion on the he alth risks ofnew stra ins of ma ri ju a na with hig her con cen tra ti ons of THC, which may con vin ce theDutch to ret hink the ir ap pro ach to “soft drugs” in ge ne ral. The Dutch are ad dres sing drugto u rism – a re cent pro po sal to re strict the sa le of ma ri ju a na to Dutch pas sport hol ders inMa a stricht, for exam ple, co uld cut down on cross-bor der smug gling and ot her drug-re la -ted cri me. We sho uld sup port such ini ti a ti ves ac ti vely. 92

Bal ke nen de So lid In ter na ti o nally... 15. (S) We are for tu na te to ha ve in the Bal ke nen de go vern ment an out ward-lo o -

king part ner for whom wor king with the U.S. and the U.K. co mes na tu rally. Bal ke nen -de and FM Bot ta ke pri de in bu il ding brid ges bet we en the U.S. and Euro pe. Now he rewas this mo re evi dent than du ring the Dutch pre si dency of the EU. On two is su es of gre -at im por tan ce to the U.S. – the Chi na Arms Em bar go and ac ces sion talks for Tur key –the Dutch mo ved, with our ac ti ve ur ging, from fol lo wing an EU “con sen sus” set by ot -hers to re de fi ning the is sue on the ir, and our, terms. In both ca ses, Bot and Bal ke nen deover ca me ini tial skep ti cism and con clu ded that Dutch and U.S. in te rests co in ci ded – apat tern we ha ve seen re pe a ted on ot her less im por tant is su es. FM Bot be gan the EU pre -si dency tel ling us that lif ting the Arms Em bar go was a “do ne deal.” La ter, ho we ver, heac ti vely in ter ve ned to pre vent a lift on “his” watch, saying that he did not want the bla -me for ca u sing a rift bet we en the U.S. and EU. De spi te Bal ke nen de’s per so nal skep ti -cism abo ut brin ging Tur key in to the EU, he and Bot (a for mer Am bas sa dor to Tur key)wor ked hard to en su re that Tur key got its da te to start ac ces sion talks with the EU du -ring the Dutch pre si dency, and want to see the agre e ment they hel ped ne go ti a te suc -cessfully im ple men ted. We will want the Dutch to con ti nue to draw on the re la ti on shipsthey de ve lo ped du ring the pre si dency to co ax both si des to mo ve in the right di rec tionas Oc to ber 3 ap pro ac hes.

16. (S) Spe ci fic U.S. po li ci es pro vo ke squ alls of an ger and fru stra tion he re, but Pre -si dent Bush’s vi sit to the Net her lands in 2005 to com me mo ra te V-E day at the WWIIDutch Ame ri can Ce me tery at Mar gra ten was met with uni ver sal ac cla im and pro vo kedre mar kably lit tle pro test. Even Dutch op po sed to U.S. po li ci es warmly wel co med the vi -sit as a re min der of en du ring, sha red va lu es for ged in the cru ci bles of World War II andthe Cold War. This mis sion has pur sued an am bi ti o us pro gram of outre ach to fu tu reDutch le a ders to en su re that the se emo ti ons are pas sed to the next ge ne ra tion. In this ef -fort, the Pre si dent’s youth ro und ta ble in Ma a stricht and for mer Sec re tary of Sta te Po -well’s town hall me e ting with young le a ders in The Ha gue we re no ta ble suc ces ses, whichcan ser ve as mo dels for fu tu re ef forts. Gi ven the dis pro por ti o na te in flu en ce wi el ded bythe Dutch in in ter na ti o nal fo ra, we sho uld ex pand our ac ti ve ex chan ge pro grams (in clu -ding the Ful bright and In ter na ti o nal Vi si tor Le a der ship Pro grams) to help sha pe the suc -ces sor ge ne ra tion.

...But Fa ces Do me stic Chal len ges17. (S) Un for tu na tely, the out ward-lo o king, tran sa tlan tic ori en ta tion of the Bal ke -

nen de ca bi net is offset do me sti cally by strong stra ins of Euro-cen tra lism and Dutch-pro -vin ci a lism. This di vi sion will be co me mo re pro no un ced as the par ti es pre pa re for lo calelec ti ons in March 2006, and na ti o nal elec ti ons in May 2007. Cur rent polls show thatBal ke nen de’s cen ter-right co a li tion (his se cond go vern ment) is fal ling in the polls, whi lethe main, cen ter-left op po si tion La bor party (PvdA) and frin ges on the right and left arega i ning. Bal ke nen de is gam bling that his eco no mic re form agen da will pay di vi dends inti me for the 2007 elec ti ons, but that is un cer tain. The re is a strong chan ce that a cen ter-left go vern ment do mi na ted by the PvdA will co me to po wer in 2007 – or ear li er if the2006 lo cal elec tion re sults prompt na ti o nal elec ti ons.

18. (S) Alt ho ugh U.S.-Dutch re la ti ons sho uld re main fun da men tally so und de spi tea shift to the cen ter-left, a PvdA-led go vern ment wo uld pre sent new chal len ges. PvdA le -

93

a der Wo u ter Bos has ma de cle ar his ten dency to lo ok to Brus sels first in set ting Dutch in -ter na ti o nal pri o ri ti es. He se es the Net her lands less as a tran sa tlan tic “brid ge bu il der” thanas a fol lo wer of EU con sen sus. As with Schro e der in Ger many, Bos might al so find ittemp ting to adopt a cri ti cal at ti tu de to ward the U.S. du ring elec ti ons to lock in his leftflank. The PvdA is al ready ra i sing al le ga ti ons of U.S. abu ses to chal len ge the ra ti o na lefor Dutch de ployments in Afg ha ni stan, and do es not sup port the JSF pro gram. It is in ourin te rest both to sup port the cur rent go vern ment’s tran sa tlan tic ori en ta tion and to en ga geac ti vely with the op po si tion to shift them in a fa vo ra ble di rec tion.

The Isla mic Fac tor19. (S) A new, but po ten ti ally se ri o us fac tor in Dutch do me stic po li tics is its lar ge,

po orly in te gra ted Mu slim po pu la tion, cur rently num be ring just un der 1 mil lion, or 5.8per cent of the po pu la tion. USG-spon so red polls show that 83 per cent of Dutch Mu slimsiden tify much mo re strongly with the ir re li gion than with the ir host co un try, whi le 51 per -cent ha ve lit tle or no fa ith in the Dutch go vern ment as an in sti tu tion. Whi le the pro blemsof Dutch in te gra tion cap tu red in ter na ti o nal he a dli nes fol lo wing the van Gogh mur der, theDutch be li e ve they ha ve an early start on the rest of Euro pe in se e king cre a ti ve ways toad dress the se con cerns. The ir strong in te rest in sha ring and so li ci ting ide as has ope ned upop por tu ni ti es for Em bassy and USG outre ach and con sul ta ti ons thro ug ho ut Dutch so ci -ety, pro vi ding in sights in to a gro wing pro blem thro ug ho ut Euro pe. We ex pect our ex pe -ri en ces he re will pro vi de good in di ca ti ons of bro a der Euro pean trends as well as op por -tu ni ti es to in flu en ce the ir di rec tion.

Con clu si ons 20. (S) The Net her lands is a com pli ca ted, mul ti-layered so ci ety. Pre va i ling myths

abo ut the Dutch – e.g., they are ho mo ge no us, uni ver sally to le rant, pa ci fist, etc.– do notac cu ra tely ga u ge dif fe ren ces wit hin so ci ety or re flect Dutch po ten tial to in flu en ce in ter -na ti o nal events. Whi le the Dutch pre fer to see them sel ves as “ba lan cing” bet we en Euro -pe and the U.S., this ba lan ce can shift due to do me stic and in ter na ti o nal fac tors.

21. (S) The key to ma xi mi zing Dutch ef fec ti ve ness is to in vol ve them early thro ughhigh-le vel con sul ta ti ons and ex chan ges. Dutch prag ma tism and our si mi lar world-vi ewsma ke the Net her lands fer ti le gro und for ini ti a ti ves ot hers in Euro pe might be re luc tant, atle ast ini ti ally, to em bra ce.

22. (S) As mul ti pli ers, the Dutch sho uld be en co u ra ged to play an in cre a singly pro -mi nent ro le on the glo bal sta ge. Co a xing the Dutch in to the spo tlight can ta ke ef fort, butpays off royally. Dutch cre den ti als, cre di bi lity, and ca pa bi li ti es ma ke them ef fec ti ve le a -ders ac ross a wi de ran ge of ge o grap hic re gi ons and sub stan ti ve is su es.

23. (S) The Dutch are ac ti vely and fa vo rably in vol ved in Afg ha ni stan, Afri ca, Iraq,the Mid dle East, the Bal kans, the Ca rib bean, In do ne sia, and el sew he re. They are our bestpart ner in de ve lo ping pi lot pro jects in the co un ter ter ro rism area, and are world le a ders inde ve lop ment, free tra de, in ter na ti o nal law and hu man rights. In pur su it of U.S. in te restsin all the se are as of in te rest and le a der ship, we sho uld bu ild upon our suc ces ses to da te tota ke the Dutch to the “next le vel.”

So bel94

XXVIIIRe fe ren ce id: 05VA TI CAN516Su bject: Del Pon te Ma kes “ugly Im pres sion” At The Va ti canOri gin: Em bassy Va ti can (Va ti can) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 26 Aug 2005 14:10 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec ret//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2005/08/05VA TI CAN516.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Wed, 4 May 2011 10:48 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on




Sec retSIP DISNO FORN DEPT. FOR EUR/WE (TCUN NING HAM), EUR/SCE (BBELL,

MFO OKS) E.O. 12958: DECL: 8/26/2015 Tags: KIRF [In ter na ti o nal Re li gi o us Fre e dom], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons],

SO CI [So cial Con di ti ons], NL [Net her lands], BK [Bo snia and Her ze go vi na], HR [Cro -a ti a], VT [Va ti can City], OSCE [Or ga ni za tion for Se cu rity and Co o pe ra tion in Euro pe]

Ref: HA GUE 2263, 04 VAT 1231 Classified By: Pe ter Mar tin, Po li ti cal Of fi cer, POL, STA TE. RE A SON: 1.4 (b), (d)

Sum mary

1. (S/NF) Holy See Bal kans Di rec tor Ma ury de scri bed to us August 22 the “un di -plo ma tic be ha vi or” of ICTY Chi ef Pro se cu tor del Pon te on her re cent vi sit to the Va ti canfo re ign mi ni stry (HA GUE 2263). Ma ury said the Va ti can wo uld not re spond to the stronglet ter sent by del Pon te to the po pe af ter the vi sit, cri ti ci zing the Holy See’s de a lings inthe ca se of ac cu sed war cri mi nal An te Go to vi na. Ma ury in si sted that the Va ti can had in -ve sti ga ted the Go to vi na ca se and did not be li e ve the Fran ci scans in Her ze go vi na or Cro -a tia we re har bo ring him. He said the Holy See wo uld not call for Go to vi na to be han dedover to the Ha gue, as ma king that type of pu blic sta te ment wo uld be a mat ter for the lo -cal Church to con si der. The Go to vi na ca se asi de, Ma ury said that “all le vels” of the Va -ti can we re now ac ti ve in trying to re sol ve the si tu a tion with the Fran ci scans of Her ze go -vi na, for so me ti me now a thorn in the Va ti can’s si de. The si tu a tion is com pli ca ted; theHoly See re sents the Fran ci scans hol ding out aga inst Church aut ho rity, but has a keen ap -pre ci a tion for what it se es as the ir he ro ic stand in ma in ta i ning the Cat ho lic fa ith for ge ne -ra ti ons aga inst ho sti le for ces. End Sum mary.

Vi sit to the Va ti can 2. (S/NF) Holy See Bal kans Di rec tor Mon sig nor Mi guel Ma ury de scri bed to us

August 22 the “very ugly im pres sion” ICTY Chi ef Pro se cu tor Car la del Pon te ma de onher re cent vi sit to the Va ti can fo re ign mi ni stry (HA GUE 2263). Tho ugh he did not at tend

95

the me e ting him self as he was on le a ve, he re co un ted del Pon te’s ses sion with Va ti canFM La jo lo and de scri bed del Pon te’s be ha vi or as very un di plo ma tic. Ac cor ding to Ma -ury, she ca me on very strong, cer tain that ac cu sed war cri mi nal An te Go to vi na was be -ing hid den among the Fran ci scans. She was al so abra si ve, he said, when pres sing for ame e ting with Po pe Be ne dict, cla i ming that Go to vi na him self had been gran ted an audi -en ce with Po pe John Paul II. (Ma ury was una wa re of any such audi en ce but sur mi sedthat if it was true, it was li kely that Go to vi na had been one of many pe o ple typi cally di -rec ted to ap pro ach the po pe for a handsha ke or kiss of the ring at the end of a ge ne ralaudi en ce.)

3. (S/NF) It was un cle ar whet her Ma ury had seen del Pon te’s sub se qu ent let ter tothe po pe (HA GUE 2263), but he said her ge ne ral at ti tu de and be ha vi or had left Holy Seeof fi ci als sha king the ir he ads. “She sho wed who she is,” he con clu ded. When asked if thepo pe wo uld re spond to the let ter, Ma ury said the re was not hing to re spond to. “The po -pe wo uldn’t re spond in a ca se li ke this,” he said.

Go to vi na In ve sti ga tion4. (S/NF) Ma ury told us the Va ti can to ok very se ri o usly ac cu sa ti ons that Go to vi na

was be ing hid den in Fran ci scan mo na ste ri es in Her ze go vi na or Cro a tia. Ma ury in si stedthat the pa pal nun cio (am bas sa dor) in Bo snia and Her ze go vi na (BiH) had in ve sti ga tedthe si tu a tion and con clu ded that Go to vi na was not be ing hid den by the Fran ci scans. “Washe the re at one ti me?” Ma ury asked, “I don’t know.” “In any ca se,” he con ti nued, “he’snot the re now.” The Go to vi na si tu a tion asi de, Ma ury told us in a pre vi o us me e ting that“all le vels” of the Va ti can we re now in vol ved with the qu e sti on of the Fran ci scans of Her -ze go vi na. In prac ti ce this me ans a rat her com pli ca ted as sort ment of Va ti can de part mentsthat plays a ro le in BiH. The Sec re ta ri at of Sta te (fo re ign mi ni stry) is only one, alt ho ughthe most im por tant, player on that front.

5. (C) The Her ze go vi na Fran ci scans ha ve been a thorn in the Va ti can’s si de for so -me ti me, Ma ury said, re fu sing to yield to Church aut ho rity on cer tain is su es. Ma ury saidthe Va ti can was fru stra ted that they re ma i ned in vi o la tion of long stan ding or ders to qu itcer tain of the ir chur ches. The Holy See, ho we ver, cer ta inly did not want to get the go -vern ment or law en for ce ment in vol ved in the dis pu te. They ho ped the Church co uld han -dle this in ter nally.

Pu blic Com ments 6. (C) Ma ury had no know led ge of any pu blic com ment abo ut an ti-Cat ho li cism con -

tri bu ting to he si ta tion on Cro a tia and the EU (HA GUE 2263). When asked if the HolySee wo uld con si der ma king a pu blic ap peal for Go to vi na to be tur ned over to the Ha gue,Ma ury said it wo uld not. “It is for the lo cal Church to con si der whet her to ma ke such asta te ment,” he said. “The Va ti can wo uld not ma ke a spe ci fic ap peal in a ca se li ke this.”

Com ment 7. (C) Post had ra i sed the is sue of ob struc ti o nist Cat ho lic in flu en ce in Mo star to se -

ve ral of fi ci als he re last year in clu ding FM La jo lo. For mer OSCE Bo snia Chi ef Be ec roftal so ma de his ca se to the Fran ci scans and the Va ti can fo re ign mi ni stry (04 VAT 1231).The bot tom li ne at that ti me: all li ste ners we re sympat he tic to us and Be ec roft, but the ex -tent to which they we re wil ling or able to en ga ge Bis hop Pe ric of Mo star or the Fran ci -96

scans was li mi ted. Now Ma ury is outli ning a mo re ac ti ve ap pro ach by the Va ti can, li kelya com bi na tion of fa ti gue and in cre du lity at Fran ci scan in tran si gen ce. Ma ury told us thatthe Holy See had le ar ned that one of the Fran ci scans had (in vi o la tion of ca non law) pre -si ded at a con fir ma tion ce re mony re cently – and read a for ged no te of bles sing from Po -pe Be ne dict XVI.

8. (C) The dyna mic he re is com pli ca ted. The Va ti can re sents the Fran ci scans hol -ding out aga inst Church aut ho rity, but has a keen ap pre ci a tion for what it se es as the ir he -ro ic stand in ma in ta i ning the Cat ho lic fa ith for ge ne ra ti ons aga inst ho sti le for ces. Thissen ti ment is al so re flec ted in Ma ury’s com ments on Bis hop Pe ric. In pre vi o us con ver sa -ti ons men ti o ned abo ve with La jo lo, with Ma ury’s pre de ces sor, and ot hers, in ter lo cu torswe re he si tant to cri ti ci ze the Mo star bis hop, even as they agreed on the need for mo re for -ward-lo o king ap pro ac hes to re con ci li a tion ef forts among Cat ho lics in Mo star. Ma ury, ho -we ver, went even furt her in our con ver sa tion, com pa ring Pe ric to le gen dary Cat ho lic fi -gu res li ke Po land’s Car di nal Wyszynski and (mo re con tro ver sial – tho ugh be a ti fied) Cro -a tian Car di nal Ste pi nac, hol ding the ir pe o ple to get her in dif fi cult cir cum stan ces. We canwork with the Va ti can on the se sen si ti ve is su es, but need to tread ca re fully.

San dro li ni NNNN 2005VA TI CA00516 – Clas si fi ca tion: SEC RET

XXIXRe fe ren ce id: 06BEL GRA DE176Su bject: Del Pon te Con fi dent Of Mla dic Han do verOri gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Tue, 7 Feb 2006 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2006/02/06BEL GRA DE176.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Con fi den tialSIP DISE.O. 12958: DECL: CLO SU RE OF ICTY Tags: PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons],

SR [Ser bi a], ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a] Clas si fied By: DCM Ro de rick Mo o re, re a sons 1.4 (b,d)

1. (c) Sum mary: De spi te pu blic cri ti cism of SaM ef forts to da te on ICTY co o pe ra -tion, del Pon te told as sem bled am bas sa dors she is con vin ced she will ha ve Mla dic in TheHa gue by the end of Fe bru ary – but only if the EU exerts ma xi mum pres su re on Ko stu -ni ca by con di ti o ning SAA talks on Mla dic’s be ing han ded over. We sho uld en co u ra ge theEU to do so, and re com mend an early cer ti fi ca tion de ci sion by the Sec re tary as ad di ti o -nal pres su re. End sum mary.

97

2. (c) ICTY chi ef pro se cu tor Car la del Pon te’s pu blic re marks fol lo wing her Fe bru -ary 6 vi sit to Bel gra de we re typi cally glo omy, belying an un cha rac te ri sti cally up be at ap -pra i sal in a pri va te bri e fing to the di plo ma tic com mu nity at the end of the vi sit. Del Pon -te met with a host of GoS and Go SaM of fi ci als du ring her one-day vi sit, in clu ding PMKo stu ni ca, in tel chi ef Ra de Bu la to vic, ICTY Co o pe ra tion Co un cil cha ir Ra sim Lja jic, lo -cal war cri mes spe cial pro se cu tor Vla di mir Vuk ce vic, and Def min Stan ko vic. Fol lo wingher me e tings, the pro se cu tor is sued a bri ef sta te ment to the press cri ti cal of Ser bia’s lackof co o pe ra tion to da te. She stres sed that Mla dic is still at lar ge and that ICTY ac cess todo cu men ta tion is still in suf fi ci ent. Ko stu ni ca’s re marks fol lo wing the vi sit, me an whi le,emp ha si zed Ser bia’s na ti o nal in te rest in ful fil ling its obli ga ti ons to the Tri bu nal.

3. (c) Del Pon te’s typi cally cri ti cal pu blic re marks, ho we ver, we re ba lan ced by amuch mo re ho pe ful as ses sment du ring talks with re si dent am bas sa dors at the end of hervi sit. A vi sibly ex ci ted del Pon te told the gro up she is con vin ced/con vin ced she will ha -ve Mla dic in The Ha gue by the end of Fe bru ary. She said her as ses sment is ba sed on there sults of her pri va te me e ting with Ko stu ni ca, at which in tel chi ef Ra de Bu la to vic was al -so pre sent, whe re in she said Ko stu ni ca pas sed her a do cu ment with de ta i led in for ma tionand spe ci fics abo ut the go vern ment’s ef forts and pro gress that she said ga ve her con fi -den ce that Mla dic co uld be wrap ped up (she did not go in to furt her de tail, but no ted, in -ter alia, that the go vern ment had shown pro of that they had trac ked Mla dic “much mo rere cently” than 2003). She no ted that her con fi den ce is so mew hat tem pe red by past ex pe -ri en ce with un ful fil led ex pec ta ti ons from the GoS, but said she ne vert he less be li e ved Ko -stu ni ca co uld de li ver Mla dic soon. Del Pon te hig hlig hted that Ko stu ni ca told her the rewo uld be lit tle do me stic fal lo ut from the ar rest, as re cent polls sho wed a ma jo rity of Serbswe re in fa vor of Mla dic’s ar rest. She no ted, tho ugh, that they did not di scuss the li kely re -ac tion from the Ra di cal party.

4. (c) Del Pon te ca ve a ted, tho ugh, that Ko stu ni ca wo uld only co me thro ugh if thepres su re re ma i ned on the GoS to de li ver. She said it wo uld be cri ti cal for the EU to con -ti nue to se ri o usly thre a ten the su spen sion of SAA ne go ti a ti ons as the most cre di ble pres -su re po int to ke ep the GoS to its word. She said she had al ready ma de this pitch to En -lar ge ment com mis si o ner Ol lie Rehn di rectly, and ur ged lo cal am bas sa dors to sup port thisre qu est in the ir ca pi tals. She emp ha si zed that this was un cha rac te ri stic of her – usu allyshe dec li ned to ta ke a stand on po li ti cal pres su re, as such ac ti vity is out of her sphe re ofaut ho rity. She stres sed, tho ugh, that the cur rent mo ment is dif fe rent – that it re pre sentsper haps the last, best win dow of po li ti cal op por tu nity to cap tu re Mla dic be fo re ot herevents (read Ko so vo and Mon te ne gro) wo uld ma ke any such ac tion im pos si ble. Del Pon -te said on ce Mla dic is in The Ha gue, To li mir wo uld qu ickly fol low, and Ka rad zic wo uldli kely al so fol low soon the re af ter.

5. (c) Furt her de ta ils: del Pon te said it lo oks most li kely that Ka rad zic is cur rently inMon te ne gro, but ad mit ted the re was no so lid lead in this re gard, and that ot her re portshad him in Ser bia. Re gar ding her me e ting with Def min Stan ko vic and VBA chi ef Ko -vac, she said it was sig ni fi cant that the mi li tary for the first ti me ad mit ted that it sup por -ted Mla dic un til 2002, so met hing they had been un wil ling to say be fo re. She said she wasbri e fed by Ko vac on his oral re port to the Su pre me De fen se Co un cil, and that the re porthad un co ve red so me 300-400 pe o ple who had been at one ti me in the Mla dic sup port net -work from 1997-2004. She al so said it now ap pe a red ci vi lian and mi li tary in tel li gen ceser vi ces we re fi nally wor king to get her on Mla dic. On do cu ments, she said she was ple -98

a sed with the pro po sal to im pro ve ac cess by ICTY in ve sti ga tors, and said they wo uld testthe system in the co ming we eks.

6. (c) Com ment: Del Pon te’s ex ci te ment was pal pa ble – she truly se ems to thinkMla dic’s tran sfer is a pos si bi lity by the end of the month. She is equ ally con vin ced, tho -ugh, that it will only hap pen if the pres su re is kept on at a high le vel. We strongly sup porther pro po si tion that the EU se ri o usly thre a ten re per cus si ons on the SAA talks if Mla dicis not de li ve red by the end of Fe bru ary, and wo uld en co u ra ge Was hing ton to en ga ge inBrus sels to that ef fect. In ad di tion to co or di na ting with the EU, we re com mend Was hing -ton an no un ce that the Sec re tary will ma ke a cer ti fi ca tion de ci sion at the end of Fe bru ary,and that her de ci sion will be dri ven by Bel gra de’s ac ti ons on Mla dic. In the event Mla -dic is not han ded over by the end of Fe bru ary, we wo uld re com mend the Sec re tary notcer tify and that cer tain di rect as si stan ce to the Ser bian go vern ment be su spen ded.

Polt

XXXRe fe ren ce id: 06BEL GRA DE395Su bject: Re ac ti ons, Plans Af ter Mi lo se vic’s De athOri gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Mon, 13 Mar 2006 00:00 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2006/03/06BEL GRA DE395.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments This re cord is a par tial ex tract of the ori gi nal ca ble. The full text of the ori gi nal ca -


Con fi den tialSIP DIS VI EN NA PLS PASS DAS DI CAR LO JU STI CE FOR ALE XAN DRE E.O.

12958: DECL: 03/12/2016 Tags: PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons],

SR [Ser bi a], ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a] Clas si fied By: Am bas sa dor Mic hael Polt, re a sons 1.4 (b,d)

Sum mary

1. (c) The Bel gra de body po li tic is just in the ini tial thro es of re ac ting to Mi lo se vic’sde ath. Cur rent de ba te swirls aro und his fu ne ral ar ran ge ments and in cre a sing spe cu la tionthat the for mer dic ta tor was at best me di cally ne glec ted, at worst ac ti vely po i so ned du -ring his in car ce ra tion in The Ha gue. Mi lo se vic’s de ath, co ming on the he els of the Ba bicsu i ci de and the un fet te ring of Ha ra di naj’s abi lity to en ga ge in pu blic li fe are le a ding to anin cre a se ) even among so me de moc rats ) in the be li ef that ICTY is an ti-Serb. The Ra di -cals and So ci a lists will un do ub tedly do what they can to use this to bol ster the ir po li ti calstan ding and re-ori ent the go vern ment’s ICTY po li ci es. End sum mary.

99

Sa tur day 2. (u) The ini tial ca u ti o us re spon se by lo cal net works to news of Mi lo se vic’s de ath

on March 11 ga ve way la ter in the day to mo re pro mi nent co ve ra ge on Bel gra de TV sta -ti ons. The re we re in ter vi ews and com men tary by the Ra di cal and So ci a list party ) most-ly an ti-Ha gue di a tri bes and un help ful com men tary on the bi as of the co urt and its al le gedro le in the de aths of Mi lo se vic and Mi lan Ba bic, who com mit ted su i ci de in his cell onMarch 5. Head of the DS ca u cus in par li a ment Du san Pe tro vic ga ve a help ful in ter vi ewon RTS re jec ting any sug ge sti ons that the re wo uld be any chan ge in the go vern ment’spo licy to wards The Ha gue or any re a son to re con si der its in ter na ti o nal le gal obli ga ti ons.CNN and ot her in ter na ti o nal co ve ra ge was per haps mo re per va si ve thro ug ho ut the day,and in clu ded pho ne in ter vi ews with cur rent and for mer re gi o nal le a ders, but con si stedmostly of empty spe cu la tion and com men tary on the un re for med and un re pen tant partsof Ser bian so ci ety and the tra gic events of the Mi lo se vic era. The Am bas sa dor’s sta te -ment was qu ickly pic ked up by lo cal TV sta ti ons and aired pro mi nently.

Sun day 3. (u) By Sun day, March 12, me dia at ten tion had slac ke ned con si de rably on lo cal

sta ti ons, with most chan nels sho wing re gu lar pro gram ming for most or all of the day. Sofar, the re ha ve been no lar ge or ga ni zed or spon ta ne o us pu blic gat he rings re la ted to thenews, tho ugh So ci a list Party he a dqu ar ters an no un ced over the we e kend they wo uld opena con do len ce bo ok and wo uld en co u ra ge pla ce ment of flo wers out si de the party’s of fi ceson Stu dent ski Trg. Over the we e kend, a li ne of (mostly) pen si o ners num be ring in the hun -dreds for med at the party he a dqu ar ters, and mo de ra te num bers al so pla ced flo wers or litcan dles at the Stu dent ski Trg lo ca tion and in ot her party of fi ces thro ug ho ut Ser bia and inThe Ha gue.

4. (c) The Am bas sa dor spo ke with Pre si dent Ta dic, De puty PM La bus, and FON -MIN Dra sko vic on the oc ca sion of a com me mo ra tion of the third an ni ver sary of the Djin -djic as sas si na tion to pre pa re the path for di sco u ra ging any kind of of fi cial fu ne ral or com -me mo ra ti ve event. Dra sko vic used the op por tu nity to push again his long-held be li ef thatICTY con di ti o na lity on PfP mem ber ship and the EU mem ber ship pro cess sho uld ce a se,so that a Euro-Atlan tic em bra ce co uld be used to co un ter Ra di cal and So ci a list op po si -tion to Ser bia’s in te gra tion. Ta dic, Dra sko vic, and La bus firmly op po sed any sta te fu ne -ral ar ran ge ments for Mi lo se vic, whi le Ta dic ad ded that he wo uld op po se any &par don8for Mi lo se vic wi dow Mi ra Mar ko vic in or der for her to at tend fu ne ral events in Ser bia.(No te: Mar ko vic fa ces ar rest on an In ter pol war rant on char ges of in ci ting abu se of pu -blic of fi ce if she re turns to Ser bia. It is un cle ar if, un der cur rent cir cum stan ces, GoS of fi -ci als wo uld be pre pa red to en for ce that war rant. The Mi lo se vic fa mily lawyer on Mon -day fi led a mo tion in Bel gra de dis trict co urt to ha ve the war rant re scin ded and the char -ges drop ped. End no te.)

Mon day 5. (u) By Mon day, March 13, all ma jor print me dia we re al so ca rrying the news from

the we e kend, along with ini tial re ac ti ons from va ri o us po li ti cal par ti es, in clu ding re-has -hing of the SRS and SPS’s pre dic ta ble po si ti ons and ex pres si ons of re gret by PM Ko stu -ni ca, who pro mi sed that the go vern ment wo uld ask for a full re port from The Ha gue onthe cir cum stan ces of his de ath. He no ted the po li ti cal cu stom in Ser bia at dif fi cult ti mes100

for Serbs to put all po li ti cal dif fe ren ces asi de. Ta dic’s of fi ce ex pres sed con do len ces forthe fa mily ) so ur ces the re ha ve ex pres sed the ir con cern that the re was no way to re act wit -ho ut be ne fi ting the Ra di cals. The most vi tri o lic re spon se ca me from Dra sko vic, who seSPO party was a tar get of Mi lo se vic. Dra sko vic said any gri ef over Mi lo se vic’s de athshown by Ser bian ci ti zens was sha me ful in light of the pain Mi lo se vic had in flic ted onSer bia. Al so on Mon day, the Su pre me De fen se Co un cil of SaM met (by te lep ho ne) andre jec ted prof fe ring any mi li tary ho nors on Mi lo se vic if a fu ne ral is held in Ser bia.

And the Days ahead 6. (c) Spe cu la tion now has tur ned to whe re and un der what cir cum stan ces Mi lo se -

vic will be bu ried. Ta dic has said pu blicly that a sta te fu ne ral wo uld be out of the qu e sti -on, a po si tion pu blicly sha red by ru ling co a li tion part ners G-17 Plus and SPO. Ko stu ni -ca’s DSS and the go vern ment ha ve so far been si lent on the is sue, whi le SPS and SRSse em to be pres sing hard for Mi lo se vic to re ce i ve full head of sta te ho nors. UK Am bas -sa dor Go wan ra i sed the fu ne ral is sue with Ko stu ni ca’s Fo re ign Af fa irs Advi sor Vla de taJan ko vic and re ce i ved an icy re spon se and a com ment abo ut in ter fe ren ce in in ter nal af -fa irs. Jan ko vic re fu sed to pass along Go wan’s con cerns ab sent a for mal writ ten de mar -che. Me an whi le, Mar ko vic is ru mo red to ha ve ar gued al ter na tely for Mi lo se vic to be bu -ried in Mo scow or in his ho me town of Po za re vac.

7. (c) The re is so me con fu sion re gar ding who has fi nal aut ho rity to grant Head ofSta te ho nors and in ter ment in the spe cial sec tion of the Bel gra de Cen tral Ce me tery re ser -ved for hi sto ri cally im por tant fi gu res and for mer pre si dents. The city co un cil (run by DSMayor Bog da no vic), which has a ro le in the ap pro val pro cess, has al ready bal ked at ap -pro ving Mi lo se vic’s bu rial in the spe cial sec tion, and ab sent a spe ci fic re qu est form thefa mily for such tre at ment (we un der stand no ne has been ma de yet) to for ce the qu e sti on,it wo uld ap pe ar a Bel gra de fu ne ral with full ho nors is un li kely. Furt her mo re, the Su pre -me De fen se Co un cil’s de ci sion wo uld, on the fa ce of it, prec lu de the pos si bi lity of a sta -te fu ne ral in any lo ca tion in Ser bia, as such an event wo uld in clu de a co lor gu ard, ca is -son pro ces sion, fu sil la de, and/or si mi lar ho nors that the mi li tary now will not pro vi de.Ho we ver, fu ne ral plans are still in the wildly spe cu la ti ve sta ges, so it may be a few daysbe fo re this all plays out.

8. (c) We un der stand from re li a ble so ur ces that the Ra di cals and So ci a lists are al -ready co o pe ra ting on plans for pu blic events and com me mo ra ti ons aimed at to uc hing offanot her ro und of an ti-Ha gue fury. It is not cle ar how well such de mon stra ti ons (or the fu -ne ral) might be at ten ded – the SRS rally in sup port of Se selj se ve ral we eks ago was a dud– but the re is li kely to be mo re sup port for any pro test aga inst the ICTY fol lo wing Mi lo -se vic’s de ath. In deed, de spi te the low opi nion of Mi lo se vic and his re gi me, re cent eventsin The Ha gue ) a mo re per mis si ve at ti tu de to wards Ha ra di naj’s pu blic li fe, the Ba bic su -i ci de (un der what lo cally are con si de red su spi ci o us cir cum stan ces), the in ter pre ta tion ofChi ef Pro se cu tor del Pon te’s re cent com ments that the tri bu nal is sen si ti ve to po li ti calpres su re, and the re cent as ser ti ons by Mi lo se vic him self that he was gi ven im pro per me -di ca tion (which Mon day re prints of Dutch TV re ports of the autopsy did not hing to dis -pel) – ha ve in ten si fied a lo cal per cep tion of an ti-Serb bi as in the tri bu nal. Even pro-We -stern Serb po li ti ci ans, most pro mi nently for mer PM Ziv ko vic, ha ve cri ti ci zed the re centse ri es of un for tu na te events in The Ha gue as a dis gra ce to the tri bu nal.

101

Im pact 9. (c) The re is a good chan ce that this chain of re cent events, and the ir lo cally scan -

da lo us na tu re, will, in this fer ti le gro und for con spi racy the o rists, lend sup port to tho se lo -o king to stall any mo re co o pe ra tion with the Ha gue Tri bu nal. The go vern ment will fa cereal pres su re – at the very le ast on hu ma ni ta rian and me di cal gro unds – to re vi ew itsICTY po licy and to re con si der do me stic pro se cu tion for in dic te es who ha ve not been tur -ned over or are in pre-trial re le a se, to ease any kind of ef forts on de li ve ring Mla dic (notru mo red to be in the best of he alth) or co o pe ra ting with The Ha gue in ge ne ral. The re arese ve ral Serb in dic te es on pre-trial re le a se (e.g., Si ma to vic, Pav ko vic and Sta ni sic, the lat -ter two with the ir own se ri o us he alth pro blems) and we ex pect they will use the ir in flu -en ce and con nec ti ons to en co u ra ge this de ba te. The go vern ment may try and ma ke theca se for de-lin king EU ac ces sion from the Ha gue is sue to avoid any “po li ti cal in sta bi lity.”At the very le ast, we sho uld ex pect SPS to use its po si tion as “king ma ker” for this mi no -rity co a li tion go vern ment to ex tract ma xi mum po li ti cal gain from the si tu a tion ) to in clu -de a re ha bi li ta tion of Mi ra Mar ko vic and a hard push for full sta te ho nors for the de ce a -sed dic ta tor. We are en ga ging with the PM’s of fi ce to eli cit the ir plans for the co ming daysand to en co u ra ge them to stand with SPO, G-17 Plus, DS, and most ave ra ge Serbs to op -po se a sta te fu ne ral for Mi lo se vic.

Polt

XXXIRe fe ren ce id: 06SA RA JE VO1664Su bject: Bo snia: Or ga ni zed Cri me And Cor rup tionOri gin: Em bassy Sa ra je vo (Bo snia and Her ze go vi na) Ca ble ti me: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 10:47 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec ret//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2006/07/06SA RA JE VO1664.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXYZ0000 OO RU EH WEB DE RU EHVJ #1664/01 2061047 ZNY

SSSBB ZZH O 251047Z JUL 06 FM AMEM BASSY SA RA JE VO TO RU -EHBW/AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE IM ME DI A TE 0219 RU EHSQ/AMEM BASSYSKO PJE IM ME DI A TE 0193 RU EHVB/AMEM BASSY ZA GREB IM ME DI A TE0207 RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC IM ME DI A TE 4015 IN FO RUC NI FO/IFORCOL LEC TI VE IM ME DI A TE RU EHTC/AMEM BASSY THE HA GUE IM ME DI A -TE 0084 RU E A I IA/CIA WASHDC IM ME DI A TE RU E AW JA/DEPT OF JU STI CEWASHDC IM ME DI A TE RU E A TRS/DEPT OF TRE A SURY WASHDC IM ME DI A TE

Hi de he a der

Sec retSIP DIS NO FORN STA TE FOR EUR (DI CAR LO), D (SMITH), P (BA ME), EUR/SCE

(HOH, SA INZ, FO OKS), EUR/ACE (VI SO CAN, LON GI), INL (MA KA LOU),DS/ITA, S/CT (BLACK), S/WCI (HOD GKIN SON), INR, THE HA GUE (JOHN-102

SON), NSC FOR BRAUN, VI EN NA FOR LE GATT (DI ET DE RICH), OSD FORFLORY, US DOJ FOR CRI MI NAL DI VI SION – ICI TAP (DEL CO RE) E.O. 12958:DECL: 07/15/2016

Tags: PI NR [In tel li gen ce], KJUS [Ad mi ni stra tion of Ju sti ce], MOPS [Mi li tary Ope -ra ti ons], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons],PTER [Ter ro rists and Ter ro rism], KCRM [Cri mi nal Ac ti vity], BK [Bo snia and Her ze go -vi na]

Ref: A. 05 SA RA JE VO 2954 B. 05 SA RA JE VO 2324 C. 05 SA RA JE VO 2352 D.05 SA RA JE VO 1177 E. 05 SA RA JE VO 2848

Clas si fied By: CDA JU DITH CEF KIN FOR RE A SONS 1.4 (B), (D)

1. (C) Sum mary: Ten years af ter the war, Bo snia re ma ins in many ways a tra u ma ti -zed, post-Com mu nist, post-war so ci ety. Cri me and cor rup tion are se ri o us pro blems andto uch ne arly every aspect of li fe. Cri mi nal clans alig ned with po li ti ci ans and po li ti cal par -ti es are still pro spe ring and are de scri bed as a ma jor ob stac le to EU ac ces sion. The ne xusbet we en or ga ni zed cri me and the war cri mi nal sup port net works is al so cle ar. Mo ney la -un de ring, tax eva sion, cor rupt pri va ti za tion sche mes, nar co tics traf fic king, traf fic king inper sons, and smug gling of cars, oil, lum ber, and ci ga ret tes all pro vi de so ur ces of il li cit in -co me. This is not sur pri sing gi ven the still li mi ted eco no mic op por tu ni ti es and highunem ployment ra te. This re port is bro ken down in to the fol lo wing sec ti ons: I. Cor rup tionII. Or ga ni zed cri me III. Ma jor types of or ga ni zed cri me gro ups IV. Pos si ble links bet we -en oc gro ups and ter ro rist or ga ni za ti ons V. Le a ding oc fi gu res and gro ups VI. Com ment(End Sum mary)

I. Cor rup tion 2. (U) Ac cor ding to a March 2006 re port pu blis hed by the BiH Mi ni stry of Se cu rity

– Stra tegy for Com ba ting Or ga ni zed Cri me and Cor rup tion in BiH – 84% of Bo sni ansbe li e ve it is ne ces sary of of fer bri bes to of fi ci als to get them to do the ir jobs. Ad mi ni stra -ti ve de lays and pa per work al so con tri bu te to this at mosp he re. The ave ra ge pe riod in theBal kans re qu i red to re gi ster a com pany is abo ut 30 days, but in the Fe de ra tion it is 124days and in the Re pu bli ka Srp ska (RS) it is 56 days. In 2005 Bo snia was ran ked 88 outof 158 co un tri es ra ted by Tran spa rency In ter na ti o nal (TI) in its cor rup tion in dex, but witha sco re of only 2.9, pla cing it be low Ro ma nia and Me xi co but abo ve Ser bia. TI con si dersanything be low 5.0 an in di ca tion of “se ri o us cor rup tion pro blems.”

3. (S/NF) Num ber of le a ders of the ma jor po li ti cal par ti es ha ve had cri mi nal char -ges fi led aga inst them and/or are wi dely be li e ved to par ti ci pa te in cor rupt ac ti vi ti es.Among them are for mer BiH Tri-Pre si dency mem ber Dra gan Co vic (HDZ), cur rent RSPre si dent Dra gan Ca vic (SDS), for mer RS PM Dra gan Mi ke re vic (SDS) cur rent BiH Fo -re ign Mi ni ster Mla den Iva nic (PDP) cur rent RS PM Mi lo rad Do dik (SNSD), Bran koDo kic (PDP), Ha san Cen gic (SDA), An te Je la vic (HDZ), a Pre si dent of the BiH Con sti -tu ti o nal Co urt Ma to Radic.

4. (S/NF) Le a ding na ti o na list par ti es in BiH – the SDA (Bo sni ak), SDS (Serb), andHDZ (Cro at) – ha ve for years abu sed the ir po si ti ons in se ni or go vern ment in sti tu ti ons,sta te-ow ned firms, and pri va te com pa ni es to gain pro fits for per so nal and po li ti cal gain.Lo cal OC gro ups in both the Fe de ra tion and the RS use con nec ti ons to the se et hni cally-ba sed ru ling na ti o na list par ti es (along with ot her par ti es such as the RS-ba sed PDP) andthe ir re pre sen ta ti ves in vir tu ally all le vels of go vern ment. Much of the cor rup tion at the

103

po li ti cal le vel is fo cu sed on the abu se of such in sti tu ti ons as the cu stoms agency, tax ad -mi ni stra tion, wo od pro ces sing sec tor, and the energy sec tor. It is wit hin the se key mo -neyma king ven tu res that the pro spects are best for the in ter min gling bet we en or ga ni zedcri me and po li tics. Po li ti cally con nec ted in di vi du als al so ha ve the abi lity to ma ni pu la tego vern ment in sti tu ti ons, law en for ce ment and ju di ci ary. This in vol ves ap pli ca tion of le -gal pro vi si ons to slow down in ve sti ga ti ons, stal ling co urt pro ce du res, and ob struc ting en -for ce ment of cri mi nal sta tu tes. They are al so in vol ved in the is su an ce and for gery of tra -vel pa pers (ID cards, pas sports, vi sas) which ena ble cri mi nals to tra vel freely.

5. (U) A good exam ple is the re cent ca se of the Bo san ski Brod Oil Re fi nery whe refraud char ges ha ve been fi led aga inst 27 per sons in vol ving USD 75 mil lion. In clu ded inthe gro up is for mer RS PM Dra gan Mi ke re vic.

II. Or ga ni zed Cri me Nar co tics 6. (U) The “Bal kan Ro u te” for drug smug gling in to Euro pe is re por tedly still very

much in use. Bo snia oc cu pi es a stra te gic po si tion along the hi sto ric Bal kan smug gling ro -u tes bet we en drug pro duc tion cen ters in So uth Asia and mar kets in We stern Euro pe. Oneof the main Bal kan traf fic king ro u tes be gins in Al ba nia, con ti nu es in to Mon te ne gro anden ters BiH thro ugh a bor der po int clo se to Tre bi nje. From BiH the drugs pass to Cro a tiaand Slo ve nia and then on to Cen tral Euro pe. BiH is al so a small but gro wing de sti na tionfor drugs (ref tel A).

Il li cit Arms Tra de 7. (S/NF) Tra de in arms mostly in vol ves re si dual arms left over from the war, of ten

sto len from mi li tary wa re ho u ses. Many we a pons re main in the co un try, po sing an in ter -nal se cu rity thre at whi le arms from BiH are al so smug gled to Al ba nia, Ko so vo, and EUco un tri es.

Hu man Traf fic king 8. (U) Whi le the si tu a tion has im pro ved, and BiH has mo ved up from Ti er Three to

Ti er Two, the pro blem con ti nu es to exist. Most traf fic king vic tims are wo men and te e na -ge girls, alt ho ugh the re are so me re ports of traf fic king in chil dren, espe ci ally Ro ma ni chil -dren, for for ced la bor. A num ber of Chi ne se na ti o nals (men and wo men) who ha ve tran -si ted thro ugh BiH may ha ve been traf fic ked for for ced la bor. In 2005, the ma jo rity of pro -sti tu tion-re la ted traf fic king ca ses in vol ved eit her lo cal wo men or wo men from the Ukra -i ne, Mol do va, Ro ma nia, Ser bia and Mon te ne gro.

Il le gal Im mi gra tion 9. (U) BiH is lar gely a con du it to We stern Euro pe with a ma jo rity of il le gals co ming

from Ser bia, Mon te ne gro, Ko so vo, and Al ba nia. The strengthe ning of the Sta te Bor derSer vi ce and se cu rity at the Sa ra je vo and Tu zla air ports (thro ugh U.S. as si stan ce) has ledto a re duc tion in the num ber of il le gals en te ring the co un try. Ho we ver, on ce in the co un -try, it is dif fi cult to track fo re ig ners. The re is no in te gra ted in for ma tion system or alien de -ten tion cen ter. In 2005, 465 per sons we re ar re sted for im mi gra tion vi o la ti ons and mostwe re simply re le a sed pen ding sta tus adju di ca tion. Only 60 we re ac tu ally de por ted. In2005 BiH cre a ted a new sta te-le vel im mi gra tion ser vi ce and plans to bu ild a much-ne e -ded 60-bed alien de ten tion cen ter by the end of the year. 104

Mo ney La un de ring 10. (C) OC gro ups at tempt to “la un der” or recycle mo ney ga i ned from il li cit ac ti vi -

ti es thro ugh le gi ti ma te bu si nes ses as qu ickly as pos si ble. The recycling of il le gal funds issu spec ted to ha ve played a ro le in in fla ted real esta te pri ces in cer tain parts of the co un -try. Vir tu ally all OC gro ups are be li e ved to ha ve front com pa ni es in clu ding: banks, gassta ti ons, re sta u rants/bars, bet ting par lors, je we lry sto res, se cu rity firms, de mi ning com pa -ni es, con struc tion com pa ni es, energy and pe tro le um com pa ni es, fo re stry com pa ni es, te -le com com pa ni es, and im port/ex port firms. Mom ci lo Man dic, for exam ple, cur rently incu stody char ged with war cri mes, em bez zle ment to aid war cri me fu gi ti ves, and bankfraud in the Pri vred na Ban ka Srp ska Sa ra je vo ca se, is su spec ted of using his chain ofMan dic Fuel gas sta ti ons in the Re pu bli ka Srp ska to la un der funds.

III. Ma jor Types of Or ga ni zed Cri me Gro ups Fe de ra tion 11. (C) Sand zak Clan. The Clan is highly or ga ni zed, lo cally in flu en tial and in ter na -

ti o nally con nec ted. Sand zak is a re gion bet we en Ser bia, Mon te ne gro and Ko so vo most-ly po pu la ted by Ser bian Mu slims. Most of the clan’s mem bers ha ve ti es to the re gion andbe gan mo ving in to Sa ra je vo in the 1970s. The num bers star ted in cre a sing sig ni fi cantly inthe 1990s when a lar ge num ber of “new bu si nes smen” ori gi nally from Sand zak star tedin ve sting in pri va ti za ti ons of pro fi ta ble pu blic com pa ni es, ma jor con struc tion pro jects(malls, ho tels) and real esta te. Much of the mo ney ca me from il le gal ac ti vi ti es, such asnar co tics traf fic king and the smug gling of arms and ot her wi se le gal go ods such as lum -ber and ci ga ret tes. Over the years the Clan has been able to in fil tra te ad mi ni stra ti ve, po -li ti cal and law en for ce ment cir cles, and has clo se links to the do mi nant Mu slim party inBiH, SDA.

12. (C) Al ba nian Clan. Al ba ni ans star ted mo ving to the Sa ra je vo re gion and BiH inthe se cond half of the 1990’s. The ir num bers sig ni fi cantly in cre a sed af ter the 1999 war inKo so vo. Upon ar ri val, many star ted tra di ti o nal small bu si nes ses such as grills, ba ke ri es,candy/ca ke shops, and bars. The se bu si nes ses we re of ten fun ded thro ugh lo ans pro vi dedby OC gro ups. This ena bled the Clan to cre a te net works for mo ney la un de ring, smug -gling, and di stri bu tion of va ri o us il le gal go ods. Al ba nian OC gro ups are al so in vol ved inex tor ti on rac kets, pro sti tu tion, and hu man traf fic king. In the last few years they ha ve star -ted de ve lo ping le gi ti ma te bu si nes ses and buying po li ti cal pro tec tion from the SDA,which is part of the go ver ning co a li tion at the na ti o nal le vel.

13. (C) Her ze go vi na Clan. Clans in lar gely Cro a tian We stern Her ze go vi na are in -vol ved in mo ney la un de ring, fraud, tax eva sion, and are lin ked to the do mi nant Cro a tianparty HDZ, which has re ce i ved mil li ons of off-the-bo oks con tri bu ti ons from Bo snianCro at di a spo ra in Cro a tia. Nar co tics al so pass freely from Mon te ne gro thro ugh We sternHer ze go vi na to the Cro a tian co ast.

Re pu bli ka Srp ska 14. (S/NF) The re al so are im por tant Ser bian OC gro ups, con trol led by both Bo snian

Serbs and Serbs from Ser bia, of ten with con nec ti ons to Rus sia. The re is a gre at deal ofover lap bet we en the Ser bian war cri mi nal sup port net work, na ti o na list Ser bian po li ti ci ans,RS po li ce, the SDS party, and Ser bian OC. Mo ney from sta te-run en ter pri ses in the RS isdi ver ted to off-sho re ac co unts for the per so nal gain of in di vi dual party mem bers, to partycof fers to sup port po li ti cal ac ti vi ti es, and to the sup port net works of PIFWCs such as Ra -

105

do van Ka rad zic. In the RS, such ac ti vi ti es ha ve in vol ved or ga ni zed cri mi nal gro ups fromSer bia and Mon te ne gro such as the Ze mun Clan, as so ci a ted with the as sas si na tion of Ser -bian PM Djin djic in 2003. A good exam ple is Mom ci lo Man dic, for mer Ju sti ce Mi ni sterin the war ti me RS go vern ment (see pa ra graph 10) who was de sig na ted by the U.S. Tre a -sury De part ment as a key fi nan cial sup por ter of ICTY fu gi ti ve Ra do van Ka rad zic. Si mi -larly, re cently ar re sted ICTY in dic tee Mi lan Lu kic was re por ted in the me dia to be part ofthe war cri mi nal sup port net work for Ka rad zic, and was on ce a ma jor he roin traf fic ker.

15. (C) A par ti cu larly egre gi o us exam ple is for mer Re pu bli ka Srp ska (RS) Po li ceDi rec tor Dra go mir An dan, who re sig ned in April 2006 un der pres su re from ICTY Chi efPro se cu tor Car la del Pon te. In a let ter to RS PM Do dik del Pon te sta tes: “We ha ve an ex -ten si ve and de ta i led pro fi le of An dan who se re cord in clu des nu me ro us al le ga ti ons of cri -mi nal con duct be fo re, du ring and af ter the war. He was un do ub tedly in clo se re la ti on ship(in clu ding per so nal) with ICTY fu gi ti ve Rat ko Mla dic.”

IV. Pos si ble Links Bet we en OC Gro ups and Ter ro rist Or ga ni za ti ons 16. (S/NF) Isla mic non-go vern men tal or ga ni za ti ons (NGOs) in Bo snia, whi le not

openly advo ca ting vi o len ce, ha ve ma de so me pro gress in ra di ca li zing small seg ments ofthe po pu la tion and pro vi ding sup port net works to fo re ign Mu ja hi deen who re ma i ned inBo snia af ter the war in the 1990s (ref tel B). So me Bo sni ak firms (e.g. se cu rity com pa ni -es, im port/ex port firms) ha ve been lin ked to Mu ja hi deen in Bo snia, and, via tho se in di -vi du als, to gro ups in vol ved in ter ro rist fi nan cing. Ho we ver, the re is no hard evi den ce ofsyste ma tic lin ka ges bet we en or ga ni zed cri me gro ups and ter ro rist or ga ni za ti ons. The reare so me re ports that Mo ha med Ali Ga si, a well-known et hnic Al ba nian OC fi gu re, hasti es to Al ba nian arms de a lers. It has been re por ted that Ha san Cen gic, one the fo un dersof SDA and a pro mi nent Mu slim mem ber of par li a ment, is al so an OC rin gle a der whohas ti es to Mu slim ter ro rist ele ments and to TWRA (Third World Re li ef Agency).TWRA, a Mu slim NGO, was ope ra ti o nal in BiH du ring the war and is re por tedly lin kedto al-Qa e da. Tho ugh Cen gic was re cently ac qu it ted of cor rup tion char ges in the BiH Sta -te Co urt, the pro se cu tion has ap pe a led the ver dict.

V. Le a ding OC Fi gu res and Gro ups 17. (S/NF) The pro fi les be low are of ac ti ve OC or ga ni za ti ons and in di vi du als. So -

me of this in for ma tion is in the pu blic do main, so me not. Much of the in for ma tion waspro vi ded by con tacts in law en for ce ment in sti tu ti ons at the sta te, en tity and can to nal le -vel. Of par ti cu lar help (strictly pro tect) we re Dra gan Lu kac, Di rec tor of the Cri mi nal In -ve sti ga ti ons De part ment at the Sta te In ve sti ga tion and Pro tec tion Agency (SI PA), Va hidAla gic, De puty Di rec tor Sta te Bor der Ser vi ce, Lji lja na Tri sic, Mi ni stry of Se cu rity, Zo -ran Man dic, new Di rec tor of the East Sa ra je vo Pu blic Se cu rity Cen ter in Pa le, and a num -ber of for mer U.S. po li ce of fi ci als em bed ded with lo cal law en for ce ment agen ci es un derthe U.S. De part ment of Ju sti ce (ICI TAP) pro gram. Still, due to the ne fa ri o us and sha -dowy na tu re of the in di vi du als and the ir ac ti vi ti es, so me of this in for ma tion must be cha -rac te ri zed as no mo re than in tel li gent spe cu la tion.

SI PA Tar ge ting Se ven OC Gro ups 18. (S/NF) Ja ho ri na/Pa le East Sa ra je vo Gro up This gro up has over 100 pe o ple, half

of whom are cur rent RS po li ce of fi cers. The SDS is be li e ved to ha ve ori gi nally esta blis -106

hed the gro up to ra i se mo ney to sup port PIFWCs, in clu ding Ra do van Ka rad zic. Mom ci -lo Man dic, Mi lo van Bje lji ca, and Mir ko Sa ro vic, all of whom are in jail awa i ting trial forbank fraud and mo ney la un de ring, on ce di rec ted the gro up. All of the fol lo wing are be li -e ved to ha ve links to the Ja ho ri na/Pa le East Sa ra je vo Gro up. Ra do mir Ko jic, for mer po -li ce of fi cer, la un ders mo ney thro ugh his Crystal Ho tel in Ja ho ri na. Re por tedly runs Zdra -le and Elez (see be low). Dor de “Dzo ka” Zdra le gro up – for mer po li ce of fi cer lin ked to14 un sol ved mur ders, pro tec tion rac kets, mur der for hi re, drugs. Lin ked to Sa ra je vo OCfi gu re Re miz “Ce lo” De la lic (from the Sand zak area of Mon te ne gro) in traf fic king nar -co tics to Sa ra je vo. Re por tedly (with Sla ven Vu kaj lo vic, Jo van Sko bo) had kil led OC fi -gu re Mi lo rad To do ro vic (2005) and his brot her Ze lji ko and si ster-in-law (2004) be ca u seMi lo rad re fu sed to pay pro tec tion mo ney. Po li ce con si der him to be a typi cal mu scle man,hot-tem pe red, not too bright. Has been seen re cently in Tre bi nje. Zdra le is al so lin ked toBel gra de-ba sed Ra ko vic ki Clan and the ir le a der Ne boj sa Stoj ko vic who has sent pro fes -si o nal kil lers to BiH. Dar ko Elez gro up – in vol ved in ar med rob bery and mur der for hi -re (USD 20,000/mur der). He fell out with Zdra le and Sko bo, and is now in Ser bia. OnJu ne 29, 2006, he al le gedly stop ped a Pri vred na Bank Sa ra je vo cash truck and sto le 2.2mil lion Euros. On July 10, the Sa ra je vo Pro se cu tors of fi ce is sued a war rant for his ar rest.This is the sixth ma jor bank rob bery in 2006 in the Fe de ra tion. Po li ce con si der him smart,tac ti cal, and well or ga ni zed. Elez re cently con tac ted SI PA lo o king for a deal, cla i ming hehas in for ma tion on the Ra to Spa jic mur der. Spa jic, a Pa le OC fi gu re, was mur de red inMarch 2005 re por tedly for defying the Pa le ma fia by re fu sing to pay pro tec tion mo ney(SI PA tells us Spa jic held a BiH di plo ma tic pas sport). Elez and Zdra le we re clo se (Elezwas Zdra le’s best man) alt ho ugh re cently they ha ve be co me bit ter ri vals. In fact, in July2006 Elez re por tedly tried to kill Zdra le by plan ting three an ti-per son nel mi nes on the si -de of the road in East Sa ra je vo. Jo van Sko bo is a for mer Pa le Po li ce com man der and lin -ked to war cri mes, Ka rad zic’s sup port net work, drugs, mo ney la un de ring, and rac ke te e -ring. His son, Mi ro slav, is part of his gro up. Mir ko Su bo tic, cur rently East Sa ra je vo Pu -blic Se cu rity Cen ter Uni for med Po li ce Chi ef, is re por tedly con nec ted to Jo van Sko bo.Lju ban Ecim is a le a ding East Sa ra je vo cri me fi gu re and for mer chi ef of Ba nja Lu ka Sta -te Se cu rity. He was for many years an im por tant link in the pro tec tion of PIFWC in dic -tee Ra do van Ka rad zic.

19. (S/NF) Ig man Gro up Bo sni ak Ismet “Ce lo” Baj ra mo vic was a war ti me com -man der of a Bo snian spe cial army unit and has good con nec ti ons with Sa ra je vo po li ce.He has re por tedly been in vol ved in ex tor ti on, blac kmail, kid nap ping, theft, and mur derfor hi re. Mu ha med Ali Ga si is a well-known et hnic Al ba nian OC fi gu re and a su spect ina num ber of cri mes in clu ding car-bom bings, nar co tics traf fic king, and has ti es to Al ba -nian arms de a lers. Na sar Ka le mi dre is a very vi si ble et hnic Al ba nian who owns the Ca -sa Gran de ho tel in Sa ra je vo and dri ves a red Fer ra ri. In 2005 he ap plied for an ex port li -cen se in the U.S. in or der to buy two ar mo red ve hic les (his re qu est was de nied, of co ur -se). He is con nec ted to for mer Ko so vo mi li tary com man der and PM Ra mus Ha ra di naj.He is in vol ved in drugs and arms tra ding, with pos si ble ter ro rist con nec ti ons. The re is al -so a pos si ble Ha san Cen gic/SDA con nec tion. Al so con nec ted to Ka le mi dre is Acik Kan,a Tur kish mem ber of the SDA. Brot hers Ha ris and Ham do Da cic. Sand zak con nec tion,re por tedly la un de red USD 12 mil lion thro ugh ho tels ow ned in Sa ra je vo.

20. (S/NF) Sa va Gro up Ra mo Ku jo vic (cur rently in pre trial cu stody), Sead Ca u -se vic, and Sa dik Ke vric. Ope ra te in the Tu zla/Brc ko cor ri dor, in vol ved in drugs and

107

TIP (Ser bian, Ukra i nian, Mol do vian wo men). Ini ti ally in vol ved in traf fic king Kurds.Con nec ted to Fe rid Okic who was sen ten ced to 22 years in 2006 for mur der, kid nap -ping and rob bery. He re por tedly is stll in vol ved with run ning the or ga ni za tion frompi son.

21. (S/NF) Tre bi nje Gro ups Sla ven Vu kaj lvic, in vol ved in nar co tics, mur der for hi -re, car theft, lin ked to Tre bi nje bom bings (see be low). Al so im pli ca ted – Dra zen Si ni ko -vic, Ve li bor Ale sic, and Dra zen Ra dic. Zelj ko Ta so vac was ar re sted by SI PA on Ju ne 29,2006, along with six ot her in di vi du als, in clu ding Ne boj sa Vu ko je. The so-cal led Ta so vacgro up is im pli ca ted in 11 bom bings in Tre bi nje over the last year, tar ge ting cars be lon -ging to a jud ge’s son and law en for ce ment per son nel. They ha ve been lin ked to car thefts,for gery of of fi cial do cu ments, drug run ning, and in ter fe ring with ju di cial pro ces ses. Theyare re por tedly lin ked to SDS and used RS po wer com pany trucks (Elec tro pri ve da) totran sport drugs and turn off po wer du ring drug tran sit runs. The se in di vi du als will li kelybe char ged with mur der, OC, and in ter fe ring with ju di cial pro ces ses.

22. (S/NF) Bi je li na Gro up Uglje sa Ara ni to vic (aka Go ran Pe tro vic DOB 6/26/76,POB Sa ra je vo) is in vol ved in drugs, arms traf fic king, rac ke te e ring, and pro tec tion. As so -ci a ted with Ze mun Clan in Ser bia, which was re spon si ble for the as sas si na tion of Ser bianPM. Al so im pli ca ted – Velj ko Do sic, Mi le La kic. Ara ni to vic re por tedly was con nec ted toPIFWC Zelj ko “Ar kan” Raz na ti voc, who was mur de red in 2002.

23. (S/NF) Mo star/Her ze go vi na Gro up An te Je la vic al le gedly fun ne led mil li ons ofdol lars il le gally to the HDZ thro ugh Her ce go vac ka Ban ka. In Oc to ber 2005, he was con -vic ted of bank fraud and sen ten ced to ten years, but he esca ped to Cro a tia, which has re -fu sed to ex tra di te him. Mla den Dzi dic, Al mir Ser da re vic, De nis Ce ti a lo vic, said to be in -vol ved in drugs, TIP, and pro sti tu tion.

24. (S/NF) Bi hac Gro up Hot Ve lia, Zi jan Mu ra to vic, and Mu so Muj kle pur por tedlyin vol ved in TIP and do cu ment for ge ri es.

VI. Com ment 25. (C) Whi le this re port pa ints a grim pic tu re, the news is not all bad. The U.S. and

the in ter na ti o nal com mu nity ha ve in ve sted mil li ons of dol lars over the years to esta blishvi a ble ru le of law in sti tu ti ons and we can po int to many suc ces ses. We hel ped cre a te andstand up the Sta te Bor der Ser vi ce, the FBI-li ke Sta te In ve sti ga tion and Pro tec tion Agency(SI PA), the sta te-le vel Mi ni stry of Se cu rity, and the BiH Sta te Co urt and Pro se cu tor’s Of -fi ce (ref tels C, D). Bo snia has mo ved from Ti er Three to Ti er Two sta tus as a re sult ofpro gress ad dres sing the pro blem of traf fic king in per sons. Post, in co njun ction with theDe part ment of Ju sti ce (ref tel E), will con ti nue to pro vi de fun ding, tec hni cal as si stan ce,and tra i ning aimed at de ve lo ping sta te-le vel law en for ce ment ca pa ci ti es. We will con ti -nue to as sist SI PA’s CT, OC, and fi nan cial cri me units de ve lop, and help esta blish ad mi -ni stra ti ve pro ce du res for se i zing and for fe i ting as sets of cri mi nal en ter pri ses. We will as -sist the new im mi gra tion ser vi ce (Fo re ig ners Af fa irs Ser vi ce) get off the gro und, and con -ti nue wor king with the Sta te Pro se cu tor’s of fi ce and the Mi ni stry of Se cu rity to im pro veor ga ni zed cri me, fi nan cial cri me, nar co tics traf fic king, and TIP pro se cu ti ons. End Com -ment.

Cef kin108

XXXIIRe fe ren ce id: 06BEL GRA DE1294Su bject: Ser bia: Pre si dent Ta dic On Up co ming Trip To U.s.Ori gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Wed, 16 Aug 2006 08:12 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2006/08/06BEL GRA DE1294.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO1495 PP RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU E HROV

RU EH SR DE RU EHBW #1294/01 2280812 ZNY CCCCC ZZH P 160812Z AUG 06FM AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC PRI O RITY9165 IN FO RU EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE PRI O RITY RU E -AW JA/DEPT OF JU STI CE WASHDC PRI O RITY RUFGSHD/USNMR SHA PE BEPRI O RITY RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC PRI O RITY 1175 RU EKJCS/JO INT STAFFWASHDC PRI O RITY RU FO A DA/JAC MO LE SWORTH RAF MO LE SWORTHUK PRI O RITY RHMFISS/CDR USE U COM VA I HIN GEN GE PRI O RITY RX FE -AA/HQ AF SO UTH NA PLES IT PRI O RITY

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DIS SIP DIS EMB CLE ARS SHA RING MES SA GE WITH AH TI SA A RI E.O. 12958:

DECL: 08/15/2016 Tags: PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PHUM [Hu man Rights], PREL [Ex -

ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], SR [Ser bi a], YI [Yugo sla vi a], MW [Mon te ne gro] Clas si fied By: POL CO UN SE LOR GU STA VO DEL GA DO PER RE A SONS 1.4

(B) and (D).

1. (C) Sum mary: Am bas sa dor met with Pre si dent Ta dic on 9 August to di scuss pre -pa ra ti ons for his up co ming vi sit to the U.S., sche du led for the first we ek of Sep tem ber.Ta dic re tur ned to the usual broad the mes ) the need for elec ti ons be fo re the end-ga me onKo so vo; the need to work clo sely with Ko stu ni ca’s DSS (and the IC) in or ga ni zing a&de moc rats vs. ra di cals8 cam pa ign; va gue as su ran ces that he will mo ve qu ickly to turnthe pa ge and fo cus on post-Ko so vo is su es af ter sta tus is set tled. Ta dic is ready to talk abo -ut a stra te gic part ner ship that go es beyond Ko so vo sta tus but his tra de mark ca u tion stillra i ses qu e sti ons abo ut what he is wil ling to do to ma ke it hap pen.

2. (U) We will need Was hing ton’s in put on the SO FA NLT 8/21 if we are to ha veany chan ce of get ting it thro ugh the GOS in ti me for the Sec re tary to sign it with Ta dic.A sce ne-set ting mes sa ge for Ta dic’s trip will fol low sep tel. End sum mary

3. (U) Ta dic star ted by re vi e wing items pen ding be fo re he de parts for the U.S. Hesaid it was im por tant to con firm Ge ne ral Po nos as Chi ef of the Ge ne ral Staff qu ickly, ide -ally be fo re his trip. He re fer red to ra ti fi ca tion of the SO FA agre e ment in the sa me vein,no ting the need to get the green light from the U.S. so he wo uld ha ve eno ugh ti me to workit thro ugh the go vern ment when it re con ve nes on 17 August. He re fer red to on go ing pri -

109

va te di scus si ons with the PM’s staff and ef forts to ar ran ge a me e ting bet we en him andKo stu ni ca to push Po nos and the SO FA thro ugh and to be gin tal king abo ut mo re co or di -na ted ef forts in pre pa ra tion for pos si ble elec ti ons.

4. (C) In re spon se to the Am bas sa dor’s qu e sti on on whet her he was pre pa red to ap -po int Po nos uni la te rally if Ko stu ni ca re fu sed, Ta dic de mur red, no ting his need to pre ser -ve ma xi mum spa ce for fu tu re col la bo ra tion with Ko stu ni ca. Ta dic said he fe a red that ifhe pres sed the is sue on his own the go vern ment might with hold de spe ra tely ne e ded fundsfrom the mi li tary as a way to un der mi ne his aut ho rity over the ar med for ces. Ta dic saidKo stu ni ca’s re cent ef fort to cla im aut ho rity over an ti-ter ro rist for ces in the army was a&dan ge ro us mo ve8 and he was he ar te ned that the De fen se Mi ni ster had cla ri fied thecom ment in the press se ve ral days la ter. Ta dic ur ged us to use our con tacts with the go -vern ment, in clu ding the Fi nan ce mi ni ster, to push the pen ding de fen se re la ted items.

5. (C) The Am bas sa dor to uc hed on se ve ral po ints in pre pa ra tion for Ta dic’s vi sit toWas hing ton. The Am bas sa dor en co u ra ged Ta dic to ac ti vely en ga ge in his me e tings onways of strengthe ning bi la te ral ti es in the fu tu re. ICTY co o pe ra tion was cri ti cal. The Am -bas sa dor re min ded Ta dic of our 11 ac tion po ints pas sed to the GOS and him. Ta dic saidhe wo uld con ti nue to do everything he co uld to sup port the go vern ment’s ef forts and ac -know led ged the need to add mo re de ta ils to the go vern ment’s own Mla dic Ac tion plan.

6. (C) The Am bas sa dor ob ser ved that whi le the out co me of the Ko so vo set tle menttalks was ge ne rally known and li kely be dif fi cult for Ser bia, it wo uld be ma na ge a ble.The re was no ex pec ta ti on that Ser bia wo uld &wel co me8 the out co me; the im por tantthing was to qu ickly mo ve on in a con struc ti ve way. Ta dic re cal led what he had told Am -bas sa dor Wi sner du ring his re cent la te July vi sit to Ser bia: he wo uld be gin the day af terthe set tle ment to strengthen his re la ti ons with the three axes of Ser bia’s fo re ign po licy(U.S., Euro pe and Rus sia). The trip to the U.S. wo uld al low him to get a jump start onthat ef fort. For that re a son, he ho ped to sign the SO FA agre e ment with Sec re tary Ri ce andplan ned to con ti nue on to Ohio to me et with the head of the Na ti o nal gu ard the re. (Ta dicagreed that it ma de sen se to al so me et with the go ver nor and ot her lo cal ci vi lian le a dersin Ohio to talk abo ut the full ran ge of co o pe ra tion ope ned up un der the Sta te Part ner shipPro gram (SPP).)

7. (C) The Am bas sa dor pra i sed Ta dic for his po si ti ve re spon se to the re cent Con tactGro up de mar che and for his help in en su ring that Ser bia stayed en ga ged in Vi en na. Ta -dic said that he was re as su red by Ko stu ni ca that the PM had no in ten tion of pul ling outof the talks. Ta dic said, ho we ver, that he was con cer ned abo ut re ports that Ah ti sa a ri, in apri va te me e ting with Serb ne go ti a tors af ter the mi no rity rights di scus sion in Vi en na on 8July, had said that Ser bia was &gu ilty as a na tion for what hap pe ned in Ko so vo.8 Ta dicsaid he was sur pri sed gi ven the IC’s fo cus on in di vi dual re spon si bi lity; a pu blic sta te mentby Ah ti sa a ri to that ef fect wo uld cre a te hu ge pro blems for Ta dic. The Am bas sa dor no tedin cre a sing con cern abo ut de ve lop ments in nort hern Ko so vo and ur ged Ta dic to com mitto using his in flu en ce as well as his aut ho rity as com man der in chi ef to en su re aga inst anydan ge ro us mischi ef. Ta dic said he wo uld do so, but no ted his own wor ri es how thingswo uld de ve lop on the gro und.

8. (C) Ta dic re tur ned to his oft-re pe a ted ar gu ments abo ut the need for early elec ti -ons be fo re the Ko so vo set tle ment is an no un ced. The Am bas sa dor said that the we wo uldbe ready with an ag gres si ve Get Out the Vo te (GOTV) cam pa ign to help get de moc ra ticvo ters to the polls; was Ta dic ready to do the co a li tion bu il ding that wo uld be ne ces sary?110

Ta dic said he wo uld be wor king with the PM as well as with all the small de moc ra tic par -ti es to de fe at the Ra di cals. He wo uld not be able to sup port FM Dra sko vic to con ti nue asFM (&my party wo uld re volt if I did anything to block early elec ti ons8) but wo uld con -si der en li sting his SPO party furt her down the li ne. The next elec tion, said Ta dic, wo uldbe the most im por tant in Ser bia’s hi story. It wo uld be im por tant to work clo sely in theGOTV and to ca re fully con trol the NGO’s in vol ved.

9. (C) Com ment: Ta dic sho wed on ce again his pre fe ren ce to di scuss Ser bia’s fu tu -re, af ter Ko so vo. He is com mit ted to a stron ger re la ti on ship with the U.S. and with Euro -pe if not al ways wil ling to push de ci si vely in the right di rec tion. His up co ming vi sit willof fer an op por tu nity to en ga ge him in a di rect way on his vi sion of the fu tu re as well ashis plans for get ting the re.

Mo o re

XXXIIIRe fe ren ce id: 06BEL GRA DE1325Su bject: Icty Ac tion Plan Up da te Num ber 3: August 18, 2006Ori gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Tue, 22 Aug 2006 10:15 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec retSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2006/08/06BEL GRA DE1325.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXYZ0000 OO RU EH WEB DE RU EHBW #1325/01 2341015 ZNY

SSSSS ZZH O 221015Z AUG 06 FM AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE TO RU EHC/SEC -STA TE WASHDC IM ME DI A TE 9199 IN FO RU EHVJ/AMEM BASSY SA RA JE VO0248 RU EHTC/AMEM BASSY THE HA GUE 0490 RU EHVB/AMEM BASSY ZA -GREB 1361 RU E A I IA/CIA WASHDC RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC 1181 RU -EHBS/USEU BRUS SELS RU EH NO/USMIS SION USNA TO 0606RUCNDT/USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK 0239

Hi de he a der

Sec ret SIP DIS E.O. 12958: DECL: CLO SU RE OF ICTY Tags: ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a], PREL [Ex -

ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PHUM [Hu manRights], SR [Ser bi a]

Clas si fied By: Am bas sa dor Mic hael Polt, re a sons 1.4 (b,d)

Sum maryThis ca ble de scri bes GoS ICTY Ac tion Plan im ple men ta tion as of August 18, 2006. 1. (c) One month in to the an no un ce ment of the Ac tion Plan (AP), the re is still no

sign of a su sta i ned and pu blic se ni or-le vel ef fort to pre pa re the gro und for a Mla dic han -do ver. Vi si ting ICTY of fi ci als sha red our di sap po int ment at the pa ce of work on the ac -

111

tion plan, and agreed that the ul ti ma te suc cess of the plan will de pend in lar ge part on PMKo stu ni ca’s wil ling ness to en ga ge per so nally and com mit tedly – both to sig nal to the pu -blic a chan ge in po licy away from “vo lun tary sur ren ders,” and to sig nal to ope ra ti o nal pe -o ple that they will in fact get the po li ti cal co ver/bac king they need if they suc ceed in lo -ca ting and ar re sting Mla dic. Whi le sta te ments by Lja jic and ot hers over the we e kend ofAugust 19-20 show so me mo ve ment on a me dia cam pa ign, the few sta te ments from thetop le vels of the go vern ment con ti nue to re frain from cal ling for Mla dic’s ar rest and in -stead con sist of the usual half me a su res of af fir ming the go vern ment’s com mit ment to“ful fill its in ter na ti o nal obli ga ti ons.” End sum mary.

ICTY Me e tings 2. (c) Pri or to our we ekly me e ting with Lja jic, DCM and po loff met August 18 with

ICTY chi ef in ve sti ga tor Pa trick Lo pez-Ter res at the lo cal ICTY he a dqu ar ters. He had co -me out of so me pre li mi nary Bel gra de me e tings August 14-15 and a trip to Mon te ne groAugust 16-17. He was sche du led to me et with the AP te am af ter me e ting with us (mo reon that be low). It was cle ar af ter our di scus si ons that we are of the sa me mind with re -gards to ac ti ons so far, i.e., unim pres sed. Lo pez-Ter res said del Pon te is in cre a singly fru -stra ted at the lack of pro gress, and still su spects lo cal of fi ci als are with hol ding in for ma -tion. Lo pez-Ter res was a lot mo re fo cu sed on Vuk ce vic and his ro le, and was ap pa rentlylo o king for ways to put pres su re on Vuk ce vic to do mo re to pro du ce re sults. In par ti cu -lar, Lo pez-Ter res cri ti ci zed Vuk ce vic’s “hands-off” ap pro ach to the ope ra ti o nal aspects ofthe Mla dic hunt – in con trast to Cro a tian pro se cu tor Ba jic’s mo re ener ge tic ro le in the Go -to vi na pro cess. We sha red with him our im pres sion that Vuk ce vic, whi le ho nest and for -thright, is not go ing to be in a po si tion to ma ke so met hing hap pen un til and un less Ko -stu ni ca gets on bo ard and ma kes it cle ar to his pe o ple that he is on bo ard.

Ac ti ons 3. (c) Lja jic told us la ter in the day that the go vern ment had ma de a de ci sion to di -

smiss Ge ne ral Kr stic from his post at the So ut hern Ser bia co or di na tion body be ca u se ofhis pro-Mla dic com ments (as he had hin ted in our first me e ting – SEP TEL). We wel co -med the news, but asked why this fact wasn’t ma de pu blic, as what wo uld se em an ob -vi o us part of a vi go ro us me dia cam pa ign. Lja jic so mew hat she e pishly said go ing pu blicwo uld gi ve Kr stic a so ap box, so they didn’t want to for ce the is sue. We re spon ded thatthis wo uld just pre sent anot her op por tu nity to mo ve a vi go ro us me dia cam pa ign for ward,and re i te ra ted that the go vern ment was mis sing an op por tu nity to show it is wil ling to actfor cibly aga inst tho se who con tra dict the ir (pre su med) com mit ment to wrap up Mla dic.

4. (s) Lja jic al so told us the GoS had a new lead ) a fri end of To li mir’s wi fe was spot -ted ta king so me me di ca ti ons in to Ba nja Lu ka ) the in di ca tion be ing that they had so mefresh le ads on pic king up To li mir, but not hing mo re spe ci fic (tho ugh he did say at the endhe was ho pe ful the re wo uld be so met hing mo re sub stan tial to re port in the next 10-12days).

5. (c) Lja jic said the GoS as ses sment now is that Mla dic has de ve lo ped a new sup -port net work, and they are trying to pe ne tra te it, but they al so had to fa ce the pos si bi litythat Mla dic might ne ver be ca ught.

6. (c) Fi nally, Lja jic said Lo pez-Ter res had dec la red him self “im pres sed” af ter me -e ting with the AP te am la ter in the mor ning. He said the te am had pas sed to Lo pez-Ter -112

res all the ir new ac ti vi ti es (com pri sing just tho se items we ha ve re por ted from our last twome e tings – SEP TELS), and that Lo pez-Ter res se e med sa tis fied. We qu e sti on whet her Lo -pez-Ter res wo uld ha ve been im pres sed with the mo dest ad di ti o nal in for ma tion ge ne ra tedto da te, gi ven our con ver sa ti ons with him.

Me dia Plan 7. (c) Lja jic said a me dia te am will be for med in the next we ek to de ve lop a com -

pre hen si ve plan that wo uld in clu de TV and ra dio spots on war cri mes, le a king of in ve sti -ga ti ve de ta ils to the press (as men ti o ned in pre vi o us me e tings – SEP TELS), ro und ta blesand se mi nars with pro mi nent Ser bian analysts and aca de mics abo ut war cri mes and fa -cing the past, and broc hu res and pamphlets ex pla i ning so me of the war cri mes com mit -ted du ring the Bal kan wars. He al so said he has a me e ting sche du led with Ko stu ni ca thewe ek of August 21, in which he will ur ge the PM to co me out with a de fi ni ti ve pu blicsta te ment abo ut Mla dic (No te: The Am bas sa dor plans to see Ko stu ni ca August 24, whenthe USG 11-po int pro po sal will be high on the agen da. End no te.). He asked for our helpwith (a) paying sa la ri es or gi ving ot her fi nan cial sup port to the me dia te am, and (b) ap -po in ting so me o ne at the Em bassy who co uld li a i se with the te am and help them craft the -ir mes sa ge. Lja jic was so mew hat de spon dent on the abi lity of any me dia cam pa ign to re -ver se pu blic opi nion over night. We re min ded him that the pu blic ne eds lit tle pre pa ra tionfor GoS ac tion aga inst Mla dic – the GoS me dia stra tegy sho uld be exe cu ted as ad di ti o -nal pres su re po ints on Mla dic and his sup por ters.

8. (u) Fol lo wing our me e ting, the re was a spa te of ICTY-re la ted sta te ments in the lo -cal press thro ug ho ut the we e kend. So me we re good – Lja jic no ting his ex pec ta ti on thatMla dic wo uld ha ve to be ar re sted, Fon min Dra sko vic’s (ap pa rently un co or di na ted) sta -te ment that the go vern ment sho uld pre pa re a me dia plan to ex pla in to the Ser bian pe o plethe he i no us cri mes of which Mla dic is ac cu sed, and a sta te ment by Bis hop Gri go ri je ofHer ce go vi na that his con gre ga tion wo uld not to le ra te war cri mi nals wal king the stre etsof the ir town (Tre bi nje). In ad di tion, lo cal me dia (qu o ting un na med go vern ment so ur ces)re por ted on Kr stic’s re mo val as de puty chi ef of the so ut hern Ser bia co or di na ting body(SEP TEL) for ma king pro-Mla dic sta te ments.

9. (u) Un for tu na tely, the “go vern ment so ur ce” por trayed the re mo val as at the in si -sten ce of the in ter na ti o nal com mu nity, not as the prin ci pled act of a re spon si ble go vern -ment. No tably, the re has been no of fi cial sta te ment from the go vern ment abo ut the re mo -val. In ad di tion, both Ko stu ni ca and Lo cal Go vern ment Af fa irs Mi ni ster Lon car ma deICTY-re la ted sta te ments over the we e kend, but both si de step ped the is sue of ar re stingMla dic and in stead stuck to re pe ti ti ons of the “ful fil ling Ser bia’s in ter na ti o nal obli ga ti -ons” li ne (tho ugh both did re fer to Mla dic’s “han do ver” to ICTY). Go vern ment spo ke -sman Dju ric ma de a si mi lar sta te ment, for go ing an op por tu nity to call for Mla dic’s ar restbut put ting par ti cu lar emp ha sis on the need to ar rest for mer Bo snian com man der Du da -ko vic (for his com mand re spon si bi lity in war cri mes ap pe a ring on re cently-re le a sed vi -de os from Ope ra tion Storm and/or ot her en ga ge ments).

Com ment 10. (c) Ope ra ti o nally, Lja jic se ems con fi dent new le ads are de ve lo ping, tho ugh he

ca u ti o ned that they are no ne a rer the “fi nal pri ze.” Po li ti cal buy-in from the high le velpe o ple who mat ter is still far from ap pa rent one month in to the AP. We re min ded Lja -

113

jic that del Pon te may ma ke an as ses sment as early as mid-Sep tem ber; that this as ses -sment wo uld ha ve a sig ni fi cant im pact on the EU’s de ci si ons re gar ding re star ting SAAtalks; and that MIN FIN Din kic has pro mi sed to pull G-17 Plus out of the go vern ment(and per haps bring it down) if talks ha ven’t re star ted by the end of Sep tem ber. The lu -ke warm (at best) re cep tion Din kic got for his “Plan Plus” pro po sal in Brus sels August17 ) Rehn es sen ti ally just re i te ra ted that Mla dic has to be in The Ha gue for talks to re -start ) only re in for ces what we see as the EU’s skep ti cism (sha red by us) of Bel gra de’spo li ti cal will.

Mo o re

XXXIVRe fe ren ce id: 06BEL GRA DE1371Su bject: Icty Ac tion Plan Up da te #4; August 25, 2006Ori gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 07:49 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec ret//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2006/08/06BEL GRA DE1371.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXYZ0004 PP RU EH WEB DE RU EHBW #1371/01 2420749 ZNY

SSSSS ZZH P 300749Z AUG 06 FM AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE TO RU EHC/SEC -STA TE WASHDC PRI O RITY 9242 IN FO RU EHVJ/AMEM BASSY SA RA JE VO0251 RU EHTC/AMEM BASSY THE HA GUE 0492 RU EHVB/AMEM BASSY ZA -GREB 1363 RU E A I IA/CIA WASHDC RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC 1183 RU -EKJCS/SEC DEF WASHDC RU EHBS/USEU BRUS SELS RU EH NO/USMIS SIONUSNA TO 0608 RUCNDT/USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK 0241 RU EHPS/USOF -FI CE PRI STI NA 3516

Hi de he a der

Sec retSIP DIS NO FORN STA TE FOR SWCI E.O. 12958: DECL: CLO SU RE OF ICTY Tags: ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a], PREL [Ex -

ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PROG, PHUM [Hu man Rights], SR [Ser bi a] Ref: BEL GRA DE 1325 AND PRE VI O US Clas si fied By: Am bas sa dor Mic hael C. Polt, re a sons 1.4 (b,c,d) This ca ble de scri bes

GoS ICTY Ac tion Plan Im ple men ta tion as of August 25, 2006.

Sum mary 1. (c) This we ek saw the most ac tion to da te on the me dia cam pa ign por tion of the

Ac tion Plan. Ko tu ni ca ma de a pu blic sta te ment abo ut Ser bia’s re ol ve to hand over Mla -dic to The Ha gue – if he is fo und on the te ri tory of Ser bia. Whi le the PM’ sta te ments we -re wel co me, we ha ve con ti nued to pus him to be mo re ex pli cit on ar rest and to su stin hisper so nal en ga ge ment in a step ped up cam pa ign (sep tel). Ope ra ti o nally, the GoS is ex pres -114

sing con fi den ce that they may see so me re sults in the ne ar fu tu re on fu gi ti ve in dic te es –tho ugh not on Mla dic. End sum mary.

Ac ti ons 2. (s) Co-Ac tion Plan co or di na tor Ra sim Lja jic told em boffs du ring the ir we ekly Ac -

tion Plan im ple men ta tion bri e fing that the GoS is wor king on three tracks now ) Had zic,To li mir, and Mla dic. Re gar ding Had zic, he said the GoS is go ing af ter his fi nan ci ers inNo vi Sad, le a ning par ti cu larly hard on one in di vi dual to for ce him to talk or go ban krupt.(NFI).

3. (s) Re gar ding To li mir, he said they we re se e ing ad di ti o nal pro gress over what wasre por ted last we ek. He said BIA chi ef Ra de Bu la to vic told him so met hing co uld hap penvery soon. He no ted To li mir’s wi fe had been ex tre mely well bri e fed on com mu ni ca ti onspro ce du res, ke e ping very tight rein on her cel lpho ne and lan dli ne con ver sa ti ons, ma kingonly one small mi sta ke in the past two years (NFI).

4. (s) Re gar ding Mla dic, he said they had re cently ex pan ded sur ve il lan ce me a su resaga inst pe o ple known or su spec ted of be ing in Mla dic’s new sup port net work (ref) ) toin clu de so me num ber of ac ti ve mi li tary of fi cers. All the su bjects un der sur ve il lan ce arein Bel gra de. He said he tho ught ar re sting the pre vi o us sup por ters had been a mi sta ke, asit dro ve the net work un der gro und and for ced Mla dic to use new fa ces.

Me dia Plan5. (c) Lja jic was in ten sely in te re sted in the Em bassy’s re ac tion to the Ko stu ni ca sta -

te ment. Em boffs told him that this was a ge ne rally po si ti ve step, but not en ti rely suf fi ci -ent. He asked what the in ter na ti o nal com mu nity still ne e ded to he ar. Em boffs re spon dedthat, whi le una ble to spe ak for all in te re sted par ti es, at le ast three main chan ges to Ko stu -ni ca’s ap pro ach wo uld be help ful: first, he sho uld eli mi na te the qu a li fi ers, stop ping at theneed to ap pre hend Mla dic and not ad ding the shop worn “if fo und on the ter ri tory of Ser -bia”. Se cond, Ko stu ni ca sho uld ex pli citly say Mla dic will be ar re sted – saying Ser bia iscom mit ted to “hand him over” to The Ha gue (lo cal me dia tran sla ted it as “ex tra di te”) do -es not sig nal to Ser bia’s pe o ple or its law en for ce ment and in tel li gen ce com mu ni ti es thatthe go vern ment will and sho uld ar rest him. Fi nally, the PM and ot her go vern ment spo -ke spe o ple sho uld stop dra wing pa ral lels bet we en Mla dic and Du da ko vic. The Ac tionPlan is abo ut Ha gue in dic te es, espe ci ally Mla dic, and that ) and that alo ne ) ne eds to bethe fo cus of the sta te ments. Em boffs al so re i te ra ted that the PM’s mes sa ge wo uld only re -gi ster thro ugh re pe ti tion ) we ne e ded to see a con cer ted, we ek-in we ek-out cam pa ign, notjust a one-off. Lja jic se e med to ta ke the po ints se ri o usly. (No te Am bas sa dor ra i sed the is -sue di rectly with PM Ko stu ni ca in a 8/29 me e ting ) see sep tel. End No te)

Ot her Is su es 6. (s/nf) Lja jic said he tal ked to del Pon te by vi deo link on August 23, and she told

him (in stric test con fi den ce, so ple a se pro tect) she wo uld not gi ve a re port to the EU inSep tem ber. She told him she co uld not gi ve a po si ti ve re port now due to lack of pro gressto da te, but tho ught gi ving a ne ga ti ve re port wo uld be co un ter-pro duc ti ve – i.e., wo uld“de-mo ti va te” the ope ra ti o nal pe o ple who, she said (ac cor ding to Lja jic), se e med to bema king mo re se ri o us ef forts. She told Lja jic she wo uld not is sue a po si ti ve re port un tilMla dic was lo ca ted (No te: not cap tu red), and pre fer red to stay qu i et un til that ti me to al -

115

low Bu la to vic and ot her ope ra ti o nal pro fes si o nals to do the ir jobs. Lja jic said they di scus -sed Din kic’s di lem ma, abo ut cla i ming he wo uld qu it the go vern ment – the reby for cingnew elec ti ons – if talks didn’t re start by Oc to ber 1. Lja jic sur mi sed that, if the re was so -me sub stan tial mo ve ment (em boffs in fer red that to mean ap pre hen sion of To li mir orHad zic) in the me an ti me, that might gi ve Din kic eno ugh po li ti cal co ver to stay his de ci -sion tem po ra rily.

Com ment 7. (c) The sta te ments we saw on the 25th we re the most di rect so far, and we re de -

li ve red li ve by Ko stu ni ca him self – not thro ugh a go vern ment spo ke sper son. We be li e vethis to be a ne ces sary, but not suf fi ci ent, ele ment to a suc cessful me dia cam pa ign – a cam -pa ign that sho uld ide ally in clu de the Ser bian equ i va lent of an Oval Of fi ce ad dress fromKo stu ni ca to the Ser bian pe o ple. As for Din kic, he and ot her G-17 Plus se ni or of fi ci alscon ti nue to be ada mant that they will wit hdraw sup port from the go vern ment if SAA talksdo not re su me by Oc to ber 1. Sin ce the EU so unds in cre a singly in tran si gent on the mat -ter, and with del Pon te se e mingly un pre pa red to is sue a re port ab sent so lid in for ma tionon Mla dic, Din kic may soon find his hand for ced.

Mo o re

XXXVRe fe ren ce id: 06PA RIS6042Su bject: French Agree With U.s. On Ser bia’s Need To Co o pe ra te With The IctyOri gin: Em bassy Pa ris (Fran ce) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 8 Sep 2006 15:15 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2006/09/06PA RIS6042.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO5287 OO RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU E HROV

RU EH SR DE RU EH FR #6042 2511515 ZNY CCCCC ZZH O 081515Z SEP 06 FMAMEM BASSY PA RIS TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC IM ME DI A TE 1143 IN FORU EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE PRI O RITY RU EHTH/AMEM -BASSY AT HENS PRI O RITY 0660 RU E HRL/AMEM BASSY BER LIN PRI O RITY6345 RU EHSL/AMEM BASSY BRA TI SLA VA PRI O RITY 0324 RU EHBS/AMEM -BASSY BRUS SELS PRI O RITY 5824 RU E HUP/AMEM BASSY BU DA PEST PRI O -RITY 0432 RU EHCP/AMEM BASSY CO PEN HA GEN PRI O RITY 1375 RU -EHDL/AMEM BASSY DU BLIN PRI O RITY 0528 RU EH HE/AMEM BASSY HEL -SIN KI PRI O RITY 1209 RU E HLI/AMEM BASSY LIS BON PRI O RITY 1004 RU -EHLJ/AMEM BASSY LJU BLJA NA PRI O RITY 0377 RU E HLO/AMEM BASSYLON DON PRI O RITY 6230 RU E HLE/AMEM BASSY LU XEM BO URG PRI O RITY0370 RU EHMD/AMEM BASSY MA DRID PRI O RITY 2402 RU EHNC/AMEM -BASSY NI CO SIA PRI O RITY 0433 RU EHPG/AMEM BASSY PRA GUE PRI O RITY0457 RU E HRA/AMEM BASSY RI GA PRI O RITY 0166 RU E HRO/AMEM BASSYRO ME PRI O RITY 7971 RU EHSM/AMEM BASSY STOC KHOLM PRI O RITY 1419RU EHTL/AMEM BASSY TAL LINN PRI O RITY 0307 RU EHTC/AMEM BASSY116

THE HA GUE PRI O RITY 2579 RU EHVT/AMEM BASSY VAL LET TA PRI O RITY0154 RU E HVI/AMEM BASSY VI EN NA PRI O RITY 1598 RU EHVL/AMEM -BASSY VIL NI US PRI O RITY 0204 RU EH WR/AMEM BASSY WAR SAW PRI O -RITY 0810 RU EHBS/USEU BRUS SELS PRI O RITY 1731 RUCNDT/USMIS SIONUSUN NEW YORK PRI O RITY 0881

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DIS E.O. 12958: DECL: 09/07/2016 Tags: PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons],

PI NR [In tel li gen ce], ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a],SR [Ser bi a], YI [Yugo sla vi a], FR [Fran ce; Cor si ca]

Ref: STA TE 146343 Clas si fied By: PO LI TI CAL MI NI STER CO UN SE LOR JO SI AH RO SEN BLATT

FOR RE A SO NS 1.5 (b) and (d)

1. (C) French MFA of fi cers re spon si ble for the Bal kans con fir med on Sep tem ber 7that the GOF was “com ple tely in li ne” with U.S. thin king on Ser bia’s need to de mon stra -te ef fec ti ve co o pe ra tion with the ICTY. Fran ce, he said, had been skep ti cal abo ut the EU“Ac tion Plan” from the start and was now con vin ced that it had only ser ved to com pli -ca te the si tu a tion. French of fi ci als con ti nue to en co u ra ge Ser bia to ta ke con cre te steps toap pre hend Mla dic and de li ver him to The Ha gue.

2. (C) MFA of fi ci als no ted that not all co un tri es in the EU sha red Fran ce’s re sol veand that the Fin nish Pre si dency, EU High Re pre sen ta ti ve So la na, the Ita li ans, Ger mans,and the Austri ans might be wil ling to over lo ok Ser bia’s lack of co o pe ra tion with theICTY, in or der to re start SAA ne go ti a ti ons. Many EU mem bers, they ad ded, tho ught itwas ne ces sary to gi ve Ser bia so me sort of in cen ti ve as Ko so vo fi nal sta tus ne go ti a ti onsen ter the end ga me. The GOF ho ped that Car la Del Pon te’s up co ming re port might gi veFran ce’s po si tion mo re trac tion in the EU. The French stres sed that lac king real Ser biancom mit ment to the Ac tion Plan, Fran ce wo uld lobby aga inst re o pe ning SAA ne go ti a ti -ons. They ad ded, ho we ver, that the GOF was not li kely to block con sen sus. The Cro a tiaex pe ri en ce had shown them that it was not worthwhi le; bi la te ral ten si ons with Za grebper sist as a re sult of Fran ce’s hol do ut po si tion on SAA ne go ti a ti ons last year.

3. (C) The French sur mi sed that EU de mands for gre a ter co o pe ra tion with the ICTYas a pre con di tion to re o pe ning SAA ne go ti a ti ons wo uld not put sig ni fi cant pres su re onSer bia. The prin ci ple, ho we ver, is im por tant. Ser bia still vi e wed EU mem ber ship in theab stract; the vi sa re gi me has mo re im me di acy and is, they said, the most ef fec ti ve toolEuro pe ans had to pres su re Ser bia. That said, when asked what Fran ce tho ught abo utusing Schen gen talks as a stron ger po li ti cal tool, our MFA in ter lo cu ters no ted that the reis a gre at deal of sympathy in the GOF for the Serbs’ vi sa si tu a tion. It was in no one’s in -te rests to block your ave ra ge Ser bian ci ti zen from ac cess to EU co un tri es whe re they co -uld bet ter le arn we stern va lu es and di sco ver bu si ness op por tu ni ti es that wo uld even tu allyas sist the re co very of the Ser bian eco nomy. Ple a se vi sit Pa ris’ Clas si fied Web si te at:http://www.sta te.sgov.gov/p/eur/pa ris/in dex.c fm

Sta ple ton117

XXXVIRe fe ren ce id: 06RO ME2535Su bject: Icty: Italy Ca u ti o usly Sup ports In cre a sed Pres su re On Bel gra deOri gin: Em bassy Ro me (Italy) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 8 Sep 2006 14:46 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2006/09/06RO ME2535.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments: VZCZCXRO5276 OO RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU E HROV

RU EH SR DE RU E HRO #2535 2511446 ZNY CCCCC ZZH O 081446Z SEP 06 FMAMEM BASSY RO ME TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC IM ME DI A TE 5880 IN -FO RU EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE PRI O RITY RU -EHBW/AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE PRI O RITY 0277 RU E HRL/AMEM BASSYBER LIN PRI O RITY 1653 RU E HLO/AMEM BASSY LON DON PRI O RITY 1277RU EHTC/AMEM BASSY THE HA GUE PRI O RITY 1252 RU EHFL/AM CON SULFLO REN CE PRI O RITY 1709 RU EH MIL/AM CON SUL MI LAN PRI O RITY 7617RU EHNP/AM CON SUL NA PLES PRI O RITY 1823 RU EHPS/USOF FI CE PRI STI -NA PRI O RITY 0367 RU EKJCS/SEC DEF WASHDC PRI O RITY

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DIS E.O. 12958: DECL: 09/09/2016 AGS: ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for

the for mer Yugo sla vi a], PI NR [In tel li gen ce], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs],PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], SR [Ser bi a], YI [Yugo sla vi a], IT [I taly]

Ref: STA TE 146343 Clas si fied By: Clas si fied by Da vid D. Pe ar ce, Po li ti cal Mi ni ster Co un se lor, for re -

a sons 1.4 (b) and (d). (C)

Po loff de li ve red ref tel po ints to Di rec tor of the Bal kans Of fi ce of the Ita lian MFARa i mon do De Car do na on Sep tem ber 8. De Car do na sta ted that as a mem ber of the Con -tact Gro up, Italy was a strong sup por ter of the ICTY and be li e ved that com pli an ce con -ti nued to be an un con di ti o nal obli ga tion for the Ser bian go vern ment. De Car do na agreedthat the cur rent Ser bian ac tion plan on ICTY ne e ded to pro du ce re sults and Italy wo uldcon ti nue to press for the tran sfer of Mla dic and Ka rad zic. Italy, ho we ver, con ti nu es to ur -ge ca u tion on the part of the in ter na ti o nal com mu nity with re gard to pus hing the cur rentde moc ra tic and pro-We stern Ser bian go vern ment too hard si mul ta ne o usly on ICTY andKo so vo sta tus in advan ce of pos si ble par li a men tary elec ti ons in Ser bia.

Spo gli

XXXVIIRe fe ren ce id: 06BEL GRA DE1566Su bject: A/s Fried’s Sept 25 Me e tings with Ser bian Le a dersOri gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia)

118

Ca ble ti me: Thu, 28 Sep 2006 08:01 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec ret//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2006/09/06BEL GRA DE1566.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO2718 OO RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU E HROV

DE RU EHBW #1566/01 2710801 ZNY SSSSS ZZH O 280801Z SEP 06 FM AMEM -BASSY BEL GRA DE TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC IM ME DI A TE 9429 IN FORU EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE IM ME DI A TE RU E A I IA/CIAWASHDC IM ME DI A TE RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC IM ME DI A TE 1195 RU -EKJCS/SEC DEF WASHDC IM ME DI A TE RU EH NO/USMIS SION USNA TO IM -ME DI A TE 0610 RU EHPS/USOF FI CE PRI STI NA IM ME DI A TE 3528

Hi de he a der

Sec ret SIP DIS NO FORN E.O. 12958: DECL: 09/28/2016 Tags: PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons],

PBTS [Na ti o nal Bo un da ri es, Ter ri to ri es, and So ve re ignty], YI [Yugo sla vi a], SR [Ser bi a] Clas si fied By: Am bas sa dor Mic hael C. Polt for re a sons 1.4(b) and (d)

1. (S/NF) Sum mary: In se pa ra te me e tings on Sep tem ber 25 in Bel gra de, As si stantSec re tary Fried de li ve red to Pri me Mi ni ster Ko stu ni ca, Pre si dent Ta dic and Fo re ign Mi -ni ster Dra sko vic the fol lo wing unam bi gu o us mes sa ges: Ko so vo will be in de pen dent,Serbs and Ser bian cul tu re in Ko so vo will be pro tec ted, and the USG is com mit ted to sup -port Ser bia’s in te gra tion in to Euro-Atlan tic in sti tu ti ons. Trying to hold on to Ko so vo thro -ugh de sta bi li za tion will fail and de rail Ser bia’s Euro-Atlan tic in te gra tion whi le ac tion onICTY will ac ce le ra te it. As usual, Ko stu ni ca ga ve le gal ar gu ments aga inst Ko so vo in de -pen den ce and said Ser bia’s fu tu re in Euro pe is “beyond dis pu te.” Ta dic, by con trast,thinks he can avoid “lo sing Ko so vo” in the eyes of the elec to ra te if cer tain church/mi no -rity gu a ran te es are in pla ce and ho pes we can pro vi de him a bo ost (such as PfP) du ringelec ti ons. Dra sko vic, clo ser to Ta dic on the way for ward, stres sed the need to ar rest Mla -dic. The three men are al ready in cam pa ign mo de and ex pect elec ti ons be fo re 2007. EndSum mary.

Ko stu ni ca 2. (S/NF) The Pri me Mi ni ster, un cha rac te ri sti cally up be at and jo i ned by advi sors

Alek san dar Si mic and Vla de ta Jan ko vic, wan ted to talk abo ut the past de spi te the op por -tu nity A/S Fried pro vi ded him to di scuss how best the USG can help him and ot her de -moc rats af ter Ko so vo sta tus is re sol ved. Ko stu ni ca said that stan dards we re al ways a pre -con di tion to sta tus (the PM ci ted Kai Eide’s 2005 re port) and a lack of re turns, fre e domof mo ve ment and se cu rity from et hni cally mo ti va ted cri me are all in di ca ti ons of this. ThePM se e med ener gi zed in de ploying his cu sto mary le gal ar gu ments, saying he “fe elsgood, even if alo ne, on the si de of in ter na ti o nal law.” A/S Fried no ted frankly that Ko so -vo was go ne. He ma de cle ar Ser bia’s cho i ce: eit her go Mi lo se vic’ ro u te to “a dark na ti o -na list pla ce” by fo men ting in sur rec tion in Mi tro vi ca, Re pu bli ka Srp ska and el sew he re or

119

ta ke the road to Euro pe and an im pro ved eco nomy, mo re jobs and a bet ter fu tu re for allSerbs. The day af ter Ko so vo sta tus, A/S Fried emp ha si zed, wo uld be cri ti cal to de ter mi -ning along which path Ser bia pro ce eds. Ko stu ni ca as ses sed that Ser bia’s Euro pean vo ca -tion was un qu e sti o ned de spi te re i te ra ting his re fu sal to ac cept an in de pen dent Ko so vo onle gal gro unds.

3. (S/NF) Ko stu ni ca re pe a ted his po si tion that “all pos si ble things are be ing do ne”to de li ver Mla dic (whom he cal led “an ob stac le” for Ser bia) to The Ha gue and said it issimply “a mat ter of ti me” be fo re this is at ta i ned. A/S Fried re min ded the Pri me Mi ni sterof the USG’s re com men da ti ons of ac tion the GOS sho uld un der ta ke and han ded himagain our 11 sug ge sti ons. Ko stu ni ca was ge ne rally di smis si ve, saying “we can’t ha ve twoac tion plans.”

Ta dic 4. (S/NF) The Pre si dent, jo i ned by advi sors Vuk Je re mic and Bran ko Ra duj ko, re -

spon ded very dif fe rently from Ko stu ni ca by wan ting to fo cus on the fu tu re af ter Ko so vosta tus. Ta dic told A/S Fried that Ko so vo’s in de pen den ce do es not ne ces sa rily mean a“loss” if pro perly de fi ned in the minds of the elec to ra te. He ela bo ra ted that et hnic vi o len -ce, an exo dus by Ko so vo Serbs or the loss of rights wo uld all cer ta inly mean they “lostKo so vo.” A/S Fried po si ted that pro tec ti ons for Ko so vo Serbs and “Ser bian-ness”(church, mi no rity and ot her pro tec ti ons) might mean avo i ding such a loss. A/S Fried un -der sco red that now is the ti me for Ta dic to di scuss the se ar ran ge ments with Spe cial En -voy Ah ti sa a ri.

5. (S/NF) Ta dic said that he left New York with the im pres sion that so me EU co un -tri es are con si de ring re la xing PfP con di ti o na lity if the re is mo re evi den ce that the GoS isac ti vely pur su ing Mla dic. A/S Fried ac know led ged that cle ar ac ti ons by the GoS to ar restMla dic might pro vi de a ba sis “for so me” to ar gue for ta king anot her lo ok at PfP con di ti -o na lity.

6. (S/NF) Ta dic al so ra i sed Bo snia, af fir ming his op po si tion to re dra wing bor ders orpar ti tion of the co un try. A/S Fried pus hed Ta dic to ma ke that cle ar to RS PM Do dik andwork aga inst his calls for a re fe ren dum. Ta dic com men ted that USG pres su re on Do dikin this re gard is a po si ti ve fac tor. Re fer ring to the re cently agreed on “spe cial re la ti on ship”bet we en RS and Ser bia, Ta dic said Ser bia plan ned to of fer the sa me to the rest of Bo snia,in clu ding a plan un der con si de ra tion to of fer Ser bian ci ti zen ship to all Bo sni ans. A/SFried strongly cri ti ci zed this idea, ci ting si mi lar and de sta bi li zing of fers by Rus sia in pla -ces li ke Ab kha zia.

Dra sko vic 6. (S/NF) Dra sko vic ex pres sed his usual ar gu ments aga inst Ko so vo in de pen den ce:

a new Ber lin Wall bet we en Ser bia and Ko so vo, in sta bi lity in Al ba nian re gi ons in Ma ce -do nia and Mon te ne gro, pre ce den ce for “fro zen con flicts” li ke Os se tia and Tran sdni ster,and “tur bu len ce in Bo snia.” Ne vert he less, the Fo re ign Mi ni ster re spon ded fa vo rably toA/S Fried’s com mit ment of USG sup port for Ser bia’s in te gra tion in Euro-Atlan tic in sti -tu ti ons. Dra sko vic said that in Ser bia the call for such in te gra tion “is no vo i ce in the wil -der ness,” ci ting over whel ming sup port in polls for EU mem ber ship. On ICTY, Dra sko -vic said that Mla dic is a “dis gra ce to his na tion” and that he is com mit ted to re pa ir the da -ma ge. 120

7. (S/NF) Com ment: A/S Fried cen tral mes sa ge – the over ri ding im por tan ce of Ser -bia’s Euro pean fu tu re – was cle arly he ard in his pri va te and pu blic mes sa ges du ring thisvi sit. Ne it her Ser bia’s le a ders nor its pu blic are re ally in do ubt abo ut the Ko so vo out co -me. What is lac king is cle ar com mu ni ca tion bet we en the le a der ship and the ci ti zens abo -ut the hard truth. Am bas sa dor Fried pus hed hard on en co u ra ging that di a lo gue. End Com -ment.

8. (U) A/S Fried cle a red this mes sa ge af ter de par ting post. Polt

XXXVIIIRe fe ren ce id: 06BEL GRA DE1567Su bject: Icty Ac tion Plan Up da te #5; Sep tem ber 27, 2006Ori gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia)Ca ble ti me: Thu, 28 Sep 2006 08:01 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec ret//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2006/09/06BEL GRA DE1567.htmlHi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com mentsVZCZCXYZ0001 PP RU EH WEB DE RU EHBW #1567 2710801 ZNY SSSSS

ZZH P 280801Z SEP 06 FM AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE TO RU EHC/SEC STA TEWASHDC PRI O RITY 9431 IN FO RU EHVJ/AMEM BASSY SA RA JE VO 0254 RU -EHTC/AMEM BASSY THE HA GUE 0495 RU EHVB/AMEM BASSY ZA GREB1373 RU E A I IA/CIA WASHDC RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC 1197 RU EKJCS/SEC -DEF WASHDC RU EHBS/USEU BRUS SELS RUCNDT/USMIS SION USUN NEWYORK 0244 RU EH NO/USMIS SION USNA TO 0612 RU EHPS/USOF FI CE PRI STI -NA 3530

Hi de he a der

Sec ret SIP DIS NO FORN DEPT FOR SWCI AND EUR/SCE E.O. 12958: DECL: CLO SU RE

OF ICTY Tags: ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a], PREL [Ex -

ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PROG, PHUM [Hu man Rights], SR [Ser bi a] Ref: (A) BEL GRA DE 1547 (B) BEL GRA DE 1371 AND PRE VI O US Clas si fied By: Am bas sa dor Mic hael C. Polt, re a sons 1.4 (b,c,d)

1. (U) This is the most re cent in our we ekly re ports on GOS ef forts on the Mla dicAc tion Plan. Last we ek’s re port was in clu ded in ref tel (a), the re por ting ca ble of Am bas -sa dor Wil li am son’s (S/WCI) vi sit to Bel gra de 12-14 Sep tem ber and our sub se qu ent di -scus sion with Lja jic on the 15th. Pri or re ports in ref tel (b). This re port co vers the pe riodfrom 18-22 Sep tem ber.

2. (S) Sum mary: ICTY Ac tion Plan co-co or di na tor Ra sim Lja jic had very lit tle tore port in this we ek’s (18-22 Sep tem ber) re vi ew of Ac tion Plan de ve lop ments. He con fir -med that co-co or di na tor Vuk ce vic had sent the la test pro gress re port to ICTY ear li er this

121

we ek and en ga ged in a “di sap po in ting” DVC with Car la Del Pon te on Sep tem ber 21; hepled ged that the pen ding law pro vi ding ac cess to in tel re ports and ju ris dic tion re gar -ding the ac ti vi ti es of the Mla dic sup port net work wo uld be pas sed next we ek; and here fer red to the la test le ads in the sur ve il lan ce ope ra tion of su spec ted Mla dic sup por ters.End Sum mary.

3. (S) Lja jic ex pres sed fru stra tion with Del Pon te’s cri ti cal com ments du ring theSep tem ber 21 DVC. Del Pon te, he said, se ems to ha ve now adop ted a uni formly ne ga ti -ve vi ew of Bel gra de’s ef forts. She told Vuk ce vic that he was not suf fi ci ently in vol ved inthe ef fort and that she was dis sa tis fied with re sults. Lja jic ec hoed his com ments to us lastwe ek, com pla i ning abo ut Del Pon te’s “mi xed mes sa ges” and ob ser ving that in was un -re a li stic to ex pect eit her Co or di na tor to be as in vol ved ope ra ti o nally as she now se e medto sug gest. Lja jic said that Del Pon te se ems to ha ve fi xed on re fe ren ces in the in ter ro ga -tion re ports which had Pav ko vic re mar king that “if you want in for ma tion abo ut Mla dicyou sho uld ask VBA head Ko vac; he knows everything.” Ac cor ding to Lja jic, Del Pon -te told them in the DVC that she was su re Ko vac had all the an swers.

4. (S) Lja jic said that Vuk ce vic’s la test re port had been tran smit ted to The Ha gue ear -li er in the we ek, but played down its sig ni fi can ce. It re co un ted de ta ils of in ter vi ews andsur ve il lan ce re ports which only re flec ted Bel gra de’s long shot ap pro ach: pur sue smallfish in the net work in the ho pe of ina dver tently net ting a big catch. Lja jic said that To li -mir’s wi fe had sho wed up at the VMA, ap pa rently trying to link up with a co u sin whohad chec ked out ear li er in the mor ning. She had been able to eva de her han dlers for se -ve ral mi nu tes and may ha ve been able to ex chan ge in for ma tion with se ve ral Doc tors.The re we re strong in di ca ti ons that To li mir was qu i te ill and was in need of cri ti cal me di -cal at ten tion. Lja jic al so no ted that Jo go had sent a thre a te ning let ter to Ko vac’s de putywar ning him to back off.

5. (S) Lja jic said that he ex pec ted the draft law that wo uld pro vi de ac cess to fi les onthe ac ti vity of the sup port net work, the sa me law that wo uld gi ve Vuk ce vic ju ris dic tionover ac com pli ci es aiding and abet ting fu ga ti ves, to be adop ted by par li a ment the we ek ofSep tem ber 25. He no ted that the law will li kely al low the go vern ment to pro se cu te Lu -go nja, who had been un der sur ve il lan ce for so me ti me. (No te: Lu go nja’s ar rest was re -por ted in the press on 9/22; Lja jic says he was im me di a tely ta ken cu stody at the air portbe fo re de par ting Ser bia.) Lja jic no ted that Zar ko Sto ja no vic, a mi li tary po li ce man shownsa lu ting a pic tu re of Mla dic ear li er in the we ek in the Bel gra de daily Glas, had been su -spen ded wit ho ut pay. He played down press re ports that the re we re le ads abo ut PFWCHa djic’s whe re a bo uts.

Polt

XXXIXRe fe ren ce id: 06BEL GRA DE1644Su bject: Di sap po in ting Del Pon te Vi sit To Bel gra de (icty Ac tion Plan Up da te No.

6, Sept 25 – Oct 3)Ori gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 6 Oct 2006 09:16 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2006/10/06BEL GRA DE1644.html

122

Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO7383 PP RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU E HROV

RU EH SR DE RU EHBW #1644/01 2790916 ZNY CCCCC ZZH P 060916Z OCT 06//ZDS// FM AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC PRI O -RITY 9505 IN FO RU EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE PRI O RITYRU EHVJ/AMEM BASSY SA RA JE VO PRI O RITY 0261 RU EHTC/AMEM BASSYTHE HA GUE PRI O RITY 0497 RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC PRI O RITY 1204 RU -EKJCS/JO INT STAFF WASHDC PRI O RITY RU EKJCS/SEC DEF WASHDC PRI O -RITY RU EHBS/USEU BRUS SELS PRI O RITY RU EH NO/USMIS SION USNA TOPRI O RITY 0614 RUCNDT/USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK PRI O RITY 0247RHMFISS/HQ USE U COM VA I HIN GEN GE PRI O RITY

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DIS COR REC TED COPY– PA RA GRAPH CLASS MAR KINGS CHAN GED STA -

TE FOR EUR/SCE, EUR/RPM STA TE AL SO FOR S/WCI E.O. 12958: DECL: CLO -SU RE OF ICTY

Tags: PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons],SR [Ser bi a]

Clas si fied By: Am bas sa dor Mic hael Polt, re a sons 1.5 (b,d)

Sum mary 1. (C) As fo res ha do wed by ICTY Ac tion Plan Co or di na tor Lja jic la te last we ek, the

Ser bian go vern ment pre sen ted lots of pro mi ses but re por ted lit tle sub stan ti ve pro gress inOc to ber 2-3 me e tings with vi si ting ICTY Chi ef Pro se cu tor Car la Del Pon te. At the endof her vi sit, CDP told us that her as ses sment of the GOS’ im ple men ta tion of its Mla dicAc tion Plan is “ab so lu tely ne ga ti ve.”

Lja jic’s We ekly Re port: No Good News 2. (C) In his we ekly me e ting with pol co uns on Sep tem ber 29, Lja jic had not hing

new to re port. He ap pe a red un happy abo ut the ar ri val of Del Pon te and se e med re sig nedto an un ple a sant vi sit. He no ted her cri ti cal re marks af ter her me e ting with EU En lar ge -ment Com mis si o ner Rehn, but was ada mant that the go vern ment was do ing everythingpos si ble to lo ca te Mla dic and the ot her re ma i ning PIFWCs. He said that Del Pon te wo -uld re ce i ve a de ta i led re port of the in tel li gen ce and ac ti vi ti es re la ted to the Mla dic se arch,but it wo uld add not hing new from pro se cu tor Vuk ce vic’s most re cent re port. On thepost po ne ment of the trial of Mla dic sup por ters an no un ced ear li er in the we ek, Lja jic sta -ted that whi le the jud ge had han dled it less than op ti mally, the re was no real sur pri se inthe de fen dants’ ef forts to ac cu se the go vern ment of com pli city. He did not ex pect that toal ter the li kely gu ilty ver dict.

3. (C) When asked abo ut how re cent po li ti cal events – the re sig na tion of G17 Plusand the pas sing of the new con sti tu tion by Par li a ment – might im pact GOS ef forts onMla dic, Lja jic said, “that is the exact qu e sti on I po sed to the Pri me Mi ni ster this mor -

123

ning.” He com men ted that the pac ka ge that had been ap pro ved in con nec tion with thecon sti tu tion (par li a men tary vo te, re fe ren dum, fol low-on elec ti ons) was a “to tal far ce; un -be li e va ble even by Ser bian stan dards.” Whi le Lja jic opi ned that the elec tion-re la ted ac ti -vi ti es we re a sham, i.e., a bac kro om deal among the ma jor par ti es that wo uld ma ke there fe ren dum and elec ti ons only abo ut Ko so vo, Lja jic in si sted that the PM’s, his and theAc tion Te am’s ef forts on Mla dic we re se ri o us, tran spa rent, and wit ho ut re ser va tion.

Del Pon te Dis gu sted With Ser bian Ef forts4. (C) Del Pon te’s ar ri val se ve ral days la ter con fir med Lja jic’s ble ak prog no sis. In

her out bri ef to lo cal em bas si es fol lo wing two days of me e tings with Ser bian Go vern mentof fi ci als, Del Pon te said that she was “dis sa tis fied” with the im ple men ta tion of the Ac -tion Plan for three main re a sons. First, she con si de red the out flow of in for ma tion amongthe key players to be po or. Se cond, she was di sap po in ted with the lack of co or di na tionamong the Ser bian Sta te In tel li gen ce Ser vi ce (BIA) and the Ser bian Mi li tary In tel li gen -ce Ser vi ce (VBA). Third, she said that the GOS lac ked a fo cu sed and co he rent stra tegyand was me rely “fis hing aro und” in Mla dic’s sup port net work. On this po int, she ci tedin con si sten ci es in the GOS re ports on Ac tion Plan im ple men ta tion and cla i med that theGOS had ab so lu tely no pro mi sing le ads. She opi ned that if the re was no sig ni fi cant chan -ge in the se are as, the GOS wo uld “ne ver catch Mla dic.” Del Pon te an no un ced she wasas sig ning an analyst in Bel gra de to li a i se with the Ac tion Plan players to pro vi de her dailybri e fings and up da tes.

5. (SBU) Del Pon te cri ti ci zed Ser bian Pro se cu tor for War Cri mes Vuk ce vic’s ef forts,cla i ming he was “co or di na ting” and not “di rec ting” and that the re sults we re er ra tic andin con si stent. She no ted that BIA Chi ef Bu la to vic and VBA Head Ko vac ma de nu me ro -us cla ims in her me e tings of which Vuk ce vic was not awa re. She en ded by al le ging thather of fi ce has 2-3 pi e ces of “con cre te evi den ce” pro ving that the GOS is not co o pe ra tingwith the ICTY, ci ting lack of po li ti cal will to se ri o usly go af ter Mla dic.

Del Pon te Asks For US Advi ce6. (C) At a din ner with the Am bas sa dor, Del Pon te asked how she sho uld ap pro ach

her me e ting with Pri me Mi ni ster Ko stu ni ca. She de scri bed her fi ve-ho ur me e ting withVuk ce vic ear li er that day as “fi ve ho urs of trash.” The Am bas sa dor en co u ra ged Del Pon -te to press Ko stu ni ca to kick off an in ten si ve me dia cam pa ign with an “Oval Of fi ce-type”spe ech to the pu blic cal ling for Mla dic’s ar rest and ex tra di ti on. Del Pon te won de red whet -her she sho uld push Ko stu ni ca to fi re Bu la to vic and Ko vac sin ce they had pro du ced nore sults. The Am bas sa dor do ub ted that Ko stu ni ca wo uld ta ke any such ac tion, but agreedit wo uld not hurt to ma ke such a sug ge stion as a tec hni cal mo ve to sug gest the se ri o u -sness of our ap pro ach. Del Pon te fi nally ad mit ted to the Am bas sa dor that she was wrongin March when she de fi antly in si sted that Ko stu ni ca wo uld turn over Mla dic by April, butsaid she still had “a gut fe e ling” that so met hing po si ti ve wo uld hap pen with re gard toMla dic by the end of the year.

Ko stu ni ca’s Empty Pro mi ses7. (SBU) Ac cor ding to Del Pon te, Pri me Mi ni ster Ko stu ni ca told her that he was

wil ling to gi ve Vuk ce vic all the aut ho rity he ne e ded to head the se arch for Mla dic, in clu -ding sup port for le gi sla tion that wo uld gi ve the pro se cu tor the abi lity to tar get sup port net -124

works. Com ment: Sin ce Par li a ment is li kely to be in re cess un til af ter the con sti tu ti o nalre fe ren dum, Ko stu ni ca’s as su ran ces will ha ve lit tle prac ti cal ef fect in the ne ar term. Endcom ment. Alt ho ugh Ko stu ni ca al so as su red Del Pon te that the re we re no po li ti cal ob stac -les to ap pre hen ding Mla dic, she re ma ins ex tre mely skep ti cal. She cla i med that the Ac -tion Te am con fir med to her that the GOS mis sed an op por tu nity to ar rest Mla dic in Fe -bru ary, in stead op ting to com mu ni ca te with an in ter me di ary in an at tempt to en ti ce himto vo lun ta rily sur ren der.

8. (C) Del Pon te told lo cal Em bas si es that she had pres sed Pri me Mi ni ster Ko stu ni -ca to ma ke an Oval Of fi ce-type ad dress as well as to lead a mo re ag gres si ve pu blic cam -pa ign, which co uld cre a te a mo re con du ci ve cli ma te for Mla dic’s ar rest. Ko stu ni ca, whoDel Pon te de scri bed as “calm” and “qu i et” cla i med that he wo uld se ri o usly con si der the -se op ti ons and was “ready to do mo re,” but his wa te red down and unin spi red pu blic sta -te ment af ter the ir me e ting in di ca tes that he pro bably has no in ten tion of ta king mo re ag -gres si ve ac tion.

9. (C) CDP be mo a ned the fact that “she alo ne” is lo o king for Ka rad zic. NA TO’s de -par tu re from Bo snia and EUFOR’s lack of a cle ar PIFWC man da te ma de the pic tu re evenble a ker, she said. CDP said that the OTP be li e ved that Ka rad zic was fre qu ently on themo ve bet we en the RS, Mon te ne gro, and Ser bia, but that OTP’s “cur rent in for ma tion” isthat Ka rad zic is not/not in Ser bia. CDP’s te am al so re por ted that the GOS be li e ves thatPIFWC Go ran Had zic is not in Ser bia.

Com ment 10. (C) Del Pon te’s vi sit did not bring any new re ve la ti ons on the Ac tion Plan or the

se arch for Mla dic. Lja jic se ems in cre a singly de jec ted in our we ekly me e tings; whi le Vuk -ce vic in our pri va te di scus si ons se ems to be get ting ner vo us that he will be everyone’s fallguy for any dra ma tic fa i lu re. Cle arly fru stra ted, Del Pon te in di ca ted she wo uld pro bablypre sent a highly ne ga ti ve as ses sment to the EU Tro i ka la ter this month. Ko stu ni ca con ti -nu es to pro mi se full co o pe ra tion, but re fu ses to ta ke any sig ni fi cant ac tion on this is sue,and with the con sti tu ti o nal re fe ren dum, elec ti ons, and Ko so vo, it is li kely to be co me in -cre a singly dif fi cult to get the GOS to fo cus mo re in tently on this is sue.

Polt

XLRe fe ren ce id: 06BEL GRA DE1960Su bject: Se selj’s Hun ger Stri ke In cre a sing At ten tion For The Ra di calsOri gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Tue, 5 Dec 2006 06:30 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Un clas si fied//For of fi cial use onlySo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2006/12/06BEL GRA DE1960.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Fri, 26 Aug 2011 02:34 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on

Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTC (diff from ori gi nal)Me dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO6222 RR RU E HAG RU E HAST RU EH DA RU EHD BU RU EHDF

RU EHFL RU E HIK RU EHKW RU E HLA RU EHLN RU EHLZ RU E HROV RU EH -125

SR RU EHVK RU EHYG DE RU EHBW #1960/01 3390630 ZNR UUUUU ZZH R050630Z DEC 06 FM AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE TO RU EHC/SEC STA TEWASHDC 9837 IN FO RU EHPS/USOF FI CE PRI STI NA 3605 RU EHZL/EURO -PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC 1260 RU -EKJCS/SEC DEF WASHDC

Hi de he a der

Un clas Sec tionSEN SI TI VE SIP DIS E.O. 12958:N/A Tags: PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], KDEM [De moc ra ti za ti on], SR [Ser -

bi a], YI [Yugo sla vi a], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons]

Sum mary1. (SBU) The Ser bian Ra di cal party is ke enly fo cu sing its cam pa ign for par li a men -

tary elec ti ons in Ja nu ary on the con ti nu ing hun ger stri ke of the ir le a der, Vo ji slav Se selj,cur rently on trial in the Ha gue. As the cam pa ign trail he ats up, the Ra di cals will li kelycon ti nue to ex plo it Se selj’s la test an tics as a way to ramp up a cam pa ign mes sa ge that isan ti-Ha gue, and an ti-West. De spi te the sur pri se NA TO an no un ce ment on PfP that co uldcom pli ca te the an ti-West stra tegy, and so me di scord bet we en the le a der ship in Bel gra deand the ir le a der in the Ha gue, the Ra di cals are mo bi li zing thro ug ho ut the co un try to gat -her sig na tu res and sta ge ral li es in sup port of Se selj and his ha te ful and an ti-We stern mes -sa ge. End Sum mary.

Hun ger Stri ke Gar ne ring Sympathy2. (SBU) Fresh off the con tro ver sial de ath of for mer Yugo slav Pre si dent Slo bo dan

Mi lo se vic whi le in cu stody at The Ha gue, Se selj’s hun ger stri ke over al le ged ICTY mi -stre at ment is again ro u sing an ti-Ha gue sen ti ment amongst the po pu la ce. Se selj is de man -ding that the tri bu nal al low him to cho se his own de fen se co un cil, un re stric ted vi sits fromhis wi fe, that all do cu ments sub mit ted to him be in Ser bian (not Ser bo-Cro a tian), and thela test, that all his fo re ign cur rency as sets out si de of Ser bia, spe ci fi cally in the US, be un -fro zen. Se selj has been on his self-im po sed hun ger stri ke for ap pro xi ma tely three we eksnow in pro test. He was mo ved in to the ho spi tal wing of the de ten tion cen ter on No vem -ber 30the SRS says aga inst his wil lo ver con cerns that his he alth con di tion is en dan ge red.

3. (SBU) Se selj is ec ho ing Mi lo se vic’s ac cu sa tion that the Tri bu nal was set up bysec ret in ter na ti o nal agen ci es, and ac cu sing the US and the west of plot ting to kill him. Se -selj re fu sed to ap pe ar du ring the first day of his trial on No vem ber 27, and the re fo re losthis right to con duct his own de fen se. The trial is now adjo ur ned in de fi ni tely be ca u se ofcon cerns over Se selj’s con di tion.

4. (SBU) Lji lji a na Smaj lo vic, edi tor-in-chi ef of pro– go vern ment daily Po li ti ka, sto -ked the an ti-Ha gue sen ti ment in a com men tary on No vem ber 28, as ser ting the Tri bu nalwas ma king a mi sta ke by im po sing co un cil on Se selj and ac cu sing him of ob struc ting thetrial, a char ge she cal led lu dic ro us gi ven that he has been wa i ting fo ur years for his trialto even be gin. Smaj lo vic said that the tri bu nal is we a ke ning it self even furt her in Ser bianpu blic opi nion by its la test ac ti ons. 126

5. (SBU) Se selj’s hun ger stri ke will li kely con ti nue to hold the at ten tion of Ser bia,both thro ugh me dia, and SRS ral li es and bo oths set up in Bel gra de and Ser bia-wi de tocol lect sig na tu res in sup port of Se selj. The Ra di cals held a rally on No vem ber 23 ne ar thepar li a ment bu il ding, ca rrying Se selj’s pic tu res, wa i ving party flags and sho u ting “Re le a -se Se selj.” A much lar ger event was held on Sa tur day, De cem ber 2 in front of the US Em -bassy, with 20,000-25,000 pe o ple sho wing up ca rrying ban ners with pic tu res of Se selj,Mla dic and Mi lo se vic. Spe ec hes by the SRS le a der ship we re ha te-fil led ha ran gu es ac cu -sing the U.S. of using the Ha gue Tri bu nal to mur der its le a der ship and de stroy Ser bia.The Ra di cals al so at tac ked Ta dic and Ko stu ni ca as U.S. lac keys. The ir cam pa ign con ti -nued on De cem ber 3, with party le a ders pu blicly re a ding out Se selj’s last will and te sta -ment, which cal led on them to ne ver to aban don the ir ide o logy of a “Gre a ter Ser bia” andto op po se Ser bia’s en try in to NA TO and even the EU.

Cam pa ign The me for the Ra di cals: The Ha gue not Ko so vo6. (SBU) The de mon stra tion in front of the Em bassy on De cem ber 2 sug gests that

the SRS is op ting to fo cus on a bac kward lo o king an ti-Ha gue, an ti-West cam pa ign mes -sa ge in stead of re spon ding to the eco no mic fru stra ti ons of its ba se. Be ca u se the DSS hasal ready se i zed Ko so vo as the ir main rallying cry, the SRS has been con tent to ec ho andre in for ce the PM’s hard li ne on the Ko so vo is sue. Asked by re por ters if the SRS wo uldtry and avoid le a ding the next go vern ment in or der to bla me Ta dic and Ko stu ni ca for lo -sing Ko so vo, De puty SRS le a der Ni ko lic said he wo uld not ac cu se anyone in Ser bia fora bad out co me on Ko so vo’s fi nal sta tus. “How can I ac cu se them for a so lu tion that willbe pas sed by Mar ti Ah ti sa a ri? If the so lu tion is ne ga ti ve, i.e. if Ko so vo ga ins any form ofin de pen den ce or if the pre sent sta te re ma ins, then that so lu tion will be unac cep ta ble forall of Ser bia and it will simply ha ve to re act,” said Ni ko lic.

7. (SBU) NA TO’s sur pri se de ci sion to in vi te Ser bia to par ti ci pa te in PfP may com -pli ca te the Ra di cals stra tegy as the an no un ce ment has been vi e wed po si ti vely both by thepu blic and by the NGO’s that ha ve been strongly sup por ti ve of the ICTY. The Ra di calsha ve not com men ted on the PfP de ci sion as of yet and the ir si len ce has not been ra i sedby the me dia or chal len ged by the ot her par ti es. In any event, we ex pect the Ra di cals’ rhe -to ric aga inst the West to in cre a se in the we eks le a ding up to the elec tion. It will be in te -re sting to see how they ba lan ce the an ti-West the mes in the ir an ti-Ha gue ef fort with thepu blic’s lar gely po si ti ve re ac tion to PfP mem ber ship.

8. (SBU) The party emer ged from the Con sti tu ti o nal re fe ren dum and the sub se qu -ent pas sa ge of the Con sti tu ti o nal law, lo o king very much as win ners: they fo i led Ko stu -ni ca’s al le ged pro mi se to the DS of jo int pre si den tial and par li a men tary elec ti ons be fo rethe end of the year and to ok cre dit for ad ding re fe ren ces to the Con sti tu tion that strength-e ned Ser bia’s na ti o nal cla im on Ko so vo. By sup por ting the re fe ren dum, the Ra di cals en -han ced its ima ge as a “na tion-bu il ding” party, de di ca ted to de fen ding the co un try’s ter ri -tory and so ve re ignty. The me dia’s gin gerly tre at ment of the Ra di cals and the PM’s ca re -ful avo i dan ce of any pu blic cri ti cism of the ir rhe to ric, has de e pe ned su spi cion among so -me that SRS, SPS and DSS are re ser ving the ir op ti ons for so me va ri a tion on a pos si bleNa ti o nal Unity Go vern ment that wo uld bring all par ti es to get her in a Ser bian go vern mentuni ted aga inst an in de pen den ce out co me in the Ko so vo talks.

9. (SBU) Most re cently, ho we ver, the SRS has las hed out at the DSS in re ac tion todam ning te sti mony in the high– pro fi le trial on the kil ling of for mer PM Zo ran Djin djic,

127

and ac cu sed the go vern ment of ma ni pu la ting a key wit ness to sug gest an SRS hand inDjin dic’s de ath. In its “an ger,” the SRS pu blicly cla i med it wo uld ne ver join in co a li tionwith the DSS and wo uld only ru le alo ne or in part ner ship with et hnic Bo sni ak and Hun -ga rian mi no rity par ti es, an of fer which both flatly re fu sed. The DS ex plo i ted the bre achby cal ling on the DSS to dec la re be fo re the elec ti ons which par ti es they wo uld and wo -uld not be in co a li tion with. The DSS has re fu sed to an swer but the SRS con ti nued to at -tack the DSS and Ko stu ni ca in per son du ring its rally over the we e kend. The PfP de ci -sion and the pro cess that Ser bia fa ces to ac cept the in vi ta tion, will gi ve the DS ad di ti o nalfod der for pus hing the DSS to co me clean and cla rify its elec to ral plans.

Di scord Amongst the Ra di cals? 10. (SBU) Me an whi le, the Ra di cal le a der ship, in clu ding Ni ko lic and the young am -

bi ti o us Sec re tary-Ge ne ral, Ale kan dar Vu cic, are re por tedly fru stra ted with Se selj’s an ticsand he avy han ded di rec ti ves from the Ha gue. De spi te Se selj’s re por tedly po or con di tion,our so ur ces tell us Se selj has ac cess to a cell pho ne and calls his wi fe and party of fi ci alsre gu larly to try to con ti nue or ga ni zing the day-to-day ac ti vi ti es of the party. The SRScon ti nu es to fol low Se selj’s gu i dan ce, sup port him in The Ha gue and con sult with himon of fi cial party bu si ness. He is li sted first on the party’s bal lot list which is of fi ci allyna med: “Ser bian Ra di cal PartyVo ji slav Se selj.” Ho we ver, Ni ko lic and Vu cic re por -tedly con ti nue to lo ok for ways to cir cum vent his or ders, whi le still pu blicly ma in ta i -ning the ir fi er ce loyalty.

Com ment 11. (SBU) The con tro versy over Se selj’s con di tion at the be gin ning of elec tion se a -

son will li kely pro vi de at le ast a small bo ost to the Ra di cals as they ex plo it the an ti-Ha -gue sen ti ment al ready bo i ling in Ser bia. Even with the trial su spen ded, we ex pect the Ra -di cal’s to con ti nue ban ging on the an ti-Ha gue drum with any wor se ning in Se selj’s con -di tion playing to the ir advan ta ge. Se selj’s per so nal in vol ve ment in the Ra di cals elec to ralcam pa ign may bac kfi re: ex ten ding the ir an ti-West mes sa ge even to the EU, which thevast ma jo rity of Serbs sup port as the key to Ser bia’s fu tu re is a dan ge ro us tac tic that partyle a ders he re ha ve so ught to avoid.

Polt

XLIRe fe ren ce id: 06PA RIS7684Su bject: Dod U/s Edel man’s De cem ber 1 Me e ting With Chi rac’s Di plo ma tic Advi -

ser Go ur dalt-mon tag neOri gin: Em bassy Pa ris (Fran ce) Ca ble ti me: Wed, 6 Dec 2006 13:08 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec retSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2006/12/06PA RIS7684.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: VZCZCXRO7796 OO RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU E HROV

DE RU EH FR #7684/01 3401308 ZNY SSSSS ZZH O 061308Z DEC 06 FM AMEM -128

BASSY PA RIS TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC IM ME DI A TE 3587 IN FO RU -EHXK/ARAB ISRA E LI COL LEC TI VE PRI O RITY RU EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI -TI CAL COL LEC TI VE PRI O RITY RUCNDT/USMIS SION USUN NEW YORKPRI O RITY 1046

Hi de he a der

Sec retSIP DIS E.O. 12958: DECL: 12/03/2016 Tags: FR [Fran ce; Cor si ca], IS [I sra el], KDEM [De moc ra ti za ti on], LE [Le ba non],

PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], SY [Syri a] Clas si fied By: Po li ti cal Mi ni ster-Co un se lor Jo si ah Ro sen blatt, re a sons 1.4 (b) and (d).

1. (S) Sum mary: In a De cem ber 1 me e ting with DoD U/S Edel man de vo ted pri ma -rily to Syria/Le ba non, French NSA-equ i va lent Ma u ri ce Go ur da ult-Mon tag ne (MGM)as ses sed that Syria was the we a kest link in the Hi zbal lah-Syria-Iran axis and won de redwhet her Israel co uld apply mo re pres su re on Syria, a qu e sti on he said he wo uld put to hisIsra e li co un ter part la ter in the month. He as ses sed that the re cent spa te of high-le vel Euro -pean vi si tors to Da ma scus had not been help ful, and said ru mors abo ut the Iraq StudyGro up’s pos si ble re com men da ti ons on en ga ging with Syria had furt her com pli ca ted mat -ters. MGM no ted that Pi er re de Bo u squ et, head of the DST (French in ter nal se cu rity ser -vi ce), had qu i etly vi si ted Da ma scus to warn the Asad re gi me that it wo uld be held ac co -un ta ble for cha os in Le ba non and for any at tacks aga inst UNI FIL. Bo u squ et al so ca u ti o -ned the Syri ans that French po licy vis-a-vis Le ba non wo uld not chan ge even af ter Pre si -dent Chi rac le a ves of fi ce in 2007. With re spect to the cur rent po li ti cal cri sis in Le ba non,MGM said Fran ce was put ting “ma xi mum pres su re” on Par li a ment Spe a ker Na bih Ber -ri, alt ho ugh it was un cle ar what Ber ri co uld do un der the cir cum stan ces.

2. (S) Sum mary cont’d: MGM di scus sed con ti nu ing French ef forts to end Isra e liover flights of Le ba non. On Tur key-EU, MGM said it was not in Fran ce’s in te rest to burnbrid ges with Tur key, and po in ted out that Pre si dent Chi rac had ta ken a po li ti cal risk byspe a king out aga inst le gi sla tion on the Ar me nian ge no ci de. On Ser bia, MGM said that“we need to do everything we can” to pre vent Ser bian Ra di cal Party le a der (and in dic tedwar cri mi nal) Vo ji slav Se selj from be ing elec ted. Ri ga sum mit di scus sion sep tel. Endsum mary.

Par ti ci pants3. (U) DoD U/S Eric Edel man, ac com pa nied by DCM, DATT, DoD DAS Da niel

Fa ta, and Po loff (no te ta ker), met De cem ber 1 at the Elysee with Ma u ri ce Go ur da ult-Mon tag ne (MGM), French na ti o nal se cu rity advi sor-equ i va lent. MGM was ac com pa -nied by Do mi ni que Boc he, Pre si dent Chi rac’s advi sor for the Mid dle East; Ad mi ral Edo -u ard Gu il laud, the pre si dent’s mi li tary advi sor; and stra te gic af fa irs advi sor La u rent Bi li.

De a ling with a Re cal ci trant Syria 4. (S) Af ter a qu ick di scus sion of the Ri ga Sum mit (see sep tel), con ver sa tion im me -

di a tely tur ned to the Mid dle East. U/S Edel man and MGM agreed that Syrian be ha vi oron a broad ran ge of is su es – sup port for Ira qi in sur gents, in ter fe ren ce in Le ba non, andspon sor ship of Ha mas, Hi zbal lah and Pa le sti nian Isla mic Ji had – had not im pro ved.

129

MGM as ses sed that Syria was the we a kest link in the Hi zbal lah-Syria-Iran axis and the -re fo re the lo gi cal tar get for in ter na ti o nal pres su re. Ho we ver, he con fes sed to be ing so -mew hat puz zled by Israel’s fa i lu re to ta ke a mo re ag gres si ve li ne with Syria. He said hewo uld use a me e ting la ter in De cem ber with PM Ol mert’s mi li tary advi sor, Ma jor Ge ne -ral Ga di Sham ni, to di scuss stra tegy and to ex plo re whet her Israel co uld apply mo re pres -su re.

5. (C) MGM as ses sed that the re cent spa te of high-le vel Euro pean vi si tors to Da ma -scus had been un help ful, and had only re in for ced Bas har al-Asad’s per cep tion that theWest ne e ded him. No ting that Asad’s Euro pean in ter lo cu tors had left Da ma scus empty-han ded, MGM said he had war ned Bri tish en voy Ni gel She in wald that his vi sit wo uldpro ve co un ter pro duc ti ve, par ti cu larly if it be ca me pu blic. Alt ho ugh She in wald was “up -be at” fol lo wing his di scus si ons in Da ma scus, MGM ob ser ved that the Syri ans (with Ira -nian com pli city) had lost no ti me in “pul ling the rug out from un der” the Le ba ne se go -vern ment by en gi ne e ring the re sig na tion of the Shi i te Mi ni sters and the as sas si na tion ofPi er re Ge mayel. MGM po in ted out that ru mors abo ut the Iraq Study Gro up’s (ISG) for -thco ming re com men da ti ons, and in par ti cu lar the ex pec ta ti on that the ISG wo uld re com -mend so me sort of U.S. di a lo gue with Syria, had furt her com pli ca ted mat ters.

De Bo squ et Vi sit to Da ma scus6. (C) MGM no ted that, un for tu na tely, the French fo und them sel ves obli ged to talk

to the Syrian re gi me on mat ters re la ting to the in ter dic tion and pro se cu tion of French ji -ha dists se e king to en ter Iraq via Syria. To that end, the French had re cently de spatchedPi er re de Bo u squ et, head of the DST (French in ter nal se cu rity ser vi ce) to Da ma scus,whe re he held talks with Syrian mi li tary in tel li gen ce chi ef As sef Shaw kat. MGM saidBo u squ et ma de the fol lo wing po ints: – Syria will be held re spon si ble for any cha os inLe ba non; – Syria will al so be held ac co un ta ble for any at tacks aga inst UNI FIL; – Con -struc ti ve Syrian be ha vi or wo uld eli cit a po si ti ve re ac tion; – If the Syri ans be ha ved, Fran -ce wo uld sup port a re sump tion of talks on the Go lan He ights.

7. (C) Fi nally, Bo u squ et war ned the re gi me aga inst mi scal cu la ting the fu tu re di rec -tion of French po licy. Whi le it was true that Pre si dent Chi rac was ne a ring the end of hisman da te, Fran ce wo uld still be Fran ce even af ter Chi rac’s de par tu re – and its Le ba nonpo licy wo uld be the sa me. (MGM no ted pa rent he ti cally that he was ple a sed to see thatFran ce’s So ci a list Party was on bo ard with that mes sa ge. So ci a list pre si den tial can di da teSe go le ne Royal, then in Le ba non, had ma de this cle ar.) In tri gu ingly, Shaw kat in vi ted Bo -u squ et to ma ke tho se sa me po ints di rectly to Asad, a re qu est that the French in ter pre tedeit her as evi den ce eit her that Asad did not li sten to Shaw kat, or that the lat ter ne e ded Bo -u squ et to per so nally re in for ce the mes sa ge. MGM said the Bo u squ et-Asad con ver sa tionhad not yet ta ken pla ce.

Bram mertz In ve sti ga tion 8. (C) Tur ning to the UNI IC in ve sti ga tion, MGM said Bram mertz had do ne “se ri o -

us work” and that the Syri ans we re de spe ra te to avoid an in ter na ti o nal tri bu nal. He no tedthat Fran ce had “tried its best” to per su a de the Rus si ans to fa ci li ta te a speedy esta blis -hment of the tri bu nal. In ad di tion, he said both Fran ce and Sa u di Ara bia (Prin ce Ban darmet with Pre si dent Chi rac the we ek of No vem ber 19) we re put ting “ma xi mum pres su -re” on Le ba ne se Par li a ment Spe a ker Na bih Ber ri to end the cur rent po li ti cal cri sis. “We130

need Ber ri to play a ro le,” said MGM, who no net he less qu e sti o ned whet her Ber ri co uldde li ver.

Isra e li Over flights 9. (C) With re spect to Isra e li over flights of Le ba non, MGM said the French we re

trying to dam pen down the “cri sis” that the over flights had en gen de red in Fran co-Isra e lire la ti ons. He no ted that Fran ce con ti nued to de ve lop a pac ka ge of se cu rity me a su resaimed at re du cing the need for such flights, and said that the French mi li tary and the IDFhad held con sul ta ti ons in that re gard. He than ked U/S Edel man for U.S. as si stan ce in sen -si ti zing the GOI to Fran ce’s con cerns. No ting that air de fen se ru les of en ga ge ment didnot le a ve much mar gin for er ror, he said it wo uld be tra gic if a UNI FIL sol di er we re opento fi re simply be ca u se he was fol lo wing the ru les of en ga ge ment.

10. (C) No net he less, he ex pres sed fru stra tion that the Isra e lis had not fully ta ken onbo ard Fran ce’s con cerns. He po in ted to the fact that, whi le the re had been a slight re duc -tion in the num ber of over flights, the flights con ti nued. He stres sed that of fo ur teen re centvi o la ti ons of Le ba ne se air spa ce, ele ven to ok pla ce over French UNI FIL po si ti ons. “Weha ve asked the Isra e lis not to mis be ha ve, and we ha ve war ned them that our sol di ers arenot Fi ji ans,” said MGM. In ad di tion to the dan gers of an un wan ted con fron ta tion, suchover flights un der mi ned UNI FIL’s cre di bi lity. MGM no ted that he had gi ven Isra e li Am -bas sa dor Shek a blunt war ning: If the over flights con ti nued, the French pe a ce ke e persmight simply an no un ce that the Isra e lis we re im pe ding them from do ing the ir job and goho me – which wo uld not be in Israel’s in te rest.

Tur key/Ser bia 11. (C) Re cal ling U/S Edel man’s pri or ser vi ce as U.S. Am bas sa dor to Tur key, MGM

no ted that Fran ce had “no in te rest in bur ning brid ges” with An ka ra over the qu e sti on ofTur key’s ad mis sion to the EU. He ad ded that Pre si dent Chi rac had ta ken a per so nal po -li ti cal risk in spe a king out aga inst the Na ti o nal As sembly’s at tempt to cri mi na li ze de nialof the Ar me nian ge no ci de. He qu e sti o ned whet her Tur kish PM Er do gan wo uld at temptto win the Tur kish pre si dency in 2007. Tur ning to Ser bia, MGM said “we need to doeverything we can” to pre vent Ser bian Ra di cal Party le a der (and in di ca ted war cri mi nal)Vo ji slav Se selj from be ing elec ted pre si dent and that Fran ce wo uld push for SAA to beex ten ded to Ser bia at the EU Sum mit.

12. (U) U/S Edel man has cle a red this ca ble. Ple a se vi sit Pa ris’ Clas si fied Web si te at:http://www.sta te.sgov.gov/p/eur/pa ris/in dex.c fm

Sta ple ton

XLIIRe fe ren ce id: 06PA RIS7755Su bject: A/s Fried And French Nsa-equ i va lent Go ur da ult-mon tag ne Di scuss Rus -

sia-ge or gia, Rus sia-ko so vo And Tur key-euOri gin: Em bassy Pa ris (Fran ce) Ca ble ti me: Tue, 12 Dec 2006 13:05 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec retSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2006/12/06PA RIS7755.html

131

Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 2 Dec 2010 02:01 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied onThu, 8 Sep 2011 13:29 UTC (diff from ori gi nal)

Me dia: Wi ki Le aks Ar chi ve – Rus sian’s Kil ling in Lon don – NYTi mes.comRus sia re jects Wi ki Le aks cla ims – Ame ri cas – Al Ja ze e ra En glishCrow dle aks: Bre akthro ugh in Li tvi nen ko ca seWi ki Le aks ca bles con demn Rus sia as ‘ma fia sta te’ | World news | The Gu ar dianWi ki Le aks ca bles: Ale xan der Li tvi nen ko mur der ‘pro bably had Pu tin’s OK’ | World

news | gu ar dian.co.ukCom ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO2827 OO RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU E HROV

DE RU EH FR #7755/01 3461305 ZNY SSSSS ZZH O 121305Z DEC 06 FM AMEM -BASSY PA RIS TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC IM ME DI A TE 3715 IN FO RU -EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE PRI O RITY RU EH SI/AMEM -BASSY TBI LI SI PRI O RITY 0399

Hi de he a der

Sec ret SIP DIS E.O. 12958: DECL: 01/01/2016 Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], FR [Fran ce; Cor si ca], EUN [E u ro pean

Uni on], NA TO [North Atlan tic Tre aty Or ga ni za ti on], RS [Rus sia; Wran gel Islands],UNO [U ni ted Ni ca ra guan Op po si ti on], SR [Ser bi a], YI [Yugo sla vi a], TU [Tur key], CY[Cyprus]

Clas si fied By: Am bas sa dor Cra ig Sta ple ton for re a sons 1.4 (B & D).

1. (S) Sum mary: EUR A/S Dan Fried’s De cem ber 7 me e ting with pre si den tial di -plo ma tic advi sor Ma u ri ce Go ur da ult-Mon tag ne (MGM) fo cu sed lar gely on Rus sia,with Fran ce in a de fen si ve po stu re. MGM ra i sed the abor ted Pu tin-Chi rac din ner onthe mar gins of the NA TO Ri ga Sum mit, saying it had been in sti ga ted by Rus sia, andpor trayed Fran ce as ha ving at temp ted to ste er in a way com pa ti ble with La tvian in te -rests. In con trast to French Po li ti cal Di rec tor Araud (sep tel), he sho wed re luc tan ce tosee the Kre mlin’s hand in the Li tvi nen ko po i so ning, pre fer ring to ascri be it to ro gueele ments. MGM cla i med to sup port Ge or gian in de pen den ce whi le sug ge sting that NA -TO Ar tic le 5 obli ga ti ons prec lu ded Ge or gian NA TO mem ber ship. On Ko so vo, he re -vi e wed Fran ce’s plans to per su a de the EU to agree to of fer Ser bia an SAA agre e mentnot lin ked to ful fil lment of its ICTY obli ga ti ons but wor ri ed abo ve all abo ut Pu tin’s ex -pli cit thre at to ve to a UN Se cu rity Re so lu tion man da ting in de pen den ce; the re was arisk of in sta bi lity and par ti tion if the West did not exer ci se suf fi ci ent ca re in ma na gingthe Rus si ans. Fried co un te red that the West ne e ded to be pre pa red to pro ceed in ex tre -mis wit ho ut the Rus si ans, and war ned aga inst al lo wing the Rus si ans to hold up a de ci -sion thro ugh the thre at of a ve to.

2. (C) Sum mary cont: On ot her is su es, MGM re vi e wed the Fran co-Ger man pro po -sal for a re vi ew of Tur key’s im ple men ta tion of its An ka ra Pro to col com mit ments bet we -en 2007 and 2009, as su red Fried that Fran ce wan ted to avoid a train wreck, but in si stedit was in cum bent on the Turks to ma ke a ge stu re. Fried re min ded MGM of the stra te gicim por tan ce of ke e ping Tur key tied to EU; MGM agreed in prin ci ple but in si sted Tur keyhad to play by the EU’s ru les and no ted the dif fi cul ti es of ma na ging do me sti cally pu blic132

sen ti ment aga inst Tur key. Fried and MGM agreed that Fran ce and the U.S. had wor kedwell to get her at the NA TO Ri ga Sum mit. End sum mary.

3. (C) EUR A/S Da niel Fried, ac com pa nied by the Am bas sa dor and POL De puty(no te ta ker), met De cem ber 7 with Pre si dent Chi rac’s di plo ma tic advi sor (NSA-equ i va -lent) Ma u ri ce Go ur da ult-Mon tag ne (MGM) to di scuss a num ber of Euro pean is su es thatre vol ved lar gely aro und Rus sia. MGM was jo i ned by Pre si dency Mid dle East advi sorDo mi ni que Boc he and stra te gic af fa irs advi sor La u rent Bi li.

Pu tin-Chi rac at Ri ga4. (C) No ting at the out set that he had been di rectly in vol ved in the abor ted Pu tin-

Chi rac din ner on the mar gins of the NA TO sum mit, MGM as su red Fried that French ac -ti ons had been abo ve bo ard. Kre mlin advi sor Prid hod ko had ori gi nally pro po sed that Pu -tin me et Chi rac pri va tely at a Pa ris air port No vem ber 29 in or der to ex press his birt hdaywis hes (MGM ci ted Pu tin’s me e ting in Han no ver with for mer Chan cel lor Schro e der asa pre ce dent). Fran ce had agreed, whi le no ting that the da tes co in ci ded with the Ri ga Sum -mit. Prid hod ko sug ge sted Ri ga, which Fran ce du ti fully vet ted with the La tvi ans with theun der stan ding that they wo uld ha ve to host such a din ner, and as su ring the La tvi ans thatFran ce was pre pa red to say “no” to the Rus si ans if a me e ting wo uld in any way ca u sethem em bar ras sment. The La tvi ans we re pre pa red to pro ceed, so long as the Rus si ans al -so agreed to a bi la te ral me e ting, which MGM con veyed to Prid hod ko. Prid hod ko hadsug ge sted that this co uld be “dif fi cult” gi ven ne ga ti ve Rus sian pu blic opi nion to ward La -tvia. The La tvi ans told MGM that the Rus si ans had re fu sed to me et at the of fi cial pa la ceor re si den ce, but we re con si de ring the La tvian cul tu ral cen ter. MGM said he had en co u -ra ged the Rus si ans to ac cept the last of fe ring, and they had pro ce e ded as if it might be ac -cep ta ble. La te Tu es day, ho we ver, they bal ked, ap pa rently be ca u se the cen ter was lo ca tedabo ut 200m from the La tvian mu se um of oc cu pa tion.

5. (C) MGM con clu ded his pre sen ta tion with the ar gu ment that such a me e ting wo -uld ha ve been po si ti ve for Rus sian-La tvian re la ti ons and wo uld ha ve hel ped to blur di vi -ding li nes bet we en NA TO and Rus sia. He com pla i ned over La tvia’s go ing “pu blic” withthe can cel la tion by qu erying NA TO SYG Ho op de Schef fer as to whet her “we are al lo -wed to re ce i ve” the Rus sian pre si dent. He com men ted that, had they re ma i ned si lent, thecan cel la tion wo uld ha ve been a non-event. Fried co un te red that the La tvi ans had beenright to in form NA TO and thus avoid a sur pri se. He con tra sted the Rus si ans’ clum si nessin ma na ging the din ner with the La tvi ans’ tran spa rency, sug ge sting that it was ti me forthe Rus si ans to ac cept the in de pen den ce of the Bal tic sta tes. He ad ded po in tedly that theU.S. wo uld no lon ger ac cept pu ta ti ve Rus sian con cerns abo ut La tvian tre at ment of the irci ti zens at a ti me when they we re still ro un ding up Ge or gi ans on the ba sis of et hni city.MGM com men ted me ekly that the ti ming had not been right for the vi sit and agreed thatthe La tvian go vern ment no lon ger had a pro blem of non-ci ti zen et hnic Rus si ans.

Li tvi nen ko Ca se6. (S) Fried com men ted that the short-term trend in si de Rus sia was ne ga ti ve, no ting

in cre a sing in di ca ti ons that the UK in ve sti ga tion in to the mur der of Li tvi nen ko co uld wellpo int to so me sort of Rus sian in vol ve ment. MGM cal led at ten tion to Chi rac’s sta te menten co u ra ging the Rus si ans to co o pe ra te in the in ve sti ga tion. He won de red aloud whomight ha ve gi ven the or der, but spe cu la ted the mur der pro bably in vol ved a set tling of ac -

133

co unts bet we en ser vi ces rat her than oc cur ring un der di rect or der from the Kre mlin. Fried,no ting Pu tin’s at ten tion to de tail, qu e sti o ned whet her ro gue se cu rity ele ments co uld ope -ra te, in the UK no less, wit ho ut Pu tin’s know led ge. De scri bing the cur rent at mosp he re asstran ge, he de scri bed the Rus si ans as in cre a singly self-con fi dent, to the po int of ar ro gan ce.

Ge or gia-Rus sia7. (C) Fried, no ting he had di scus sed Ge or gia the pre vi o us eve ning with MFA Po li -

ti cal Di rec tor Ge rard Araud (sep tel), said it was im por tant to sup port Ge or gian so ve re -ignty aga inst Rus sian pres su re for three re a sons: the si tu a tion ove rall in Ge or gia was im -pro ving un der Sa a kas hvi li’s le a der ship; vi o la tion of Ge or gian ter ri to rial in te grity wo uldset a dan ge ro us pre ce dent; and Ger many and Cen tral and Eastern Euro pe had a strong in -te rest in en su ring that gas and oil pum ped from Azer ba i jan and Cen tral Asia did not tra -vel ex clu si vely thro ugh pi pe li nes ow ned or con trol led by Rus sia. MGM re spon ded thatFran ce sup por ted Ge or gia’s in de pen den ce but won de red how to ac com plish this wit hinexi sting struc tu res. The he art of NA TO was Ar tic le 5, and it was do ub tful that NA TO wo -uld dec la re war on Rus sia over Ge or gia; it was the re fo re im por tant to bypass Ar tic le 5and find a “spe ci fic way” that did not in vol ve NA TO mem ber ship. If Ge or gia jo ins, Ar -me nia may fol low. Even in the ca se of Tur key, was its Kur dish pro blem one for Euro pe -ans, MGM asked.

8. (C) Fried as su red MGM that the U.S. was not se e king mem ber ship for Ge or giasoon, but it was im por tant not to clo se the do or in or der to con ti nue to pro mo te Ge or gianre form and de ve lop ment. It was in cum bent on the West to sup port Ge or gian so ve re igntyand ma in tain a uni ted front aga inst Rus sia, he ar gued. He re la ted that he had ur ged Sa a -kas hvi li not to se ek cri ses with Rus sia, sin ce cri sis wor ked only for Rus sia, and ti me wason Ge or gia’s si de so long as it mo ved qu i etly. In fi ve years, a bur ge o ning Ge or gian eco -nomy had the po ten tial to dra ma ti cally chan ge the po li tics of the re gion. MGM agreed inprin ci ple, but sug ge sted one co uld dif fer on ways and me ans.

Ser bia and Ko so vo 9. (C) Fried ex pla i ned that the U.S. had de ci ded to of fer PFP to Ser bia as a me ans

of sup por ting de moc ra tic for ces in the up co ming elec ti ons; Pre si dent Ta dic had ma de astrong ca se for Ser bia’s Euro-Atlan tic fu tu re. Si mi lar con si de ra ti ons had promp ted theU.S. to sup port Ah ti sa a ri’s re com men da tion to post po ne ta bling his pro po sals on Ko so -vo sta tus. But it was cri ti cal to mo ve qu ickly af ter Ja nu ary 21. Ad di ti o nal de lay wo uld en -co u ra ge the Serbs and ot hers in to thin king the West felt in ti mi da ted; it was ti me to pushon ward to su per vi sed in de pen den ce. Fried said that whi le Rus sia co uld be ex pec ted to ca -u se dif fi cul ti es, in the end he be li e ved it wo uld ab stain on a UN SCR, alt ho ugh he co uldnot be cer tain. What was cer tain was that the Rus si ans must not be al lo wed to be li e ve thatthe thre at of a ve to will work, be ca u se they wo uld ex plo it any ope ning. The West the re -fo re had to send the sig nal that it was pre pa red to mo ve wit ho ut them if ne ces sary, be ca -u se no sig nal wo uld be in ter pre ted as ta cit ac qu i e scen ce in Rus sia’s ra i sing the bar. Thiswas a ter ri ble op tion, but pa ralysis was wor se.

10. (C) MGM re vi e wed the hi story of French-Ser bian re la ti ons (back to the Sa lo ni -ka Front of WWI, on which MGM’s grand fat her had ser ved), jud ged PFP as a po si ti veof fer, and said Chi rac had pro po sed to Mer kel that the EU mo ve to a Sta bi li za tion andAs so ci a tion Agre e ment (SAA) with Ser bia, even in the event of in suf fi ci ent ICTY co o -134

pe ra tion. Mer kel had ini ti ally re spon ded ne ga ti vely, ci ting Ta dic’s fa i lu re to re qu est it, butFran ce con ti nued to be li e ve that of fe ring SAA co uld ma ke a dif fe ren ce in the Ja nu aryelec ti ons. If the Ger mans we re not on bo ard by early Ja nu ary, Fran ce wo uld mo ve on itsown to pro po se SAA. As for the Ah ti sa a ri pro po sals, MGM said Pu tin had told theFrench “Rus sia will not he si ta te to ve to any so lu tion that do es not enjoy the agre e mentof all the sta ke hol ders.” MGM ur ged gre at ca u tion in mo ving for ward, ci ting Pu tin’s pur -por ted con cerns abo ut the risks of a par ti tion and a mer ging of the north with Ser bia andthe so uth with Al ba nia, le a ding po ten ti ally to a ra di ca li zed Mu slim sta te in the he art ofEuro pe.

11. (C) Fried re spon ded that the Serbs and Al ba ni ans had been told that Ko so vo wo -uld be in de pen dent, and that it wo uld be a mi sta ke to turn back. Per haps the Rus si ans we -re bluf fing, but even if they we re not, wa ve ring wo uld lead to di sa ster, be gin ning with ri -ots by Ko so vars that ri sked tur ning KFOR in to an oc cupying for ce and co uld led to thevery ra di ca li za tion we had suc cessfully avo i ded so far. MGM said Fran ce was not advo -ca ting furt her de lay, but was no net he less con cer ned that in de pen den ce co uld ha ve unin -ten ded con se qu en ces. Pu blic opi nion co uld chan ge, and Rus sia might be co me yet mo reir ra ti o nal in the run-up to le gi sla ti ve and pre si den tial elec ti ons. Fried agreed on the de si -ra bi lity of ne go ti a ting a UN Se cu rity Co un cil Re so lu tion that wo uld be ac cep ta ble to theRus si ans – per haps even le a ving out the word “in de pen den ce” – but the West ne e ded tobe pre pa red in ex tre mis to mo ve for ward wit ho ut Rus sian sup port. Rus sia wo uld se i zeon any pa ralysis to try to ra i se the bar. MGM agreed in prin ci ple, but ur ged again fin dingways to “cod dle” Rus sia.

Tur key-EU 12. (C) Du ring a di scus sion cut short by a sum mons from Pre si dent Chi rac, Fried

asked MGM how Fran ce plan ned to avoid a Tur key-EU train wreck. MGM said Fran cesup por ted Tur key, but Tur key ne e ded to play by EU ru les and ful fill its com mit ments. Itwas not the EU’s fa ult that the UN Cyprus plan had not been ap pro ved by re fe ren dum,but this co uld not be used as an ex cu se for not im ple men ting the An ka ra Pro to col. It wascri ti cal that Tur key “start to im ple ment” the pro to col thro ugh a ge stu re. MGM said thatChi rac and Mer kel had agreed (on the ba sis of the Com mis sion pro po sal) not to openeight chap ters and not to clo se any ot her chap ters; but they had al so agreed to in sist on are vi ew of Tur kish im ple men ta tion – to ser ve as the ba sis for a furt her EU de ci sion – inthe ti me fra me bet we en a 2007 Com mis sion re port and 2009 Euro pean par li a men taryelec ti ons. Alt ho ugh Er do gan had told Mer kel not to ex pect any furt her Tur kish ge stu res,MGM no net he less ho ped the Turks wo uld find a way, as they had so of ten in the past, todo so met hing at the last mi nu te.

13. (C) Fried de scri bed the U.S. ap pro ach of en co u ra ging Tur key to re spond con -struc ti vely, ex pres sed the ho pe that the EU wo uld not be too one-si ded in its jud gment ofthe An ka ra Pro to col im ple men ta tion, but re min ded MGM that the EU al so had not fol -lo wed thro ugh on its pro mi ses (which MGM hotly de nied). Fried con ti nued that the U.S.wan ted to be help ful but was avo i ding ta king a pu blic stan ce. He re i te ra ted that the sta -kes we re high, gi ven Tur key’s stra te gic va lue.

14. (C) This mes sa ge was cle a red by A/S Fried. Ple a se vi sit Pa ris’ Clas si fied Web -si te at: http://www.sta te.sgov.gov/p/eur/pa ris/in dex.c fm

Sta ple ton135

XLIIIRe fe ren ce id: 06USNA TO711Su bject: Usna to Re in for ces Need For Icty Re fe ren ce In Ser bia’s Part ner ship Pre -

sen ta tion Do cu mentOri gin: Mis sion USNA TO (North Atlan tic Tre aty Or ga ni za tion) Ca ble ti me: Wed, 13 Dec 2006 15:12 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2006/12/06USNA TO711.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXYZ0000 OO RU EH WEB DE RU EH NO #0711 3471512 ZNY CCCCC

ZZH O 131512Z DEC 06 FM USMIS SION USNA TO TO RU EHC/SEC STA TEWASHDC IM ME DI A TE 0300 IN FO RU EHBW/AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE IM -ME DI A TE 1313 RU EHTC/AMEM BASSY THE HA GUE IM ME DI A TE 0866RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC IM ME DI A TE

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialTags: NA TO [North Atlan tic Tre aty Or ga ni za ti on], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti -

ons], EAPC [E u ro-Atlan tic Part ner ship Co un cil], SR [Ser bi a] Ref: A. BEL GRA DE 01994 B. 12/12/06 OL SON-HAR TLEY E-MAIL Clas si fied By: Char ge Ric hard G. Ol son for re a sons 1.4 (B,D)

1. (C) USNA TO Char ge Ol son advi sed Ser bian Spe cial En voy to NA TO, Am bas -sa dor Bran co Mi lin ko vic, on De cem ber 12 that it is es sen tial that Ser bia’s Part ner ship forPe a ce Pre sen ta tion Do cu ment in clu de ICTY com pli an ce lan gu a ge. This, he sug ge sted,co uld fol low the li nes of Pre si dent Ta dic’s let ter to Pre si dent Bush. Mi lin ko vic ac know -led ged that the cur rent draft of the do cu ment do es not in clu de such a re fe ren ce be ca u seit was draf ted months ago on the as sump tion that Ser bia wo uld be ICTY com pli ant bythe ti me the do cu ment was pre sen ted to NA TO. He to ok on bo ard the need to ha ve thelan gu a ge in cur rent cir cum stan ces, and in fact said he had so re com men ded to Bel gra dethe day be fo re.

2. (C) Mi lin ko vic con fir med that Ser bia will not in tro du ce its Pre sen ta tion Do cu -ment at the De cem ber 14 Part ner ship Fra me work Do cu ment sig ning ce re mony. Bel gra -de is con si de ring de li ve ring the Pre sen ta tion Do cu ment only af ter the in stal la tion of anew Ser bian Go vern ment.

Ol son

XLIVRe fe ren ce id: 06USNA TO716Su bject: Ac ces sion Of Bo snia-her ze go vi na, Mon te ne gro, Ser bia To Na to’s Part ner -

ship For Pe a ce, De cem ber 14, 2006Ori gin: Mis sion USNA TO (North Atlan tic Tre aty Or ga ni za tion)Ca ble ti me: Thu, 14 Dec 2006 17:02 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tial//NO FORN

136

So ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2006/12/06USNA TO716.htmlHi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: VZCZCXYZ0000 OO RU EH WEB DE RU EH NO #0716/01 3481702 ZNY

CCCCC ZZH O 141702Z DEC 06 FM USMIS SION USNA TO TO RU EHC/SEC STA -TE WASHDC IM ME DI A TE 0307 IN FO RU EHZG/NA TO EU COL LEC TI VE IM -ME DI A TE

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DIS NO FORN STA TE FOR EUR, EUR/RPM, EUR/SCE, PM, IO, E.O. 12958:

DECL: 12/03/2016 Tags: NA TO [North Atlan tic Tre aty Or ga ni za ti on], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la -

ti ons], MA RR [Mi li tary and De fen se Ar ran ge ments], XB [E ast Asia and Pa ci fic (Pa ci -fic Ba sin)]

Ref: SEC STA TE 198801 Clas si fied By: Am bas sa dor Vic to ria Nu land for re a sons 1.4 (b/d)

Sum mary 1. (C) In a hi sto ric and emo ti o nal mor ning at NA TO HQ on De cem ber 14, Bo snia

and Her ze go vi na, Mon te ne gro, and Ser bia jo i ned the Part ner ship for Pe a ce by sig ningthe PfP Fra me work Do cu ment in back-to-back me e tings with the North Atlan tic Co un -cil (NAC). BiH tri la te ral Pre si dency Cha ir man Ne bosjsha Rad ma no vic, Mon te ne grinPre si dent Fi lip Vu ja no vic, and Ser bian Pre si dent Bo ris Ta dic he a ded the three de le ga ti -ons to NA TO. Am bas sa dor Nu land met se pa ra tely with Ta dic to stress the im por tan ce theU.S. pla ces on Ser bia’s com mit ment to ICTY co o pe ra tion, re gi o nal sta bi lity, and con ti -nu ing do me stic re forms. Ta dic for ce fully ac know led ged his sup port for tho se go als, bothto the Am bas sa dor and to the NAC, but sho wed cle ar am bi va len ce abo ut how Ko so vo’sfi nal sta tus wo uld play out. UK, Nor we gi an, and ot her de le ga ti ons ma de strong in ter ven -ti ons emp ha si zing the im por tan ce of ICTY com pli an ce, and the UK cal led for a co o pe -ra ti ve ap pro ach to Ko so vo fi nal sta tus. Rad ma no vic and Vu ja no vic stres sed the po si ti vero le that ac ces sion to Part ner ship wo uld play in the ir own na ti ons, re forms and fu tu re do -me stic de ve lop ment. See text of Ta dic ad dress in pa ra 12. End Sum mary.

A Pull asi de with Ta dic 2. (C) Am bas sa dor Nu land met pri va tely with Ser bian Pre si dent Ta dic be fo re his

ses sion with the NAC. Dra wing on ref tel, she ma de cle ar that Pre si dent Bush’s de ci sionto sup port PfP for Ser bia at Ri ga was in ten ded to bo ost de moc ra tic ele ments in the na -tion, re spon ding to Ta dic’s per so nal ap peal. In bet ting on a po si ti ve de moc ra tic fu tu re forSer bia, the Pre si dent ex pec ted Pre si dent Ta dic to li ve up to his pu blic and pri va te as su -ran ces re gar ding ICTY com pli an ce and a con struc ti ve ap pro ach to Ko so vo sta tus. Ta dicre spon ded that he un der stood the Pre si dent’s in tent and his ex pec ta ti ons in sup por tingPfP, par ti cu larly re gar ding ICTY com pli an ce. He as su red Am bas sa dor Nu land that hesha red U.S. go als and wo uld work to ac hi e ve them in Ser bia’s own in te rests. He al so hig -hlig hted the be ne fits that Ser bia had ob ta i ned from bi la te ral de fen se ti es, no ting spe ci fi -

137

cally mi li tary-to-mi li tary co o pe ra tion with the Ohio Na ti o nal Gu ard, and in tro du ced hisnew CHOD as a “new bro om.”

3. (C) In se pa ra te me e tings with the NAC, Bo snia and Her ze go vi na (BiH), Mon te -ne gro, and Ser bia ac ce ded to NA TO’s Part ner ship for Pe a ce (PfP) on De cem ber 14. BiHCha ir man of the Tri la te ral Pre si dency Rad ma no vic, Mon te ne grin Pre si dent Vu ja no vic,and Ser bian Pre si dent Ta dic sig ned the Part ner ship Fra me work Do cu ment at one-ho urin ter vals in the pre sen ce of NA TO Perm Reps and the press, with each sig ning fol lo wedby in di vi dual “26 1” me e tings with Al li es.

Bo snia and Her ze go vi na: Part ner ship of En ti ti es 4. (C) Pre si dent Rad ma no vic, ac com pa nied by Def Min Ni ko la Ra do va no vic and

CHOD LtGen Si fet Pod zic, ac know led ged Bo snia’s debt to the Al li an ce for pro vi ding a“se cu rity um brel la” at its fo un ding. Co ming from the Re pu bli ka Srp ska mem ber of thePre si dency, his pro mi ses of full com pli an ce with ICTY the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu -nal for the for mer Yugo sla via (ICTY) had ad ded sig ni fi can ce. Rad ma no vic said this “gre -at day for the ci ti zens of Bo snia-Her ze go vi na” wo uld furt her sti mu la te eco no mic and de -fen se re forms, and re pre sen ted “the first step on a long path to ward full mem ber ship inthe Al li an ce and the EU.”

5. (C) Gre e ce (NA TO’s Con tact Po int Em bassy in Sa ra je vo) vo i ced con fi den ce thatBo snia’s Part ner ship wo uld furt her strengthen its do me stic re form ef forts ) ci ting po li cere form and po li ti cal di a lo gue on the con sti tu tion as well as ICTY com pli an ce. Net her -lands (lead na tion for the NA TO/PfP Trust Fund to re set tle re dun dant mi li tary per son nelin Bo snia) po in ted to the Part ner ship to ols that co uld help the re form pro cess thro ugh de -ve lop ment of an In di vi dual Part ner ship Pro gram (IPP) and even tu ally a much mo re am -bi ti o us In di vi dual Part ner ship Ac tion Plan (IPAP). Ca na da cal led on BiH to ser ve as amo del for bu il ding a mul ti-et hnic so ci ety, to re spect its com mit ments to the ICTY, and tocon tri bu te to sta bi lity in the Bal kans as Ko so vo at ta i ned its fi nal sta tus early the next year.Rad ma no vic re spon ded that no ne of Bo snia’s en ti ti es had any do ubt abo ut the need forICTY com pli an ce.

Mon te ne gro: A Fast Track from In de pen den ce 6. (C) NA TO Sec re tary Ge ne ral de Ho op Schef fer la u ded Mon te ne gro’s qu ick pro -

gress sin ce in de pen den ce in Ju ne 2006 to mem ber ship in PfP. Pre si dent Vu ja no vic de -scri bed Mon te ne gro’s pro gress in mo re de tail, fo cu sing on bu il ding de fen se in sti tu ti onsun der de moc ra tic ci vi lian con trol and ac hi e ving in ter o pe ra bi lity with NA TO to al low par -ti ci pa tion in NA TO-led pe a ce ke e ping ope ra ti ons. He al so al lu ded to the need for eco no -mic de ve lop ment, ho ped that jo i ning PfP wo uld en co u ra ge in ter na ti o nal in ve stors, andthat EU and NA TO mem ber ship wo uld fol low.

7. (C) Al li es Bul ga ria, Slo ve nia, and Bel gi um re spon ded, po in ting to the need forfurt her work on strengthe ning the ru le of law, bu il ding an ef fi ci ent go vern ment ad mi ni -stra tion, fig hting cor rup tion, in sti tu ting eco no mic re form, and bol ste ring re gi o nal co o pe -ra tion in the cri ti cal pe riod fol lo wing the de ter mi na tion of Ko so vo’s fi nal sta tus. Slo ve -nia stres sed that the va lu es and prin ci ples en shri ned in the PfP Fra me work Do cu ment we -re strongly sha red by all Al li es and that PfP to ols wo uld help Mon te ne gro to ac hi e ve itsre form and in ter o pe ra bi lity go als. Bel gi um ap pla u ded Mon te ne gro’s speedy ac ces sion tothe UN and OSCE, as well as PfP, and en dor sed its aspi ra ti ons to join NA TO and the EU. 138

Ser bia: Com mit ment to ICTY... 8. (C) Pre si dent Ta dic was ac com pa nied by MGen Po nos, Pre si den tial Co un se lors

Je re nic, Rat ko vic, and Kr spic, and Spe cial En voy to NA TO Mi lin ko vic. His me e ting withPerm Reps was the most an ti ci pa ted and dra ma tic of the three. (The SYG’s Pri va te Of fi -ce so ught in advan ce to li mit the num ber of Al lied in ter ven ti ons, and set tled on Ser bia’salp ha be ti cal third-pla ce ap pe a ran ce to al low mo re ti me for the ses sion if ne e ded.) At thela unch of the me e ting, in front of the press, the SYG drew on Ri ga Sum mit lan gu a ge toemp ha si ze NA TO’s ex pec ta ti on that Ser bia wo uld co o pe ra te fully with ICTY, and thatthe Al li an ce wo uld clo sely mo ni tor its ac ti ons. Still be fo re the ca me ras, Ta dic pro mi sedthat “Ser bia is go ing to co o pe ra te with the ICTY fully, ar rest all in dic te es, and fi na li ze thispro cess.” He de scri bed Ser bia’s Part ner ship as “the end of iso la tion.”

9. (C) Ta dic’s pre sen ta tion in clo sed ses sion was even mo re emp ha tic. He in si stedthat ar re sting war cri mi nals was a “mo ral im pe ra ti ve” and re flec ted Ser bia’s own va lu es.It wo uld show not “we ak ness or co war di ce, but fa cing up to the dark days of the 1990swhen cri mes we re com mit ted in the na me of our na tion.” He said Ser bia had to ta ke thisva lu es-ba sed stand “for the sa ke of our chil dren.” On Ko so vo, he was mo re nu an ced. Hefirst cal led for a com pro mi se so lu tion that ac com mo da ted “Ser bia’s le gi ti ma te de mands.”But he went on to pro mi se that “wha te ver the out co me, Ser bia is com mit ted to help ke -ep the pe a ce in this re gion.” He ter med Ser bia’s Part ner ship as the cul mi na tion of his per -so nal ef forts sin ce ser ving as De fen se Mi ni ster in 2003.

But Am bi va len ce on Ko so vo 10. (C) Nor way, Italy, the UK, Ger many, Hun gary, Ro ma nia, and Spain re spon ded

to Ta dic’s in spi ring pre sen ta tion. Each of them sa lu ted his com mit ment to bring war cri -mi nals to ac co unt, and re i te ra ted that this was es sen tial for Ser bia to join what Spain cal -led the Euro-Atlan tic fa mily. Nor way ce le bra ted the “land mark day” for both the Bal kansand for the Al li an ce, sta ting that with ICTY com pli an ce, “the re is no li mit how far NA -TO-Ser bian re la ti ons can go.” The UK to ok the most un com pro mi sing stand, ad dres singSer bia’s re spon si bi lity to con tri bu te to re gi o nal sta bi lity (e.g. Ko so vo set tle ment) and toICTY obli ga ti ons (cal ling for this to be ac know led ged in Ser bia’s PfP Pre sen ta tion Do -cu ment). Hun gary stres sed that Part ner ship “is not a re ward, but a tool” for do me stic re -form.

11. (C) An emo ti o nal Ta dic re spon ded by po in ting to the “un be li e va ble chan ges” inSer bian at ti tu des to ward NA TO sin ce the low po int of NA TO’s 1999 Ope ra tion Al liedFor ce bom bing cam pa ign to to day, when 60% of Ser bi ans sup port PfP and 40% sup portNA TO mem ber ship. He re i te ra ted that he wo uld do “all in my po wer to im ple ment” fur-t her re form and the ap pre hen sion of fu gi ti ves. Re gar ding Ko so vo, he in si sted that Ser biawo uld “de fend our in te rests” whi le at the sa me ti me thin king abo ut re gi o nal sta bi lity. Hesaid that a “com pro mi se set tle ment” was the best ho pe for re gi o nal sta bi lity, and op po -sed “new frag men ta tion of bor ders in the Bal kans” which co uld be co me a bro a der re gi -o nal pro blem.

Text of Ta dic Ad dress to the NAC12. (C) Be gin text of Ta dic ad dress: Your Ex cel len ci es, La di es and Gen tle men, De -

ar Fri ends, It is my ho nor to ad dress the North Atlan tic Co un cil on the day the Re pu blicof Ser bia for mally en ters NA TO’s Part ner ship for Pe a ce pro gram. The de ci sion to in vi te

139

us to join is of gre at hi sto ri cal im por tan ce not only for my co un try and our re gion, but –I be li e ve – for all the co un tri es re pre sen ted in this ro om. For me, this da te will mark theday the Euro-Atlan tic com mu nity of na ti ons ac tu a li zed Sir Win ston Chur chill’s call atFul ton for “a new unity in Euro pe from which no na tion sho uld be pen na nently out cast.”To day, the soul of Euro pe has grown stron ger: the va lu es we sha re with pas sion and con -vic tion ha ve tri ump hed anew. To day, a fresh chap ter in the hi story of de moc ra tic fre e domin So uth East Euro pe be gins. Of co ur se, to day marks just a be gin ning, not an end. Ourjo i ning the PfP fa mily is only the first step in the pro cess that will cu li na te in the re gion’sfull in te gra tion in to te Al li an ce. La di es and Gen tle men, Ser bian Ar med For ces ha ve co -me far sin ce the day when, as my co un try’s Mi ni ster of De fen se, I ad dres sed this sa mecham ber. On that day in 2003, I spo ke of my in ten tion to be gin the pro cess of de fen se re -form. On this day, I spe ak to you with a happy sin ce rity that co mes from kno wing thatthe re cog ni tion of our ac hi e ve ments has ar ri ved at last. On be half of the de moc ra tic for -ces of Ser bia, I want to ex press my gra ti tu de for the sup port you ha ve ex ten ded to my co -un try. You ha ve em bol de ned tho se who be li e ve that to get her mo re can be at ta i ned thanse pa ra tely. You ha ve en co u ra ged tho se who in sist that tra u mas of the past can not stand inthe way of the pro mi se of a bet ter to mor row. And you ha ve strengthe ned our re sol ve tofight at ho me with re ne wed vi gor aga inst the no tion that our de si re to in te gra te in to theEuro-Atlan tic fa mily of na ti ons is a sign of we ak ness and co war di ce. I firmly be li e ve thatto be co u ra ge o us in the We stern Bal kans me ans to fa ce up to the aw ful de eds com mit teddu ring the dark de ca de of the 1990s. It ta kes the co u ra ge that co mes with re spon si ble le -a der ship to say that cri mes we re com mit ted in the na me of one’s na tion. Fa i lu re to do sodis ho nors us in the eyes of our chil dren. I the re fo re con si der it a mo ral im pe ra ti ve that allfu gi ti ves from ju sti ce, Rat ko Mi a dic in par ti cu lar, be lo ca ted, ar re sted, and ex tra di ted tothe Ha gue. Ser bia go es to the polls on Ja nu ary 21St. I am gre atly op ti mi stic that the newde moc ra tic go vern ment will be fully com mit ted to ex tra di ting all the in dic ted war cri mi -nals. I ha ve pled ged to com mit all re le vant re so ur ces to that end, and I in tend to ke ep mypro mi se. Mem ber ship in the com mu nity of va lu es that is the Part ner ship for Pe a ce onlyin cre a ses my de ter mi na tion to see them bro ught I be fo re the Tri bu nal. La di es and Gen tle -men, It is li kely that very soon a pro po sal on the fu tu re sta tus of the pro vin ce of Ko so voand Me to hi ja will be re com men ded by Pre si dent Ah ti sa a ri to the Con tact Gro up and theSe cu rity Co un cil of the Uni ted Na ti ons. The Re pu blic of Ser bia has con si stently ar guedfor a com pro mi se so lu tion that se eks to re con ci le Bel gra de’s le gi ti ma te de mands with tho -se of the Ko so vo Al ba ni ans. We con ti nue to be li e ve that a ne go ti a ted, mu tu ally-ac cep ta -ble so lu tion is the best way for ward and pre sents the best ho pe for re gi o nal sta bi lity. Ot -hers cham pion a mo re one-si ded so lu tion. But wha te ver the out co me, the Re pu blic of Ser -bia re ma ins fully com mit ted to help ke e ping the pe a ce in our re gion. Our mem ber ship inPart ner ship for Pe a ce only en han ces this com mit ment, for it pro vi des us with mec ha nismsto re spond to se cu rity chal len ges in a con struc ti ve way, jo intly with our al li es. La di es andGen tle men, I will end with a few old words that are in my opi nion very per ti nent to theme a ning of the new unity of Euro pe. The pre am ble to the 1949 North Atlan tic Tre aty re -ads, in part, that the par ti es to the tre aty “are de ter mi ned to sa fe gu ard the fre e dom, com -mon he ri ta ge and ci vi li za tion of the ir pe o ples, fo un ded on the prin ci ples of de moc racy, in -di vi dual li berty and the ru le of law.” For me to day, tho se words are as po wer ful as on theday they we re writ ten. I be li e ve that ne ver be fo re in the hi story of So uth East Euro pe hassuch a con cre te op por tu nity to over co me re gi o nal stri fe and con flict, as the one be fo re us140

now, pre sen ted it self to tho se wil ling to grasp its pro mi se of pro spe rity. Thank you verymuch for ex ten ding the Part ner ship for Pe a ce to the Re pu blic of Ser bia.

Nu land

XLVRe fe ren ce id: 06SA RA JE VO3203Su bject: Bo snia – High Rep Pres ses For “real As ses sment” On Ohr Clo su re At Fe -

bru ary 2007 PicOri gin: Em bassy Sa ra je vo (Bo snia and Her ze go vi na)Ca ble ti me: Wed, 20 Dec 2006 06:46 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec retSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2006/12/06SA RA JE VO3203.htmlHi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: VZCZCXRO9570 OO RU E HAG RU E HROV DE RU EHVJ #3203/01 3540646

ZNY SSSSS ZZH O 200646Z DEC 06 FM AMEM BASSY SA RA JE VO TO RU -EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC IM ME DI A TE 5074 IN FO RUC NMEN/EU MEM BERSTA TES RU EHBW/AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE 0311 RU EHBM/AMEM BASSYBUC HA REST 0038 RU EHSQ/AMEM BASSY SKO PJE 0216 RU EHSF/AMEM -BASSY SO FIA 0032 RU EH TI/AMEM BASSY TI RA NA 0096 RU EHVB/AMEM -BASSY ZA GREB 0278 RU FO A OA/USNIC SA RA JE VO RU EKJCS/JCS WAS -HING TON DC RU E A I IA/CIA WASHDC RU EK DIA/DIA WAS HING TON DC RU -EKJCS/SEC DEF WASHDC RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC

Hi de he a der

Sec ret SIP DIS STA TE FOR EUR DI CAR LO, EUR/SCE (HOH, FO OKS); NSC FOR BRAUN

E.O. 12958: DECL: 12/01/2016 Tags: PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti -

ons], PI NR [In tel li gen ce], KAWC [A tro ci ti es and War Cri mes], BK [Bo snia and Her -ze go vi na]

Ref: SA RA JE VO 2752 Clas si fied By: Am bas sa dor Do u glas McEl ha ney. Re a son 1.4(b) and (d).

1. (S) Sum mary: Pri or to the De cem ber 6-7 me e ting of the Pe a ce Im ple men ta tionCo un cil (PIC) in Brus sels, De puty As si stant Sec re tary of Sta te Ro se mary Di Car lo me e -ting with High Re pre sen ta ti ve (Hig hRep) Chri stian Schwarz-Schil ling. Schwarz-Schil -ling ur ged the U.S. to sup port a “real re vi ew” abo ut OHR’s fu tu re at the Fe bru ary 2007PIC and outli ned two con tin gency plans for ke e ping OHR open. He told Di Car lo thatICTY Chi ef Pro se cu tor Car la Del Pon te had ap pro ach him abo ut using his Bonn Po wersto re mo ve the Re pu bli ka Spska (RS) Mi ni ster of In ter i or, if PIFWC Sto jan Zu plja nin we -re not ar re sted in 30 days. On po li ce re form, Schwarz-Schil ling ca u ti o ned that it was tooearly to bring po li ce re form ne go ti a ti ons to a head. Fi nally, Schwarz-Schil ling pro po sedesta blis hing in Ja nu ary a sec re ta ri at to ma na ge a se cond pha se of con sti tu ti o nal re form.End sum mary

141

A “Real Re vi ew” Be fo re OHR Clo ses 2. (C) Schwarz-Schil ling ope ned the me e ting by ma king a plea for a “real re vi ew”

abo ut OHR’s fu tu re when the PIC me ets in Fe bru ary 2007. So me co un tri es see clo su rein Ju ne 2007 as al ready de ci ded and the Fe bru ary re vi ew as a for ma lity, he ex pla i ned. AsHig hRep he had a re spon si bi lity to en su re the Fe bru ary 2007 PIC did mo re than act as “arub ber stamp,” Schwarz-Schil ling said. OHR wo uld di stri bu te its own as ses sment 10days pri or to the Fe bru ary 2007 PIC, which he said wo uld pro vi de the ba sis for di scus -sion. The as ses sment wo uld exa mi ne re gi o nal fac tors, par ti cu larly Ko so vo, se cu rity inBo snia, and “in ter nal dyna mics,” such as the fun cti o na lity of sta te in sti tu ti ons and the po -li ti cal si tu a tion. OHR’s fu tu re sho uld not hin ge on the sta tus of one or two re forms, but a“ho li stic, syste ma tic vi ew of the sta bi lity of Bo snia,” he ad ded.

3. (C) Tho ugh the PIC wo uld not de ci de OHR’s fa te at the De cem ber me e ting, itwo uld still need to di scuss al ter na ti ve op ti ons for ma in ta i ning an OHR pre sen ce in Sa ra -je vo, Schwarz-Schil ling said. The Hig hRep told Di Car lo that OHR staff had outli ned twoop ti ons for ke e ping OHR open. The first was a stra ight for ward 12 month de lay withOHR con ti nu ing to ope ra te at wha te ver staff le vel exi sted on March 1, 2007 whi le pa ral -lel steps we re ta ken for a gra dual bu ild-up of a re in for ced Of fi ce of the EU Spe cial Re -pre sen ta ti ve (EUSR). The se cond in vol ved con ti nu ing the tran si tion to a re in for cedEUSR, whi le the EUSR re ta i ned his se pa ra te po si tion as Hig hRep and the Bonn Po wers.He wo uld be sup por ted by a small “Bonn Po wers te am.”

4. (C) Di Car lo agreed that no de ci sion on OHR’s fu tu re sho uld be ta ken pri or to Fe -bru ary 2007. The U.S. sup por ted a tho ro ugh as ses sment at that ti me, but ho ped to be ina po si tion to clo se OHR on sche du le in Ju ne. In the Uni ted Sta tes’ vi ew, OHR ne e ded tofo cus on cre a ting the con di ti ons re qu i red that wo uld al low OHR to clo se. With re gard tothe two op ti ons for ke e ping OHR open, Di Car lo stres sed that the U.S. co uld not sup portma in ta i ning a small Bonn Po wers of fi ce in a dual-hat ted re in for ced EUSR/OHR. If anex ten si on we re re qu i red, the U.S. pre fe ren ce wo uld li kely be to ke ep OHR as it is inMarch. Di Car lo ad ded that the OHR as ses sment sho uld not add new benchmarks for clo -su re. The cur rent benchmarks, spel led out in OHR’s Mis sion Im ple men ta tion Plan (MIP)we re cle ar and what the PIC had de ci ded OHR ne e ded to ac com plish to com ple te itsman da te.

ICTY – The Me tric Re ma ins “Full Co o pe ra tion”5. (C) Tur ning the ICTY, Di Car lo ex pres sed con cern that ICTY Chi ef Pro se cu tor

Car la Del Pon te was “ra i sing the bar” on SAA con di ti o na lity for the Bo sni ans. Del Pon tehad of ten fa i led to ma ke cle ar to the Bo sni ans pre ci sely what type of co o pe ra tion she re -qu i red from them or what kind of sup port she re qu i red from the in ter na ti o nal com mu nity.Schwarz-Schil ling agreed, ad ding that Del Pon te of ten ma de cla ims abo ut the whe re a bo -uts and tra vels of war cri mi nals wit ho ut bac king them up. This ap pro ach had fru stra tedthe Bo sni ans and un der cut her cre di bi lity with them, he said. Schwarz-Schil ling said hehad told Del Pon te that OHR co uld not sup port her work ba sed on un sub stan ti a ted as ser -ti ons.

6. (S) Del Pon te told him that she be li e ved RS Mi ni ster of In ter i or Ca djo know thewhe re a bo uts of ICTY in dic tee Sto jan Zu plja nin, Schwarz-Schil ling con ti nued; and shein for med the Hig hRep that she had gi ven Ca djo an ul ti ma tum to ar rest Zu plja nin and142

tran sfer him to The Ha gue wit hin 30 days. If Ca djo fa i led to de li ver, Del Pon te wan tedhim to use his Bonn Po wers to re mo ve Ca djo from of fi ce, Schwarz-Schil ling said.Aspects of Del Pon te’s ca se aga inst Ca djo ap pe a red cre di ble, but he ne e ded evi den ce. Hewas pre pa red to use his Bonn Po wers, but only if he co uld ve rify the in for ma tion DelPon te pre sen ted him.

Po li ce Re form7. (C) Schwarz-Schil ling told Di Car lo that he ex pec ted the Po li ce Di rec to ra te to

is sue its fi nal re port on De cem ber 20. Un til then, he was not pre pa red “to for ce the is -sue,” he said, ad ding for cing it too early ri sked ca u sing RS Pri me Mi ni ster Mi lo radDo dik to walk out of po li ti cal talks. Schwarz-Schil ling’s Prin ci pal De puty La rry Bu -tler no ted that Do dik had not agreed to tran sfer bud ge tary com pe ten ci es for the po li cefrom the en tity to the Sta te. This and tran sfer of le gi sla ti ve com pe ten ci es we re cri ti calto a po li ce re form deal. Ot her wi se, the re was “plenty of ro om” wit hin the three ECprin ci ples on po li ce re form for the RS to ma in tain its po li ce for ce. Bu tler al so war nedthat if Do dik ac ted on his thre at to sub mit the Po li ce Di rec to ra te re port to the RS Na -ti o nal As sembly (RSNA) and the RSNA vo ted aga inst it, it wo uld ma ke it even har -der for Do dik to re ach a com pro mi se on po li ce re form. Do dik’s thre at to hold a re fe -ren dum on po li ce re form wo uld ha ve even mo re di re con se qu en ces, Bu tler con ti nued,as a po li ce re form re fe ren dum co uld be co me a sur ro ga te for a re fe ren dum on RS in -de pen den ce.

Con sti tu ti o nal Re form

8. (C) Tur ning to con sti tu ti o nal re form, Schwarz-Schil ling stres sed his con ti nuedsup port for the U.S.-bro ke red pac ka ge of con sti tu ti o nal amend ments, but ad mit ted thathe was not op ti mi stic abo ut its pro spects. It was im por tant to ma in tain the mo men tum oncon sti tu ti o nal re form and sig nal to Bo snia that a se cond pha se wo uld ta ke pla ce. With thishe in mind he pro po sed esta blis hing a “Con sti tu ti o nal Re form Sec re ta ri at” wit hin the Bo -snian par li a ment in Ja nu ary. Ta king this step wo uld not re qu i re aban do ning the U.S.-bro -ke red pac ka ge, he qu ickly ad ded, as OHR co uld fra me the sec re ta ri at as in ten ded to sup -port both pha ses of con sti tu ti o nal re form. He asked whet her the U.S. wo uld pro vi de USD1 mil lion to sup port the sec re ta ri at’s work and said that he re qu e sted the sa me amo unt ofmo ney from the EC.

9. (C) Di Car lo than ked the Hig hRep for his sup port for the U.S.-bro ke red pac ka -ge, but sug ge sted it was too soon to ma ke any de fi ni ti ve jud gments abo ut its pro spects.This wo uld ha ve to wa it un til a new go vern ment was in pla ce. In the me an ti me, theU.S. wo uld not sup port ta king any steps, in clu ding esta blis hing a “Con sti tu ti o nal Re -form Sec re ta ri at,” that might pro vi de Bo snian po li ti cal le a ders with an ex cu se to walkaway from the con sti tu ti o nal com pro mi ses they re ac hed in March. Fi nally, Di Car lo ur -ged Schwarz-Schil ling to re frain from pu bli di scus sion abo ut plans for a se cond pha seof con sti tu ti o nal re form which wo uld un der mi ne pro spects of pas sing the exi sting amend -ment pac ka ge.

McEl ha ney143

XLVIRe fe ren ce id: 06BEL GRA DE2065Su bject: Re li gion And Po li tics In Ser bia – The Po li ti cal Ro le Of The Ser bian Ort -

ho dox ChurchOri gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Tue, 26 Dec 2006 06:55 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2006/12/06BEL GRA DE2065.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO3535 RR RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU E HROV

RU EH SR DE RU EHBW #2065/01 3600655 ZNY CCCCC ZZH R 260655Z DEC 06FM AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC 9963 IN FORU EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DIS E.O. 12958: DECL. 12/20/16 Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs],

SO CI [So cial Con di ti ons], KIRF [In ter na ti o nal Re li gi o us Fre e dom], SR [Ser bi a] Clas si fied by: POL CO UNS Gu sta vo Del ga do, re a sons 1.4 (b,d)

1. (C) Sum mary: The Ser bian Ort ho dox Church (SOC) has played an im por tant po -li ti cal ro le sin ce the end of the Mi lo se vic era, in cre a singly col la bo ra ting with con ser va ti -ve na ti o na lists to pro mo te a mu tu ally be ne fi cial agen da that en co u ra ges con ser va ti ve va -lu es at ho me and school, di sco u ra ges strong ac tion on ICTY com pli an ce, and sup ports ahar dli ne po si tion on Ko so vo. The church is li kely to re main har dli ne in the ne ar fu tu re asthe sta tus of Ko so vo is de ter mi ned, but mo de ra te vo i ces in the church co uld co me to thefo re if re for mists lead the next co a li tion go vern ment af ter par li a men tary elec ti ons Ja nu -ary 21. End Sum mary.

Bri ef Hi story 2. (SBU) The SOC grew out of the tra di tion of eastern Chri sti a nity, fol lo wing Con -

stan ti no ple rat her than Ro me af ter the Gre at Schism. Un der Ot to man ru le, the church be -ca me clo sely as so ci a ted with Ser bian re si stan ce, which lin ked it to Ser bian na ti o nal iden -tity and the re sul ting Ser bian mo narchy. In Ti to’s Yugo sla via, the at he i stic sta te of fi ci allydi sco u ra ged all forms of re i gion, se ve rely li mi ting the SOC’s ro le in so ciey. With the col -lap se of com mu nism and the re su ren ce of na ti o na list mo ve ments in the 1980s and 90, thechurch saw a mild re li gi o us re vi val and an in cre a se in its po wer.

3. (SBU) Th SOC played a con tro ver sial ro le in the Yugo slav wars, so me ti mes gi -ving mi xed mes sa ges. On the one hand, the church cal led for pe a ce and re con ci li a tion,but al so is sued a num ber of of fi cial sta te ments vo i cing its sup port for Ser bia ke e ping thecon qu e red ter ri to ri es, par ti cu larly in Bo snia and Her ze go vi na, and so me in di vi dual bis -hops even went as far as to con duct ser vi ces bles sing sol di ers just be fo re im por tant bat -144

tles (as in fa mo usly por trayed in the “Scor pi ons” vi deo from Sre bre ni ca). In the af ter mathof the Oc to ber 5th mo ve ment which ousted Pre si dent Mi lo se vic, the church has mo vedto esta blish gre a ter ti es to the Ser bian go vern ment, fin ding a wil ling ally in Pri me Mi ni -ster Ko stu ni ca, and has be gun a cam pa ign of de se cu la ri za tion.

Fac ti ons wit hin the Church4. (SBU) Church mem ber and cri tic Mir ko Djor dje vic de scri bed to Em boffs the di -

vi si ons wit hin the SOC as ge ne rally con ti nu ing along the sa me li nes of pro-war ver susan ti-war that aro se in the 1990’s, with cur rent Pa tri arch Pa vle ma in ta i ning a ba lan ce bet -we en the two. Ho we ver, he ad ded, the re are no cle arly de fi ned gro ups of har dli ners andmo de ra tes, but rat her a spec trum of vi ews that vary ba sed on the is sue. Ob ser vers ha veno ted that the mo re har dli ne bis hops se em to be ga i ning in po wer at the ex pen se of themo de ra tes, as evi dent in the pro mo tion away from the cen ter of po wer of pro mi nent mo -de ra te Iri nej Do bri je vic (re cently na med Bis hop of Austra lia and New Ze a land), and theascent of out spo kenly con ser va ti ve Bo snian clergymen at the last Bis hops Con fe ren ce.So me ob ser vers ha ve al so cla i med that the in flux of re fu ge es in to Ser bia has hel ped con -tri bu te to the ri se of the har dli ne fac tion, as the se gro ups tend to be mo re con ser va ti ve.

SOC Re la ti ons with Po li ti cal Le a der ship 5. (SBU) Whi le va ri o us par ti es ma in tain con tacts with the fac ti ons wit hin the SOC,

the party with the stron gest church ti es is the DSS. Asi de from PM Ko stu ni ca’s per so nalfa mily ti es to church le a ders (his wi fe is ne i ce to Me tro po li tan Am fi lo hi je), ob ser vers re -mark that he and his party are ac ti vely wor king to en su re SOC sup port on a num ber ofis su es, most pro mi nently the fi nal sta tus of Ko so vo. A church in si der com men ted that theDSS ge ne rally pus hes for the advan ce ment of the har dli ners wit hin the church, and is op -po sed to mo de ra tes ga i ning po wer. The SOC has al so had tra di ti o nally strong ti es to DSSmem bers who ha ve been Edu ca tion Mi ni sters, espe ci ally the pre vi o us mi ni ster, Lji lja naCo lic, who fre qu ently re fe ren ced the church in her de ci si ons and cal led Sa int Sa va “theideal of the Ser bian edu ca tion system.” Dr. Mi lan Vu ko ma no vic, a re li gion and so ci o logypro fes sor at Bel gra de Uni ver sity, said the SOC is so lin ked to the DSS that its for tu neswill ascend or de scend ba sed on DSS per for man ce at the polls. The SOC played a cen -tral ro le in hel ping Ko stu ni ca get his con sti tu tion pas sed, with Pa tri arch Pa vle gar ne ringex ten si ve me dia co ve ra ge as he was car ried from his sic kbed to cast a “yes” vo te in thecon sti tu ti o nal re fe ren dum.

6. (SBU) Ot her par ti es, whi le not as in flu en tial as the DSS, al so ha ve church ti es.Ob ser vers say the DS has re cently mo ved to im pro ve re la ti ons with mo de ra te church le -a ders, with so me cla i ming Ta dic is ho ping to ke ep a har dli ne con ser va ti ve from be co -ming the next Pa tri arch. Djor dje vic and ot her ob ser vers cla im that so me church of fi ci alsal so ha ve strong ti es to the Ra di cals. Ad di ti o nally, so me analysts hypot he si ze that if themo nar chist SPO de ve lops clo ser ti es to the royal fa mily (to in clu de per haps put ting fa -mily mem bers on the party list), they co uld gain mo re sup port from the SOC, sin ce thechurch is one of the most out spo ken pro po nents of re sto ring the mo narchy. Ho we ver,with SPO pol ling un der 5 per cent in re cent elec tion sur veys, and with Crown Prin ceAlek san der mo re of a mind to start his own mo narchy party (on tho se oc ca si ons when hecon si ders a po li ti cal li fe), this sce na rio is un li kely.

145

De se cu la ri za tion7. (SBU) Cri tics of the SOC cla im that the church is pus hing mo re and mo re for of -

fi cial in te gra tion in to the Ser bian sta te. In the cur rent con sti tu tion, the SOC is not re cog -ni zed as the of fi cial sta te re li gion, but it is gran ted “spe cial sta tus” as first among a list of7 “tra di ti o nal fa iths” in Ser bia. The SOC has pu blicly re qu e sted that it be gi ven of fi cialsta tus as the sta te re li gion, but so far this has been re jec ted by the go vern ment. Ob ser versno te that it al ready has de fac to of fi cial sta tus, par ti cu larly when con si de ring the very clo -se ti es to the Mi ni stry of Re li gi o us Af fa irs, which the Hel sin ki Com mit tee on Hu manRights says “be ha ves al most li ke an ex ter nal go vern ment ‘ser vi ce’ of the SOC.”

8. (SBU) The Ko stu ni ca go vern ment has shown it self to be wil ling to com pro mi sewith the church on this is sue, as evi dent in the Draft Law on the Fre e dom of Re li gion,Chur ches, Re li gi o us Com mu ni ti es and Re li gi o us As so ci a ti ons of July 2004, which gran -ted the clergy of the SOC pu blic im mu nity and so li di fied its pri mus in ter pa res sta tus re -la ti ve to ot her re li gi ons. The Re li gion Law was ori gi nally ve toed by Pre si dent Ta dic ascle arly ina de qu a te to Euro pean stan dards for pro tec ting hu man and re li gi o us rights, butwas pas sed over his ob jec ti ons by the par li a ment as a si de bar is sue in an emer gency ses -sion early this year.

9. (SBU) Alt ho ugh the new con sti tu tion ex pli citly sta tes that Ser bia is a se cu lar sta -te, the at ti tu des espo u sed by the cur rent go vern ment tend to wards ever mo re co o pe ra tionand ac com mo da tion with the SOC. In deed, many po li ti cal analysts and con sti tu ti o nalscho lars see a he avy SOC hand in the draf ting of the con sti tu tion, espe ci ally in the are asof so cial/fa mily, re li gion, and edu ca tion law. In ad di tion, sin ce the ouster of Mi lo se vic,the SOC has been per mit ted (as ha ve ot her re li gi ons) to pro vi de re li gi o us in struc tion inpu blic scho ols, re ve a ling the lack of com mit ment to se cu lar edu ca tion. Djor dje vic no testhat whi le this re li gi o us in struc tion has shown lit tle re sults in pro mo ting re li gion amongyoung pe o ple, it has been an ef fec ti ve tool for spre a ding the church’s po li ti cal mes sa ge,which is most fre qu ently re pre sen ted by pri ests who te ach stu dents that the re cent Yugo -slav wars we re ju sti fied and that Ser bia sho uld de fend its ter ri to rial cla ims.

SOC Ko so vo Po licy 10. (C) The church’s of fi cial stan ce is that Ko so vo must re main an in te gral part of

Ser bia, with in de pen den ce or auto nomy out of the qu e sti on. On this is sue, the church hasma de so me of its most out spo ken sta te ments. Le a ders of the SOC even went as far as tocall for Serbs in Ko so vo to boycott elec ti ons and not par ti ci pa te in the Pri sti na go vern -ment. Ho we ver, the re are fac ti ons in the church pus hing for a mo re prac ti cal re spon se tothe si tu a tion. The le a ding fi gu re of the mo de ra tes on this is sue has been Bis hop Te o do si -je, who po in ted out that the SOC has sur vi ved in many sta tes un der many cir cum stan ces,from the Ot to mans to the com mu nists, and that it wo uld con ti nue to sur vi ve in Ko so vono mat ter what the out co me. In fact, ob ser vers say that the most li kely re spon se to an in -de pen dent Ko so vo wo uld be for the SOC to gain the sa me kind of sta tus it has cur rentlyin Cro a tia. Many now be li e ve the SOC wo uld ac cept an out co me that Ko stu ni ca and theRa di cals wo uld op po se, so long as it ade qu a tely pro tec ted SOC rights and pro per ti es inKo so vo. So far, ho we ver, the go vern ment?s co o pe ra tion with SOC har dli ners has keptthe church from en ga ging con struc ti vely with Ah ti sa a ri on the is sue, so ne it her the cler-gy not the con gre ga tion has a cle ar idea of what pro tec ti ons are be ing con si de red.146

SOC ICTY Po licy 11. (C) In ter nally, we are told, the re are bis hops on both si des of the de ba te over

whet her to turn ac cu sed war cri mi nal Rat ko Mla dic over to the Ha gue Tri bu nal. Da mjanKr nje vic-Mi sko vic, an advi sor in Pre si dent Ta dic’s of fi ce for re li gi o us af fa irs told us thatpri va tely, most of the le a ding fi gu res in the SOC are in fa vor of Mla dic’s ex tra di ti on toThe Ha gue– eit her on re li gi o us/mo ral gro unds or for re al po li tik re a sons of mo ving Ser -bia for ward. Ne vert he less, the SOC pu blicly con ti nu es to hold the li ne that the Tri bu nalis bi a sed aga inst Serbs, and that “only the Ser bian cri mes are sin gled out.” The re has ne -ver been an of fi cial apo logy is sued for the church’s ro le in so me of the cri mes of the re -cent Bal kan wars, de spi te its do cu men ted in vol ve ment.

SOC on Euro-Atlan tic In te gra tion12. (SBU) Ac cor ding to church-watchers, the SOC is fun da men tally op po sed to

what it se es as an overly-se cu lar We stern cul tu re, and has fre qu ently com men ted that in -te gra tion wo uld thre a ten the very iden tity of Ser bia. Djor dje vic po ints out that the SOCis wary of Ser bian ac ces sion to the EU due to the fact that ort ho dox com mu ni ti es ma keup only a tiny mi no rity of tho se re li gi o us or ga ni za ti ons re pre sen ted in the EU, and thechurch se es the Va ti can as ha ving much mo re in flu en ce. The SOC con si ders NA TOmem ber ship to be an equ al thre at, and ta kes a po in tedly an ti-Ame ri can stan ce on this is -sue, even go ing as far as to ini ti a te the ca no ni za tion pro cess for a 3-year-old vic tim of the1999 NA TO bom bings as a pu blic re min der.

Re la ti on ship with Ot her Re li gi o us Com mu ni ti es 13. (SBU) Ac cor ding to Dr. Vu ko ma no vic, the SOC at pre sent is an in ward-lo o king

gro up of old men who, with the help of the cur rent go vern ment, cling to the past and re -ject ide as of ecu me ni ca lism be ing sug ge sted by youn ger and mo re we stern-ex po sed cler-gy. In stead of wor king with the ci vil so ci e ti es to in cre a se un der stan ding bet we en the va -ri o us et hni ci ti es and con fes si o nal com mu ni ti es and bu ild a po si ti ve new so ci ety, the SOCta kes a re tro gra de stan ce, fo cu sed on bu il ding its po li ti cal po wer ba se and rig hting hi sto -ri cal wrongs. It has re jec ted the vi sit of the Po pe to Ser bia ba sed upon old grud ges fromthe two World Wars (in par ti cu lar the Ro man Cat ho lic Church?s sup port of the Na zi en -cro ac hment) and the la te John Paul II’s de si re to en fold the Ort ho dox Chur ches in to theem bra ce of ecu me ni ca lism. The new Po pe?s ex pres sed de si re to vi sit Ser bia is me e tingcon ti nued re si stan ce. In ad di tion, the SOC has re jec ted the esta blis hment and ac cep tan ceof ot her ort ho dox chur ches (i.e. the Ma ce do nian and Mon te ne grin) in Ser bia.

Pro spects for the Fu tu re14. (C) The pri est hood is aging. The re we re only 40 ap pli cants for 300 fully-fun ded

slots of fe red by the Fa culty of Re li gion for stu dents in te re sted in studying for the pri est -hood. Church cri tics and so me mo de ra tes be li e ve that new ide as are sti fled and tho se whoha ve ex po su re to the West (par ti cu larly clergy drawn from the Di a spo ra) are shun ted toare as whe re the ir vo i ces will not be he ard. In si ders and cri tics ali ke se em to agree that thechurch is de fi ni tely he a ded in a mo re con ser va ti ve di rec tion, espe ci ally when tal king abo -ut the ri sing le a ders. Both Vu ko ma no vic and Djor dje vic be li e ve that the next Pa tri arch willmost li kely co me from the gro up of mo re har dli ne Bo snian bis hops, sug ge sting eit her Vla -di ka Va si li je Ka ca ven da or Me tro po li tan Ni ko laj as the two most pro ba ble suc ces sors.

147

15. (C) As long as con ser va ti ve na ti o na lists do mi na te the go vern ment, the GoS andSOC har dli ners are li kely to use each ot her to mu tual advan ta ge. The sta te helps se cu rea pri vi le ged pla ce for the SOC in Ser bian law and to en co u ra ge mo re con ser va ti ve, re -van chist ide o logy in scho ols and ho mes, which in turn bu ilds sup port for a hard li ne fromthe SOC on Ko so vo and ICTY, which in turn lends mo ral aut ho rity to the cur rent go vern -ment’s po li ci es. Sho uld re for mist de moc rats li ke the DS lead the next co a li tion go vern -ment, tho ugh, the re may be mo re sup port for mo de ra te vi ew po ints in the church.

Polt

XLVIIRe fe ren ce id: 07SKO PJE120Su bject: Ma ce do nia: De puty Pri me Mi ni ster On Icty Re turn Of Ca ses & Na to Pri -

o ri ti esOri gin: Em bassy Sko pje (Ma ce do nia) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 9 Feb 2007 15:13 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2007/02/07SKO PJE120.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO3449 RR RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU E HROV

RU EH SR DE RU EHSQ #0120/01 0401513 ZNY CCCCC ZZH R 091513Z FEB 07FM AMEM BASSY SKO PJE TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC 5719 IN FO RU -EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE RU E A I IA/CIA WAS HING TONDC RU E SEN/SKO PJE BE TA RHEHNSC/WHI TE HO U SE NA TI O NAL SE CU RITYCO UN CIL RU EHSQ/US DAO SKO PJE MK

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DISSTA TE FOR EUR/SCE E.O. 12958: DECL: 02/09/2017 Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs],

PHUM [Hu man Rights], ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla -vi a], MK [The For mer Yugo slav Re pu blic of Ma ce do ni a]

Ref: A. SKO PJE 39 B. SKO PJE 102 Clas si fied By: P/E Chi ef SHu bler, re a sons1.4(b) & (d).

Sum mary 1. (C) De puty PM Ko nev ska agreed with the Am bas sa dor du ring a Fe bru ary 7 me -

e ting that the Ma ce do nian ju di cial and po li ti cal system is not yet ready to ac cept the re -turn of fo ur unin dic ted ICTY ca ses in vol ving eAl ba ni ans lin ked to the two main eAl ba -nian po li ti cal par ti es he re. Re min ded that ti me is run ning out for Ma ce do nia to com ple -te nu me ro us pri o rity tasks be fo re it can be con si de red a strong con ten der for NA TO mem -ber ship, Ko nev ska said the GOM is com mit ted to im ple men ting the Ohrid Fra me workAgre e ment and is wor king to ad dress the curjQjQQvdif fi cult to go af ter “big fish” in vol -148

ved in past cor rup tion scan dals be ca u se of mu tual pro tec tion “de als” the pre vi o us two go -vern ments had con clu ded. Our mes sa ge to the GOM con ti nu es to be that, at the end ofthe day, what will co unt for NA TO mem ber ship will be de eds, not words, and re sults rat -her than ex cu ses. End Sum mary.

ICTY Re turn of Ca ses: De lay and Se qu en ce 2. (C) In a Fe bru ary 7 me e ting, the Am bas sa dor told De puty PM for Euro-In te gra -

tion Ga bri e la Ko nev ska-Traj kov ska that the USG be li e ves it wo uld be pru dent to de laythe re turn to Ma ce do nian ju ris dic tion of fo ur unin dic ted ICTY ca ses from The Ha gue (refA). In ad di tion, we tho ught the re turn sho uld be pha sed, with ca ses co ming back one-by-one. She sug ge sted to Ko nev ska that the GOM con si der ap po in ting an ad hoc go vern -ment fo cal po int to over see the va ri o us ele ments of the po li ti cally-con ten ti o us re turn ofca ses, all of which in vol ve al le ga ti ons aga inst et hnic Al ba ni ans lin ked to eit her the maineAl ba nian op po si tion party (DUI) or the eAl ba nian ju ni or go ver ning co a li tion part ner(DPA).

3. (C) Ko nev ska agreed on the need to de lay the re turn of ca ses and to en su re theca ses re turn se qu en ti ally. She said, ho we ver, that ICTY Chi ef Pro se cu tor Car la del Pon -te re cently had told her the ca ses sho uld be re tur ned by July and in one batch, ta king in -to ac co unt del Pon te’s im pen ding de par tu re from The Ha gue. Ko nev ska said a furt her de -lay wo uld be ju sti fied by the fact that the ju di ci ary still re qu i red ex ten si ve tra i ning to dealwith such ca ses. In ad di tion, ne it her the draft law on co o pe ra tion with the ICTY nor thedraft law on the pu blic pro se cu tor had been pas sed by the Ma ce do nian Par li a ment, andthe re cently-ap pro ved law on co urts was only in the early im ple men ta tion pha se. Po li ti -cally, eAl ba nian re ac ti ons to the re turn of ca ses co uld be po ten ti ally da ma ging to Ma ce -do nia’s NA TO and EU can di da ci es, Ko nev ska be li e ved.

4. (C) Ko nev ska said she was awa re of the need to ma na ge pu blic ex pec ta ti ons re -gar ding the fo ur ca ses, espe ci ally gi ven the fact that an ICTY ca se aga inst for mer Ma ce -do nian Mi ni ster of In ter i or Bo skov ski and an ac com pli ce was sche du led to be gin be fo rethe sum mer. She had un der sco red to both Bo skov ski and his ac com pli ce, du ring a re centvi sit to The Ha gue, that the GOM wo uld not try to link the ir ca ses and the re turn of thefo ur ca ses aga inst eAl ba ni ans. Ko nev ska con fi ded that she was ser ving as a de fac to go -vern ment fo cal po int on the se is su es, alt ho ugh the GOM be li e ved it was bet ter not to for -ma li ze that ap po int ment.

NA TO Mem ber ship – We sup port You, but You’ve Got to Earn It 5. (SBU) The Am bas sa dor told Ko nev ska that the USG still sup por ted Ma ce do -

nia’s NA TO can di dacy and wan ted the co un try to suc ceed in ac hi e ving that goal. Butthe re had been an un mi sta ka ble slow down in so me key re form are as sin ce the new go -vern ment to ok po wer in August of 2006. The cur rent po li ti cal gri dlock (ref B) and lac -klu ster pro gress in im ple men ting the Ohrid Fra me work Agre e ment sug ge sted Ma ce do -nia might not be ready for mem ber ship by the end of 2007. Ti me was short, and it wo -uld be im por tant to po si ti vely chan ge the co un try’s po li ti cal ima ge by Sep tem ber or Oc -to ber of this year. The co un try ne e ded to de mon stra te mo re pro gress on com ba ting cor -rup tion – with a spe ci fic fo cus on ca ses in vol ving “big fish” – and on ef fec ti vely fig -hting traf fic king in per sons (TIP).

149

6. (SBU) Ko nev ska said she and a fel low De puty PM had met re cently with par li a -men tary whips to stress to them the im por tan ce of 2007 as a year for com ple ting NA TOand EU mem ber ship-re la ted re forms. The go vern ment wo uld press for ac ti ve FWA im -ple men ta tion, and agreed on the need to work for po li ti cal con sen sus on re form pri o ri ti -es, she said. Ko nev ska had told go vern ment MPs not to re spond to pro vo ca tion from theop po si tion, but to con cen tra te in stead on prac ti cal ap pro ac hes to po li ti cal di a lo gue.

7. (C) Pra i sing USAID’s re cent work with the GOM on a com pre hen si ve an ti-cor -rup tion stra tegy, Ko nev ska said she be li e ved it wo uld pro du ce me a su ra ble re sults andbol ster the co un try’s pro gress to ward EU mem ber ship. The go vern ment did not want tobe seen as en ga ging in re ven ge pro se cu ti ons of cor rup tion ca ses, but the le a ders of thepre vi o us two go vern ments had cut pri va te de als among them sel ves to pre vent “big fish”ca ses from be ing ef fec ti vely pro se cu ted. Ko nev ska ad ded that the go vern ment had beendi scus sing at the hig hest le vels the need to in ten sify ef forts to com bat TIP.

EU Agen da – Com ple ting Na ti o nal Pro gram for Adop tion of EU Ac qu is 8. (U) No ting that Ma ce do nia’s Na ti o nal Pro gram for the Adop tion of the EU ac qu -

is (NPA) was in its fi nal sta ges be fo re be ing adop ted by the go vern ment, Ko nev ska saidall go vern ment mi ni stri es and re le vant wor king gro ups had been con sul ted in put ting theNPA to get her. She ad ded that the Euro pean Com mis sion al ready had com men ted po si ti -vely on the do cu ment, which she ho ped to pre sent to the Ma ce do nian Par li a ment inMarch.

9. (U) Ko nev ska said she wan ted to pro mo te gre a ter in vol ve ment of ci vil so ci ety –in clu ding aca de mics, NGOs, and bu si ness le a ders – in the adop tion of laws re la ted to theEU ac ces sion pro cess. The Pri me Mi ni ster wo uld in vi te the op po si tion SDSM to cha ir aNa ti o nal Co un cil for Euro pean Af fa irs in the Par li a ment, which wo uld gi ve op po si tionpar ti es gre a ter buy-in to the EU in te gra tion pro cess.

Com ment – De eds, Not Words; Re sults, Not Ex cu ses 10. (C) Ko nev ska’s as ser tion that the pre vi o us two go vern ments cut de als with each

ot her to pro tect aga inst fu tu re pro se cu tion in ma jor cor rup tion scan dals may be cor rect.That do es not, ho we ver, mean that the cur rent go vern ment sho uld avoid go ing af ter “bigfish” cor rup tion ca ses, espe ci ally tho se for which a good deal of evi den ce al ready hasbeen col lec ted. We ha ve ma de it cle ar to the go vern ment that, as far as NA TO mem ber -ship is con cer ned, what co unts are de eds, not words, and re sults rat her than ex cu ses. Wewill con ti nue to ham mer ho me that mes sa ge un til the go vern ment ta kes no ti ce and be -gins ac ting on it.

Mi lo va no vic

XLVIIIRe fe ren ce id: 07USUN NEWYORK226Su bject: Bram mertz Agre es To Ma ke Pro ce du ral Ca se For Le ba non Tri bu nalOri gin: USUN New York (Uni ted Na ti ons) Ca ble ti me: Tue, 20 Mar 2007 23:59 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tial//NO FORN

150

So ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2007/03/07USUN NEWYORK226.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO0712 OO RU EHBC RU EHD BU RU EH DE RU EHFL RU EH KUK

RU EHKW RU E HLA RU E HROV RU EH SR DE RUCNDT #0226/01 0792359 ZNYCCCCC ZZH O 202359Z MAR 07 FM USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK TO RU -EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC IM ME DI A TE 1559 IN FO RU EHGG/UN SE CU RITYCO UN CIL COL LEC TI VE IM ME DI A TE RU E HEE/ARAB LE A GUE COL LEC TI -VE IM ME DI A TE RU EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE IM ME DI A TE

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DISSEN SI TI VE E.O. 12958: DECL: 03/19/2017 Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], UNSC [UN Se cu rity Co un cil], SY [Syri -

a], LE [Le ba non] Ref: A. STA TE 34691 B. USUN 182 Clas si fied By: Am bas sa dor Ale jan dro D.

Wolff, per 1.4 (b) and (d).

1. (C) Sum mary. Du ring a bi la te ral me e ting with UN In ter na ti o nal In de pen dent In -ve sti ga tion Com mis sion (UNI I IC) Chi ef Ser ge Bram mertz on March 19, Am bas sa dorWolff said the U.S. wo uld sup port an early ex ten si on of the Com mis sion’s man da te forup to one year and ur ged Bram mertz to ma ke the ca se for an ex ten si on in his qu ar terlybri e fing to the UNSC on March 21. No ting the Co un cil might be cal led upon to act toesta blish the Le ba non Spe cial Tri bu nal gi ven the po li ti cal im pas se in Be i rut, Am bas sa -dor Wolff al so en co u ra ged Bram mertz to ma ke pro ce du ral, non-po li ti cal ar gu ments in fa -vor of cre a ting the co urt. Pre dic ting the in ve sti ga tion wo uld need to con ti nue for at le astone mo re year, Bram mertz agreed to sup port the UNI I IC ex ten si on by ar gu ing for con -ti nu ity in the in ve sti ga tion as early as pos si ble. He al so un der to ok to tell the Co un cil – inre spon se to qu e sti ons asked of him du ring con sul ta ti ons – that esta blis hing the co urt co -uld help the Com mis sion’s work and do ubts abo ut its cre a tion co uld hin der its in ve sti ga -tion. He al so said he co uld tran sfer fi les to a pro se cu tor’s of fi ce “at any ti me” and thatUNI I IC in tends to pre sent a con so li da ted list of such evi den ce in Ju ne.

2. (C) Sum mary, contd. Asked abo ut the pro gress of his in ve sti ga tion, Bram mertzas ser ted that, as his la test re port shows, UNI I IC had mo ved for ward sub stan ti ally on thepo li ti cal con text sur ro un ding Ha ri ri’s as sas si na tion and ex pres sed sur pri se that ne it her theSyrian nor Rus sian am bas sa dors had ob jec ted to tho se fin dings. If he had been asked justto pre sent the con clu si ons of his in ve sti ga tion rat her than as sem ble evi den ce to me et acer tain bur den of pro of, Bram mertz said he co uld wrap up his work in six months. Butput ting to get her a ca se that co uld suc ceed at trial wo uld re qu i re mo re ti me, as well as “in -si de in for ma tion” from wit nes ses that ha ve yet to emer ge. Bram mertz re por ted no ma jorpro blems with Syrian or third-co un try co o pe ra tion with the Com mis sion. Asked abo uthis per so nal plans, he said he must de ci de whet her to re sign his ICC po si tion in Ju ne2007, but wo uld be wil ling to stay with the UNI I IC for six mo re months if the UN co uldfind him anot her job af ter ward.

151

Pro gress of the In ve sti ga tion 3. (C) Bram mertz be gan by ex pres sing ho pe that the Se cu rity Co un cil “wo uld un -

der stand whe re his in ve sti ga tion is go ing” even if UNI I IC can not be as for thco ming as itmight li ke due to the con fi den tial na tu re of a ju di cial pro ce e ding. No ting that he re ma i -ned “very sa tis fied” with pro gress in the in ve sti ga tion, Bram mertz as ser ted that the in ve -sti ga tion had mo ved for ward sub stan ti ally in terms of the po li ti cal con text sur ro un dingHa ri ri’s as sas si na tion and ex pres sed sur pri se that ne it her the Syrian nor the Rus sian am -bas sa dors had ob jec ted to this part of the UNI I IC’s last re port. Asked how clo se the Com -mis sion is to com ple ting its work, Bram mertz said an op ti mist might con clu de UNI I ICis 80 per cent do ne be ca u se it un der stands who was thre a te ning whom and who was inchar ge in Le ba non at the ti me. But in or der to me et the evi den ti ary bur den of a co urt, theUNI I IC still ne eds so me “in si de in for ma tion” to con nect all the dots. A pes si mist, the re -fo re, might con clu de that UNI I IC is only 20 per cent do ne with its in ve sti ga tion be ca u sethe “three in si de wit nes ses” ha ve yet to emer ge. Whi le he said the in ve sti ga tion wo uldneed at le ast one mo re year to con clu de its work, Bram mertz cla ri fied that had the UNSCde ci ded not to cre a te a tri bu nal and in stead asked him to pre sent the con clu si ons of hisin ve sti ga tion rat her than to pro ve a de fen dant’s gu ilt beyond a cer tain stan dard of pro of,he co uld pre sent his con clu si ons in six months. En su ring that a ca se that go es to trial hasthe evi den ce to be suc cessful, ho we ver, ta kes lon ger.

Early Ex ten si on for UNI I IC4. (C) Am bas sa dor Wolff told Bram mertz that the U.S. wo uld sup port a re so lu tion

to be in tro du ced fol lo wing the March 21 UNSC con sul ta ti ons that wo uld ex tend UNI I -IC’s man da te for up to one year from Ju ne 15, 2007. Re cal ling that Bram mertz had wel -co med an ex ten si on of UNI I IC’s man da te in his March re port but had not spe ci fied whenit sho uld be ex ten ded, Am bas sa dor Wolff pre dic ted that se ve ral UNSC mem bers mightqu e sti on the ra ti o na le for early Co un cil ac tion (No te: The UNI I IC’s man da te ex pi res onJu ne 15, 2007. End No te.) Due to un cer ta inty over the ti me li ne for the com ple tion of theCom mis sion’s in ve sti ga tion and the esta blis hment of the tri bu nal, cer tain de le ga ti onsmight al so sug gest ex ten ding the UNI I IC’s man da te for six months in stead of one year.No ting it wo uld be mo re ef fec ti ve for Bram mertz to an swer the se qu e sti ons gi ven hisapo li ti cal po si tion, Am bas sa dor Wolff ur ged Bram mertz to ad dress the se is su es in his re -marks du ring clo sed Co un cil con sul ta ti ons on March 21.

5. (C) Whi le he dec li ned to tell the Co un cil when it sho uld ex tend UNI I IC’s man -da te on the gro unds that that is a fun da men tally po li ti cal is sue, Bram mertz un der to ok tore spond to such qu e sti ons, if asked, by no ting that it wo uld be use ful to en su re con ti nu -ity in the in ve sti ga tion as early as pos si ble. Alt ho ugh the UN had al ready wor ked out ar -ran ge ments to gi ve UNI I IC staff em ployment con tracts un til the end of 2007, Bram mertzagreed that an early ex ten si on of the man da te wo uld en co u ra ge Com mis sion staff to re -main in the ir jobs. In re spon se to qu e sti ons abo ut the du ra tion of the man da te, Bram mertzsaid he co uld not advi se the Co un cil to adopt eit her a six month or one year ex ten si on,but he co uld pre dict that the in ve sti ga tion wo uld need at le ast one mo re year to con clu deits work. Gi ven the pos si bi lity that the tri bu nal co uld be esta blis hed and be co me ope ra ti -o nal wit hin one year, he opi ned that the re so lu tion co uld sti pu la te that the pro se cu tor’s of -fi ce co uld ta ke over from the UNI I IC as ap pro pri a te if the tri bu nal be co mes ope ra ti o naldu ring UNI I IC’s man da te. 152

Pro ce du ral Ar gu ments for Tri bu nal 6. (C) Tur ning to the tri bu nal, Am bas sa dor Wolff ar gued that the best so lu tion to the

cur rent im pas se wo uld be for the Le ba ne se par li a ment to ra tify the UN-GOL agre e mentesta blis hing the co urt. But sin ce that so lu tion ap pe ars un li kely, the Co un cil wo uld pro -bably ha ve to con si der its own ro le in en su ring that the tri bu nal is esta blis hed. Re cal lingthat Bram mertz had told him in De cem ber 2006 that the Com mis sion wo uld be ne fit fromearly esta blis hment of the tri bu nal be ca u se wit nes ses wo uld be mo re li kely to co me for -ward to te stify, Am bas sa dor Wolff emp ha si zed that the best ar gu ments in fa vor of earlyesta blis hment are le gal, not po li ti cal. If Bram mertz we re to say, for exam ple, that he hadfi les to tran sfer to a pro se cu tor, that wo uld cre a te a le gal re a son for the Co un cil to act ifthe Le ba ne se fail to do so. Am bas sa dor Wolff asked Bram mertz if the UNI I IC wo uld bein a po si tion to ma ke such ar gu ments now.

7. (C) Emp ha si zing that he was now “fully awa re” of the po li ti cal si tu a tion sur ro un -ding the tri bu nal, Bram mertz agreed to ma ke se ve ral pro ce du ral ar gu ments in fa vor ofesta blis hing the co urt if asked du ring con sul ta ti ons. He men ti o ned, for exam ple, that do -ubts abo ut whet her the co urt will be cre a ted co uld da ma ge the Com mis sion’s work.Many Le ba ne se wit nes ses had of fe red the ir te sti mony to the UNI I IC on con di tion that itnot be sha red with the Le ba ne se aut ho ri ti es, but are al ready asking whet her, if no tri bu -nal is ever esta blis hed, the Com mis sion turn over its fi les to the Le ba ne se. Con ver sely,esta blis hing the tri bu nal co uld help the Com mis sion’s work by en co u ra ging mo re wit nes -ses to co me for ward – sin ce they wo uld know the ir te sti mony wo uld ac tu ally be used –and by cre a ting a wit ness pro tec tion pro gram out si de Le ba non to as su a ge po ten tial wit -nes ses, se cu rity con cerns. Bram mertz said he co uld tran sfer evi den ce “at any mo ment”to a pro se cu tor’s of fi ce, and that UNI I IC in tends in its Ju ne re port to in clu de a con so li da -ted re port of such evi den ce – se ve ral tho u sand pa ges of cri me sce ne evi den ce, in ter vi ews,a DNA da ta ba se, etc. The pro se cu tor wo uld then ha ve to de ter mi ne which evi den ce touse to pro ve cer tain char ges.

8. (C) Bram mertz al so un der to ok to ad dresss the is sue of the tran si tion from theCom mis sion to the tri bu nal. He said he had al ready ex pla i ned to the Rus si ans and ot hersthat it is not lo gi cal to in sist that the Com mis sion con clu de its in ve sti ga tion be fo re the tri -bu nal is esta blis hed, gi ven that all ot her in ter na ti o nal tri bu nals had con duc ted the ir ownin ve sti ga tory work. Alt ho ugh it ma de sen se not to esta blish the tri bu nal one year ago be -ca u se it wo uld not yet ha ve had a ca se to try, Bram mertz said that ar gu ment no lon gerheld wa ter. The Com mis sion can not pre pa re in dic tments, which only the pro se cu tor cando. Mo re o ver, the tri bu nal co uld be esta blis hed in pha ses – first a pro se cu tor wo uld ta keover the Com mis sion’s staff, then jud ges wo uld be hi red, a se at lo ca ted, etc. Sin ce it wo -uld ta ke up to ten months to ma ke the tri bu nal ope ra ti o nal on ce it is esta blis hed on pa per,Bram mertz said it was im por tant to mo ve for ward soon. He al so opi ned pri va tely that itwo uld be much mo re dif fi cult to set up the tri bu nal af ter the “tar gets” of the Com mis -sion’s in ve sti ga ti ons be co me cle ar. (No te: It was not cle ar how such tar gets wo uld be co -me known if UNI I IC will only hand over its fi les to a pro se cu tor. End No te.)

Syrian and Third-Co un try Co o pe ra tion9. (C) As de scri bed in his re port, Bram mertz said Syrian co o pe ra tion re ma i ned “ge -

ne rally sa tis fac tory,” alt ho ugh so me of the an swers gi ven by so me SARG mid-le vel wit -nes ses we re of a “va ri a ble qu a lity.” Re fer ring to the Com mis sion’s re cent vi sit to Syrian

153

Mi li tary In tel li gen ce (SMI) ar chi ves, Bram mertz said he had not ex pec ted to find any do -cu ments im pli ca ting Syrian of fi ci als in the Ha ri ri at tack, but that the vi sit had yiel ded a“gre at pic tu re of the chain of com mand.” UNI I IC had co pied se ve ral tho u sand do cu -ments it fo und in the ar chi ve. When asked, Bram mertz said the re was no need for pu blicsta te ments from the USG on Syrian co o pe ra tion, be ca u se that co uld ser ve to po li ti ci zethe co o pe ra tion UNI I IC al ready enjoys.

10. (C) Tur ning to co o pe ra tion from third co un tri es, Bram mertz ac know led ged thecon tro versy sur ro un ding the Ja nu ary 2007 Rus sian ini ti a ti ve to de mand the na mes ofnon-co o pe ra ting sta tes, and said he had ex pla i ned to the Rus sian Am bas sa dor in Be i rutat the ti me that the de mand was not hel ping the Com mis sion. He had al so as su red theRus sian Am bas sa dor that all UNSC mem bers we re co o pe ra ting fully with UNI I IC. Asfor the ten non-co o pe ra ting co un tri es, Bram mertz re por ted that he had ex pla i ned to tho -se co un tri es, am bas sa dors that he might be for ced to di sclo se the ir non-co o pe ra tion to theSYG on March 12 if the UNI I IC’s re qu ests we re not an swe red. All ca ses ha ve now beenre sol ved to the Com mis sion’s sa tis fac tion.

Bram mertz’s Per so nal Plans11. (C) Asked how long he plan ned to stay with the Com mis sion, Bram mertz said

he wo uld ha ve to de ci de whet her to re turn to his job with the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Co -urt (ICC) in Ju ne 2007. The ICC had gran ted him a six-month ex ten si on in De cem ber2006 to al low Bram mertz to over see the tran si tion from the Com mis sion to the tri bu nal,for which the UNI I IC was then trying to lay the gro und work. If he ma de that sa me re qu -est again, espe ci ally gi ven the un cer ta inty abo ut the esta blis hment of the tri bu nal, Bram -mertz said he wo uld lo se all cre di bi lity with the ICC. He did se em wil ling to re sign fromhis ICC post and ac cept a six-month ex ten si on as Com mis si o ner – he again ru led out be -co ming the tri bu nal’s pro se cu tor be ca u se that wo uld re pre sent a con flict with his cur rentjob – as long as the UN co uld find him an al ter na te po si tion on ce his term with UNI I ICex pi res. (No te: USUN le ar ned se pa ra tely that Bram mertz is in te re sted in suc ce e ding Car -la del Pon te as the ICTY pro se cu tor, but French Mis sion staff advi se that del Pon te hasre com men ded that her de puty suc ceed her. End No te.)

Wolff

XLIXRe fe ren ce id: 07BRA TI SLA VA262Su bject: Am bas sa dor Wil li am son Di scus ses Icty/r And Gu an ta na mo De ta i ne es In

Bra ti sla vaOri gin: Em bassy Bra ti sla va (Slo va kia) Ca ble ti me: Thu, 3 May 2007 13:07 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2007/05/07BRA TI SLA VA262.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO4470 RR RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU E HROV

RU EH SR DE RU EHSL #0262 1231307 ZNY CCCCC ZZH R 031307Z MAY 07 FM154

AMEM BASSY BRA TI SLA VA TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC 0899 IN FO RU -EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE RU EHBW/AMEM BASSY BEL -GRA DE 0096 RU EKJCS/SEC DEF WASHDC RU E HUB/USINT HA VA NA 0024RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC RU EHPS/USOF FI CE PRI STI NA 0063

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialTags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PTER [Ter ro rists and Ter ro rism], PHUM

[Hu man Rights], PI NR [In tel li gen ce], KAWC [A tro ci ti es and War Cri mes], LO [Slo va ki a] Ref: A. STA TE 37005 B. BRA TI SLA VA 195 Clas si fied By: Am bas sa dor Ro dolp -

he Val lee for re a sons 1.4 (b) and (d)

1. (C) Sum mary. Am bas sa dor-at-lar ge for War Cri mes Is su es Clint Wil li am son vi -si ted Bra ti sla va on April 23-24, 2007 for me e tings with MFA in ter lo cu tors to di scuss theclo se out of the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nals for Yugo sla via and Rwan da, the up co -ming elec tion of a new ICTY Pro se cu tor, and the pos si ble tran sfer of low-me di um thre -at de ta i ne es from Gu an ta na mo Bay to Euro pean co un tri es. End sum mary.

2. (U) Am bas sa dor Wil li am son met se pe ra tely with De puty Fo re ign Mi ni ster Di a -na Stro fo va and her staff; with Emil Kuc har, Di rec tor of the Hu man Rights De part ment;and with Am bas sa dor Igor Gre xa, Di rec tor Ge ne ral for Le gal and Con su lar Af fa irs, whowas ac com pa nied by Dr. Mi lan Kol lar, Di rec tor of the In ter na ti o nal Law De part ment, Pe -ter Klan duch, a spe ci a list in in ter na ti o nal cri mi nal tri bu nals, and Am bas sa dor Vla di mirLo men from the UNSC Co or di na tion Unit.

ICTY/IC TR Clo se out 3. (U) The plan ned clo se-out of the ICTY and IC TR and ways for ward on le gacy

is su es we re di scus sed in all three me e tings. All in ter lo cu tors ex pres sed in te rest in re si dualis su es re la ted to the clo sing of the tri bu nals. Sta te Sec re tary Stro fo va and the Di rec tor Ge -ne ral and staff of the In ter na ti o nal Law De part ment all pro mi sed to be gin con si de ra tionof the is su es and to work with USG co un ter parts in New York, Was hing ton and Bra ti sla -va to re ach a com mon po si tion. They li ke wi se all stres sed, ho we ver, that most im por tantwo uld be for the EU to re ach a com mon po si tion. Am bas sa dor Wil li am son, ho we ver, no -ted that, alt ho ugh the Uni ted Sta tes wo uld se ek in put bro adly, de ci si ons wo uld ul ti ma telybe ma de in the UN Se cu rity Co un cil. Klan duch in par ti cu lar se e med well in for med abo utthe le gacy and re si dual is su es in vol ved, and will be a va lu a ble in ter lo cu tor wit hin the GoS.

4. (C) Kuc har, who is le a ving his po si tion in May to be co me Slo va kia’s re pre sen ta -ti ve to the Co un cil of Euro pe, said EU le vel de ci si ons on both ICTY/IC TR clo se-out andthe elec tion of a new ICTY Pro se cu tor wo uld mo re li kely be ma de by the Euro peanCom mis sion than by the EU Pre si dency, and re com men ded that USG con cen tra te its lob-bying ef forts at that in sti tu tion. Kuc har re com men ded that Post be gin to en ga ge MPs onboth is su es and spe ci fi cally re com men ded Bo ris Za la (Smer-SD), Mi ro slav Ciz (Smer-SD), Ra fael Ra faj (SNS), Zden ka Kram plo va (LS-HzDS), Pal Csaky (SMK), and JanCar no gursky (KDH) as ap pro pri a te in ter lo cu tors.

Elec tion of a New Pro se cu tor for ICTY 5. (C) Stro fo va and Gre xa both said they un der stood our mes sa ge in sup port of

ICTY De puty Pro se cu tor Da vid Tol bert as the next ICTY Pro se cu tor but ma de no com -155

mit ment to sup port him and again emp ha si zed that this is sue will be di scus sed – and ho -pe fully agreed upon – at the EU le vel. Kuc har was par ti cu larly sharp in his cri ti cism ofcur rent ICTY Pro se cu tor Car la Del Pon te.

Tran sfer of Gu an ta na mo De ta i ne es to Euro pe6. (C) Stro fo va and her staff asked se ve ral qu e sti ons abo ut the Gu an ta na mo de ta i -

ne es the U.S. is se e king to tran sfer to Euro pean co un tri es, and ga ve in di ca ti ons that there qu est is be ing tre a ted se ri o usly by the GoS. Stro fo va said the re qu est is cur rently withthe In ter i or Mi ni stry, but that the GoS is awa re that it owes the U.S. an an swer on this is -sue and that one will be for thco ming as soon as pos si ble. (Com ment. As per ref B, postcon ti nu es to eva lu a te the chan ces of Slo va kia ac cep ting tran sfers from Gu an ta na mo Bayas po or. End com ment.)

7. (U) This ca ble has been cle a red by Am bas sa dor Clint Wil li am son’s of fi ce. Val lee

LRe fe ren ce id: 07PA RIS1882Su bject: French Vi ews On Ta king Ca re Of Bram mertz. The Icty Op tionOri gin: Em bassy Pa ris (Fran ce) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 11 May 2007 15:32 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2007/05/07PA RIS1882.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO2674 OO RU EHBC RU EHD BU RU EH DE RU EHFL RU EH KUK

RU EHKW RU E HLA RU E HROV RU EH SR DE RU EH FR #1882 1311532 ZNYCCCCC ZZH O 111532Z MAY 07 FM AMEM BASSY PA RIS TO RU EHC/SEC STA -TE WASHDC IM ME DI A TE 7099 IN FO RU E HEE/ARAB LE A GUE COL LEC TI VEIM ME DI A TE RU EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE IM ME DI A TERU EHGG/UN SE CU RITY CO UN CIL COL LEC TI VE IM ME DI A TE RU -EHLB/AMEM BASSY BE I RUT IM ME DI A TE 0505 RU EHDM/AMEM BASSY DA -MA SCUS IM ME DI A TE 0294 RU EHTC/AMEM BASSY THE HA GUE IM ME DI A -TE 2762 RUCNDT/USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK IM ME DI A TE 1228

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DISE.O. 12958: DECL: 05/11/2017 Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PHUM [Hu man Rights], UNSC [UN

Se cu rity Co un cil], SY [Syri a], LE [Le ba non], FR [Fran ce; Cor si ca] Ref: BE I RUT 645 Clas si fied By: Po li ti cal Mi ni ster Co un se lor Jo si ah B. Ro sen blatt.

Re as ons 1.4b,d

1. (C) Fran ce is bac king Ser ge Bram mertz to suc ceed Car la Del Pon te as ICTY Chi -ef Pro se cu tor from a be li ef that Bram mertz will ot her wi se re fu se to ex tend his man da te156

at the UN In ter na ti o nal In ve sti ga ti ve Com mis sion (UNI I IC), an out co me the French cha -rac te ri ze as di sa stro us. MFA UN/Mid dle East Ac tion Of fi cer Sa li na Gre net ex pla i ned toPo loff on May 10 that Bram mertz was con di ti o ning any pro lon ga tion of his UNI I IC du -ti es on a gu a ran tee – by Ju ne 15 at the la test – of a su i ta ble on ward as sig nment. Whi lethe ICTY po si tion re pre sen ted an op ti mal so lu tion for Bram mertz, Gre net did not ex clu -de ot her so lu ti ons and in vi ted USG sug ge sti ons. The over ri ding pri o rity was to iden tifya pac ka ge that wo uld ke ep Bram mertz in pla ce at the UNI I IC thro ugh De cem ber 2007.MFA Ca bi net Di rec tor Pi er re Vi mont was per so nally di rec ting the French ef fort to ac -com mo da te Bram mertz.

2. (C) Gre net sta ted that the MFA had ini ti ally ex plo red trying to cre a te a new po si -tion for Bram mertz in New York as a De puty UN Le gal Co un sel. The MFA had aban do -ned that sce na rio as im prac ti ca ble in the ne ar term sin ce ad ding a new UN po si tion wo -uld re qu i re ob ta i ning broad agre e ment wit hin the UN system. The UN mo re o ver was al -ready co ping with the bu re a uc ra tic fal lo ut of SYG Ban Ki-Moon’s en vi si o ned re form ofDPKO, which it self co uld en tail an ad di ti o nal 400 po si ti ons, she sug ge sted.

3. (C) With Del Pon te set to re ti re in Sep tem ber, cur rent De puty Pro se cu tor Tol bertwo uld ma na ge the tran si tion un til Bram mertz’s ar ri val. Gre net ac know led ged that theout co me was not po si ti ve for Tol bert, an AM CIT, whom she cal led an ex cel lent can di da -te in his own right to suc ceed Del Pon te. She vo lun te e red mo re o ver that the UK had ra -i sed do ubts abo ut whet her Bram mertz pos ses sed the right pro fi le and com pe ten ce for theICTY po si tion.

4. (C) Gre net con ce ded that Bram mertz, on le a ve as De puty Pro se cu tor of the In ter -na ti o nal Cri mi nal Co urt (ICC), sho uld tec hni cally be able to re su me his pri or fun ction;ho we ver, she cla i med that ICC Pro se cu tor Ocam po, who se per so nal re la ti on ship withBram mertz has con ti nued to de te ri o ra te, has ef fec ti vely shut the do or on that pos si bi lity.Gre net strongly re jec ted the sug ge stion that Bram mertz might be bluf fing his way to apro mo tion via ICTY.

5. (C) Se pa ra tely, in a May 11 me e ting with NEA Watcher, Ba si le Yared, the Pa ris-ba sed re pre sen ta ti ve of Saad Ha ri ri, emp ha si zed the need “to ta ke ca re of Bram mertz” sothat he do es not pre ma tu rely de part the IIC in Ju ne. Bram mertz’s de par tu re “wo uld be aca ta strop he for the in ve sti ga tion” in to Ra fik Ha ri ri’s as sas si na tion, said Yared, who ap pe -a red unin te re sted in wha te ver par ti cu lar po si tion Bram mertz might re ce i ve, so long as thein du ce ment suf fi ced to ke ep him at his pre sent fun ction at the UNI I IC. Ple a se vi sit Pa ris’Clas si fied Web si te at: http://www.sta te.sgov.gov/p/eur/pa ris/in dex.c fm

Sta ple ton

LIRe fe ren ce id: 07USUN NEWYORK429Su bject: In ter na ti o nal Tri bu nal For The For mer Yugo sla via (icty) Pro se cu tor Va -

cancyOri gin: USUN New York (Uni ted Na ti ons) Ca ble ti me: Thu, 31 May 2007 23:51 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2007/05/07USUN NEWYORK429.html

157

Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXYZ0009 PP RU EH WEB DE RUCNDT #0429 1512351 ZNY CCCCC

ZZH P 312351Z MAY 07 FM USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK TO RU EHC/SEC -STA TE WASHDC PRI O RITY 1991 IN FO RU EHTC/AMEM BASSY THE HA GUEPRI O RITY 8884

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DIS E.O. 12958: DECL: 05/31/2017 Tags: KAWC [A tro ci ti es and War Cri mes], KJUS [Ad mi ni stra tion of Ju sti ce], UN

[U ni ted Na ti ons], XT [We stern Euro pe], ZL [Bal kan Sta tes], XF [Mid dle East] Ref: SEC STA TE 70877 Clas si fied By: Amb. Wolff for re a sons 4 (b) and (d)

1. (C) Sum mary: In a con ver sa tion with the UN Le gal Co un sel, Amb Wolff againur ged that the Sec re tary Ge ne ral de lay fil ling the soon to be va cant ICTY Pro se cu tor’sjob in or der to al low ti me to iden tify anot her su i ta ble UN po si tion for the UN In ter na ti o -nal In de pen dent In ve sti ga tion Com mis sion (UNI I IC) Chi ef Ser ge Bram mertz. Bram -mertz is pres sing the UN to ma ke the ap po int ment now, ef fec ti ve at a la ter da te when hehas com ple ted his cur rent as sig nment. Bram mertz sub se qu ently cal led Wolff to re i te ra tehis con cern, ex pres sed in an ear li er con ver sa tion, that he ha ve cla rity be fo re Ju ne 15,when he wo uld ot her wi se re turn to his po si tion at the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Co urt (ICC).Bram mertz in si sted on a writ ten UN em ployment com mit ment but agreed to re main fle -xi ble as to the na tu re of his fu tu re UN ap po int ment. End Sum mary.

2.(C) Amb Wolff, May 25, con tac ted UN Le gal Co un sel Ni co las Mic hel for a re -spon se to his ear li er de mar che to Mic hel and the Sec re tary Ge ne ral’s De puty Chi ef ofStaff Woo-Soo Kim con cer ning the ICTY Pro se cu tor va cancy (ref tel). Mic hel said thathe had been awa i ting the re turn of the Sec re tary Ge ne ral be fo re re spon ding and will con -sult with the SYG’s staff when they re turn to day. Mic hel in di ca ted that the UN had agreedto gi ve Bram mertz a writ ten com mit ment con cer ning his fu tu re em ployment by Ju ne 1.

3.(C) Sub se qu ently, Ser ge Bram mertz, Com mis si o ner of the UNI IC cal led Wolfffrom Be i rut to ex pla in that ti me is run ning out and he must let the ICC know whet her hewill be re su ming his du ti es the re as De puty Pro se cu tor, be fo re his Ju ne 15 con tract ex pi -res. Re pe a ting the po si tion he ex pres sed when he and Wolff met on May 16, Bram mertzsaid that he ne eds cla rity abo ut his fu tu re with the UN be fo re re lin qu is hing his po si tionat the ICC. Bram mertz had di scus sed the ICTY Pro se cu tor va cancy with the UN and so -ught to re ce i ve a com mit ment in wri ting by Ju ne 1 to be no mi na ted for the ICTY job. Heagreed to re main fle xi ble con cer ning the ti ming of the ap po int ment, pro vi ded the com -mit ment to ap po int him “so me ti me la ter this year” was tran smit ted in the Ju ne 1 let ter.He al so ac know led ged that he re ma i ned wil ling to con si der a job as a se ni or UN in spec -tor ge ne ral but no ted that such a po si tion has not been esta blis hed and was un li kely to befor the fo re se e a ble fu tu re.

Kha lil zad158

LIIRe fe ren ce id: 07SA RA JE VO1212Su bject: Bo snia: Good News And Bad News On War Cri mi nalsOri gin: Em bassy Sa ra je vo (Bo snia and Her ze go vi na) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 1 Jun 2007 17:06 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec ret//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2007/06/07SA RA JE VO1212.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO3037 OO RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU E HROV

DE RU EHVJ #1212/01 1521706 ZNY SSSSS ZZH O 011706Z JUN 07 FM AMEM -BASSY SA RA JE VO TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC IM ME DI A TE 6358 IN FORU EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE RU EKJCS/JCS WAS HING -TON DC RU FO A OA/USNIC SA RA JE VO RU E A I IA/CIA WAS HING TON DC RU -EKJCS/SEC DEF WASHDC RHEF DIA/DIA WAS HING TON DC RHEHNSC/NSCWASHDC

Hi de he a der

Sec retSIP DIS NO FORN DE PART MENT FOR EUR(DI CAR LO), EUR/SCE(STINCH-

COMB/HOH), S/WCI(WIL LI AM SON/LA VI NE); NSC FOR BRAUN E.O. 12958:DECL: 06/01/2017

Tags: PHUM [Hu man Rights], KCRM [Cri mi nal Ac ti vity], KJUS [Ad mi ni stra tionof Ju sti ce], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PI NR [In tel li gen ce], PREL [Ex ter -nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi -a], BK [Bo snia and Her ze go vi na]

Clas si fied By: Po li ti cal Co un se lor Mic hael J. Murphy for re a sons 1.4 (b ), (d)

1. (S/NF) Sum mary: In the past se ven days two dis tinct but sig ni fi cant events con -nec ted to brin ging war cri mi nals to ju sti ce oc cur red in the Re pu bli ka Srp ska (RS). Thefirst, a ma jor suc cess, hap pe ned on May 31, when po li ce from the Re pu bli ka Srp ska (RS)ap pre hen ded ICTY-in dic ted Zdrav ko To li mir. He was tran sfer red in to ICTY cu stody atThe Ha gue to day (Ju ne 1). The se cond, a ma jor set back, oc cur red on May 25 when con -vic ted war cri mi nal Ra do van Stan ko vic esca ped from cu stody en ro u te from Fo ca Pri sonto a lo cal ho spi tal. Stan ko vic’s esca pe is a se ri o us blow to the cre di bi lity of do me stic lawen for ce ment and ju di cial in sti tu ti ons and to the re con ci li a tion pro cess in Bo snia. Stan ko -vic’s esca pe hig hlights the need for a ma xi mum se cu rity sta te pri son. To li mir’s ar rest byRS aut ho ri ti es and the Stan ko vic esca pe pa int a mi xed pic tu re of RS han dling of war cri -mes is su es. End Sum mary.

Zdrav ko To li mir Ar re sted 2. (S/NF) Shortly af ter 4pm on May 31, Re pu bli ka Srp ska (RS) Pri me Mi ni ster Mi -

lo rad Do dik cal led Am bas sa dor to in form him that RS po li ce had de ta i ned ICTY-in dic -ted war cri mi nal Zdrav ko To li mir. Ac cor ding to Do dik, To li mir was ar re sted at an il le gal

159

bor der cros sing ne ar Bra tu nac and the RS po li ce in ten ded to tran sfer him to The Ha gue.(No te: In 1995 To li mir was As si stant Com man der for In tel li gen ce and Se cu rity of theMain Staff of the Arm of Re pu bli ka Srp ska with the rank of ge ne ral. A clo se as so ci a te ofRa do van Ka rad zic and Rat ko Mla dic, Zdrav ko To li mir was in dic ted in the ICTY for ge -no ci de, con spi racy to com mit ge no ci de, ex ter mi na ti on, mur der, per se cu ti ons on po li ti cal,ra cial or re li gi o us gro unds, and for ci ble tran sfers and de por ta ti ons. Many of the se char -ges re la te to his ro le in events aro und Sre bre ni ca on/abo ut July 11, 1995, and the ex ten -ded 44-month si e ge of Sa ra je vo. End No te)

Ar rest De ta ils Sketchy3. (S/NF) We ha ve re ce i ved con flic ting in for ma tion abo ut the de ta ils of the ar rest.

Press re ports sug gest the RS po li ce co o pe ra ted with the Ser bian po li ce in de ta i ning To li -mir. Dra gi Mi lo se vic, head of the RS Po li ce War Cri mes Unit, in di ca ted that To li mir wasar re sted alo ne and on fo ot ne ar the Ser bian bor der with lit tle mo ney and wit ho ut any pas -sport or ot her do cu men ta tion. It is un cle ar at this ti me if To li mir was bro ught to the Ser -bian bor der aga inst his will, or whet her as so me ha ve cla i med, he was ca ught at temp tingto se cu re me di cal as si stan ce. To li mir was held in Ba nja Lu ka over night and then tran sfer -red to Sa ra je vo Camp But mir. Early this af ter noon (Ju ne 1) To li mir was tran sfer red by aEUCOM air craft to the Net her lands. At 15:55 lo cal ti me to day, we re ce i ved con fir ma tionfrom Ge ne ral Wight man’s Of fi ce that To li mir ar ri ved at The Ha gue.

Stan ko vic esca pes from Fo ca Pri son 4. (C) Early af ter noon on May 25 du ring tran sport from Fo ca pri son to a ho spi tal for

un spe ci fied me di cal tre at ment, Ra do van Stan ko vic al le gedly over po we red ni ne gu ardsand esca ped in a wa i ting ge ta way ve hic le. Stan ko vic, the first 11bis ca se tran sfer red fromICTY to the BiH Sta te Co urt, had been con vic ted of cri mes aga inst hu ma nity for mul ti -ple acts of en sla ve ment, ra pe, tor tu re and mur der in Fo ca and had been sen ten ced to 20years in car ce ra tion. The esca pe ve hic le was fo und la ter that eve ning not far from theMon te ne grin bor der. Ac cor ding to the RS Po li ce, Stan ko vic te lep ho ned so me o ne in theFo ca Pri son la ter that sa me night. They cla im the call was tra ced to a lo ca tion in Ser bia.Be ca u se Stan ko vic is from Fo ca, the re was im me di a te spe cu la tion that the esca pe was anin si de job. Fo ca Pri son Di rec tor Alek san dar Cic mil de nied al le ga ti ons that so me of thepri son gu ards we re Stan ko vic’s re la ti ves, but he did not ex clu de the pos si bi lity that Stan -ko vic had smug gled a mo bi le pho ne in to pri son and used it to ar ran ge the esca pe.

5. (C) The Stan ko vic esca pe promp ted nu me ro us ac cu sa ti ons abo ut who was at fa -ult. BiH Sta te Co urt Pre si dent Med dzi da Kre so laid the bla me on the Fo ca Pri son Ad mi -ni stra tion, which falls un der the ju ris dic tion of the RS Mi ni stry of Ju sti ce (MoJ). Ot hers,par ti cu larly Bo sni ak po li ti cal le a ders, bla med the RS po li ce. (No te: RS po li ce we re notin vol ved in Stan ko vic’s tran sfer from the pri son to the ho spi tal. The pri son gu ards in vol -ved work for the RS MoJ, not the RS Mi ni stry of In ter i or. End No te.) RS Pri me Mi ni sterDo dik at tac ked the Sta te Co urt for ha ving sent Stan ko vic to a pri son in his ho me town inthe first pla ce. Kre so ex pla i ned that Stan ko vic was sent to Fo ca pri son ba sed on the 2005Ju sti ce Mi ni stry Bo ok of Ru les gu i de li nes, un der which pri so ners are as sig ned to ja ils onthe ba sis of the ir pla ce of ori gin. (No te: We are told that in light of the Stan ko vic esca pethe Co un cil of Mi ni sters at its next ses sion will di scuss amend ments to the law on im ple -men ta tion of cri mi nal san cti ons and im pri son ment. End No te) 160

RS Ac ti ons to Cap tu re Stan ko vic 6. (C) Do dik cla ims the RS po li ce are do ing all they can to track down Stan ko vic. Pri -

va tely, RS Mi ni ster of In ter i or Sta ni slav Ca djo told us that the RS Mi ni stry of Ju sti ce, inchar ge of the en tity pri son system, had ma de mi sta kes, but that the RS po li ce qu ickly re -spon ded on ce they we re no ti fied of Stan ko vic’s esca pe. Ac cor ding to Ca djo, the RS po li -ce qu ickly no ti fied ot her po li ce agen ci es of the event, se a led off tran sport ro u tes, and so -ught co o pe ra tion from Ser bian and Mon te ne grin aut ho ri ti es. Alt ho ugh press re ports bla -me a fi ve day de lay in is su ing an in ter na ti o nal ar rest war rant on the RS po li ce’s fa i lu re tore qu est one, re spon si bi lity for is su ing such a war rant falls to the sta te. Ac cor ding to OHR,the 5-day de lay was the re sult of a bu re a uc ra tic dis pu te bet we en the sta te-le vel Mi ni stry ofJu sti ce and Mi ni stry of Se cu rity over which Mi ni stry was sup po sed to is sue the war rant.

SI PA Ac ti ons7. (C) The Sta te In ve sti ga ti ve and Pro tec tion Agency (SI PA) has cre a ted a task for -

ce he a ded by Cri mi nal In ve sti ga tion Di vi sion Di rec tor Dra gan Lu kac and su per vi sed byBiH Chi ef Pro se cu tor Ma rin ko Jur ce vic to co or di na te the hunt for Stan ko vic. The SI PATask For ce has asked EUFOR and Bo snia’s In tel li gen ce Se cu rity Agency to pro vi dethem with any ava i la ble in tel li gen ce. Ac cor ding to one so ur ce, SI PA is ex clu ding RS po -li ce from its in ve sti ga tion. SI PA has con tac ted Ser bian po li ce and a de le ga tion is sche du -led to go to Bel gra de to di scuss the is sue. Ho we ver, as of to day SI PA has no con fir ma -tion of Stan ko vic’s cur rent whe re a bo uts.

Im me di a te Fal lo ut 8. (C) Ac cor ding to RS so ur ces, Head of Fo ca Pri son Alek san dar Cic mil has been

fi red and the ni ne gu ards on duty when Stan ko vic esca ped are on su spen sion, pen ding in -ve sti ga tion. OHR has asked EUPM to pro vi de in ve sti ga tors that will exa mi ne how thiseven co uld ha ve hap pe ned and to mo ni tor any sub se qu ent di sci pli nary and cri mi nal pro -ce e dings. OHR will al so exa mi ne the MoJ Bo ok of Ru les re la ting to the exe cu ti on of cri -mi nal san cti ons. Due to the thre at Stan ko vic po ses to tho se in vol ved in his ca se, the Sta -te Co urt an no un ced that the Pre si ding Jud ge in his ca se, Da vo rin Ju kic, and Lead Pro se -cu tor Va so Ma rin ko vic wo uld be pla ced un der pro tec ti ve cu stody.

Com ment 9. (C) Zdrav ko To li mir’s ar rest and Ra do van Stan ko vic’s esca pe pre sent a mi xed

pic tu re in terms of the RS per for man ce in han dling war cri mi nals. The To li mir ar rest issig ni fi cant not only be ca u se he was one of six ICTY in dic te es who un til yester day re ma -i ned at li berty, but al so be ca u se To li mir was the first ma jor war-cri mes su spect ever ar re -sted by the RS po li ce. In the past, RS aut ho ri ti es had ar ran ged for war cri mes su spects toturn them sel ves in. Stan ko vic’s esca pe hig hlights syste mic we ak nes ses in the RS’s pri sonsystem. If it was an in si de job, the esca pe sug gests sympat hi zers with war cri mi nals re -main em ployed wit hin the RS bu re a uc racy. Just as di scon cer tingly, Stan ko vic’s esca pe isli kely to ha ve a chil ling ef fect on wit nes ses in war cri mes ca ses, who may now won derwhet her so me o ne they te stify aga inst will ac tu ally re main be hind bars af ter a con vic tion.Fi nally ,the esca pe hig hlights the need for the con struc tion of a ma xi mum se cu rity Sta tePri son to ho u se con vic ted war cri mi nals and ot her high pro fi le con victs. End Com ment.

McEl ha ney161

LIIIRe fe ren ce id: 06/07USNA TO357Su bject: North Atlan tic Co un cil Re a do ut Ju ne 6 2007Ori gin: Mis sion USNA TO (North Atlan tic Tre aty Or ga ni za tion) Ca ble ti me: Thu, 7 Jun 2007 12:35 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec ret//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2007/06/07USNA TO357.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO8458 OO RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU E HLA RU E HMRE RU E -

HROV DE RU EH NO #0357/01 1581235 ZNY SSSSS ZZH O 071235Z JUN 07 FMUSMIS SION USNA TO TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC IM ME DI A TE 0939 RU -EKJCS/SEC DEF WAS HING TON DC IM ME DI A TE IN FO RU EHZG/NA TO EUCOL LEC TI VE PRI O RITY RUC NOSC/ORG FOR SE CU RITY CO OP IN EURCOL LEC TI VE PRI O RITY RU EHDS/AMEM BASSY AD DIS ABA BA PRI O RITY0141 RU EHTH/AMEM BASSY AT HENS PRI O RITY 0129 RU EHGB/AMEM -BASSY BAG HDAD PRI O RITY 0288 RU EHBW/AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE PRI -O RITY 1364 RU E HRL/AMEM BASSY BER LIN PRI O RITY 0566 RU E -HUP/AMEM BASSY BU DA PEST PRI O RITY 0105 RU EHCP/AMEM BASSY CO -PEN HA GEN PRI O RITY 0481 RU E HIL/AMEM BASSY ISLA MA BAD PRI O RITY0330 RU EH BUL/AMEM BASSY KA BUL PRI O RITY 0605 RU EHKH/AMEM -BASSY KHAR TO UM PRI O RITY 0168 RU EHLJ/AMEM BASSY LJU BLJA NAPRI O RITY 1097 RU E HLO/AMEM BASSY LON DON PRI O RITY 0203 RU -EHMD/AMEM BASSY MA DRID PRI O RITY 0626 RU EHNY/AMEM BASSYOSLO PRI O RITY 0545 RU EH FR/AMEM BASSY PA RIS PRI O RITY 0301 RU -EHPG/AMEM BASSY PRA GUE PRI O RITY 3951 RU E HRA/AMEM BASSY RI GAPRI O RITY 7093 RU E HRO/AMEM BASSY RO ME PRI O RITY 0538 RU -EHSF/AMEM BASSY SO FIA PRI O RITY 2344 RU EHTC/AMEM BASSY THE HA -GUE PRI O RITY 0901 RUCNDT/USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK PRI O RITY 0412

Hi de he a der

Sec ret SIP DIS NO FORN E.O. 12958: DECL: 06/06/2017 Tags: NA TO [North Atlan tic Tre aty Or ga ni za ti on], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti -

ons], AF [Afg ha ni stan] Clas si fied By: DCM Ric hard G. Ol son for re a sons 1.4 (b) and (d)

1. (S) Sum mary: – Afg ha ni stan: SYG sta ted that for ce ge ne ra tion is a top pri o rityfor the Al li an ce in the run-up to the De fen se Mi ni ste rial. Cha ir man of the Mi li tary Com -mit tee (CMC) bri e fed on: next steps in long-term Afg han Na ti o nal Army (ANA) tra i ning;sup port to ESDP po li ce mis sion in Afg ha ni stan and fi el ding Ope ra ti o nal Men to ring andLi a i son Te ams, (OMLTs); co un ter-IED short falls at ISAF HQ; Ope ra tion Ada lat; Da nishtro op in cre a se; and ad di ti o nal Bul ga rian for ces de ploying to Kan da har. – Bal kans: SYGno ted that Ko so vo in de pen den ce wo uld be a key to pic at the De fen se Mi ni ste rial. Nor -162

way, sup por ted by se ve ral de le ga ti ons, pro po sed in vi ting the new Ser bian go vern ment tome et with the NAC re gar ding PfP. SYG re por ted that he will me et Ser bian De fen se andFo re ign Mi ni sters in Ju ne, and sha red that Serbs ha ve al ready pro po sed a NAC plus oneme e ting for Sep tem ber. – So ma lia: SYG outli ned Mi li tary Com mit tee advi ce on NA TOair lift sup port for the Afri can Union (AU) mis sion in So ma lia. SYG agreed to is sue anSG un der a short si len ce for NAC ap pro val. – Iraq: SYG de ta i led the re com men da tionof the Se ni or Re so ur ce Bo ard on NTM-I; SG for NAC ap pro val ex pec ted soon. – NA -TO Spe cial Com mit tee: Cha ir man of the NA TO Spe cial Com mit tee pre sen ted a bri e fingon &De ve lop ments in Iraq Af fec ting NA TO and Its Mem ber Sta tes, Se cu rity.8 – EnergySe cu rity: SYG pre sen ted draft lan gu a ge on a mo di fied ta sking to be put un der si len ce un -til Ju ne 8. No te: The Ju ne 6 NAC in clu ded an ex chan ge of vi ews with Cro a tia’s Pri meMi ni ster Sa na der, De fen se Mi ni ster Ron ce vic, and Sta te Sec re tary Bi sce vic on Cro a tia’spro gress in the con text of the Mem ber ship Ac tion Plan (MAP). Re por ting on this ses sionwill be by sep tel. End No te. End Sum mary.

Afg ha ni stan 2. (C) Lo o king ahead to the Ju ne 12-13 for ce ge ne ra tion con fe ren ce at SHA PE, and

the me e ting of NA TO De fen se Mi ni sters in Brus sels Ju ne 14-15, Sec re tary Ge ne ral deHo op Schef fer sta ted that ISAF for ce ge ne ra tion re ma i ned a top pri o rity, and that he ex -pec ted con cre te re sults over the co ming we ek. He sta ted his ex pec ta ti on that Mi ni sterswill di scuss the need for gre a ter co or di na tion bet we en ISAF and OEF, as well as ci vi lianca su al ti es.

3. (C) The CMC, Ge ne ral He na ult, bri e fed that the Mi li tary Com mit tee (MC) hadpro vi si o nally agreed advi ce on po ten tial NA TO long-term tra i ning ini ti a ti ves for theANA, and non-NA TO tro op con tri bu tors we re in the pro cess of as so ci a ting them sel veswith the advi ce, af ter which it wo uld be pas sed to Co un cil. The MC is cur rently de li be -ra ting on draft advi ce con cer ning pos si ble NA TO sup port to the plan ned EU po li ce mis -sion in Afg ha ni stan. CMC al so sta ted that he had di stri bu ted to the MC a pro po sal byD/SA CE UR to stre a mli ne re qu i re ments for fi el ding NA TO em bed ded tra i ners, OMLTs,with the ANA, by esta blis hing a &lead na tion8 system whe reby ISAF Re gi o nal Com -mands wo uld help co or di na te lo gi stics and pro vi de ot her ser vi ces to help smal ler na ti onsesta blish mul ti na ti o nal OMLTs.

4. (C) IMS AD for Ope ra ti ons Maj Gen Fen ton pro vi ded the ope ra ti o nal bri ef, andat tri bu ted a re cent spi ke in &tro ops in con tact8 in ci dents to ag gres si ve ISAF ope ra ti ons,rat her than any or ga ni zed Ta li ban of fen si ve. He hig hlig hted the con ti nu ing short falls inco un ter-IED ca pa bi li ti es in ISAF HQ, stres sing the im pe ra ti ve to fill the se slots as thenum ber of IED in ci dents and the ir let ha lity con ti nue to ri se. In RC-So uth, he no ted thatOpe ra tion Ada lat, aimed at hel ping to esta blish the Afg han De ve lop ment Zo ne in nort -hern Kan da har, will re pla ce Ope ra tion Ac hil les (in the San gin area of RC-S) as ISAF’smain ope ra ti o nal ef fort; ti ming for the tran si tion will be con di ti ons-ba sed, at CO MI SAF’sdi scre tion.

5. (C) The Da nish Perm Rep in for med the NAC of the Da nish Par li a ment’s re centde ci sion to be ef up the Da nish pre sen ce in Afg ha ni stan by 200 (to a to tal of 640), whichwill de ploy in the fo urth qu ar ter of 2007 with the UK’s Task For ce Hel mand. The Bul -ga rian Perm Rep sta ted that the Bul ga rian mec ha ni zed in fan try com pany had ar ri ved inKa bul, along with 5 ad di ti o nal staff of fi cers for ISAF HQ. The 200-sol di er Bul ga rian for -

163

ce pro tec tion unit for Kan da har air fi eld is set to de ploy in the co ming we ek, per the ava -i la bi lity of stra te gic air lift. Nor way no ted its De fen se Mi ni ster was in Afg ha ni stan, andwo uld com me mo ra te the ope ning of a 10-mil lion Euro Nor we gi an-bu ilt camp for anANA Kan dak in Meyma na.

Bal kans 6. (C) The SYG no ted that this wo uld be an im por tant to pic at next we ek’s De fen -

se Mi ni ste rial. He wel co med the May 31 ta bling of a new UN SCR draft that ex pres sessup port for the pro vi si ons in Spe cial En voy Ah ti sa a ri’s pro po sal. He sta ted that the cur -rent text me ets NA TO’s fu tu re re qu i re ments for a post-sta tus pre sen ce. The SYG al so no -ted this is sue will be di scus sed at the G-8 me e ting in He i li gen damm, Ger many, and ca u -ti o ned that the lon ger it ta kes to find an agre e ment on this, the hig her the risks ) a qu ickset tle ment was in everyone’s in te rest.

7. (C) CMC re por ted that the se cu rity si tu a tion is re la ti vely calm, but the po ten tialfor vi o len ce con ti nu es. Vi o len ce cur rently is li mi ted to cri mi nal and in ter-et hnic dis pu tes.CMC al so no ted that the ope ra ti o nal re ser ve for ce from Italy is sche du led to re ach fullope ra ti o nal ca pa bi lity on Ju ne 9 and will be in Ko so vo un til month’s end, pri ma rily insup port of the task for ce in the north.

8. (C) The Nor we gi an Perm Rep (sup por ted by IT, GR, HU, SI, SP, NL, RO andBU) ar gued that we sho uld ex pect pro gress on PfP ini ti a ti ves from the new go vern mentand that the NAC sho uld con si der in vi ting a high ran king de le ga tion from Ser bia. Thepur po se of such a me e ting wo uld be to pre sent Ser bia’s plans re gar ding PfP and to re -mind the Serbs of the ir ICTY obli ga ti ons. He ad di ti o nally no ted the po si ti ve news ofthe ar rest of Ge ne ral To li mir. The Ita lian Perm Rep said that Italy, as the Con tact Po intEm bassy in Bel gra de, had ob ser ved much in te rest from Bel gra de in PfP and that theti ming wo uld be right to send a sig nal by ex ten ding such an in vi ta tion. The SYG re -por ted that he will me et with the Ser bian De fen se Mi ni ster next we ek on the mar ginsof the EAPC me e ting, that the Ser bian Fo re ign Mi ni ster has re qu e sted a me e ting on Ju -ne 27, and that the Serbs ha ve pro po sed a NAC plus one me e ting for Sep tem ber. TheSYG al so no ted that he might tra vel to Bel gra de af ter the De fen se Mi ni ste rial to con -ti nue this po si ti ve mo men tum.

So ma lia 9. (C) The SYG outli ned the qu ickly de li ve red mi li tary advi ce sta ting that NA TO

can sup port the AU’s re qu est for air lift for the AU mis sion in So ma lia using pro ce du -res esta blis hed in Dar fur. The only ad di ti o nal pi e ce will be to esta blish a tem po rary li -a i son cell in Ad dis Aba ba for the AU. He no ted that it will de pend on na ti ons to pro vi -de this air lift and sug ge sted that the NAC ap pro ve air lift sup port for an ini tial pe riod ofsix months. The Ger man Perm Rep said that whi le they can agree to this in prin ci ple,they can not agree to it wit ho ut a writ ten SG for the ir go vern ment’s ap pro val. He al sosta ted that Ger many wo uld not be in a po si tion to con tri bu te air lift for this mis sion.Am bas sa dor Nu land com men ded the MC’s qu ick work and no ted this al lows na ti onsto con tri bu te to AMI SOM un der a NA TO um brel la, gi ving NA TO cre dit for wor kingwith the AU. She ur ged the SYG to is sue a qu ick SG un der a short si len ce pro ce du re;he agreed to do so. 164

Iraq10. (SBU) The SYG said that the Se ni or Re so ur ce Bo ard (SRB) was wor king on a

re com men da tion re gar ding NTM-I eli gi bi lity for com mon fun ding, which sho uld be for -war ded shortly for NAC ap pro val. (No te: The SRB ac tu ally is sued this re com men da tionon Ju ne 1; the In ter na ti o nal Staff is wor king to rec tify this and we ex pect to see an SG is -sued soon. End no te.) CMC said that the autumn 2007 PMR wo uld in clu de mo re de ta ilson the con tent of the gen dar me rie tra i ning and that a start da te of Sep tem ber is plan ned,pen ding mis sion ap pro val.

Re port on the Ac ti vi ti es of the NA TO Spe cial Com mit tee 11. (S) Am bas sa dor Ioan nis Co ran tis, Di rec tor-Ge ne ral of the Gre ek Na ti o nal In tel -

li gen ce Ser vi ce and Cha ir man of the NA TO Spe cial Com mit tee and Frank Jen sen, Da -nish Se cu rity In tel li gen ce Ser vi ce pre sen ted a bri e fing on De ve lop ments in Iraq Af fec -ting NA TO and Its Mem ber Sta tes, Se cu rity. The re port po si ted that NA TO it self is not aspe ci fic tar get for ter ro rists ope ra ting from Iraq. Ho we ver, NA TO mem ber sta tes in vol -ved in Co a li tion ope ra ti ons are at in cre a sed risk be ca u se ter ro rists use Iraq as a pre text forat tacks. If na ti ons in vol ved in Iraq wit hdraw, the long term ter ro rist thre at will di mi nish,but not di sap pe ar. Gre ce, Tur key, Ger many, Slo va kia, The Net her lands ad Po land allcom men ted on aspects of the re port,put ting emp ha sis on the com plex na tu re of ra di ca i -za tion and ob ser ving that ter ro rist are using ot her pre texts than just Iraq are used to “le -gi ti mi ze the ir ac ti ons. Am bas sa dor Nu land re gi ste red di a gre e ment with the analysis thatthe wit hdra wal f mem ber sta tes from Iraq wo uld ma ke NA TO mem ber sta tes sa fer. Infact, if wit hdra wal oc curs wit ho ut le a ving pe a ce and sta bi lity, she said, then tr ro rism fromIraq will be co me an even gre a ter the at. Energy

Se cu rity 12. (C The SYG pre sen ted draft lan gu a ge for a ta sking to NMAs on energy se cu rity

sta ting he was awa re of dif fe ren ces in opi ni ons among de le ga ti ons on the su bject, butho ped that the new lan gu a ge wo uld be eno ugh to brid ge gaps. Am bas sa dor Nu land com -men ded the text, but no ted di sap po int ment at its la te ness; she sug ge sted edi to rial fi xes,which the SYG and Al li es to ok on bo ard. The Net her lands fo res ha do wed dif fi cul ti es withthe text if, as cur rently draf ted, the ta sking asked NMAs to lo ok at only mi li tary risks tocri ti cal in fra struc tu re, yet ig no red ot her, li kely mo re per ti nent risks, such as ter ro rism.Fran ce ob jec ted to any lan gu a ge in the ta sking which po ten ti ally pre jud ged the Al li an ce’sre spon se to even tual mi li tary advi ce, such as as sig ning a lead com mit tee to ca rry workfurt her, or asking NMAs to iden tify pos si ble ave nu es for ad dres sing thre ats. Rat her, theFrench Perm Rep sta ted a de si re to wa it for advi ce on po ten tial risks to be pro du ced, andpro ceed in a step-by-step man ner af ter the NAC eva lu a ted that advi ce. GM sup por ted theFrench ob jec ti ons on new over sight in struc ti ons. The SYG ex pres sed &ut ter di sap po int -ment8 at the NAC’s ina bi lity to agree a ta sking sin ce the Ri ga ta sking in No vem ber 2006.He in tends to cir cu la te a new draft (which will re flect the U.S. edi to rial amend ments) un -der a si len ce pe riod that wo uld end Ju ne 8. The SYG no ted the NAC was clo se to put -ting him a po si tion whe re he wo uld ha ve to tell Mi ni sters that He ads of Sta te and Go -vern ment &got it wrong8 at Ri ga.

Nu land165

LIVRe fe ren ce id: 07BEL GRA DE814Su bject: Del Pon te Overly Bul lish On Ser bia’s Icty Co o pe ra tionOri gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 8 Jun 2007 15:17 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2007/06/07BEL GRA DE814.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO9973 PP RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU E HROV

RU EH SR DE RU EHBW #0814 1591517 ZNY CCCCC ZZH P 081517Z JUN 07 ZDKFM AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC PRI O RITY0984 IN FO RU EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DIS DEPT FOR EUR/SCE AND S/WCI E.O. 12958: DECL: CLO SU RE OF ICTY Tags: ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a], PGOV [In -

ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], SR [Ser bi a] Ref: BEL GRA DE 797 Clas si fied By: Am bas sa dor Mic hael Polt, re a sons 1.4 (b,d)

1. (c) Car la del Pon te’s de ci dedly up be at bri e fing to Bel gra de’s di plo ma tic corps Ju -ne 6 hig hlig hted the re cent ar rest of Zdrav ko To li mir as evi den ce that Ser bia is co o pe ra -ting with the ICTY. Del Pon te told the gro up her Ju ne 18 re port to the Se cu rity Co un cilwo uld “most li kely” be po si ti ve, and said she had asked Ser bian Pre si dent Ta dic to ma -ke su re Ra de Bu la to vic stayed in his po si tion as Ser bia’s in tel li gen ce chi ef un til Mla dic’scap tu re was se cu red. She said To li mir’s ar rest had sig na led that the re ma i ning fu gi ti vesare in Ser bia, and said she now be li e ved Bel gra de had the po li ti cal will and the ca pa cityto bring them in. She con fir med that To li mir was ap pre hen ded in Ser bia, but that the ar -rest had not been for mally pro ces sed un til he cros sed the bor der in to Re pu bli ka Srp ska.

2. (c) Mo re tro u blingly, del Pon te used the bri e fing to plead with the as sem bled Am -bas sa dors not to ma ke any de ci si ons re gar ding Ko so vo sta tus un til Mla dic had been han -ded over– so met hing she said she was con fi dent co uld be do ne by Sep tem ber (co in ci den -tally al so when she plans to step down as ICTY chi ef pro se cu tor). When asked to cla rifyla ter in the bri e fing whet her that re qu est was from her or a re-tran smit tal of a re qu est fromthe GoS, she con ce ded that both Ta dic and Ko stu ni ca had asked her to ma ke the ca se tostall the Ko so vo sta tus pro cess un til ICTY co o pe ra tion co uld be com ple ted.

3. (c) Com ment: It wo uld be a se ri o us mi sta ke to use pro mi sed ICTY co o pe ra tionas the crutch on which to sup port a drag ging out of the sta tus pro cess. This go vern menthas pro ven se ve ral ti mes over the past three years, and most re cently by rol ling up To li -mir, that it has the in flu en ce and ca pa city ne e ded to bring in even se ni or PIFWCs, andcon si stently do es so when it is seen as be ing in the in te rests of Ser bia or por ti ons of its ru -ling eli te. In vo king Ko so vo is simply anot her at tempt by the go vern ment to stall the sta -166

tus pro cess – whe re the re is a po li ti cal will to find and hand over PIFWCs, the re is a way.Any pro mi se to put sta tus on hold whi le ICTY co o pe ra tion is com ple ted wo uld ha ve theop po si te ef fect, gi ving the GoS an in cen ti ve to drag out the “se arch” for Mla dic as longas pos si ble. Simply put, we be li e ve the go vern ment can de li ver on the re ma i ningPIFWCs. And if it can’t, it will not be be ca u se Ko so vo re tards the ir ca pa bi li ti es.

4. (c) Vi sit ad den da: Del Pon te al so an no un ced that du ring this vi sit, the GoS hadhan ded over a co pi o us vo lu me of re qu e sted do cu ments – so much so that ICTY had tose cu re a truck to tran sport them all to The Ha gue. She said a few key do cu ments re ma i -ned mis sing, no tably Mla dic’s per for man ce re vi ews for the pe riod co ve ring the Bo sniacon flict.

Polt

LVRe fe ren ce id: 07USUN NEWYORK499Su bject: (icty) Yugo slav War Cri mes Tri bu nal Pro se cu tor Re vi ews Car la’s ListOri gin: USUN New York (Uni ted Na ti ons) Ca ble ti me: Wed, 20 Jun 2007 15:16 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2007/06/07USUN NEWYORK499.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXYZ0018 PP RU EH WEB DE RUCNDT #0499 1711516 ZNY CCCCC

ZZH P 201516Z JUN 07 FM USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK TO RU EHC/SEC -STA TE WASHDC PRI O RITY 2103 IN FO RU EHBW/AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DEPRI O RITY 0159 RU EHTC/AMEM BASSY THE HA GUE PRI O RITY 8894

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialUSUN NEW YORK 000499 SIP DIS E.O. 12958: DECL: 06/19/2017 Tags: ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a], KAWC

[A tro ci ti es and War Cri mes], KJUS [Ad mi ni stra tion of Ju sti ce], SR [Ser bi a], XH [E a -stern Euro pe], MW [Mon te ne gro]

Clas si fied By: Am bas sa dor Wolff for re a sons 1.(b) and 1 (d).

1. (U) Sum mary: In a fa re well call, ICTY Pro se cu tor Car la del Pon te de scri bed herwork and plans for the months bet we en now and Sep tem ber when her re sig na tion fromthe Tri bu nal ta kes ef fect. Ear li er she told the Se cu rity Co un cil that, “the fact that fo ur per -sons re main at lar ge, in par ti cu lar, Ra do van Ka rad zic and Rat ko Mla dic, is a per ma nentstain on our work.” Del Pon te told Am bas sa dor Wolff that Ser bia’s co o pe ra tion with theTri bu nal has im pro ved so mew hat and she ho pes that this fac tor, along with the re cent ar -rest of Zdrav ko To li mir, may lead to furt her ar rests of key fu gi ti ves du ring the next fewmonths. Del Pon te al so ur ged the USG to sup port her De puty, Da vid Tol bert (US) to suc -ceed her as ICTY Pro se cu tor. End Sum mary.

167

2. (C) Car la del Pon te, ICTY Pro se cu tor for the past eight years, met with Am bas -sa dor Wolff on Ju ne 18. She was ac com pa nied by the De puty Pro se cu tor, Da vid Tol bert.Whi le re flec ting with sa tis fac tion on the ac hi e ve ments of the Tri bu nal, del Pon te cle arlyhad one thing on her mind – “Car la’s list” (A mo vie of the sa me na me has been pro du -ced to hig hlight the Tri bu nal’s work). Del Pon te said that she had seen so me pro gress inSer bia’s co o pe ra tion, al be it gu ar ded. The Ta dic go vern ment has pled ged to as sist her inlo ca ting the key fu gi ti ves and she be li e ves the Chi ef of In tel li gen ce, Ra de Bu la to vic,knows in which lo ca le Mla dic is hi ding. She de scri bed the May 31 ar rest of Zdrav ko To -li mir and sub se qu ent ar rest of Vla sti mir Djor dje vic in Mon te ne gro. Both ha ve now beentran sfer red to The Ha gue. Del Pon te de scri bed how the Serbs played a key ro le but dis -tan ced them sel ves from the ar rest of To li mir. She said that Bel gra de has tried to link thesi tu a tion in Ko so vo to the ap pre hen sion of Mla dic, saying that if the UN acts on Ko so voin de pen den ce, pe o ple will be pro te sting in the stre ets and the po li ti cal si tu a tion will betoo fra gi le to be ar the ar rest of such po pu lar le a ders as Mla dic or Ka ra dic. Wolff no tedthat such lin ka ge is unac cep ta ble. Del Pon te said the Serbs ha ve Mla dic’s fa mily un dersur ve il lan ce and she re ma ins ho pe ful that Bu ta lo vic, who se as sig nment ends in July, willde li ver Mla dic be fo re the end of that month.

3. (C) Del Pon te se e med less op ti mi stic abo ut get ting Ka ra dic and said bet ter in tel -li gen ce sup port from KFOR, NA TO and the US wo uld be wel co me. “Just tell me whe -re he is – Bo snia, Ser bia, Mon te ne gro, she said. Then I can work with that co un try.” Am -bas sa dor Wolff as su red del Pon te that the ap pre hen sion of the se key fu gi ti ves re ma ins anim por tant US po licy ob jec ti ve. He asked del Pon te what con clu sion she wo uld draw ifby the end of July Mla dic re ma ins at lar ge? Del Pon te re spon ded that she had not en vi -si o ned that si tu a tion but it may mean that he is no lon ger in Ser bia. She said that the re isa win dow of op por tu nity now. It is not eno ugh for the Serbs to say he is not the re. Theymust gi ve evi den ce that he is not and re veal whe re he is. Del Pon te ad ded that To li merhad been Mla dic’s “right hand man” and she ho pes to me et with him and is “pre pa red toma ke a plea agre e ment” in ex chan ge for in for ma tion le a ding to Mla dic’s ar rest. That me -e ting will ta ke pla ce as soon as he had ob ta i ned de fen se co un sel.

4. (U) Tur ning to the fu tu re of the Tri bu nal, del Pon te ex pres sed sup port for Tol bert’scan di dacy to suc ceed her as Pro se cu tor. She said she had spo ken with UN Le gal Co un -sel Mic hel but did not get much in for ma tion on the ap po int ment of her suc ces sor. Am -bas sa dor Wolff as su red them that the Sec re tary Ge ne ral un der stands the is sue and has notyet fil led the job.

Wolff

LVIRe fe ren ce id: 07USUN NEWYORK554Su bject: Pro po sed Ap po int ments Of Pro se cu tors For The In ter na ti o nal War Cri mes

Tri bu nals For Yugo sla via (icty) And Rwan da (ic tr)Ori gin: USUN New York (Uni ted Na ti ons) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 6 Jul 2007 20:50 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2007/07/07USUN NEWYORK554.html

168

Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXYZ0000 PP RU EH WEB DE RUCNDT #0554 1872050 ZNY CCCCC

ZZH P 062050Z JUL 07 FM USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK TO RU EHC/SEC STA -TE WASHDC PRI O RITY 2210 IN FO RU EHBW/AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE PRI -O RITY 0164 RU EHLGB/AMEM BASSY KI GA LI PRI O RITY 0232 RU -EHTC/AMEM BASSY THE HA GUE PRI O RITY 8906

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tial

SIP DIS FOR: IO/UNP, S/WCI E.O. 12958: DECL: 07/06/2017 Tags: ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a], KAWC

[A tro ci ti es and War Cri mes], KJUS [Ad mi ni stra tion of Ju sti ce], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern -men tal Af fa irs], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons]

Clas si fied By: Am bas sa dor Kha lil zad for re a sons 1.4(b) and 1.4(d)

1. This is an ac tion re qu est. Ple a se see Pa ra 5. 2. (C) UN Un der-Sec re tary Ge ne ral for Le gal Af fa irs, Ni co las Mic hel, in for med

USUN on July 6, that the Sec re tary Ge ne ral plans to ta ke ac tion to ex tend the terms ofthe cur rent Pro se cu tors for the IC TR and ICTY. The Sta tu tes of the Tri bu nals pro vi de thatthe Pro se cu tors shall be ap po in ted by the Se cu rity Co un cil on no mi na tion by the Sec re -tary-Ge ne ral. Mic hel in di ca ted that he is con sul ting with the per ma nent mem bers pri or toin for ming the Se cu rity Co un cil of his re com men da ti ons.

3. (C) ICTY. Car la del Pon te, ICTY Pro se cu tor an no un ced se ve ral months ago thatshe wo uld be re sig ning ef fec ti ve in Sep tem ber. No re pla ce ment has been na med, alt ho -ugh both her De puty, Da vid Tol bert (US), and Chi ef In ve sti ga tor of the In ter na ti o nal In -ve sti ga tion Com mis sion for Le ba non (UNI I IC), Ser ge Bram mertz (Bel), are in te re sted inthe po si tion. Bram mertz re cently re sig ned his po si tion as De puty Pro se cu tor for the In -ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Co urt and has been pro mi sed a job with the UN. Alt ho ugh he wantsthe ICTY Pro se cu tor po si tion, he has in di ca ted so me fle xi bi lity. Com ment. Ex ten si on ofdel Pon te as Pro se cu tor wo uld gi ve Bram mertz ti me to com ple te his work on the Com -mis sion. It wo uld al so ke ep op ti ons for fil ling the ICTY Pro se cu tor po si tion open. EndCom ment.

4. (C) IC TR Pro se cu tor. Has san Jal low (Gam bia) was ap po in ted as Pro se cu tor forthe IC TR on Sep tem ber 15, 2003 for a fo ur year term. Pur su ant to the Sta tu te of the Tri -bu nal, the Pro se cu tor is eli gi ble for re ap po int ment. The Sec re tary Ge ne ral in tends to no -mi na te Mr. Jal low for anot her term, the du ra tion of which wo uld be fo ur years or less, ifthe Tri bu nal con clu des its work be fo re fo ur years.

5. (C) Ac tion Re qu est. USUN re qu ests in struc ti ons to in form the UN that the Uni -ted Sta tes will sup port the ex ten si on of Ms. del Pon te as Pro se cu tor un til Ja nu ary 2008and the re-ap po int ment of Mr. Jal low.

Kha lil zad169

LVIIRe fe ren ce id: 07USNA TO484Su bject: Fm Je re mic Di scus ses The Ko so vo Co nun drum And Part ner ship Pre sen -

ta tion Do cu ment With The NacOri gin: Mis sion USNA TO (North Atlan tic Tre aty Or ga ni za tion) Ca ble ti me: Thu, 6 Sep 2007 14:42 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tial//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2007/09/07USNA TO484.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXYZ0030 PP RU EH WEB DE RU EH NO #0484/01 2491442 ZNY

CCCCC ZZH P 061442Z SEP 07 FM USMIS SION USNA TO TO RU EHBW/AMEM -BASSY BEL GRA DE PRI O RITY 1403 RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC PRI O RITY1156 IN FO RU EHZG/NA TO EU COL LEC TI VE RUC NOSC/ORG FOR SE CU RITYCO OP IN EUR COL LEC TI VE

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DIS NO FORN E.O. 12958: DECL: 09/05/2017 Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], MA RR [Mi li tary and De fen se Ar ran ge -

ments], NA TO [North Atlan tic Tre aty Or ga ni za ti on], SR [Ser bi a] Ref: A. SER BIA’S PRE SEN TA TION DO CU MENT (E-MA I LED TO EUR/RPM)

B. BEL GRA DE 1223 Clas si fied By: Char ge Ric hard G. Ol son for re a sons 1.4 (b), (d).

Sum mary 1. (C) Ser bian Fo re ign Mi ni ster Vuk Je re mic di scus sed Ser bia’s Part ner ship Pre sen -

ta tion Do cu ment and pos si ble ways for ward on Ko so vo with NA TO Perm Reps on Sep -tem ber 5. Je re mic was for ward-le a ning on en ga ge ment with the Al li an ce thro ugh PfP, butac know led ged Ser bi ans’ lo ve-ha te re la ti on ship to NA TO wo uld not go away. Whi le vo -i cing “ca u ti o us op ti mism” that a com pro mi se so lu tion co uld be fo und for Ko so vo, andar gu ing that ne go ti a ti ons wo uld pro ceed mo re qu ickly wit ho ut a de a dli ne, he did not of -fer any ho pe that Ser bia wo uld ac cept in de pen den ce for Ko so vo. Vir tu ally every NA TOPerm Rep told Je re mic that NA TO bas hing has got to stop and hard com pro mi ses are ne -ces sary on Ko so vo. Ho we ver, so me Al li es we re soft on the ne go ti a ting de a dli ne and onthe need for a new UN Se cu rity Co un cil re so lu tion on Ko so vo. End Sum mary.

Syg Sum ma ri zes a Com plex Re la ti on ship 2. (C) NA TO Sec re tary Ge ne ral (SYG) Ja ap de Ho op Schef fer wel co med FM Je re -

mic to the NAC, sa lu ting Ser bia’s Part ner ship Pre sen ta tion Do cu ment (PD ) REF A) ascle ar, con ci se, and am bi ti o us. He no ted that Ser bia ne eds to con clu de an In for ma tion Se -cu rity Agre e ment in or der to fully par ti ci pa te in many of the pro po sed are as of co o pe ra -tion. He ap pla u ded the PD’s strong com mit ment to me e ting obli ga ti ons to the In ter na ti -o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the For mer Yugo sla via (ICTY), and af fir med NA TO’s sup portfor Ser bia to ta ke its rightful pla ce in the Euro-Atlan tic com mu nity. Re fer ring to the vi -170

tri o lic rhe to ric ema na ting from ot her high of fi ci als in Bel gra de (REF B), ho we ver, he cal -led on the Ser bian Go vern ment to “spe ak with one vo i ce,” re min ded Je re mic of Bel gra -de’s agre e ment to avoid sta te ments or ac ti ons that might je o par di ze se cu rity in Ko so vo,and said that un less ot her wi se in for med NA TO wo uld as su me that the PD re pre sen tedthe aut ho ri ta ti ve GOS po si tion on NA TO. On Ko so vo, the SYG ho ped that the No vem -ber 17 elec ti ons wo uld advan ce nor ma li za tion of re la ti ons bet we en Ko so var Serbs andAl ba ni ans. He af fir med full sup port for the cur rent ro und of Tro i ka-led ne go ti a ti ons, butcon clu ded that if they did not lead to a com pro mi se agre e ment, the Ah ti sa a ri pro po salwas “the best way for ward.”

Je re mic Pro fes ses “Ca u ti o us Op ti mism” 3. (C) Je re mic frankly ac know led ged that Ser bi ans wo uld “ne ver for get the tra gic

events of 1999” (the NA TO air cam pa ign) but said Serbs want “to lo ok for ward, not bac -kward.” He in si sted that the PD re pre sen ted Bel gra de’s “cle ar re a di ness to play a con -struc ti ve ro le in bu il ding a new se cu rity ar chi tec tu re for So ut he ast Euro pe,” and said theIn for ma tion Se cu rity Agre e ment wo uld be sig ned and a Ser bian Mis sion to NA TO ope -ned soon. But li ke most Al li es, his mind was on Ko so vo. He ex pres sed “ca u ti o us op ti -mism” that the cur rent ro und of Pri sti na-Bel gra de talks co uld lead to a mu tu ally-ac cep -ta ble com pro mi se, lo o ked for ward to di rect Serb-Ko so var talks in New York as a bel lwet -her (alt ho ugh he re pe a tedly re fer red to the Ko so vars as “Al ba ni ans”), and asked Al li es tosup port lif ting the Tro i ka’s 120-day de a dli ne to ma ke the Ko so vars “ne go ti a te se ri o usly.”Je re mic clo sed by qu o ting Abra ham Lin coln’s Se cond Ina u gu ral ad dress: “With ma li ceto ward no ne and cha rity to ward all...” Ser bia wo uld con tri bu te to ward a la sting so lu tion.

Al li es Call for an End to “NA TO Bas hing“4. (C) Am bas sa dor Nu land told Je re mic that an open-en ded ne go ti a ting pe riod wo -

uld not pro du ce re sults, and said pla inly that “NA TO bas hing has got to stop.” She al soha i led Je re mic’s op ti mism, and po in ted to the many po si ti ve ele ments in the PD, in clu -ding its ICTY re fe ren ce and am bi ti o us pro gram of co o pe ra tion. She no ted Je re mic’s in -vo ca tion of Lin coln and re min ded the Ser bian de le ga tion that Lin coln was re gar ded asone of our gre a test Pre si dents be ca u se he led the na tion thro ugh a pe riod of dif fi cult sac -ri fi ces. Six te en ot her Al li es in ter ve ned along si mi lar li nes, vir tu ally all cal ling for mo de -ra tion in Bel gra de’s pu blic com ments and for real fle xi bi lity on the Ko so vo talks. Spainasked abo ut Ser bia’s le vel of am bi tion with NA TO (as the PD do es not ad dress that po -int), to which Je re mic re spon ded, “full mem ber ship” ) re min ding the NAC that Pre si dentTa dic had said as much to the SYG. To tho se cal ling for im ple men ting the Ah ti sa a ri pro -po sal in the ab sen ce of an agre e ment, Je re mic asked rhe to ri cally why the Al ba ni ans wo -uld show fle xi bi lity if Al li es we re go ing to gi ve them everything they wan ted for sto ne -wal ling. Bul ga rian Am bas sa dor Iva nov un help fully af fir med the po si tion that Ko so vo’sfi nal sta tus sho uld be “va li da ted by a new UNSC re so lu tion.” Ot her than that, Al li es didnot bre ak ranks, but a few sho wed whe re the ir sympat hi es lie: Ro ma nia in si sted that NA -TO was “not ta king si des, but se e king a se cu re en vi ron ment for all.” Nor way, Italy, Slo -va kia, and Spain al so ma de ca li bra ted pre sen ta ti ons sho wing they are Ser bia’s fri ends atthe NAC ta ble.

Ol son171

LVIIIRe fe ren ce id: 07BRUS SELS3192Su bject: Eu And W. Bal kans: Car rots Not Al ways Ef fec ti ve; Sticks Lar gely Unu sedOri gin: USEU Brus sels (Euro pe) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 19 Oct 2007 12:35 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tial//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2007/10/07BRUS SELS3192.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO4210 PP RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU E HROV

RU EH SR DE RU EHBS #3192/01 2921235 ZNY CCCCC ZZH P 191235Z OCT 07FM USEU BRUS SELS TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC PRI O RITY IN FO RU -EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE PRI O RITY

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DIS NO FORN AL SO FOR EUR/SCE, EUR/ERA, EUR/ACE PLE A SE PASS TO

USAID/EE E.O. 12958: DECL: 10/19/2017 Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], EAID [Fo re ign Eco no mic As si stan ce],

ZL [Bal kan Sta tes], EUN [E u ro pean Uni on] Ref: BRUS SELS 3120 Clas si fied By: Ac ting POL Chi ef Vin cent Car ver for re a sons

1.5 (b/d).

Sum mary 1. (C/NF) The EU has re pe a tedly re af fir med the “Euro pean vo ca tion” of the co un -

tri es in the We stern Bal kans. It is com mit ted to mem ber ship for all co un tri es in the re gionand the Com mis sion plans to con tri bu te al most USD two bil lion over 2007-09 to helppre pa re them for even tual mem ber ship. Whi le the W. Bal kans will be one of the up co -ming Slo ve nian Pre si dency’s pri o ri ti es, we are not san gu i ne that it will ha ve gre at ac hi e -ve ments in the re gion – much li ke the Austrian Pre si dency (2006), ot her than to se cu rean ESDP mis sion in Ko so vo. The EU has lit tle stra tegy on con ta i ning fal lo ut from Ko -so vo fi nal sta tus in Ser bia. On BiH, the EU is re a li zing that it may ha ve to play har derball gi ven that the pro mi se of a Sta bi li za tion and As so ci a tion (SAA) Agre e ment has notpro du ced po li ce re form the re. De ci sion-ma kers in Lon don, Pa ris, Ro me, and Ber lin li -kely will con ti nue to ha ve mo re in flu en ce over events in the re gion than tho se in Lis bonand Lju blja na. En lar ge ment Com mis si o ner Rehn will con ti nue strongly to sup port the ac -ces sion pro cess for the re gion, with HR So la na hel ping chan nel mem ber sta te thin kingon Ser bia, BiH, and Ko so vo. (Ref tel ad dres sed the EU and Ko so vo; EU re la ti ons withCro a tia are not han dled by EU of fi ci als co ve ring the W. Bal kans.) End Sum mary

Slo ve nian Mis sion: W. Bal kans a Top Pri o rity2. (C/NF) Both the Slo ve nian Mis sion’s W. Bal kans ex pert and the Slo ve nian ser -

ving as BiH desk of fi cer in the Co un cil Sec re ta ri at (who will ser ve as the Slo ve nian Pre -si dency’s co or di na tor with the Co un cil Sec re ta ri at) told us re cently that the W. Bal kans172

will be one of the top pri o ri ti es of the Slo ve nian Pre si dency. Gi ven the pa ce of events,ma in ta i ning EU unity over post-sta tus Ko so vo is of pa ra mo unt im por tan ce, both stres -sed. La un ching an ESDP mis sion in Ko so vo, even wit ho ut a new UN SCR (both said ne -it her the U.S.-EU-Rus sia Tro i ka nor the UNSC wo uld pro du ce a last-mi nu te ne go ti a tedset tle ment) will be “messy” gi ven so me mem ber sta tes’ qu e sti ons over le gal in ter pre ta ti -ons of a man da te. Ne vert he less, a mis sion “al most cer ta inly” will be la un ched, in part be -ca u se mem ber sta tes re cog ni ze that the EU’s cre di bi lity will be da ma ged ab sent such amis sion.

A Pri o rity, but Lit tle Stra tegy 3. (C/NF) Asked abo ut Slo ve nia’s and the EU’s stra tegy for strengthe ning Ser bia’s

and BiH’s ti es to the EU, the Slo ve nian Mis sion rep no ted that the EU’s le ve ra ge is notter ribly strong. The Com mis sion will con ti nue its plans to sup port the In stru ment for Pre-Ac ces sion (IPA) in both co un tri es (con tri bu ting ap pro xi ma tely USD 800 mil lion in Ser -bia and USD 316 mil lion in BiH from 2007 to 09). Ac cor ding to our con tact, whi le Slo -ve nia (re por tedly sup por ted by Austria, Italy, Hun gary, the Czech Re pu blic, Slo va kia, Po -land, the Bal tic Sta tes, and Gre e ce) wo uld li ke the EU to ta ke a mo re “fle xi ble” ap pro -ach on po li ce re form in BiH and on ICTY con di ti o na lity in Ser bia in or der to pro ceedwith the SAA pro ces ses in both co un tri es, ot her mem ber sta tes, par ti cu larly Fin land, theNet her lands, Bel gi um, and Lu xem bo urg, op po se any lo o se ning of EU con di ti o na lity.The UK and Fran ce, pre vi o usly sup por ters of strict con di ti o na lity are sof te ning so mew -hat, our con tact ad ded. He stres sed that the Pre si dency, as ho nest bro ker, will ha ve to tryto find com mon gro und bet we en the hard-li ne camp and tho se wan ting to ease the SAApro cess for Bel gra de and Sa ra je vo.

4. (C/NF) The Slo ve nian Co un cil Sec re ta ri at con tact had a dif fe rent per spec ti ve. Inher vi ew, the EU has stres sed pu blicly and at length the links bet we en po li ce re form inBiH and full Ser bian co o pe ra tion with ICTY with sig ning an SAA. For the EU to we a -ken the se links now for an “im me di a te goal” wo uld un der mi ne the EU’s cre di bi lity withboth co un tri es over the long term, she re a so ned.

Ser bia: How to con tain Fal lo ut from Ko so vo 5. (C/NF) Whi le of fi ci ally the ac ces sion pro cess for Ser bia is not re la ted to Ko so vo,

many con tacts ha ve pri va tely con fir med that se ve ral mem ber sta tes will block pro gressif Ser bia acts “ag gres si vely” on post-sta tus Ko so vo. All pre dict that Bel gra de will pro testvo ci fe ro usly af ter sta tus is fi na li zed. Our con tacts are di vi ded over what, if any, con cre teac ti ons Bel gra de will ta ke.

6. (C/NF) A few pre dict that Bel gra de will in ter rupt energy sup pli es. Ot hers no te thatthe Ser bian Ra di cal Party and hard-li ners wit hin the mi li tary will sup port pa ra mi li tary ac -ti vity in nort hern Ko so vo. A plu ra lity, ho we ver, be li e ve Ser bia will ne it her ta ke nor to le -ra te any such ac tion, and the re fo re the ac ces sion pro cess can con ti nue.

7. (C/NF) Asked how ICTY co o pe ra tion fac tors in to the equ a ti on, one con tact no -ted that the Sta bi li za tion and As so ci a tion Agre e ment (SAA) with Ser bia is ready to be ini -ti a led and co uld even be sig ned in 2007 if Bel gra de de mon stra ted sig ni fi cant pro gress le -a ding to the ar rest of Mla dic. Even wit ho ut this, ho we ver, the EU be li e ves Bel gra de willcon ti nue to pro mul ga te le gi sla tion and im ple ment re forms as outli ned in the SAA, so as

173

not to lo se too much ti me in the pro cess and with the ho pe that Mla dic even tu ally will bese i zed and an SAA will be sig ned.

Bo snia-and-Her ze go vi na: How co uld they re fu se Po li ce Re form? 8. (C/NF) Many EU and mem ber sta te of fi ci als se e med ac tu ally shoc ked that the

Bo sni ak and Re pu bli ka Srp ska le a der ship con ti nued to block po li ce re form de spi teHR/EUSR Laj cak’s last-ditch ef forts in la te Sep tem ber. One Co un cil Sec re ta ri at of fi cialwor king on BiH told us re cently that the Com mis sion and se ve ral mem ber sta te of fi ci -als be li e ved the BiH le a ders wo uld com pro mi se at the last mo ment, gi ven the tre men do -us im por tan ce of sig ning an SAA with the EU. The fact that this “car rot” did not bend theBiH le a ders’ po li ti cal will sho uld ser ve as a wa ke-up call, par ti cu larly to the Com mis sion,on the to ugh na tu re of Bal kan po li ti ci ans and the ir un wil ling ness to be kow to wed by EUbu re a uc rats.

9. (C/NF) All of our con tacts no ted that the Com mis sion is ex tre mely he si tant to useits fun ding (con so li da ted in the “In stru ment for Pre-Ac ces sion” – IPA, be gun this year)for strictly po li ti cal ends. Rat her, the IPA’s ra i son d’etre is to pro mo te in fra struc tu re pro -jects, en han ce a co un try’s ad mi ni stra ti ve ca pa city thro ugh tra i ning and ex chan ges, andsup port fre er mar kets, not to pres su re of fi ci als in the re gion to ac cept EU po li ti cal vi ews.Asked abo ut pos si ble vi sa re stric ti ons on in tran si gent BiH of fi ci als, one Co un cil Sec re -ta ri at con tact told us that the EU has not yet con si de red this op tion, with so me mem bersta tes li kely to op po se its use ba sed on “in tran si gen ce” rat her than hu man rights abu sesor cri mi nal ac ti vity. HR So la na, she no ted, has only in the last few we eks de vo ted at ten -tion to BiH. His of fi ce re por tedly has in cre a sed the de mand for bri e fing pa pers on BiHdra ma ti cally as a re sult.

Ma ce do nia: Not Go ing Well 10. (C/NF) The Slo ve nian Mis sion has told us that the lac klu ster pa ce of re forms and

con ti nued pro blems in ge nu i nely in te gra ting the et hnic Al ba nian par ti es in to col la bo ra ti -ve de ci sion-ma king on the na ti o nal le vel com bi ne to ma ke Ma ce do nia a pro blem ca sefor the EU – of fi ci ally it is a can di da te co un try, but wit ho ut a da te for ac ces sion ne go ti a -ti ons to be gin. Se ve ral of our con tacts told us ear li er this year that the EU might gi ve Ma -ce do nia a da te in 2008 to be gin ne go ti a ti ons. Our con tacts are less op ti mi stic la tely. Theydo not ru le out gi ving a da te next year, but stress that Ma ce do nia must “get its act to get -her” and de mon stra te gre a ter po li ti cal ma tu rity to over co me re si stan ce from so me mem -ber sta tes. Ma ce do nia’s po si tion on Ko so vo has hel ped in this re gard, but, in the vi ew ofone Co un cil Sec re ta ri at of fi cial, Sko pje’s “pro vo ca ti ons” of Gre e ce are not hel ping itsca se. No ne of our con tacts wo uld re veal whe re Gre e ce is co ming down on gran ting a da -te for ac ces sion ne go ti a ti ons with Sko pje, with all saying “of fi ci ally” that NA TO de li be -ra ti ons over a po ten tial mem ber ship in vi ta tion are not af fec ting EU di scus si ons.

Al ba nia: Ma king slow but steady Pro gress 11. (C/NF) The EU ap pe ars sa tis fied and even a bit sur pri sed that Al ba nia’s ac ces -

sion pro cess is mo ving for ward, al be it slowly. The EU re ma ins con cer ned abo ut cri me,cor rup tion, and ad mi ni stra ti ve ca pa city in Al ba nia, but se es re cent elec ti ons the re as a signthat the co un try is slowly mo ving in the right di rec tion. 174

Mon te ne gro: A Re la ti ve Suc cess Story 12. (C/NF) Gi ven its smal ler si ze and re la ti vely good eco no mic po li ci es, Mon te ne -

gro may advan ce mo re qu ickly in im ple men ting its SAA com mit ments, ac cor ding to aCom mis sion con tact. Its use of the Euro must be ad dres sed (but one con tact pre dic tedthat the EU ul ti ma tely will not for ce Mon te ne gro to adopt a new cur rency), and as withAl ba nia, the EU has se ri o us con cerns abo ut or ga ni zed cri me. Se ve ral con tacts vo i ced theho pe that Mon te ne gro’s ex pec ted pro gress with its SAA wo uld “sha me” BiH and Ser biato over co me its pro blems and al low the ir re spec ti ve SA As to be sig ned.

The Bro a der EU Con text 13. (C/NF) The EU has a less than stel lar re cord in le ve ra ging the “car rot” of mem -

ber ship to ob tain con cre te po li ti cal re sults in the re gion. Brus sels ge ne rally re ma ins lo at -he to use “sticks” to pro mo te im me di a te go als in the re gion. Rat her, the EU, par ti cu larlythe Com mis sion, vi ews the ac ces sion pro cess as a ne ces sa rily mul ti-year en de a vor in bu -il ding a strong fo un da tion for the se co un tri es’ “Euro pean iden tity.” In cre a sed skep ti cismamong the Euro pean pu blic re gar ding en lar ge ment – “en lar ge ment fa ti gue” – and the ge -ne ral con sen sus in Brus sels that Ro ma nia and Bul ga ria we re not ready for ac ces sion in2007, are con tri bu ting to a stric ter in ter pre ta tion by the Com mis sion of im ple men ta tionof SAA com mit ments. Two of En lar ge ment Com mis si o ner Rehn’s advi sors ha ve told usthat the EU wants to ad dress pro blem are as in can di da te and aspi rant co un tri es ear li er,rat her than la ter, to avoid ha ving to ta ke the lar gely po li ti cal de ci sion to ad mit not-qu i te-ready can di da tes, as was the ca se with Ro ma nia and Bul ga ria.

Com ment14. (C/NF) The last sta ge of the Por tu gu e se Pre si dency and the first few months of

the Slo ve nian Pre si dency will be full of chal len ges: ma in ta i ning EU unity on Ko so vowhi le se cu ring agre e ment to la unch the ESDP Mis sion, of fe ring sup port to HR/EUSRLaj cak in BiH whi le ma in ta i ning so me le vel of “lo cal ow ner ship” in BiH, con ta i ning da -ma ge to the EU’s re la ti on ship with Ser bia in light of fi nal sta tus for Ko so vo whi le ke e -ping the pres su re on Bel gra de to de li ver Mla dic to The Ha gue, prod ding the Ma ce do nianle a der ship to ma ke and im ple ment ge nu i ne po li ti cal re forms, and ma in ta i ning cre di bi litywith the Euro pean pu blic for en lar ge ment in ge ne ral.

15. (C/NF) From what we ha ve seen, the EU, the Por tu gu e se Pre si dency, and the in -co ming Slo ve nian Pre si dency ha ve lit tle in the way of a co he rent stra tegy to ad dress the -se is su es, ot her than to re i te ra te the “Euro pean vo ca tion” of the co un tri es of the re gion.Vi sa fa ci li ta tion and IPA as si stan ce are not eno ugh to en su re that the re gion con ti nu es onits Euro pean path. The key to ta king cri ti cal de ci si ons re gar ding the We stern Bal kans re -ma ins in key mem ber sta te ca pi tals, not Brus sels. Rehn will re main a strong cham pion ofmem ber ship for the co un tri es in the re gion; So la na is the of fi cial, ho we ver, who can helpmo ve mem ber sta tes on cri ti cal is su es, such as the ESDP mis sion in Ko so vo and con fron -ting ob struc ti o nists in BiH. If the draft EU Re form Tre aty is ra ti fied, the High Rep po si -tion will be even mo re ca pa ble of mo ving the EU in the right di rec tion in the re gion, gi -ven the mar ri a ge of his re spon si bi li ti es with Com mis sion fi nan cial re so ur ces.

Gray175

LIXRe fe ren ce id: 07BEL GRA DE1532Su bject: Ser bia: Vo ji slav Se selj Go es On Trial In The Ha gue Whi le Saa Ini ti a led In

Brus selsOri gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 9 Nov 2007 16:28 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Un clas si fied//For Of fi cial Use OnlySo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2007/11/07BEL GRA DE1532.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Fri, 26 Aug 2011 02:34 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on


RU EHFL RU E HIK RU EHKW RU E HLA RU EHLN RU EHLZ RU EH POD RU E -HROV RU EH SR RU EHVK RU EHYG DE RU EHBW #1532/01 3131628 ZNRUUUUU ZZH R 091628Z NOV 07 FM AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE TO RU -EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC 1753 IN FO RU EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL -LEC TI VE

Hi de he a der

Un clas SEN SI TI VE SIP DIS E.O. 12958: N/A

Sum mary 1. (U) No to ri o us Ser bian Ra di cal Party (SRS) le a der Vo ji slav Se selj’s No vem ber 7 war

cri mes trial in The Ha gue at trac ted only mo de ra te me dia at ten tion in Bel gra de and no pu -blic pro no un ce ments or pro tests. With the con co mi tant press of Ser bia’s ini ti a ling of a Sta -bi lity and As so ci a tion Agre e ment Se selj po pu la rity’s at le ast this we ek has been ne u tra li zed,as Ser bia fo cu ses on a Euro pean fu tu re, but is re min ded of its bloody past. End Sum mary

Mo de ra te Me dia: Co ve ra ge of Pro ce e dings2. (U) Me dia: in te rest in the ca se was mu ted. The in flu en tial pro-go vern ment new -

spa per “Po li ti ka” on No vem ber 8 de di ca ted a pa ge to the trial, re por ting the pro se cu tion’sope ning re marks, trial’s hi story and Se selj’s past in flam ma tory sta te ments. Most ot her da -i li es do cu men ted the ope ning re marks wit ho ut analysis or com men tary. The go vern mentRTS te le vi sion sta tion aired the pre-trial he a ring, No vem ber 6, dra wing 21% of the vi e -wing audi en ce, but the bro ad cast of the first day of the trial com man ded only a 13.61%audi en ce sha re, with 382,130 vi e wers. On No vem ber 8, trial co ve ra ge airing Se selj’s ope -ning sta te ments at trac ted 34.01% of the vi e wing audi en ce.

Ra di cals Un li kely to Gain in the Polls3. (U) Alt ho ugh the po pu lar wis dom ar gu es that the trial of Slo bo dan Mi lo so vic,

from 2002-2006,at first bo o sted his po pu la rity, this ti me aro und lo cal analysts do not ex -pect the Ra di cal Party (SRS) to pro fit from re ne wed scru tiny of Se selj’s cri mes. In de pen -dent jo ur na list De jan Ana sta si je vic told em boff that “spe cu la tion that the trial will bo ost176

Ra di cal’s po pu la rity is over ra ted. In stead, the trial will bring back ugly me mo ri es thateven SRS sup por ters wo uld li ke to for get,” Ana sta si je vic said. Pre sen ting a dif fe rent vi -ew, So nja Bi ser ko of Ser bia’s Hel sin ki Com mit tee told em boff that, with Se selj the linkbet we en the sta te and the pa ra mi li tary for ces, the im por tan ce of the trial is to ex po se thecri mi na lity un derlying the Yugo slav wars.

Ini ti a ling the SAA: Mo ving To wards Euro pe4. (U) Co in ci ding with the trial, Ser bia’s ini ti a ling of its Sta bi li za tion and As so ci a -

tion Agre e ment (SAA) with the Euro pean Com mis sion on No vem ber 7, played po si ti -vely in Bel gra de. The ini ti a ling be ca me pos si ble only af ter The Ha gue’s Chi ef Pro se cu -tor Car la Del Pon te con fir med Ser bia’s con ti nued co o pe ra tion with the Tri bu nal. Mostac know led ged that the event bro ught Ser bia one step clo ser to EU mem ber ship, whi le re -cog ni zing that Ser bia must still fully comply with ICTY.

5. (U) The go ver ning co a li tion ap pla u ded the ini ti a ling of the SAA and pre sen tedthe EC a new ac tion plan to wards full EU in te gra tion. The ac tion plan calls for Ser bia tosign the SAA by the end of Ja nu ary 2008, to be on the EU’s whi te Schen gen list and tobe an EU can di da te co un try, both by the end of 2008. Pri me Mi ni ster Vo ji slav Ko stu ni -ca said on No vem ber 6 he lo o ked for ward to a fi nal sig ning as soon as pos si ble, no tingthat the SAA wo uld lead to new in vest ments and a “bet ter stan dard (of li ving) for Ser -bia’s ci ti zens.” Pre si dent Bo ris Ta dic said on No vem ber 7 the ini ti a ling pro ved Ser bia co -uld be co me a full mem ber of the EU, and ho ped the SAA co uld be sig ned in the next co -u ple of we eks, on ce Ser bia ac hi e ved full co o pe ra tion with The Ha gue. .Mla dan Din kic,le a der of the G-17 Plus said on No vem ber 6 he ho ped Ser bia wo uld ha ve EU can di da testa tus by the end of 2008. Op po si tion was mo re cyni cal, saying Ser bia’s EU fu tu re wasnot yet gu a ran teed. SRS MP, Zo ran Kra sic (and lawyer to Se selj), on No vem ber 7 cri ti -ci zed the pu blic op ti mism sur ro un ding the SAA, saying that the ini ti a ling was in sig ni fi -cant and gu a ran teed Ser bia not hing.

Me dia Re ac tion: Mostly Po si ti ve, but Re a li stic6. (U) Lo cal me dia ex ten si vely co ve red the ini ti a ling of the SAA. Whi le po si ti ve on

the ini ti a ling, the me dia was al so astu tely awa re that it was pri ma rily symbo lic. Pro-go -vern ment pa per “Po li ti ka” on No vem ber 8 cal led the ini ti a ling Ser bia’s en tryway in toEuro pe. “Po li ti ka” al so car ried an in ter vi ew with Rus sian Am bas sa dor to Ser bia Ale xan -der Alek seyev, who said Rus sia sup por ted the SAA pro cess and con gra tu la ted Ser bia onthe ini ti a ling. Only ta bloid “Ku rir’s” ne ga ti ve co ve ra ge stood out. Un der the No vem ber8 he a dli ne “Ex chan ge for Ko so vo?” Ku rir spe cu la ted that the EU’s sud den go od will inmo ving the SAA pro cess along co uld be com pen sa tion for im pen ding loss of Ko so vo

Com ment 7. (SBU) Se selj’s trial be gan at an auspi ci o us mo ment for Ser bia. As Ser bia mo ves

clo ser to Euro pean in te gra tion via the SAA pro cess, pro vi ding the pu blic with a he althydo se of the truth will as sist the co un try, or at le ast pro vi de an op por tu nity for the co un try,to fa ce the con se qu en ces of its past. Lo o king to wards the fu tu re, the ini ti a ling of the SAAal so co mes at a par ti cu larly good ti me for Ser bia’s de moc ra tic for ces who can cla im thisas a ma jor ac com plis hment and po int to wards Ser bia’s now cle a rer path to the EU, on ceSer bia ful fills its com mit ments to The Ha gue. End com ment.

Mun ter177

LXRe fe ren ce id: 08USNA TO21Su bject: North Atlan tic Co un cil Re a do ut – Ja nu ary 16, 2008Ori gin: Mis sion USNA TO (North Atlan tic Tre aty Or ga ni za tion) Ca ble ti me: Wed, 16 Jan 2008 16:57 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec ret//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2008/01/08USNA TO21.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO3785 OO RU EHBW DE RU EH NO #0021/01 0161657 ZNY SSSSS

ZZH O 161657Z JAN 08 ZDK CTG UR SVC 02211 FM USMIS SION USNA TO TORU EKJCS/SEC DEF WAS HING TON DC IM ME DI A TE RU EHC/SEC STA TEWASHDC IM ME DI A TE 1564 IN FO RU EHZG/NA TO EU COL LEC TI VE PRI O -RITY RUC NOSC/ORG FOR SE CU RITY CO OP IN EUR COL LEC TI VE PRI O -RITY RU EHDS/AMEM BASSY AD DIS ABA BA PRI O RITY 0225 RU E -HAK/AMEM BASSY AN KA RA PRI O RITY 0486 RU EHTH/AMEM BASSY AT -HENS PRI O RITY 0178 RU EHGB/AMEM BASSY BAG HDAD PRI O RITY 0445RU EHBW/AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE PRI O RITY 1455 RU E HRL/AMEM -BASSY BER LIN PRI O RITY 0677 RU EHBY/AMEM BASSY CAN BER RA PRI O -RITY 0239 RU E HIL/AMEM BASSY ISLA MA BAD PRI O RITY 0443 RU EH -BUL/AMEM BASSY KA BUL PRI O RITY 0805 RU EHKH/AMEM BASSY KHAR -TO UM PRI O RITY 0304 RU E HLI/AMEM BASSY LIS BON PRI O RITY 0457 RU -EHLJ/AMEM BASSY LJU BLJA NA PRI O RITY 1134 RU E HLO/AMEM BASSYLON DON PRI O RITY 0334 RU EHMD/AMEM BASSY MA DRID PRI O RITY 0732RU EH MO/AMEM BASSY MO SCOW PRI O RITY 5866 RU EHNY/AMEM BASSYOSLO PRI O RITY 0616 RU E HOT/AMEM BASSY OT TA WA PRI O RITY 0555 RU -EH FR/AMEM BASSY PA RIS PRI O RITY 0434 RU EHPG/AMEM BASSY PRA GUEPRI O RITY 4014 RU E HRK/AMEM BASSY REYKJA VIK PRI O RITY 0059 RU E -HRO/AMEM BASSY RO ME PRI O RITY 0674 RU E HUL/AMEM BASSY SE OULPRI O RITY 0248 RU EHGP/AMEM BASSY SIN GA PO RE PRI O RITY 0040 RU -EHTC/AMEM BASSY THE HA GUE PRI O RITY 0978 RU EH KO/AMEM BASSYTOKYO PRI O RITY 0563 RU EHWL/AMEM BASSY WEL LING TON PRI O RITY0091 RUCNDT/USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK PRI O RITY 0561

Hi de he a der

Sec ret SIP DIS Tags: NA TO [North Atlan tic Tre aty Or ga ni za ti on], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti -

ons], AF [Afg ha ni stan] Clas si fied By: CDA Ric hard G. Ol son for re a sons 1.4 (b) and (d)

1. (C/NF) Ple a se no te a typo in the Afg ha ni stan por tion of last we ek’s no tes. The cor -rec ted sen ten ce sho uld read: “UNA MA as ses ses that the are as of Bad ghis pro vin ce thatwe re the si te of re cent fig hting are now sta ble eno ugh for re li ef agen ci es to ope ra te.” 178

2. (S/NF) Sum mary from the NAC Me e ting: – Mem ber ship Ac tion Plan ) Cro a tia:PM Sa na der’s me e ting with the NAC on Cro a tia’s per for man ce in the Mem ber ship Ac -tion Plan will be re por ted sep tel. – Afg ha ni stan: Sec re tary Ge ne ral (SYG) de Ho op Schef -fer said he had spo ken to UN SYG Ban Ki Moon abo ut the Terms of Re fe ren ce for thenew UN se ni or ci vi lian co or di na tor in Afg ha ni stan and sha red his im pres sion that the UNSYG wo uld no mi na te the in di vi dual very soon. De puty Cha ir man of the Mi li tary Com -mit tee (D/CMC) Eiken be rry an ti ci pa ted con ti nued ter ro rism in Pa ki stan thro ug ho ut2008 and the In ter na ti o nal Mi li tary Staff bri e fed that Op po sing Mi li tant For ces (OMF)are ta king a “wa it and see” ap pro ach in RC-So uth fol lo wing the re ta king of Mu sa Qa -la. Am bas sa dor Nu land bri e fed on the U.S. tro op plus-up, plus ANA ex pan si on plans,and Tur key an no un ced plans to de ploy two Ope ra ti o nal Men tor Li a i son Te ams(OMLTs). The Se re na Ho tel bom bing led the NAC to fo cus on the se cu rity si tu a tion inKa bul, and Nor way than ked the U.S., Tur key, Czech Re pu blic, and ot hers for as si stan -ce to Fo re ign Mi ni ster Sto e re’s de le ga tion fol lo wing the at tack. – Bal kans: The SYGsaid new Ko so vo Pri me Mi ni ster Tha ci had as su red him that any fu tu re steps in Ko so -vo’s sta tus wo uld be ta ken in co or di na tion with Al li es and the EU and that Pri sti na wo -uld do not hing to un der mi ne the sa fe and se cu re en vi ron ment du ring Ko so vo’s tran si -tion. The Ita lian Ope ra ti o nal Re ser ve For ce (ORF) Bat ta lion will de ploy to Ko so vo Fe -bru ary 4. – Dar fur: No di scus sion. – Iraq: Ita lian Perm Rep Ste fa ni ni re por ted the firstclass had gra du a ted from NTM-I Ca ra bi ni e ri tra i ning at Camp Du blin. – Ma ri ti meOpe ra ti ons: The D/CMC de scri bed Rus sian na val de ployments in the Me di ter ra neanas “very in te re sting” and “so met hing that hasn’t been seen in a very long whi le.” –AOB: The SYG said that a let ter to Rus sian Pre si dent Pu tin in vi ting him to at tend theNA TO-Rus sia Co un cil at the Buc ha rest Sum mit in April will be sent via de par ting Rus -sian Am bas sa dor Tot skiy. Dutch Perm Rep Scha per ra i sed the is sue of no i se pol lu tionin the Net her lands ca u sed by the ta ke-off and lan dings of NA TO AWACS in ne ig hbo -ring Ger many and ter med an in ter im NAP MO re port on the pro blem “in suf fi ci ent.” Here qu e sted that the AWACS is sue be di scus sed at the Vil ni us De fen se Mi ni ste rial in Fe -bru ary. Alt ho ugh the fi nal NAP MO re port is not due un til March, the Pri va te Of fi cewill con si der the Dutch re qu est. End Sum mary.

Afg ha ni stan 3. (C/NF) The SYG sta ted that he is sen ding De puty As si stant Sec re tary Ge ne ral

Ma u rits Joc hems to Ka bul Ja nu ary 25 thro ugh the end of Fe bru ary as the tem po rary Se -ni or Ci vi lian Re pre sen ta ti ve (SCR), fol lo wing the de par tu re of SCR Am bas sa dor DaanEverts. He told the NAC that he had spo ken in for mally with UN SYG Ban Ki Moon abo -ut a new UN se ni or ci vi lian co or di na tor for Afg ha ni stan, sta ted he had com mu ni ca ted hisvi ews abo ut that in di vi du als terms of re fe ren ce as they re la te to in ter ac tion with ISAF (towhich Ban ex pres sed un der stan ding, he said), and sha red his im pres sion that the in di vi -dual wo uld be no mi na ted very soon. With this de ve lop ment, he as ser ted, the na ming ofa new NA TO SCR was cru cial, and en co u ra ged na ti ons to mo ve qu ickly to put for warda for mal can di da te (com ment: the SYG no ted he has re ce i ved in for mal qu e ri es from twoAl li es. End com ment). De Ho op Schef fer an no un ced that Mark La ity, who was SCRSpo ke sman in 2006, wo uld be re tur ning to the job for 2008. A new Ice lan dic vo lun taryna ti o nal con tri bu tion wo uld ser ve as La ity’s me dia advi sor, which the SYG wel co med.La ter in the di scus sion, he ex pres sed re gret that, so me how, the da tes of the NAC’s Fe bru -

179

ary trip to Afg ha ni stan had en ded up in the Afg han press. In light of the Se re na Ho telbom bing NAC op ti ons may ha ve to be re vi si ted, he said.

4. (C/NF) D/CMC Eiken be rry spo ke on Pa ki stan and re min ded the NAC of ISAF’sun fil led Com bi ned Jo int Sta te ment of Re qu i re ments (CJSOR). On Pa ki stan, he sha redwith the NAC the In ter na ti o nal Mi li tary Staff’s as ses sment that fol lo wing the Bhut to as -sas si na tion, Pa ki stan’s in ter nal tur moil wo uld con ti nue, and that ter ro rists wo uld con ti nuese e king to dis rupt the co he sion of po li ti cal par ti es, and de rail the elec to ral pro cess. In ter -nal po li ti cal vi o len ce wo uld li kely re main steady or in cre a se in 2008.

5. (C/NF) De puty AD for Ops RADM Mo re no ga ve the ope ra ti o nal up da te. He sta -ted that the Ja nu ary 14 at tack on the Se re na Ho tel in Ka bul il lu stra ted the OMF goal tose ek dra ma tic asymme tric at tacks in Ka bul as part of the ir in for ma tion ope ra ti ons stra -tegy and cre a te an im pres sion of in se cu rity. He said they will con ti nue to try to in fil tra teKa bul to con duct si mi lar ope ra ti ons. In RC-So uth, he sta ted that OMF had ta ken a “wa -it and see” ap pro ach, and we re mo ni to ring lo cals, Afg han for ces, and ISAF, watching fora chan ge in the ba lan ce of the se cu rity pre sen ce. Mu sa Qa la was pre sently se cu red byISAF For ward Ope ra ting Ba se Edin burgh and three ANP chec kpo ints; two ANA kan -daks and the ISAF the a ter task for ce re ma i ned in the dis trict cen ter, with ANSF and ot -her ISAF units pro vi ding an outer ring of se cu rity. The goal, he sta ted, is to esta blish anen du ring se cu rity pre sen ce that even tu ally will ena ble ISAF to hand over re spon si bi lityfor Mu sa Qa la dis trict cen ter to the Afg han po li ce.

6. (C/NF) Am bas sa dor Nu land hig hlig hted to Al li es Pre si dent Bush’s Ja nu ary 15 ap -pro val of a one-ti me de ployment of ap pro xi ma tely 3,200 tro ops to Afg ha ni stan. She no -ted the 24th Ma ri ne Ex pe di ti o nary Unit (MEU), con si sting of ap pro xi ma tely 2,200 sol -di ers, wo uld be pla ced un der Ge ne ral McNe ill com mand for use at his di scre tion in RC-So uth, and 1,000 wo uld chop to MG Co ne at CSTC-A to as sist in tra i ning Afg han Na ti -o nal Se cu rity For ces, most pro bably as for ce pro tec tion to al low ro bust po li ce tra i ning ef -forts in RC-West and RC-So uth. Un der li ning that this de ployment was short-term, tem -po rary, and that the U.S. had dug de ep un der tre men do us re so ur ce stra ins to co me up withfor ces that CO MI SAF ne e ded to suc ceed this co ming spring, she chal len ged Al li es to dothe sa me. She told Perm Reps to ex pect a strong push di plo ma tic push from the Whi teHo u se for Al li es to co me to Buc ha rest with of fers to bac kfill the MEU in Fall 2008 whenits de ployment ends, and to fill the ISAF CJSOR on a long-term ba sis.

7. (C/NF) D/CMC Eiken be rry stres sed to Perm Reps in re spon se that the U.S. of ferwas sig ni fi cant and wo uld ha ve gre at im pact whi le de ployed, but that it did not co ver allCJSOR short falls, and re gar dless, was a short-term de ployment. For plan ning pur po ses,he un der sco red, Al lied na ti ons sho uld pre su me no chan ge to the ISAF CJSOR ba sed onthis tem po rary U.S. de ployment.

8. (C/NF) Am bas sa dor Nu land al so told the NAC that the Uni ted Sta tes ex pec tedthe Afg hans at the Fe bru ary 5 – 6 Tokyo Jo int Co or di na tion and Mo ni to ring Bo ard me -e ting to ask for a 10,000-tro op in cre a se in the for ce struc tu re of the Afg han Na ti o nalArmy, which the U.S. sup ports. She ur ged Al li es to sup port this pro po sal at the JCMB,whi le no ting that the fu tu re for ce struc tu re of the ANA is un der eva lu a tion, and that shewo uld stay in to uch with Al li es on any furt her de ve lop ments.

9. (C/NF) The Tur kish Perm Rep an no un ced that Tur key had ap pro ved the de -ployment of two Ope ra ti o nal Men tor Li a i son Te ams (OMLTs), which wo uld work with180

the he a dqu ar ters of the ANA Se cond Bri ga de, 201 Corps. He sta ted that Tur key will workthe de ta ils of the de ployment thro ugh SHA PE, and of fe red no ti me li nes.

10. (S/NF) In ter ven ti ons by the Gre ek, Por tu gu e se, Spa nish, and Nor we gi an Perm -Reps re pre sen ted the con cern in the NAC over the Ja nu ary 14 Se re na Ho tel at tack. Gre -e ce asked if an im pact as ses sment we re un der way as to the ef fect of the at tack on ci vi -lian ope ra ti ons in Ka bul. Por tu gal no ted a Ja nu ary 14 SHA PE in tel li gen ce as ses smentsta ting OMF we re plan ning high-pro fi le at tacks in Ka bul. Spain, sup por ted by Am bas sa -dor Nu land, asked for mo re in for ma tion on the sta tus of OMF in ten ti ons and abi li ti es toope ra te in Ka bul. Spa nish Perm Rep Be na vi des did no te the qu ick re ac tion of Afg han se -cu rity for ces was en co u ra ging. The Nor we gi an Perm Rep sta ted that they did not be li e vethe at tack spe ci fi cally tar ge ted FM Sto e re and ex pres sed of fi cial ap pre ci a tion from Oslofor Al lied help in the at tack’s af ter math, pra i sing U.S. and Tur kish for ces, as well as theCzech fi eld ho spi tal who se doc tors and nur ses tre a ted the wo un ded.

11. (C/NF) Ca na dian Perm Rep McRae than ked the SYG for his up da te on ef fortsun der way to na me a UN se ni or ci vi lian co or di na tor for Afg ha ni stan. He sta ted that if theUNA MA man da te is ex pan ded, NA TO will need to lo ok at the re cently agreed terms ofre fe ren ce for the NA TO SCR, to en su re ma xi mum co o pe ra tion. He ex pres sed ho pe thatthe new UN co or di na tor co uld at tend the Fe bru ary 6 – 7 De fen se Mi ni sters me e ting inVil ni us. The SYG said he wo uld be in to uch with the new co or di na tor im me di a tely af terthe an no un ce ment of his ap po int ment and wo uld lo ok for early op por tu ni ti es for him tobe in con tact with NA TO and the NAC.

Bal kans 12. (C/NF) The SYG re por ted the UN Se cu rity Co un cil wo uld me et Ja nu ary 16 to

di scuss Ko so vo and UN MIK’s qu ar terly re port. In the re port, UN SYG Ban Ki Moonwill an no un ce the re a di ness of the EU to un der ta ke the ESDP mis sion and re con firm NA -TO’s com mit ment to ma in tain KFOR at its pre sent le vel as re af fir med by NA TO Fo re -ign Mi ni sters in De cem ber. The SYG men ti o ned his pho ne call with Ko so vo’s new Pri -me Mi ni ster, Ha cim Tha ci, in which the PM as su red the SYG that any fu tu re steps in Ko -so vo’s sta tus wo uld only be do ne in co or di na tion with Al li es and the EU. He al so as su -red the SYG that Pri sti na wo uld eschew pro vo ca ti ons to un der mi ne the sa fe and se cu reen vi ron ment du ring Ko so vo’s tran si tion. The D/CMC up da ted the Co un cil on the de -ployment of the Ita lian ORF bat ta lion to Ko so vo saying that the de ployment, ori gi nallysche du led to be gin on Ja nu ary 21, has been de layed un til Fe bru ary 4 in or der to ta ke in -to ac co unt the end of the Ser bian pre si den tial elec tion pe riod. The de ployment will lastfor one month.

13. (C/NF) Slo ve nia ga ve a re a do ut of its fo re ign mi ni ster’s me e ting in Bel gra dewith Ser bian FM Je re mic in which he stres sed the im por tan ce of con ti nu ing ef forts tofi na li ze a sta bi li za tion and ac ces sion agre e ment (SAA) with the EU, furt her ICTY co -o pe ra tion, and en su ring that the up co ming pre si den tial elec ti ons strengthen Ser bia’scre den ti als as a Euro pean de moc racy. He said the com plex is sue of Ko so vo sho uld notbe lin ked to Bel gra de’s mo ve to ward Euro pe. The Ser bian FM re spon ded by ac know -led ging that Ser bia is at a cros sro ads, pres sing for early sig ning of the SAA, ar gu ingfor no lin ka ge bet we en Ser bia’s EU aspi ra ti ons and Ko so vo (alt ho ugh he cal led for fur-t her ne go ti a ti ons on sta tus), and pla cing Pre si dent Ta dic’s chan ces of re-elec tion at“fifty-fifty.” Je re mic said that Ta dic’s Ra di cal op po nent was a real com pe ti tor. Am bas -

181

sa dor Nu land bri e fed that the U.S. has en te red in to an in ten se bi la te ral en ga ge mentwith the new Ko so vo go vern ment on en su ring that, in the event of a dec la ra tion of in -de pen den ce, Pri sti na wo uld com mit to do ing all in its po wer to pre vent vi o len ce andad he re to the prin ci ples in he rent in the Ah ti sa a ri plan. The en ga ge ment is fo cu sing onget ting the Ko so vo par li a ment to for mally adopt and le ga li ze the ele ments of the planand thus en su re a mul ti-et hnic Ko so vo. The UK Perm Rep fol lo wed by stres sing theim por tan ce of NA TO ha ving a pu blic di plo macy stra tegy on Ko so vo. The Ger manPerm Rep re qu e sted that NA TO and KFOR pro vi de any ad di ti o nal in for ma tion re gar -ding re por ted Ser bian plans fol lo wing the adop tion of the ir “sec ret plan of ac tion.” TheSYG con clu ded by sup por ting the UK’s po int on the im por tan ce of pu blic di plo macyand the need to mo ni tor Serb re ac tion.

Iraq14. (C/NF) Ita lian Perm Rep Ste fa ni ni re por ted on the De cem ber 18th gra du a tion of

the first class from NTM-I gen dar me rie-type tra i ning con duc ted by the Ita lian Ca ra bi ni -e ri at Camp Du blin. The gra du a tion ce re mony was well at ten ded by Ira qi go vern ment of -fi ci als, in clu ding In ter i or Mi ni ster Bo la ni, and re ce i ved ex cel lent me dia co ve ra ge. The se -cond class of 450 Ira qi na ti o nal po li ce (1st Bat ta lion, 2nd Bri ga de) star ted tra i ning atCamp Du blin last we ek. Ste fa ni ni said that the aim of the Ca ra bi ni e ri tra i ning is to esta -blish ba sic po li ce pro ce du res – such as in ve sti ga tion tec hni que, com ba ting ter ro rism, an -ti-cor rup tion, and crowd con trol.

Ma ri ti me Ope ra ti ons 15. (C/NF) The D/CMC, for the sa ke of bre vity, de ci ded to for go his for mal pre sen -

ta tion on Rus sian na val de ployments in the Me di ter ra nean, in stead, re fer ring Perm Repsto his we ekly ope ra ti o nal re port to ob tain the in for ma tion. He de scri bed the de ploymentsas “very in te re sting” and “so met hing that hasn’t been seen in a very long whi le.”

AOB 16. (C/NF) D/SYG Bi sog ni e ro asked Perm Reps if the SYG co uld send a let ter to

Rus sian Pre si dent Pu tin in vi ting him to at tend the NA TO-Rus sia Co un cil at the Buc ha -rest Sum mit in April. The Perm Reps con cur red and the let ter will be sent via de par tingRus sian Am bas sa dor Tot skiy.

17. (C/NF) Dutch Perm Rep Scha per ra i sed the is sue of no i se pol lu tion in the Net -her lands ca u sed by the ta ke-off and lan dings of NA TO AWACS at NA TO Air Ba se Ge -i len kir chen, Ger many. Re i te ra ting the is su es ra i sed in his Ja nu ary 8 let ter to the SYG,Scha per un der sco red that the ne ga ti ve en vi ron men tal im pact ca u sed by the air craft is be -co ming a sig ni fi cant po li ti cal is sue in the Net her lands. The Net her lands Co un cil of Sta tehas re vo ked the Dutch go vern ment’s plan to cut down tre es in the vi ci nity of the air portrun way, as was re qu e sted by NA TO. In ad di tion, the Dutch Par li a ment had ex ten si ve de -ba te in its early De cem ber ses sion asking its go vern ment to re sol ve the is sue be fo reMarch 2008. Wit ho ut a re so lu tion, Scha per said, “Par li a ment co uld im po se flight re stric -ti ons on the AWACS when flying in Dutch air spa ce.” He ter med an in ter im NAP MO re -port on the pro blem “in suf fi ci ent” as it did not tho ro ughly exa mi ne the bu si ness ca se forswitching the AWACS en gi nes, as sti pu la ted in his let ter to the SYG. He re por ted that aDutch de le ga tion will vi sit the three Ame ri can en gi ne ma nu fac tu rers to gat her re le vant182

in for ma tion ne e ded for the bu si ness ca se mo del. He al so re qu e sted that the AWACS is -sue be di scus sed at the Vil ni us De fen se Mi ni ste rial in Fe bru ary.

18. (C/NF) D/SYG Bi sog ni e ro re spon ded that NAP MO will con ti nue to work withthe Dutch on this is sue, but no ted that NAP MO’s fi nal re port is not due un til March 2008.He al so said that the Pri va te Of fi ce will con si der the Dutch re qu est to di scuss the is sue atthe De fen se Mi ni ste rial in Vil ni us.

Ol son

LXIRe fe ren ce id: 08BE I RUT350Su bject: Le ba non: Uni i ic Com mis si o ner Vows To Le a ve No Sto ne Un tur ned – But

Ne eds U.s. As si stan ceOri gin: Em bassy Be i rut (Le ba non) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 7 Mar 2008 14:14 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec retSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2008/03/08BE I RUT350.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Fri, 22 Jul 2011 14:28 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on Thu,

1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTC (diff from ori gi nal) Mo di fied on Thu, 8 Sep 2011 13:29 UTC(diff from ori gi nal)

Me dia: http://www.al-ak hbar.com/no de/16545http://www.al-ak hbar.com/no de/16461http://www.al-ak hbar.com/no de/16546http://www.al-ak hbar.com/no de/16605http://www.al-ak hbar.com/no de/16606http://www.al-ak hbar.com/no de/16703Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO8705 OO RU EHBC RU EH DE RU EH KUK RU E HROV DE RU -

EHLB #0350/01 0671414 ZNY SSSSS ZZH O 071414Z MAR 08 FM AMEM BASSYBE I RUT TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC IM ME DI A TE 1237 IN FO RU E -HEE/ARAB LE A GUE COL LEC TI VE PRI O RITY RU E HROV/AMEM BASSY VA -TI CAN PRI O RITY 1107 RHMCSUU/FBI WAS HING TON DC PRI O RITY RU E AW -JA/DEPT OF JU STI CE WASHDC PRI O RITY RU E A TRS/DEPT OF TRE A SURYWASHDC PRI O RITY RHMFISS/HQ USE U COM VA I HIN GEN GE PRI O RITYRUCNDT/USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK PRI O RITY 2030 RU EH NO/USMIS -SION USNA TO PRI O RITY 2293 RHEHNSC/NS WASHDC PRI O RITY RHM-FISS/CDR US CENT COM MAC DILL AB FL PRI O RITY

Hi de he a der

Sec ret SIP DIS DEPT FOR NEA/FO, NEA/ELA, PRM/FO, INL/FO, IO/FO, L/FO, AND PM/FO

NSC FOR ABRAMS/SINGH/GA VI TO TRE A SURY FOR U/S LE VEY, DE PUTYSEC RE TARY KIM MITT JU STI CE FOR OIA DI REC TOR WAR LOW DEPT PASSTO EU MEM BER STA TES COL LEC TI VE E.O. 12958: DECL: 03/06/2019

Tags: PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons],183

PTER [Ter ro rists and Ter ro rism], PARM [Arms Con trols and Di sar ma ment], PI NR [In -tel li gen ce], PREF [Re fu ge es], MASS [Mi li tary As si stan ce and Sa les], SY [Syri a], IS [I -sra el], LE [Le ba non]

Ref: BE I RUT 166 BE I RUT 00000350 001.2 OF 003 Clas si fied By: Char ge d’Af fa i res a.i. Mic he le J. Si son for Re a sons: Sec tion 1.4 (b)

and (d).

Sum mary 1. (C) This is an ac tion re qu est. See pa ra graphs 13-14. 2. (C) UNI I IC Com mis si o ner and Pro se cu tor-De sig na te Da niel Bel le ma re is as de -

ter mi ned as ever to suc ceed in his mis sion, but warns that it will ta ke mo re ti me and re -so ur ces be fo re he will be able to is sue in dic tments. Bel le ma re, who is sche du led to pre -sent his next re port to the UN Se cu rity Co un cil on April 8, wo uld li ke to tra vel to Was -hing ton April 9 to me et with se ni or-le vel USG of fi ci als to di scuss USG as si stan ce. Endsum mary.

Fo cus, Sta mi na, and Help from the U.S.3. (C) The Char ge, ac com pa nied by Pol/Econ Chi ef, paid an in tro duc tory call on UN

In ter na ti o nal In de pen dent In ve sti ga tion Com mis sion (UNI I IC) Com mis si o ner and Pro -se cu tor-De sig na te Da niel Bel le ma re and UNI I IC in ve sti ga tor Stacy de la Tor re at UNI I -IC he a dqu ar ters on March 6. Bel le ma re re i te ra ted his pre vi o us mes sa ge that “fa i lu re wasnot an op tion,” sin ce it wo uld send a bad mes sa ge to ter ro rists in the re gion. To ac hi e vesuc cess UNI I IC, ho we ver, ne e ded to ke ep at it with fo cus, sta mi na, and the best pos si blere so ur ces, in clu ding help from the U.S.

4. (C) UNI I IC’s wor klo ad of 21 ca ses (the 2005 Ha ri ri as sas si na tion plus 20 ot hers)was a “mas si ve” in ve sti ga tion, he stres sed. UNI I IC is lo o king at si mi lar in ve sti ga ti ons,such as the FBI in ve sti ga tion in to the at tack on Kho bar to wers, to un der stand bet ter howto con duct its bu si ness and en list the co o pe ra tion of lo cal aut ho ri ti es and in the in ter na ti -o nal com mu nity.

Pri mary Need is In ve sti ga ti ve Le ads 5. (S) Stres sing that ti me is of the es sen ce, Bel le ma re re i te ra ted his ap peal for mem -

ber sta tes’ as si stan ce, both in terms of pro vi ding in tel li gen ce le ads and TDY ex perts onthe gro und. As Com mis si o ner, he ne eds in ve sti ga ti ve le ads pro vi ded thro ugh what UNI -I IC wo uld con si der “anonymo us” tips that wo uld al low him to de ve lop ad mis si ble evi -den ce that, on ce he dons his pro se cu tor hat, can be used to ma ke in dic tments.

6. (S) The in tel li gen ce com mu nity can pro vi de hints on whe re to lo ok, or whe re notto lo ok, he said, ci ting an ICTY exam ple whe re, fol lo wing a so ur ce’s tip that a cer tain vi -deo exi sted, the ICTY even tu ally was able to find this im por tant pi e ce of evi den ce. Forexam ple, Bel le ma re said, UNI I IC has sketches of po ten tial wit nes ses whom it will needto iden tify, but se cu rity re a sons pre vent it from mass di stri bu ting them. The U.S. co uldhelp by using its net work of in for mants to help iden tify the se pe o ple.

7. (C) I will “le a ve no sto ne un tur ned,” Bel le ma re vo wed, “but I need U.S. as si stan -ce. Ca sting the net to see what you catch is fi ne, but at so me po int you need to know whatyou are fis hing for.” Bel le ma re re i te ra ted that the ge ne ral “me nu” of types of as si stan cene e ded was an at tempt to ma ke it easy for mem ber sta tes to say yes. In terms of per son -nel, Bel le ma re said the U.S. co uld help most by pro vi ding ex pe ri en ced in ve sti ga tors to184

con duct “nor mal po li ce-style” in ter vi ews on the gro und in Le ba non. He of fe red to tra velto Was hing ton on April 9 to me et with USG of fi ci als, ad ding that me e tings with “high le -vel con tacts who can open do ors” wo uld be gre atly ap pre ci a ted.

For tress UNI I IC 8. (C) UNI I IC ope ra tes out of the Mon te ver de Ho tel in the hills out si de of Be i rut,

which is now used ex clu si vely for UNI I IC of fi ces and ac com mo da tion for UNI I IC per -son nel. The “for tress” is pro tec ted by 500 mi li tary per son nel in three pe ri me ters of de fen -se: UN se cu rity, In ter nal Se cu rity For ces (ISF), and Le ba ne se Ar med For ces (LAF). Bel -le ma re him self le a ves the com po und only when ne ces sary and sur ro un ded with a 50-ve -hic le mo tor ca de. Even his in ter na ti o nal tra vel is kept un der tight wraps and in vol ves theRoyal Ca na dian Mo un ted Po li ce (when in Ca na da) and ot her se cu rity de ta ils.

Ma na ging Ex pec ta ti ons on In dic tments9. (C) Sta ting that he was con fi dent UNI I IC “will re sol ve this, but it won’t be over -

night,” Bel le ma re stres sed the need to ma na ge ex pec ta ti ons on when the Tri bu nal wo uldbe able to is sue for mal in dic tments. Re pe a ting what he told us on Ja nu ary 31 (ref tel), Bel -le ma re said na mes of su spects will not be in his next re port but will only ap pe ar in the in -dic tments. UNI I IC ne e ded to be prag ma tic gi ven the chal len ging se cu rity en vi ron ment.Ho we ver the re port, his first, which he will pre sent to the UN Se cu rity Co un cil on April8, will dif fer in style and ap pro ach and be mo re di rect, he said, sen ding “cle ar sig nals interms of ex pec ta ti ons.”

10. (C) The Char ge asked abo ut re cent le aks that Hi zbal lah was in vol ved in at le astso me of the as sas si na ti ons. Bel le ma re, who al so had he ard the ru mors, said the in for ma -tion did not co me from UNI I IC. (No te: UNI I IC sent us a Ja nu ary 26, 2008 Strat for ar tic -le cla i ming Hi zbal lah car ried out the Ja nu ary 25 bom bing that kil led ISF Cap tain Wis -sam Eid, as well as the Ja nu ary 15 at tack aga inst a U.S. Em bassy ve hic le. End no te.

11. (C) Bel le ma re stres sed that UNI I IC’s in ve sti ga tion wo uld not be fi nis hed on Ju -ne 15 (when its man da te ex pi res), but he did not know yet how and when UNI I IC wo -uld evol ve in to the Tri bu nal. The Sec re tary Ge ne ral must con si der three things when de -ci ding when to be gin the Tri bu nal’s ope ra ti ons: fi nan ces (i.e., has the UN re ce i ved fun -ding for the first three years?), the po li ti cal cir cum stan ces, and the pro gress of the in ve -sti ga tion. It was best to avoid a long pe riod bet we en the ope ra ti o nal start-up and the firstin dic tment, Bel le ma re said, to avoid ha ving jud ges sit ting the re idly wa i ting.

12. (C) Bel le ma re furt her re cal led that in dic tments in the ICTY and ICC to ok twoyears, and the Okla ho ma bom bing in dic tments did not hap pen over night eit her, not tospe ak of the bom bing of the U.S. Ma ri ne bar racks. “We are not mi rac le wor kers,” Bel le -ma re, so the re sho uld be “no il lu si ons of im me di acy.” Ho we ver, the fact that the Tri bu -nal had been cre a ted de spi te the fact that the in ve sti ga ti ons we re not com ple te sent a po -li ti cal mes sa ge that the re wo uld be an end to im pu nity and that the pro cess was ir re ver -si ble. The qu e sti on now was not if but when the Tri bu nal wo uld get to the end re sults. “Idon’t be li e ve in the per fect cri me,” he said, “It’s just a mat ter of ti me.”

Ac tion Re qu est13. (C) Bel le ma re wo uld li ke to vi sit Was hing ton on April 9, the day af ter he pre -

sents his re port to the UN Se cu rity Co un cil. Post re qu ests De part ment sche du le (at a mi -185

ni mum) me e tings with NEA A/S Welch and IO A/S Sil ver berg. We al so strongly re com -mend a me e ting with the Sec re tary and/or De puty Sec re tary, if ava i la ble. Post re qu estsDe part ment al so sche du le me e tings with the NSC, FBI, and DEA (in ve sti ga tors) at thehig hest le vels ap pro pri a te/pos si ble. It wo uld al so be use ful for a mem ber of Di rec tor Mu -el ler’s de le ga tion to stop in Be i rut to me et with UNI I IC on the mar gins of Di rec tor Mu -el ler’s up co ming vi sit to Am man.

14. (S) On as si stan ce, we ur ge Was hing ton agen ci es to be for ward-le a ning in me e -ting UNI I IC’s re qu ests, espe ci ally in terms of pro vi ding in ve sti ga tors to con duct in ter vi -ews and in tel li gen ce-sha ring. End ac tion re qu est.

Si son

LXIIRe fe ren ce id: 08USUN NEWYORK294Su bject: Fifth Com mit tee Ap pro ves De ci sion Set ting New Sa lary For Icj, Icty And

Ic tr Jud gesOri gin: USUN New York (Uni ted Na ti ons) Ca ble ti me: Wed, 2 Apr 2008 21:29 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2008/04/08USUN NEWYORK294.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXYZ0002 OO RU EH WEB DE RUCNDT #0294/01 0932129 ZNY

CCCCC ZZH O 022129Z APR 08 FM USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK TO RU -EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC IM ME DI A TE 4031 IN FO RU EHXX/GE NE VA IO MIS -SI ONS COL LEC TI VE PRI O RITY

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DIS E.O. 12958: DECL: 04/02/2013 Tags: AORC [In ter na ti o nal Or ga ni za ti ons and Con fe ren ces], UUNR, UN GA/C-5

[UN Ge ne ral As sembly Adm and Bud get Com mit tee, UN Ge ne ral As sembly Fifth Com -mit te e]

Ref: A. IO-USUN 03/27/08 E-MAIL B. USUN 232 C. SEC STA TE 30035

1. (U) Mem bers of the Fifth Com mit tee (Ad mi ni stra ti ve and bud ge tary), in clu dingUSUN as in struc ted (ref a), for mally ap pro ved a de ci sion March 28 (full text – see pa ra10) to set the an nual net ba se sa lary of mem bers of the In ter na ti o nal Co urt of Ju sti ce (ICJ)and jud ges and ad li tem jud ges of the In ter na ti o nal Tri bu nal for the For mer Yugo sla via(ICTY) and In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Co urt for Rwan da (IC TR) at 158,000 Uni ted Sta tesdol lars plus cor re spon ding post adjust ment. The Ge ne ral As sembly is ex pec ted to adoptthis de ci sion so me ti me du ring the we ek of March 31. The Fifth Com mit tee al so ap pro -ved the re com men da ti ons of the Advi sory Com mit tee on Ad mi ni stra ti ve and Bud ge taryQu e sti ons (ACABQ) to re tain the exi sting stan dards of tra vel for ICJ jud ges and to ma -in tain the cur rent le vel of as sig nment grants af for ded ICJ jud ges. Ho we ver, Fifth Com -186

mit tee mem bers did not ta ke ac tion on pos si ble chan ges to the re ti re ment be ne fits pro vi -ded to ICJ mem bers, pen ding the Com mit tee’s re vi ew, ex pec ted in May, of a Sec re tary-Ge ne ral’s re port on pen si ons.

2. (U) The Fifth Com mit tee ap pro ved the draft de ci sion on jud ges’ sa la ri es March28, fol lo wing se ve ral lengthy and, at ti mes, con ten ti o us di scus si ons con cer ning re mu ne -ra tion for ICJ, ICTY and IC TR jud ges. The re spec ti ve re gi strars of the three co urts ap pe -a red se ve ral ti mes be fo re the Fifth Com mit tee to an swer Mem ber Sta tes’ qu e sti ons re gar -ding con di ti ons of ser vi ce for jud ges and to advo ca te paying the jud ges 170,500 USD peryear as pre vi o usly ap pro ved in 2005 by the Ge ne ral As sembly. Se lect mem bers of theEU, in par ti cu lar Ger many, co un te red that the GA had re vi sed the sa lary le vel for jud gesin re so lu tion 61/262, brin ging such payments in li ne with the com mon system by set tingan nual re mu ne ra tion per jud ge at 133,500 USD plus post adjust ment. Ho we ver, ta kingin to ac co unt the con cerns ex pres sed by the ICJ that pro ce e ding with the sa lary chan gesap pro ved in re so lu tion 61/262 wo uld cre a te ine qu i ti es among the jud ges, in pur por tedcon tra ven tion of the ICJ Sta tu te as cla i med by ICJ mem bers, the Ger man re pre sen ta ti ve,along with di scus sion co or di na tor To mas Mi ca nek (Czech Re pu blic) and re pre sen ta ti vesof Ja pan and so me G-77 mem bers, met in for mally with ICJ Re gi strar Phi lip pe Co u vre -ur March 14 out si de of the Fifth Com mit tee to con si der a pos si ble com pro mi se plan ba -sed on the fol lo wing ele ments: – in the fu tu re, a sa lary system for ICJ, ICTY and IC TRjud ges will con sist of a ba se li ne plus post adjust ment as aut ho ri zed by the Ge ne ral As -sembly in re so lu tion 61/262; – the jud ges’ sa lary of 133,500 U.S. dol lars cal led for in re -so lu tion 61/262 will be re vi sed to a to tal fi gu re ap pro xi ma ting 165,000 Euros (ba se sa -lary plus post adjust ment), but the for mu la of ba se li ne sa lary plus post adjust ment pre vi -o usly ap pro ved by the GA in 61/262 will be ma in ta i ned; – jud ges al ready ser ving on theco urts wo uld re ce i ve a one-ti me com pen sa tion payment (lump sum) to ba lan ce the ir re -du ced sa la ri es. No spe ci fic fi gu re was ci ted as to the amo unt of the one-ti me payment.

3. (SBU) In sub se qu ent Fifth Com mit tee di scus si ons, Ar gen ti na, on be half of the G-77, said G-77 mem bers sup por ted the no tion of equ a lity of sa la ri es for all jud ges, newand old ali ke. Se cond, as per the ICJ Sta tu te, Ar gen ti na said that G-77 mem bers felt the -re co uld be no dec re a se in the sa la ri es of cur rently ser ving jud ges. Third, gi ven the GA’sre cent ex pe ri en ce with Re so lu tion 61/262, the Ge ne ral As sembly sho uld not act if the ICJjud ges op po se the Fifth Com mit tee’s vi ews. Sin ga po re as ser ted that the G-77 wo uld notsup port any ar ran ge ment ot her than full equ a lity among all the jud ges.

4. (SBU) USUN/MR said the U.S. en dor sed brin ging the jud ges’ sa la ri es in ge ne ralcon for mity with the com mon system ap pro ach as de ci ded by the GA in Re so lu tion61/262 – na mely, a ba se sa lary plus post adjust ment. USUN/MR in di ca ted that the U.S.agreed with tho se who felt we sho uld not get in to the le gal is su es con cer ning equ a lity ofsa la ri es for jud ges. The prin ci pal mat ter be fo re the Fifth Com mit tee was a po licy one ofhow much the jud ges sho uld be paid. USUN/MR al so no ted that the pro po sal di scus sedwith the ICJ Re gi strar, ho we ver ten ta ti ve it might be, to pay the jud ges a “one-ti me lumpsum” ra i sed con cerns that me ri ted furt her di scus sion among Fifth Com mit tee mem bers.The pro po sed sa lary amo unt of 155,000-158,000 U.S. dol lars per jud ge al so was a mat -ter for furt her Com mit tee con si de ra tion, both in vi ew of the 133,000 USD le vel adop tedin 61/262 and in vi ew of the sa la ri es paid to un der sec re ta ri es-ge ne ral.

5. (SBU) With ti me in the Fifth Com mit tee’s first re su med ses sion run ning out, G-77 mem bers mo di fied the ir ne go ti a ting po si tion and ac cep ted the pro po sed com pro mi se

187

sa lary fi gu re of 158,000 USD for the jud ges plus post adjust ment, but NO lump-sum pay-ment. EU mem bers as well as Ja pan and mem bers of the CANZ (Ca na da, Austra lia, NewZe a land) al so com mit ted to pro ceed with this ap pro ach as the only vi a ble way for ward,sin ce ICJ Re gi strar Co u vre ur sub se qu ently advi sed the Fifth Com mit tee that the ICJ jud -ges wo uld be wil ling to ac cept this pro po sal. Con si stent with gu i dan ce to ke ep sa lary le -vels in the ge ne ral ran ge of that set in 61/262 and with a vi ew that the sa lary of the nexthig hest paid of fi cial in the Or ga ni za tion is set at 164,000 USD (i.e., the ad mi ni stra tor forUNDP, just be hind the D/SYG and SYG), the U.S. jo i ned con sen sus and agreed to sup -port the com pro mi se lan gu a ge con ta i ned in the draft de ci sion that was for mally ap pro -ved by the Fifth Com mit tee on March 28.

Re ten tion In cen ti ves6. (U) The re spec ti ve Chi efs of Ad mi ni stra tion of ICTY and IC TR we re pre sent for

the Fifth Com mit tee’s in for mal con sul ta ti ons on the pro po sals as outli ned in the SYG’sRe port (A/62/681) to of fer in cen ti ves to re tain the ser vi ces of ICTY and IC TR per son nelas each tri bu nal mo ves clo ser to com ple ting its man da ted tasks. Mem ber Sta tes we re inagre e ment on the im por tan ce of en co u ra ging both tri bu nals to of fer the ir re spec ti ve staffsnon-mo ne tary in cen ti ves to re main with the Co urts as long as pos si ble. ICTY‘s Chi ef ofAd mi ni stra tion no ted that both of the tri bu nals al ready we re im ple men ting me a su res,such as in-ho u se tra i ning wor kshops, per mis sion to se ek short-term as sig nments with ot -her UN bo di es, and as si stan ce in se cu ring on ward as sig nments, that we re de sig ned toease the con cerns of tri bu nal per son nel re gar ding the ir em ployment op por tu ni ti es on cethe tri bu nals com ple te the ir work.

7. (U) Vi ews among Mem ber Sta tes re gar ding the of fer of fi nan cial in cen ti ves to re -tain tri bu nal staff va ried. G-77 mem bers, as ar ti cu la ted by Ar gen ti na, ex pres sed sup portfor the pro po sal con ta i ned in the Sec re tary-Ge ne ral’s re port to of fer tri bu nal em ployeesone month’s ad di ti o nal sa lary for every full year wor ked. Alt ho ugh the SYG re port cap -ped such ad di ti o nal payments at 5 months’ sa lary, even for tho se who had wor ked for thetri bu nals mo re than fi ve years, Ar gen ti na said the G-77 sup por ted the no tion of of fe ringlong-ser ving em ployees up to 10 months’ sa lary as a re ten tion in cen ti ve. Ger many, on be -half of the Euro pean Union, so ught in for ma tion con cer ning the cost of ex ten ding con -tracts for cur rent per son nel to the end of each tri bu nal’s man da te, rat her than pay onemonth’s sa lary for each year wor ked. By con trast, both Ja pan and Rus sia op po sed pay-ment of any fi nan cial in cen ti ves, sin ce, as Rus sia po in ted out, such in cen ti ves we re not apart of the com mon system. Ja pan re i te ra ted its sup port for non-mo ne tary in cen ti ves, butru led out bo nus payments as pro po sed in the SYG’s re port. In light of con ti nued di sa gre -e ment among de le ga ti ons, the Fifth Com mit tee to ok no ac tion on the SYG’s pro po sal toof fer tri bu nal per son nel re ten tion in cen ti ves.

Jud ges’ Pen si ons8. (U) Con cer ning pos si ble mo di fi ca tion of exi sting re ti re ment be ne fits for ICJ,

ICTY and IC TR jud ges, San dra Ha ji-Ah med, Of fi cer-in-Char ge of Hu man Re so ur cesMa na ge ment, advi sed the Fifth Com mit tee that the Sec re ta ri at was po i sed to hi re a con -sul ting firm (Mer cer) to study pos si ble op ti ons pen sion sche mes, which will be re por tedto the Com mit tee du ring its se cond re su med ses sion in May. Fifth Com mit tee mem bersthe re fo re de ci ded to de fer con si de ra tion of this mat ter un til May. 188

Com ment 9. (C) The de ci sion brings the ap pro ach to de ter mi ning the sa la ri es of ICJ jud ges ge -

ne rally in to li ne with the com mon system (i.e., sa lary plus post adjust ment), to be adju -sted on a re gu lar and ob jec ti ve ba sis as with ot her par ti ci pants in the com mon system.This ap pro ach avo ids the sui ge ne ris ap pro ach to the se mat ters pre vi o usly fol lo wed. It al -so sho uld ob vi a te the prac ti ce of the Chi ef Jud ge and ot her jud ges on the ICJ from lob-bying Mem ber Sta tes on the se is su es. This prac ti ce has been cri ti ci zed by Mem ber Sta -tes be ca u se of the ap pa rent con flict of in te rest of jud ges lobbying Mem ber Sta tes that areor may be ap pe a ring in ca ses or mat ters be fo re the Co urt, alt ho ugh Mem ber Sta tes we rere luc tant to ra i se this is sue pu blicly. It was felt that the mat ter of sa la ri es of the jud ges sho -uld be left to the SYG, the Con trol ler and the Sec re ta ri at to ad dress with the GA in a re -gu lar man ner, with the Chi ef Jud ge par ti ci pa ting only in a for mal man ner in pre sen ta ti -ons to the Com mit tee. Ha ving re sol ved the is sue of sa la ri es, this con flict of in te rest con -cern sho uld not again ari se in that con text. Ho we ver, the re is a risk that this is sue of ap -pa rent con flict may ari se in con nec tion with the out stan ding is sue of pen si ons. USUN ur -ges the De part ment to con si der how to deal with the is sue if it do es ari se in that or ot hercon texts. End com ment.

10. (U) Text of draft de ci sion ap pro ved March 28 by the Fifth Com mit tee: Be gintext: Draft De ci sion Sub mit ted by the Vi ce-Cha ir man fol lo wing In for mal Con sul ta ti onsThe Ge ne ral As sembly, ha ving con si de red the re port of the Sec re tary-Ge ne ral (A/62/538and Add. I) and the re la ted re port of the Advi sory Com mit tee on Ad mi ni stra ti ve andBud ge tary Qu e sti ons (A/62/7/Add.36): a) en dor ses the con clu si ons and re com men da ti -ons of the Advi sory Com mit tee on Ad mi ni stra ti ve and Bud ge tary Qu e sti ons as con ta i nedin pa ra graphs 8 and 9 of its re port; b) De ci des to set, ef fec ti ve 1 April 2008, the an nualnet ba se sa lary of the mem bers of the In ter na ti o nal Co urt of Ju sti ce and jud ges and ad li -tem jud ges of the In ter na ti o nal Tri bu nal for the For mer Yugo sla via and the In ter na ti o nalCri mi nal Tri bu nal for Rwan da at 158,000 Uni ted Sta tes dol lars, with a cor re spon dingpost adjust ment mul ti pli er equ al to 1 per cent of the net ba se sa lary, to which wo uld beap plied the post adjust ment mul ti pli er for the Net her lands or the Uni ted Re pu blic of Tan -za nia, as ap pro pri a te, ta king in to ac co unt the adjust ment mec ha nism as pro po sed by theSec re tary-Ge ne ral in pa ra graph 77 of his re port; c) re calls pa ra graph 11 of its re so lu tion61/262 of 4 April 2007, and de ci des to re vert to the is sue of the pen sion sche me du ringthe se cond part of its re su med sixty-se cond ses sion. End text.

Kha lil zad

LXIIIRe fe ren ce id: 08USNA TO130Su bject: Re a do ut Of North Atlan tic Co un cil Me e ting – April 9, 2008Ori gin: Mis sion USNA TO (North Atlan tic Tre aty Or ga ni za tion) Ca ble ti me: Mon, 14 Apr 2008 05:20 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec ret//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2008/04/08USNA TO130.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments

189

VZCZCXRO7003 OO RU EHFL RU E HLA RU E HMRE RU E HROV DE RU EH -NO #0130/01 1050520 ZNY SSSSS ZZH O 140520Z APR 08 FM USMIS SIONUSNA TO TO RU EKJCS/SEC DEF WAS HING TON DC IM ME DI A TE RU EHC/SEC -STA TE WASHDC IM ME DI A TE 1783 IN FO RU EHZG/NA TO EU COL LEC TI VEPRI O RITY RUC NOSC/ORG FOR SE CU RITY CO OP IN EUR COL LEC TI VE PRI -O RITY RU E HAK/AMEM BASSY AN KA RA PRI O RITY 0536 RU EHTH/AMEM -BASSY AT HENS PRI O RITY 0202 RU EHGB/AMEM BASSY BAG HDAD PRI O -RITY 0513 RU E HRL/AMEM BASSY BER LIN PRI O RITY 0701 RU EHCP/AMEM -BASSY CO PEN HA GEN PRI O RITY 0566 RU E HIL/AMEM BASSY ISLA MA BADPRI O RITY 0488 RU EH BUL/AMEM BASSY KA BUL PRI O RITY 0886 RU E -HLI/AMEM BASSY LIS BON PRI O RITY 0484 RU EHLJ/AMEM BASSY LJU BLJA -NA PRI O RITY 1176 RU E HLO/AMEM BASSY LON DON PRI O RITY 0386 RU -EHMD/AMEM BASSY MA DRID PRI O RITY 0779 RU EH FR/AMEM BASSY PA -RIS PRI O RITY 0484 RU E HRO/AMEM BASSY RO ME PRI O RITY 0724 RUC-NDT/USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK PRI O RITY 0624

Hi de he a der

Sec ret SIP DIS NO FORN E.O. 12958: DECL: 04/10/2018 Tags: NA TO [North Atlan tic Tre aty Or ga ni za ti on], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti -

ons], AF [Afg ha ni stan] Clas si fied By: Char ge Wal ter S. Reid for re a sons 4.1 (b) and (d)

1. (C) Sum mary from the NAC Me e ting: – Afg ha ni stan: The NA TO IS was ta skedto lay out how ISAF’s &in ter nal plan8 agreed at Buc ha rest will be im ple men ted. Cha ir -man of the Mi li tary Com mit tee (CMC) Ge ne ral He na ult an no un ced the ope ning of aBor der Co or di na tion Cen ter in Nan gar har. SHA PE an ti ci pa ted a gra dual in cre a se in thepre sen ce of enemy fig hters and at tacks over the 2008 fig hting se a son. The Ca na dianPerm Rep cal led for a di scus sion on re con ci li a tion is su es in Afg ha ni stan. The UK Perm -Rep said poppy era di ca tion was off to a slo wer start this year com pa red to last, tho ughthe GI RoA had tar ge ted so me for merly &un to uc ha ble8 high-le vel tar gets this year. Lit -hu a nia an no un ced a 50,000-euro con tri bu tion to ISAF’s Post Ope ra ti ons Hu ma ni ta rianRe li ef Fund, and Den mark re qu e sted a tally from NA TO of new ISAF for ce of fers atBuc ha rest, and the re sul ting sta tus of the Com bi ned Jo int Sta te ment of Re qu i re ments(CJSOR). – Bal kans: Sec re tary Ge ne ral de Ho op Schef fer hig hlig hted the ur gency ofUN MIK-EU co or di na tion fol lo wing adop tion of Ko so vo Con sti tu tion, and sta ted that hewill di scuss and is sue an Ini ti a ting Di rec ti ve to al low na ti o nal mi li tary aut ho ri ti es to de -ve lop a re vi sed Bal kans Ope ra ti o nal Plan. – Afri ca ) Sup port to the AU: SYG in for medCo un cil abo ut his me e ting with AU Com mis si o ner Jean Ping when they di scus sed AU’sre qu est for NA TO’s as si stan ce to the Afri can Standby For ce. – Iraq: The SYG re min dedPerm Reps of PM Ma li ki’s vi sit to NA TO next we ek, in which he will gi ve his as ses smentof the NA TO Tra i ning Mis sion-Iraq (NTM-I) and his per spec ti ve on the fu tu re of Iraq’sen ga ge ment with NA TO. The CMC no ted that du ring the last two we eks, the re has beena sig ni fi cant in cre a se in the num ber of at tacks on Co a li tion For ces in Bag hdad in re ac -tion to the GOI ope ra ti ons in Ba sra. – CMX ‘08: The Di rec tor of NA TO’s Cri sis Exer ci -sing and Ma na ge ment System bri e fed the NAC on the NA TO Cri sis Ma na ge ment Exer -190

ci se 2008 (CMX-08), NA TO’s an nual po li ti cal-mi li tary exer ci se in vol ving NA TO He a -dqu ar ters (IS/IMS), ACO, ACT, and the 26 al lied ca pi tals. UNDPKO, UNOC HA, UN -HCR, OSCE, and EU ha ve been in vi ted as ob ser vers. – Up da te on HQ Ma na ge ment Is -su es: The A/SYG for Exe cu ti ve Ma na ge ment (EM) bri e fed Perm Reps on a wi de ran geof ma na ge ment is su es cur rently un der di scus sion in the Ci vil Bud get Com mit tee (CBC),in clu ding the fra gi le sta te of the cur rent bu il ding’s in fra struc tu re, the on go ing “se lec ti vere fit” aimed at im pro ving pu blic/vi si tor are as in the pre sent bu il ding, the need for ex pan -ded spa ce fol lo wing the mem ber ship in vi ta tion is sued to at le ast two new al li es du ringthe Buc ha rest Sum mit, the on go ing ef fort to re vi ta li ze the HQ in for ma tion tec hno logy(IT) in fra struc tu re, HQ re form and is su es re la ted to tran si ti o ning to a new NA TO HQ bu -il ding. Se ve ral na ti ons we ig hed in on the bud get im pli ca ti ons the se is su es might ha ve. –Sta te ments on Po li ti cal Su bject:s: The Ita lian De puty Perm Rep pro vi ded a re a do ut of re -cent di scus si ons at the Uni ted Na ti ons on pe a ce ke e ping ope ra ti ons. – AOB: DCM Ol sonre mar ked on the adop tion of tra vel re stric ti ons on Ira nian of fi ci als due to Iran’s con ti nuedvi o la tion of pri or UNSC re so lu ti ons re gar ding nuc le ar pro li fe ra tion. End Sum mary.

2. (C) Afg ha ni stan: The SYG sta ted that now that He ads of Sta te and Go vern menthad en dor sed NA TO’s in ter nal, clas si fied &Com pre hen si ve Stra te gic Po li ti cal-Mi li taryPlan,8 he had ta sked A/SYG for Ope ra ti ons Mar tin Ho ward with pro po sing a way aheadto im ple ment the ac ti ons outli ned in the plan. Ho ward will re port to Perm Reps &in shortor der.8 The SYG al so lo o ked for ward to the April 16 NAC with UN SRSG Kai Eide,which will be in ISAF for mat.

3. (C) CMC Ge ne ral He na ult bri e fed on the March 29 esta blis hment of a Bor der Co -or di na tion Cen ter (BCC) along the Afg ha ni stan-Pa ki stan bor der at Camp Tork ham, Nan -gar har pro vin ce, ne ar the Khyber Pass. A se cond BCC is sche du led to be esta blis hed ne -ar Lwa ra, Pak ti ka pro vin ce, in la te sum mer. CMC He na ult sta ted that ul ti ma tely the rewill be a to tal of six RC-E BCCs, three on the Afg ha ni stan si de of the bor der and threeon the Pa ki stan si de. Cal ling the BCCs a &de ci si ve step for ward,8 and a tan gi ble de li ve -ra ble from the Tri par ti te Com mis sion, he bri e fed that the in tent of the BCCs is to esta -blish, at the tac ti cal le vel, a fo rum for the daily li a i son and co or di na tion bet we en RC East,the ANSF, PAK MIL and the Pa ki stan Fron ti er Corps. BCCs will al so work clo sely withthe Jo int In tel li gen ce Ope ra ti ons Cen ter at ISAF HQ, which is jo intly man ned by Afg -han, Pa ki sta ni and ISAF per son nel.

4. (S) SHA PE De puty Chi ef of Staff for Ope ra ti ons MG Wright no ted that the se a -so nal in fil tra tion of hard co re fig hters from Pa ki stan in to Afg ha ni stan is un der way, tho ughSHA PE in tel li gen ce as ses sments ex pect the mo ve ment to be mo re gra dual than in yearspast. SHA PE an ti ci pa tes the 2008 fig hting se a son for Op po sing Mi li tant For ces (OMF)to be gin slowly and gra du ally in cre a se, with con ti nued emp ha sis on small-sca le di rectand in di rect at tacks, and the use of lar ge-sca le ope ra ti ons ex clu si vely aga inst iso la ted, po -orly pro tec ted Dis trict Cen ters and iso la ted, we ak Afg han Na ti o nal Se cu rity For ces. InRC-S, it is as ses sed the OMF will at tempt to ex pand the ir in flu en ce in Pas htun are as withlow ISAF and ANSF pre sen ce, the Ha qa ni net work will con ti nue to po se a thre at in RC-E and se ek to thre a ten RC-Ca pi tal, whi le the OMF will se ek to ex plo it op por tu ni ti es inPas htun poc kets of RC-N and RC-W. On Pa ki stan, MG Wright no ted that it is too earlyto jud ge the ef fect of the new go vern ment’s po li ci es on ISAF and the PAK MIL, but cur -rent as ses sments in di ca te the go vern ment is mo ving away from the use of mi li tary for cein the bor der re gi ons, and that the Pa ki sta ni Ta li ban has ta ken a hard bar ga i ning po si tion

191

in re spon se to ini tial en tre a ti es from the go vern ment for talks. MG Wright bri e fed that the24th Ma ri ne Ex pe di ti o nary Unit has re ac hed full ope ra ti o nal ca pa city, and its first taskwill be to esta blish a com pany-si zed FOB at Camp Rhi no on the Kan da har-Hel mand bor -der by April 20.

5. (C) In the fol lo wing di scus sion pe riod, Ca na dian Perm Rep McRae, ci ting a re -cent up da te from the NA TO SCR cir cu la ted to Perm Reps, sta ted he wo uld li ke SCR Joc -hems to bri ef the NAC on the sta tus of Afg han-led re con ci li a tion ef forts, to in clu de Na -ti o nal Front talks with the Ta li ban and the ro le of the PTS pro gram. The SYG said he wo -uld pass along the mes sa ge, as Joc hems wo uld bri ef the NAC via DVC in the co mingwe eks.

6. (C) UK Perm Rep El don ga ve a qu ick era di ca tion up da te, ci ting that 6,000 hec -ta res of poppy had been era di ca ted thus far, but that ba sed on whe re we are in the gro -wing se a son, which star ted la ter this year, era di ca tion num bers are com pa rably wor sethus far than they we re in 2007. He no ted re ports of sig ni fi cant Go ver nor-led era di ca -tion in Nan gar har and Kan da har pro vin ces, but the UNODC has been una ble to ve rifyfi gu res thus far. He did sta te that for the first ti me, ex-Hel mand po li ce chi ef Ha ji Ab dulRah man’s ex ten si ve fi elds we re era di ca ted, co sting him ap pro xi ma tely 20% of his crop,and spe cu la ted that so me of the re cent at tacks on the Poppy Era di ca tion For ce ha ve re -sul ted from the Afg han go vern ment fi nally bre a king this &bub ble of im pu nity8 aro undso me key fi gu res.

7. (C) Lit hu a nian Perm Rep Lin ke vi ci us an no un ced a 50,000-euro con tri bu tion toISAF’s Post Ope ra ti ons Hu ma ni ta rian Re li ef Fund.

8. (C) Da nish Perm Rep Po ul sen-Han sen asked that the NA TO In ter na ti o nal Mi li -tary Staff and In ter na ti o nal Staff pro vi de a con so li da ted sum mary of all ISAF for ce con -tri bu ti ons ma de at Buc ha rest. The SYG ad mit ted that tallying new con tri bu ti ons, ver susold con tri bu ti ons simply con fir med at Buc ha rest, and which con tri bu ti ons ap plied to theCJSOR and which did not had been dif fi cult, and CMC He na ult sta ted that NA TO mi li -tary aut ho ri ti es we re wor king on a con so li da ted list that wo uld show new con tri bu ti ons,as well as the sta tus of ISAF’s CJSOR post-Buc ha rest.

9. (C) Bal kans: The SYG no ted that Ko so vo’s draft con sti tu tion, adop ted by the con -sti tu ti o nal com mis sion in Pri sti na, was cer ti fied by In ter na ti o nal Ci vi lian Re pre sen ta ti vePe ter Fe ith on April 2 as in com pli an ce with the Com pre hen si ve Pro po sal for the Ko so -vo sta tus set tle ment. Ko so vo aut ho ri ti es sig ned the do cu ment which was now be ing con -si de red by the Ko so vo As sembly for its ra ti fi ca tion with an en try in to for ce sche du led forJu ne 15. In this re gard, the SYG stres sed the ur gency for en su ring ade qu a te pre pa ra ti onsfor the up co ming tran si tion bet we en UN MIK and the EULEX Mis si ons, a the me he un -der sco red to U.N. SYG Ban-Ki Moon du ring the ir bi la te ral in Buc ha rest. The SYG al sono ted for the Co un cil that ICTY’s not gu ilty ver dict of the for mer Ko so vo Pri me Mi ni -ster Ha ra di naj co uld ha ve a po ten tial im pact on po li tics in Ko so vo, par ti cu larly upon there turn of the lat ter to Pri sti na. The SYG no ted that the next me e ting of the In ter na ti o nalSte e ring Gro up will ta ke pla ce in Vi en na on April 17 and that DA/SYG for Ope ra ti ons,Ja mes Par dew, will re pre sent NA TO at this me e ting. Lastly, the SYG in for med the Co -un cil that he will is sue the NAC Ini ti a ting Di rec ti ve which will pro vi de NA TO’s na ti o nalmi li tary aut ho ri ti es with the ne ces sary gu i dan ce to de ve lop the 3rd re vi sion of the Bal -kans Jo int Ope ra ti ons Plan to be en dor sed by the Mi li tary Com mit tee and ap pro ved bythe NAC no la ter than 90 days af ter the is su an ce of this di rec ti ve. The SYG in tends to192

first ha ve an in for mal di scus sion on this di rec ti ve with Perm Reps next we ek pri or to se -e king the ir ap pro val.

10. (C) Ge ne ral Li Gob bi from IMS pro vi ded a si tu a ti o nal up da te in Ko so vo, in for -ming that re cent vi sits to Ko so vo by Ser bian po li ti ci ans such as SRS le a der, To mi slav Ni -ko lic, ha ve drawn lar ge crowds in the Ser bian en cla ves, but so far ha ve not in ci ted vi o -len ce. Li ke wi se, the an no un ce ment of the Ha ra di naj ver dict led to ce le bra ti ons from Ko -so vo Al ba ni ans in the we stern re gion. KFOR con ti nu es to ha ve an in cre a sed ope ra ti o naltem po and that the Ger man ORF Bat ta lion, ha ving just com ple ted ope ra ti o nal re he ar salsin Ko so vo, will stay in Ko so vo un til the end of May, past the Ser bian elec ti ons on May11. On April 4, COMK FOR ad ded the Co urt ho u se in nort hern Mi tro vi ca to the KFORlist of Pro per ti es De sig na ted with Spe cial Sta tus (PrDSS) and, as a re sult, will ena bleCOMK FOR to en su re that ade qu a te pro tec tion is pro vi ded in clu ding de sig na ting an ex -clu si on zo ne aro und the co urt ho u se in the event of furt her vi o len ce. In re spon se to a Po -lish qu e sti on, Li Gob bi said that UN MIK con ti nu es to se cu re the co urt ho u se, but KFORma in ta ins a vi si ble pre sen ce.

11. (C/NF) Slo ve nia in for med the Co un cil of the re sults from the March 28-29 me -e ting of EU Fo re ign Mi ni sters, which was no ta ble for the at ten dan ce of Ser bian Fo re ignMi ni ster Je re mic and Ko so vo Pri me Mi ni ster Tha ci. Bel gi um, hig hlig hting the SYG’scon cern re gar ding synchro ni za tion of the in ter na ti o nal ac tors on Ko so vo, re qu e sted toknow if it was pos si ble for all three or ga ni za ti ons – UN, EU, and NA TO – to start ha vingan in ten si fied di a lo gue re gar ding the tran si tion and, if so, how co uld that be ac com plis -hed. The UK, whi le sup por ti ve of the idea, ca u ti o ned that Al li es need to think ca re fullybe fo re hand in or der to ac hi e ve what we want from the co or di na tion. Whi le Spain no tedge ne ral sup port for the Bel gian idea, and to ward re ce i ving the NAC Ini ti a ting Di rec ti ve,the Spa nish Perm Rep no ted the im por tan ce of mo ni to ring the de ba te in New York overUN MIK’s fu tu re. He then in qu i red as to KFOR’s ro le re gar ding a re cent re vi sion of plan -ning for a KFOR frag men tary ope ra ti o nal or der (FRA GO) on de ter ring &ci vil di so be di -en ce,8 sta ting that the NAC ne eds to be kept in for med of any chan ge to KFOR’s man -da te. Ge ne ral Li Gob bi re spon ded by saying that KFOR has a ro le in sup port of this mis -sion in ac cor dan ce with its man da te and pro mi sed to ke ep NA TO’s mi li tary aut ho ri ti espro perly in for med. The SYG con clu ded by re spon ding to the Bel gian pro po sal no ting thedif fi cul ti es of get ting the three bo di es to get her to di scuss Ko so vo, but that he ho ped Ge -ne ral De Ker ma bon wo uld be able to bri ef the PSC next we ek on how the EULEX mis -sion will tran si tion in to Ko so vo. The SYG al so hig hlig hted that the emp ha sis on tran si -tion and any re con fi gu ra tion of UN MIK ne eds to be di scus sed in New York, and that cur -rently the re is no agre e ment on the Se cu rity Co un cil re gar ding what co ur se to fol low.

12. (C) Afri ca ) Sup port to the AU: SYG in for med Co un cil abo ut his me e ting Mon -day with AU Com mis si o ner Jean Ping. Ping stres sed the de si re by the AU to de e pen re -la ti ons with NA TO, and he re i te ra ted the AU’s re qu est for NA TO’s as si stan ce to the Afri -can Standby For ce.

13. (C) Iraq: The SYG re min ded Perm Reps of PM Ma li ki’s vi sit to NA TO next we -ek, saying that the PM wo uld gi ve his as ses sment of the NA TO Tra i ning Mis sion-Iraq(NTM-I), as well as his per spec ti ve on the fu tu re of Iraq’s en ga ge ment with NA TO.

14. (C) The CMC no ted that du ring the last two we eks, the re has been a sig ni fi cantin cre a se in the num ber of at tacks on Co a li tion For ces in Bag hdad, espe ci ally in the Sa drCity and New Bag hdad ne ig hbor ho ods, a re ac tion to the GOI ope ra ti ons in Ba sra. Fifty-

193

fo ur of the at tacks tar ge ted fa ci li ti es used, or fre qu en ted by NTM-I per son nel. One NA -TO sol di er – a Hun ga rian – was slightly in ju red du ring the at tacks and re tur ned to workthe sa me day. The se at tacks ha ve not had any im pact on NTM-I tra i ning.

15. (C) CMX ‘08: Mr. Ilay Fer ri er, Head, Cri sis Exer ci sing and Ma na ge mentSystem to bri e fed NAC on the NA TO Cri sis Ma na ge ment Exer ci se 2008 (CMX-08) tobe held 16-22 April. CMX is an an nual po li ti cal-mi li tary exer ci se in vol ving NA TO He -a dqu ar ters (IS/IMS), ACO, ACT, and the 26 al lied ca pi tals. NA TO part ners Ar me nia,Austria, Azer ba i jan, Cro a tia, Fin land, Ge or gia, Ire land, Israel, Mo roc co, Swe den, Swit -zer land, Ma ce do nia, and Ukra i ne are in vi ted to par ti ci pa te. UNDPKO, UNOC HA, UN -HCR, OSCE, and EU are in vi ted as ob ser vers. The pur po se of the exer ci se is to prac ti ceNA TO’s Cri sis Ma na ge ment pro ce du res and to test NA TO’s abi lity to re spond to a de ve -lo ping cri sis.

16. (SBU) The CMX-08 area of ope ra ti ons in clu des a fic ti ti o us island in the In dianOcean. Key ca talysts for pos si ble NA TO as si stan ce / in ter ven tion in clu de the bre ak downof in ter nal se cu rity, ten si ons with ne ig hbo ring sta tes, hu ma ni ta rian and IDP pro blems,and an emer ging CBR and ter ror thre at to the in ter na ti o nal pre sen ce.

17. (SBU) As part of the exer ci se sce na rio, the re will be a fic ti ti o us UN in vi ta tion toNA TO to con duct non-Ar tic le 5 Cri sis Re spon se Ope ra tion un der a UN man da te aimedat en han cing sta bi lity and re gi o nal se cu rity.

18. (C) Fran ce, com men ting on the sce na rio, un der li ned that NA TO co uld not de -ploy wit ho ut an ad di ti o nal UN SCR and qu e sti o ned the ex ten si ve list of part ners plan nedfor in vol ve ment in the exer ci se, in clu ding the in cor po ra tion on non-EAPC part ners. (No -te: the two new part ners are from the Me di ter ra nean Di a lo gue: Israel and Mo roc co. Wepre su me Fran ce is al lu ding to a re luc tan ce to in clu de Israel in this exer ci se plan ning, eventho ugh Fran ce al ready agreed to all the part ners, in clu sion in ear li er plan ning con fe ren -ces. End No te.) The Net her lands sug ge sted NA TO’s man da te co uld be ba sed on a mo refle xi ble fo un da tion and asked whet her the sce na rio ad dres sed an in vi ta tion by the fic ti ti -o us host co un try, which an exer ci se co or di na tor la ter con fir med the sce na rio wo uld ha vethe host co un try pro vi de.

19. (C) Up da te on HQ Ma na ge ment Is su es: The A/SYG for Exe cu ti ve Ma na ge ment(EM), Do ug Dempster, bri e fed Perm Reps on a wi de ran ge of ma na ge ment is su es cur -rently un der di scus sion in the Ci vil Bud get Com mit tee (CBC). His pur po se was to ma -ke Perm Reps awa re of the se is su es early. The CBC will di scuss the sa me is su es next we -ek at an away day. The NAC will ta ke them up again next month, in an in for mal set ting,as it con si ders the 2009 – 2013 Me di um Term Fi nan cial Plan (MTFP). To pics co ve redin clu de the fra gi le sta te of the cur rent bu il ding’s in fra struc tu re (evi den ced by lar ge por ti -ons of ro of that blew off the Nor we gi an De le ga tion’s spa ce in March), the on go ing “se -lec ti ve re fit” aimed at im pro ving pu blic/vi si tor are as in the pre sent bu il ding, the need forex pan ded spa ce fol lo wing the mem ber ship in vi ta tion is sued to at le ast two new al li es du -ring the Buc ha rest Sum mit, the on go ing ef fort to re vi ta li ze the HQ in for ma tion tec hno -logy (IT) in fra struc tu re, HQ re form (in clu ding hu man re so ur ce ma na ge ment im pro ve -ments) and is su es re la ted to tran si ti o ning to a new NA TO HQ bu il ding. For the 2009 –2013 MTFP, A/SYG Dempster iden ti fied “push” (im me di a te im pact) and “pull” (fu tu reim pact of is su es al ready on the ho ri zon) fac tors that may in flu en ce the MTFP. Whi le hedid not sta te so ex pli citly, A/SYG Dempster’s im pli ca tion was that the bud gets will ha veto be re con si de red. Se ve ral na ti ons, in clu ding Fran ce and Ger many, cal led for strict in ter -194

pre ta tion of NA TO’s ze ro real growth po licy. Ot her na ti ons, in clu ding the Uni ted Sta tes,Ca na da and The Net her lands, ac cep ted the con cept of ze ro real growth, but emp ha si zedthe need for fle xi bi lity to re spond to is su es as they ari se.

20. (C) Sta te ments on Po li ti cal Su bject:s: The Ita lian De puty Perm Rep pro vi ded are a do ut of re cent di scus si ons at the Uni ted Na ti ons on pe a ce ke e ping ope ra ti ons. He no -ted the de li very of re ports on the suc cess of san cti ons aga inst North Ko rea and on the pro -gress ma de by UNA MIG, which will be di scus sed on Mon day with an eye to wards re -ne wing its man da te. It was al so emp ha si zed that UNA FIL has al so re cently been an im -por tant to pic of di scus sion at the UN.

21. (C) AOB: DCM Ol son re mar ked on the adop tion of tra vel re stric ti ons on Ira nianof fi ci als due to Iran’s con ti nued vi o la tion of pri or UNSC re so lu ti ons re gar ding nuc le arpro li fe ra tion. He ur ged Al li es to re main vi gi lant to the de fac to tra vel ban on se lec ted in -di vi du als.

Reid

LXIVRe fe ren ce id: 08BEL GRA DE452Su bject: Ser bia: If The Ra di cals WinOri gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Wed, 7 May 2008 13:37 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2008/05/08BEL GRA DE452.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO7448 RR RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU E HROV RU EH SR

DE RU EHBW #0452/01 1281337 ZNY CCCCC ZZH R 071337Z MAY 08 FMAMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC 0258 IN FO RU -EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE RU EHBW/AMEM BASSY BEL -GRA DE 0367

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialE.O. 12958: DECL: 5/7/2018 Tags: PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons],

PHUM [Hu man Rights], Tags:, SR [Ser bi a] Clas si fied By: Jen ni fer Brush, DCM, Em bassy Bel gra de, Sta te. RE A SON: 1.4 (b), (d)

Sum mary 1. (SBU) A vic tory of the war cri mes in dic tee Vo ji slav Se selj-led Ser bian Ra di cal

Party (SRS) in the May 11 par li a men tary elec ti ons wo uld bring to po wer a le a der shipwith no in ter na ti o nal ex pe ri en ce and lit tle com mon gro und on the U.S. or EU pri o ri ti esfor de moc ra tic and eco no mic de ve lop ment in re gion. A Ra di cal-led go vern ment wo uldfight for Ko so vo, fight cor rup tion, op po se pri va ti za tion and eco no mic re form, fight we -stern in flu en ce in re gi o nal af fa irs, and esta blish clo ser ti es with Rus sia. Co o pe ra tion with

195

the in ter na ti o nal war cri mes tri bu nal wo uld stop and, with it, for mal pro gress to ward Ser -bia’s mem ber ship in the Euro pean Union. Go vern ment sup port for hu man rights and ot -her ci vil so ci ety con cerns wo uld dec li ne or di sap pe ar. Gi ven the re ac ti o nary na tu re of aRa di cal go vern ment, pu blic sup port might be short-li ved. De moc ra tic Party in si ders sug -gest that Pre si dent Ta dic might re fu se to ap pro ve a Ra di cal go vern ment list and wo uld inshort or der call for new elec ti ons, with the ho pe of mo bi li zing a gre a ter de moc ra tic tur -no ut, in re ac tion to what they wo uld bill as a brush with di sa ster. End Sum mary.

Po pu list Plat form 2. (SBU) Ser bia’s May 11 par li a men tary elec ti ons are too clo se to call, but the most

re cent and re li a ble pol ling da ta ava i la ble to the Em bassy puts the Ra di cal Party less thantwo per cen ta ge po ints ahead of Pre si dent Ta dic’s “For a Euro pean Ser bia” co a li tion. Whi -le SRS lo cal le a der To mi slav Ni ko lic (Se selj, the party le a der runs the party in ab sen tiafrom a jail cell in the Ha gue) has in vi ted Pri me Mi ni ster Ko stu ni ca to dec la re his party’sco a li tion in te rests, ne it her the PM nor any ot her ma jor party le a der has do ne so, pre su -mably for fe ar of lo sing vo tes of tho se on the po li ti cal ex tre mes of the ir re spec ti ve par ti -es. In any event, Em bassy, and most lo cal po li ti cal analysts, be li e ves DSS sup port wo uldbe es sen tial and might be suf fi ci ent for SRS to ac hi e ve a par li a men tary ma jo rity to forma go vern ment.

3. (SBU) SRS cam pa ign li te ra tu re and spe ec hes re flect a plat form that ad dres sesbread-and-but ter is su es of Ser bia’s mid dle and lo wer eco no mic stra ta. The prin ci palplanks are: – Ke e ping Ko so vo; – Eli mi na ting of fi cial cor rup tion and cri me; – Re tur ningto a he a vily sub si di zed eco nomy and re du cing unem ployment; – Ad dres sing pri va ti za -tion of Ser bia’s pu blic as sets; – Ma king pri va te ho u sing af for da ble; – De ve lo ping/pri o ri -ti zing the agri cul tu ral sec tor thro ugh the de ve lop ment of co o pe ra ti ves and an agri cul tu ralbank; – Pen sion re form; – Free he al thca re; and – Free edu ca tion. The SRS plat form hasre ma i ned con stant whi le the party has been in op po si tion, and has suc cessfully won theparty the lar gest sha re of se ats in Par li a ment, cur rently with 82 of 250.

A Ra di cal Go vern ment4. (SBU) In for ming a go vern ment, the SRS le a der ship wo uld fa ce two sig ni fi cant

hur dles: a party pre si dent le a ding from a pri son cell and lack of ta lent and ex pe ri en ce.Bra ca Gru ba cic, the edi tor of the wi dely-di stri bu ted VIP En glish lan gu a ge news di gest,told po loff on May 5 that staf fing the mi ni stri es wo uld be a chal len ge, with no mo re than30 or 40 SRS mem bers ca pa ble of ser ving in go vern ment. Gru ba cic said that Se selj stillin flu en ced the party, plan ned to re turn to Ser bia, and wo uld try to rec la im the party pre -si dency. Se selj, Gru ba cic said, wo uld try to block Ni ko lic from be co ming Pri me Mi ni -ster and in sist, in stead, that SRS ce de the post to Ko stu ni ca, in ex chan ge for DSS sup -port. Ni ko lic wo uld pre su mably ser ve as De puty PM.

Even War Cri mi nals Can’t Get along 5. (C) In a Fe bru ary me e ting with a lo cal OSCE of fi cial, Ni ko lic him self re ve a led a

stra i ned re la ti on ship with Se selj. Se selj, he said, had tried to ta ke over ac ti ve le a der shipof the party and elec tion cam pa ig ning from The Ha gue, a dan ge ro us step in Ni ko lic’s opi -nion, and one that led Ni ko lic to con si der le a ving the party. Ni ko lic told the OSCE of fi -cial that “ti mes had chan ged” and, he im plied, Se selj’s ti me had pas sed. He said that Se -196

selj was “a stub born per so na lity who wo uld ne ver se ek com pro mi se with ot her po li ti calle a ders.” No vi Sad Mayor Maya Goj ko vic told DCM on two oc ca si ons that she had leftthe Ra di cals be ca u se Ni ko lic re fu sed to stand up to Se selj and mo ve the party out of thesha dow of an in dic ted war cri mi nal.

6. (SBU) Ni ko lic has pu blicly sta ted that the So ci a list Party of Ser bia (SPS), theparty of for mer Ser bian Pre si dent and in dic ted war cri mi nal Slo bo dan Mi lo se vic, wo uldnot be part of a ru ling co a li tion with SRS – de spi te the SRS ha ving pre vi o usly ser vedalong si de SPS du ring the Mi lo se vic era. Ni ko lic has sta ted he ex pec ted SRS wo uld beable to “de stroy” SPS du ring the cam pa ign. SPS, on the ot her hand, is enjoying its ro leas king ma ker with its pro jec ted 7%, and at this po int is only saying its na tu ral ro le is withKo stu ni ca and DSS. Tho ugh SPS Pre si dent Da cic con ti nu es to deny in the press he wo -uld agree to go vern with Ta dic’s co a li tion, se ni or DS advi sors tell us the SPS deal is “do -ne” in ex chan ge for DS sup port for SPS can di dacy for the So ci a list In ter na ti o nal.

Fo re ign Af fa irs 7. (SBU) The SRS lack of ex pe ri en ce in fo re ign af fa irs wo uld ma ke them par ti cu -

larly vul ne ra ble to pres su re to ce de the Mi ni stry of Fo re ign Af fa irs to the DSS. This wo -uld be a mi sta ke, said Gru ba cic, sin ce Ko stu ni ca’s cur rency with the west was so low.Ko stu ni ca co uld sink them be fo re they star ted, he said.

8. (SBU) A Ra di cal go vern ment, Gru ba cic said, wo uld ha ve one fo re ign po licy ob -jec ti ve: to con vin ce the co un try and the in ter na ti o nal com mu nity of Ser bia’s po li ti cal andeco no mic sta bi lity. Ni ko lic has pu blicly sta ted that he wel co med in ter na ti o nal in vest mentand he told Gru ba cic that he wo uld re spect pre-exi sting de als, even with the west. Gru -ba cic tho ught that the Ra di cals wo uld lean hard on Ser bia’s fo re ign cur rency re ser ves to“ri de out” the first six months and ke ep Ser bia sta ble. (Mo re on the Ra di cals pro ba bleeco no mic po licy to fol low sep tel.)

9. (SBU) Gru ba cic cla i med that the Ra di cals did not re ally ca re abo ut the Sta bi li za -tion and As so ci a tion Agre e ment with the EU, which Ser bia sig ned (and the DS ce le bra -ted) on April 29, over the ob jec tion of PM Ko stu ni ca. In fact, the SRS has hardly men ti -o ned it du ring the cam pa ign, and Gru ba sic said that SRS Sec re tary Ge ne ral Vu cic hadtold him that the party did not be li e ve it wo uld in flu en ce vo ters sig ni fi cantly. Ni ko lic hasre pe a tedly said that he did not op po se Ser bia’s jo i ning the Euro pean Union, in si sting thatit do so “on Ser bia’s terms – i.e., with Ko so vo.

No Co o pe ra tion with ICTY10. (SBU) One of the SRS’s main cam pa ign planks was stop ping co o pe ra tion with

the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for Yugo sla via (ICTY), a pre re qu i si te for EU ra ti fi ca -tion of the SAA with Ser bia. “No body in Ser bia will be in dic ted by The Ha gue Tri bu -nal... and not one Serb will be han ded over to The Ha gue,” he told a Mo scow daily.

Co o pe ra tion with Rus sia and Se lect Fri ends11. (SBU) Ni ko lic in sists that an SRS go vern ment wo uld not lead to Ser bia’s iso la -

tion; but has ma de cle ar that he se eks to pri o ri ti ze strengthe ning Ser bia’s re la ti on ship withRus sia. In an in ter vi ew with a Mo scow daily, qu o ted in on li ne news outlets on May 6, hesaid, “We plan to de ve lop re la ti ons with Ser bia’s true fri ends, among whom Rus sia holdsa cru cial pla ce. Ser bia al so has to co o pe ra te clo sely with Chi na, In dia, Arab and Afri can

197

co un tri es, as well as with the EU.” In the sa me in ter vi ew, Ni ko lic sug ge sted that, af ter theelec ti ons, Ser bia wo uld ad dress Rus sian-Ser bian po li ti cal-mi li tary co o pe ra tion. De mon -stra ting the SRS spe cial fri endship with Rus sia, at a May 2 SRS rally, the Rus sian Am -bas sa dor to Ser bia ap pe a red on sta ge, at Ni ko lic’s si de. At the SRS clo sing cam pa ign rallyin Bel gra de, May 6, He inz-Chri stian Strac he, head of the Austrian Fre e dom Party (of Jor -ge Ha i der), spo ke on sta ge in sup port of the Ra di cal Party.

Ra di cal MOD 12. (SBU) SRS le a der ship co uld stall the most po si ti ve ele ment of the U.S.-Ser bia

bi la te ral re la ti on ship– our po li ti cal-mi li tary re la ti on ship. – Ser bia’s Con sti tu tion re ser vesto the Pre si dency over sight of the mi li tary, and Ser bia’s Chi ef of De fen se (CHOD), Ge -ne ral Po nos, re ports to Pre si dent Ta dic. Whi le an SRS Min Def wo uld ha ve the aut ho rityto halt mi li tary co o pe ra tion and jo int exer ci ses, and co uld equ ip and mo ve tro ops, he wo -uld lack aut ho rity to de ploy them in bat tle. Only the CHOD, un der pre si den tial or der, co -uld send the ar med for ces in to com bat. The ge ne ral be li ef is that Pre si dent Ta dic will in -sist that Ge ne ral Po nos stay on as CHOD if the SRS as su mes the po si tion of Min Def.This wo uld gi ve the Pre si dent so me le ve ra ge with the SRS Min Def. The bot tom li ne withan SRS led Mi ni stry of De fen se wo uld be stag na tion. Co o pe ra tion with NA TO wo uld li -kely ce a se.

In ter i or13. (SBU) SRS will need this mi ni stry to ful fill its an ti-cor rup tion cam pa ign pro mi -

ses and so me analysts va ri o usly sug gest Vu cic or party Vi ce Pre si dent Dra gan To do ro vicfor the job. DSS will li kely try to hold on to this post, alt ho ugh the in ca pa ci ta tion of cur -rent In ter i or Mi ni ster Jo cic (pa ralyzed in an auto mo bi le ac ci dent in early 2008) has left avoid at the head of the mi ni stry, now run out of the PM’s of fi ce.

Ot her Mi ni stri es 14. (SBU) In ad di tion to the PM’s of fi ce, In ter i or, and In tel li gen ce, DSS may put up

a fight for the Ko so vo Mi ni stry. SRS vi ce pre si dents and party le a ders wo uld li kely fillre ma i ning ca bi net se ats. The list be low is pu rely spe cu la ti ve, espe ci ally with re spect tospe ci fic mi ni stri es, but might in clu de: Mi lo rad Mir cic (Agri cul tu re), head of the Voj vo -di na Ra di cals, mem ber of par li a ment, and Mi ni ster for the Di a spo ra in the 1998 go vern -ment of Mir ko Ma ri ja no vic; Dra gan To do ro vic (Eco nomy), pre si dent of the SRS Exe cu -ti ve Co un cil, en gi ne er, mem ber of par li a ment, Mi ni ster of Tran spor ta tion and Com mu -ni ca ti ons in the Ma ri ja no vic go vern ment; Gor da na Pop La zic (Lo cal Ad mi ni stra tion),Mayor of Ze mun, Mi ni ster of Lo cal Self Go vern ment un der Ma ri ja no vic, for mer MP,SRS vi ce pre si dent; Jor go van ka Ta ba ko vic (Fi nan ce), MP, eco no mist; Ne ma nja Sa ro vic(Youth), head of Bel gra de SRS branch; Bo zi dar De lic (De fen se): Re ti red ge ne ral (un derMi lo se vic), MP, mem ber of de fen se and se cu rity com mit tee; and Zo ran Kra sic (Ju sti ce),lawyer, Se selj de fen se advi sor.

A Chill on Ci vil Li ber ti es15. (C) A Ra di cal go vern ment will thre a ten ci vil li ber ti es. In a li ve de ba te te le vi sed

on B92 on May 5, SRS VP and Mayor of Ze mun, Gor da na Pop La zic said that the SRS“will ha ve to fight the me dia that sup ports Euro-in te gra ti o nal for ces, be ca u se the se for -198

ces are de struc ti ve, and with the NGOs that are do ing the sa me thing.” NUNS, the in de -pen dent as so ci a tion of jo ur na lists re le a sed a sta te ment in re spon se to La zic’s re marks, no -ting that this was “not the first ti me that the SRS openly frig hte ned jo ur na lists, po li ti ci -ans, and ci ti zens of Ser bia who do not think ra di cally.” NUNS re cal led that the pre vi o usRa di cal go vern ment in tro du ced le gi sla tion aut ho ri zing cen sor ship and “one of the worstme dia laws ever.” The youth NGO No Al ter na ti ve to Euro pe si mi larly ex pres sed con -cerns that “when the Ra di cals co me to po wer, the re will be no fre e dom of spe ech.” Tothe OSCE, Ni ko lic said, “We don’t mind if you in ter na ti o nals stay, but don’t ex pect go -vern ment sup port.”

Com ment 16. (C) For ne arly eight years, de moc ra tic for ces ha ve strug gled with re form in Ser -

bia. For the first ti me, the ir op po nents (with a bo ost from Pri me Mi ni ster Ko stu ni ca) maybe able to halt the re form pro cess. If this hap pens, it will be in part be ca u se of the de moc -rats’ fa i lu re to end cor rup tion or con tain unem ployment. It wo uld al so be a re sult of na ti -o na list for ces ex plo i ting an ger over Ko so vo’s in de pen den ce. Sho uld the Ra di cals co meto po wer, Ser bia’s re forms will stall.

17. (C) Com ment con ti nued: For the U.S., a Ra di cal go vern ment will be a ho sti lego vern ment. Whi le we must re main en ga ged with a co un try that has strong eco no micand mi li tary po ten tial and is a na tu ral le a der in the re gion, we will need to ca li bra te anyre spon se to a Ra di cal go vern ment ca re fully: we must con ti nue to sup port tho se in Ser biawho en vi sion a free and de moc ra tic fu tu re in Euro pe whi le ma king it very cle ar to sucha go vern ment when its ac ti ons are unac cep ta ble. End Com ment.

Mun ter

LXVRe fe ren ce id: 08BRUS SELS748Su bject: U.s.-eu Con sul ta ti ons On We stern Bal kans Is su esOri gin: USEU Brus sels (Euro pe) Ca ble ti me: Mon, 19 May 2008 07:30 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tial//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2008/05/08BRUS SELS748.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO8392 PP RU EHBW RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU E HROV

RU EH SR DE RU EHBS #0748/01 1400730 ZNY CCCCC ZZH P 190730Z MAY 08 –ZDK – FM USEU BRUS SELS TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC PRI O RITY IN FORU EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE PRI O RITY

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DIS EUR/ERA, EUR/SCE E.O. 12958: DECL: 05/15/2018

199

Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], EAID [Fo re ign Eco no mic As si stan ce],EUN [E u ro pean Uni on], ZL [Bal kan Sta tes]

Ref: USEU BRUS SELS 714 BRUS SELS 00000748 001.2 OF 005 Clas si fied By: Po li ti cal Mi ni ster-Co un se lor La rry Wo hlers for re a sons 1 .4 (b) and (d)

1. (C) Sum mary: EUR/SCE Di rec tor Chris Hoh di scus sed Ko so vo, Ser bia, Bo snia-Her ze go vi na, Ma ce do nia, and the EU’s en lar ge ment pro cess with EU and mem ber sta teof fi ci als du ring the May 7 U.S.-EU tro i ka con sul ta ti ons on We stern Bal kans (CO WEB)and du ring se pa ra te me e tings on the mar gins. On Ko so vo, EU in ter lo cu tors hig hlig htedpo si ti ve po li ti cal de ve lop ments in the fled gling co un try, but no ted that the slo wer-than-ex pec ted pa ce of in ter na ti o nal re cog ni ti ons of in de pen den ce was wo rrying. The EU di -scus sed the ir la te-April sig ning of a Sta bi li za tion and As so ci a tion agre e ment with Ser biaand its va lue to pro-Euro pean par ti es ahead of elec ti ons. The U.S. and EU si des agreedthat wha te ver the elec to ral re sults, Bel gra de’s po licy on Ko so vo wo uld not chan ge. Hohpres sed the EU on qu ickly sig ning an SAA with Bo snia, and whi le EU in ter lo cu tors sup -por ted the ob jec ti ve and said that the agre e ment wo uld be sig ned in mid-Ju ne, they ar -gued that Bo snia sho uld be fo cu sed less on the po li tics of the ti ming of the sig ning andmo re on the re forms that will soon be re qu i red. EU and mem ber sta te of fi ci als emp ha si -zed Ma ce do nia’s Euro pean per spec ti ve, but so me in ter lo cu tors pri va tely told Hoh that theGre e ce-Ma ce do nia na me is sue was be co ming in cre a singly dif fi cult to han dle wit hin theEU. Fi nally, Euro pean Com mis sion of fi ci als pro mo ted the ir ef forts to re af firm the Euro -pean fu tu re for all the co un tri es in the re gion. End Sum mary.

Ko so vo2. (C) Co un cil Sec re ta ri at De puty Di rec tor for the We stern Bal kans Mic hael Gif fo -

ni ope ned the di scus sion on Ko so vo by de scri bing in ter nal po li ti cal de ve lop ments as po -si ti ve, no ting that par li a ment has adop ted the bulk of laws re qu i red for set tle ment im ple -men ta tion, with the rest to be adop ted by 15 Ju ne. He drew at ten tion to Pri me Mi ni sterTha ci’s 100-day re port, no ting that it pro vo ked aut hen tic po li ti cal de ba te in Ko so vo. Gif -fo ni ar ti cu la ted the EU’s po licy on re cog ni tion, which is that each mem ber sta te will re -cog ni ze on its own ac cord. Whi le al lo wing that 19 out of the 27 EU mem bers ha ve re -cog ni zed, he ar gued that the in ter na ti o nal pro cess of re cog ni tion is a mo re wo rrying one,and emp ha si zed that in cre a sed rcog ni tion among the de ve lo ping world co un tri es wo uldha ve a po si ti ve im pact on Ko so vo’s pro spects at the UN and in ter na ti o nal fi nan cial in sti -tu ti ons. He un der sco red the need to ma ke pro gress with Ko so vo’s re gi o nal ne ig hbors aswell, and no ted re cent en co u ra ging sta te ments from Mon te ne gro and Ma ce do nia. (No te:Di scus si ons on UN MIK re con fi gu ra tion and EULEX Ko so vo are re por ted ref tel).

3. (C) On eco no mic and as si stan ce is su es, Ge no ve va Ru iz Ca la ve ra, Head of Unitfor Ko so vo Is su es at the Euro pean Com mis sion (EC), said that the EU has not yet an no -un ced the da te of the Ko so vo do nor’s con fe ren ce – an ti ci pa ted to be July 11 – for fe ar ofaf fec ting the May 11 Ser bian elec tion out co mes. No ting that so me tec hni cal de ta ils stillneed to be di scus sed, she said that the EU will in vi te na ti ons at the le vel of We stern Bal -kans Di rec tors and ho pes to in clu de re pre sen ta ti ves from co un tri es who ha ve not re cog -ni zed Ko so vo in ad di tion to of fi ci als from na ti ons that ha ve re cog ni zed. She ad ded thatthe World Bank will not co-spon sor the con fe ren ce but will pro vi de tec hni cal sup port andthe EU will con ti nue to work to en su re that the Bank do es not stray from its com mit -ments. Ru iz Ca la ve ra said that wor king with the Ko so vo go vern ment has been dif fi cult200

be ca u se the go vern ment has not yet ap po in ted the re le vant mi ni sters. Spe a king pri va telyto Hoh on the mar gins of the me e ting, she said that the EU co uld not match the funds be -ing pro vi ded to Ko so vo Serbs by Bel gra de. She ad ded that the Com mis sion was ha vingdif fi culty spen ding the as si stan ce tar ge ted for the Serb po pu la ti ons due to har dli ne in ti mi -da tion of tho se who want to co o pe ra te.

4. (C) In re spon se to a qu e sti on abo ut U.S. ef forts on in cre a sing re cog ni ti ons fromFrench Di rec tor for Euro pe Jac qu es Fa u re, EUR/SCE Di rec tor Hoh said that the U.S. hasfo cu sed re cently on La tin Ame ri can na ti ons. He al so no ted that Ko so vo re cog ni ti ons ha -ve been co ming fa ster than in al most all re cent ca ses of new sta tes and emp ha si zed theef forts the U.S. has ma de wor king with Isla mic and Afri can na ti ons, no ting that the re co -uld be spe ci fic op por tu ni ti es to work with Afri ca at the Afri can Union Sum mit la ter thissum mer. Hoh en co u ra ged the EU in sti tu ti ons and go vern ments to en ga ge with ot her in -ter na ti o nal part ners and un der sco red that lobbying for re cog ni tion is li kely to be mo resuc cessful if it is seen as a Euro pean pro ject. Alix Ever hard, Co un se lor for Bal kans is su -es at the French Per ma nent Re pre sen ta tion to the EU, se pa ra tely ex pres sed con cern toHoh abo ut the pa ce of in ter na ti o nal re cog ni ti ons, no ting the need to ma in tain mo men tum.She said that the French are fo cu sing espe ci ally on Afri ca and La tin Ame ri ca, spe ci fi callyEcu a dor and Co lom bia. Ever hard ad ded that the sta bi lity of Ko so vo and de ployment ofthe EULEX mis sion will be key pri o ri ti es un der the up co ming French EU pre si dency.

5. (C) In a se pa ra te con ver sa tion, Euro pean Com mis sion Di rec tor for We stern Bal -kans Pi er re Mi rel (ple a se pro tect) pri va tely be mo a ned the lack of le a der ship on Ko so voboth wit hin the EU and wit hin the go vern ment of Ko so vo. Mi rel wor ri ed that the newad mi ni stra tion in Ko so vo was not wor king hard eno ugh on ma king re forms and ar guedthat the GoK ne eds to ma ke a bet ter ef fort to ex pla in its new laws and con sti tu tion to themu ni ci pa li ti es. Mi rel al so drew Hoh’s at ten tion to the up co ming elec tion of a new pa tri -arch for the Ort ho dox Church in Ko so vo, li kely in la te May. No ting that the new le a derwo uld be su re to ha ve an im pact on po li ti cal de ve lop ments, he ex pla i ned that he had pro -po sed brin ging to get her bis hops from Ser bia and Ko so vo for a con fe ren ce on “What isthe EU?” and was ho ping to re ce i ve con fir ma tion from the bis hops soon.

Ser bia6. (C) Slo ve nian Head of So ut he ast Euro pe Di vi sion Leon Marc star ted the di scus -

sion on Ser bia by hig hlig hting the EU’s April 29 Sta bi li za tion and As so ci a tion Agre e ment(SAA) sig ning. He no ted that the in ter nal di scus sion among EU Mi ni sters was long andde man ding, but the mo ve ga ve the Ser bian pro-EU for ces the bo ost that they ne e dedahead of the May 11 elec ti ons. Be ca u se im ple men ta tion of the SAA is su bject to una ni -mo us agre e ment by mem ber sta tes and Ser bia’s com pli an ce with its ICTY obli ga ti ons,the cre di bi lity and le gi ti macy of the ac ces sion pro cess was pre ser ved. Marc went on tohig hlight the an no un ce ment of the EU’s vi sa li be ra li za tion ro ad map with Ser bia whichfurt her de mon stra ted the “tan gi bi lity of the Euro pean per spec ti ve.” He ad ded that Fran -ce and Ger many ha ve re cently in cre a sed scho lar ship op por tu ni ti es for Ser bian stu dents.Marc con clu ded by war ning that the U.S. and EU sho uld not ex pect chan ges in the waythat Ser bia de als with the Ko so vo is sue, but ad ded that wha te ver new go vern ment emer -ged af ter the elec ti ons sho uld be jud ged by its de eds, not its rhe to ric, a sen ti ment that wasse pa ra tely sha red with Hoh by Ever hard and UK Co un se lor for CFSP, ESDP and En lar -ge ment Is su es, An gus Lap sley.

201

7. (C) Hoh un der sco red the U.S. com mit ment to wor king with the EU to help Ser -bia on its path to Euro-Atlan tic in te gra tion and ex pres sed ap pre ci a tion for the EU’s cre a -ti ve ap pro ach to sig ning the SAA ahead of the elec ti ons. He agreed with the EU’s as ser -tion that we must jud ge the new Ser bian go vern ment by its ac ti ons, and no ted the im por -tan ce of hol ding a de moc ra ti cally-elec ted go vern ment to the sa me stan dards as we wo -uld el sew he re. The U.S. and EU will need to ma in tain a cle ar mes sa ge to Ser bia abo utwhat is ex pec ted for full part ner ship.

Bo snia-Her ze go vi na8. (C) Le a ding the con ver sa tion on BiH, Hoh hig hlig hted a num ber of po si ti ve re -

cent po li ti cal de ve lop ments which co uld sig nal a mo re prag ma tic ap pro ach from the le -a der ship, in clu ding a com pro mi se on elec to ral ru les in Sre bre ni ca and agre e ments on mo -ve a ble de fen se pro perty and po li ce re form. Saying that the EU is “a po wer ful in cen ti vefor Bo snia,” Hoh no ted the EU’s April 29 an no un ce ment of re a di ness to sign the SAAwith Bo snia. He war ned, ho we ver, that de laying the sig na tu re un til Ju ne fe eds in to BiHcyni cism re gar ding the po li ti cal ti ming of the Ser bian SAA, and that the ex pec ta ti ons cre -a ted and not yet ful fil led by the EU are da ma ging in ter na ti o nal cre di bi lity in Bo snia. TheSAA pro cess can help ma ke a sig ni fi cant dif fe ren ce in Bo snia in terms of po li ti cal struc -tu res, but ma in ta i ning the mo men tum of re form will be a chal len ge, espe ci ally gi ven thein ten si ve le vel of in ter na ti o nal en ga ge ment re qu i red to ac hi e ve the cur rent pro gress. Wesho uld ex pect Do dik and Si laj dzic to con ti nue to pur sue a nar row set of in te rests as wellas an ti ci pa te a sur ge in the rhe to ric from all si des. Hoh went on to di scuss the need to as -sess pro gress on com ple tion of PIC ob jec ti ves to ward the clo su re of the OHR, and un -der sco red that the tran si tion to the EUSR will re qu i re sub stan tial en ga ge ment.

9. (C) The EU agre es with the U.S. that it is im por tant to sign the SAA as soon aspos si ble, and sha res the sa me con cerns abo ut the dan gers of cer tain types of rhe to ric inBiH, said Marc. The next im por tant pha se in the pro cess will be for Bo snia to ma ke pro -gress on con sti tu ti o nal re form. Marc ex pres sed the EU’s sa tis fac tion with Hi Rep Laj cak’spro gress in brin ging the EU per spec ti ve to Bo snia, and he no ted that the Euro pean Com -mis sion will soon start a vi sa li be ra li za tion di a lo gue with BiH. In a re la ted vein, Pi er reMi rel se pa ra tely re qu e sted Hoh’s as ses sment of the ac ti vi ti es of fun da men ta list gro ups inBo snia. He ex pla i ned that now for mer Com mis si o ner for Ju sti ce, Fre e dom, and Se cu rityFrat ti ni re fu sed to open vi sa di a lo gu es with BiH due to pro blems with Isla mic fun da men -ta list gro ups.

10. (C) In se pa ra te me e tings af ter the for mal CO WEB ses sion, Hoh again stronglypres sed his in ter lo cu tors on sig ning the SAA with Bo snia as soon as pos si ble, ide ally atthe la te-May GA ERC me e ting. EU Bal kans Di rec tor Ste fan Leh ne said that the de lay insig ning was “not an im por tant is sue,” and ex pla i ned that the la test plan in vol ved the EUsig ning the agre e ment in Ju ne, and spe e ding up the im ple men ta tion so that BiH co uld“catch up with Ser bia.” Gif fo ni told Hoh that the de lay in sig ning was partly due to a de -lay in re ce i ving ne ces sary pa per work from BiH, and said that the ne ga ti ve lo cal re ac tionto the de lay de mon stra ted a “lack of ma tu rity” among the le a ders. Ever hard se pa ra telyad mit ted that the EU ne e ded to do a bet ter job of ma na ging ex pec ta ti ons, but no ted thatsce na ri os which wo uld ha ve so me mem ber sta tes sig ning so o ner than ot hers wo uld cre -a te a “dan ge ro us pre ce dent” in the EU that wo uld go beyond spe ci fic We stern Bal kans202

is su es. The is sue ne eds to be ap pro ac hed with una ni mity. She al so no ted that the Bo sni -ans’ com pa ri sons of them sel ves to Ser bia we re so mew hat spu ri o us, gi ven that de spi te be -ing sig ned la ter, Bo snia’s SAA wo uld ac tu ally be im ple men ted whi le Ser bia’s wo uld notun til con di ti ons are met.

11. (C) Spe a king from a Euro pean Com mis sion per spec ti ve, He le ne Holm-Pe der -sen, a mem ber of En lar ge ment Com mis si o ner Ol li Rehn’s Ca bi net, told Hoh that Rehnwas un happy with the de lay in sig ning and she ex pres sed fru stra tion with the slow pa ceof le gal tran sla tion in to all EU lan gu a ges. She al so ex pres sed her own di sap po int mentthat the Bo sni ans we re fo cu sed on Ser bia’s SAA in stead of pre pa ring for the ir own EUin te gra tion pro cess. She ad ded that the EU has do ne as much as they co uld in the ti me -fra me ava i la ble in terms of be ing ge ne ro us on con di ti o na lity and ac ce le ra ting the tec hni -cal work. She no ted that af ter the SAA is sig ned, the EU lo ses its abi lity to be fle xi ble andge ne ro us on the re qu i re ments for mem ber ship, and the stan dards to which BiH will beheld will be co me in cre a singly chal len ging. Af ter the SAA is im ple men ted, the EC willlo ok at Bo snia’s track re cord in im ple men ting the pro vi si ons in terms of eva lu a ting theco un try for even tual can di da te sta tus, spe ci fi cally whet her they are de ve lo ping in sti tu ti -ons ca pa ble of im ple men ting the ac qu is and whet her they are able to spe ak with one vo -i ce. They will eva lu a te pro gress on pu blic ad mi ni stra tion re form, hu man rights and ru leof law, as well as eco no mic in di ca tors. Mi rel ex pres sed si mi lar sen ti ments, ar gu ing thatwhi le the EU’s not be ing able to sign the SAA in April as pro mi sed was a “big mi sta ke,”Bo snia sho uld fo cus less on Ser bia and mo re on the re forms that will soon be re qu i red.

Ma ce do nia 12. (C) Hoh be gan the for mal di scus sion of Ma ce do nia by un der sco ring that the

good co or di na tion bet we en the U.S., EU, NA TO, and OSCE must con ti nue du ring thepost-Buc ha rest pe riod of “de mo ra li za tion.” Ma ce do nia must be as su red of its cle ar Euro -pean per spec ti ve. He no ted that the U.S. wo uld use FM Mi lo so ski’s May 7 vi sit to theUni ted Sta tes to de mon stra te cle ar Ame ri can sup port for Ma e con dia. We wo uld al soadvo ca te con ti nued fle xi bi lity and a ne ar term so lu tion to the na me is sue. In advan ce ofthe Ju ne 1 elec ti ons, Hoh ex pla i ned that the U.S. was hel ping to fund a me dia cam pa ignfor free and fa ir elec ti ons as well as an elec tion mo ni to ring mis sion. Af ter the Ju ne 1 elec -ti ons, the U.S. and EU sho uld work to en co u ra ge Ohrid fra me work im ple men ta tion andsup port mul ti-et hni city, whet her in the go vern ment or op po si tion. On bor der de mar ca -tion, Hoh war ned that we sho uld ex pect chal len ges, and no ted that tec hni cal ex perts ha -ve been sent to bri ef both si des.

13. (C) Fa u re re spon ded for the EU, ex pla i ning that the EC’s March 2008 We sternBal kans com mu ni ca tion re in for ced the Euro pean per spec ti ve for Ma ce do nia and en co u -ra ged re forms. Ru iz Ca la ve ra ad ded that the EC has put forth eight key benchmarks toas sess Ma ce do nia’s ca pa city and ca pa bi lity to un der ta ke ac ces sion ne go ti a ti ons. She saidthat the Com mis sion had im pli citly ur ged Ma ce do nian le a der ship to fo cus on re form rat -her than spen ding ti me on elec ti ons to no avail. Fa u re emp ha si zed that the EU sup portsthe Ni metz ef forts to find a so lu tion to the na me is sue.

14. (C/NF) Hoh’s French and UK mem ber sta te in ter lo cu tors la ter ex pla i ned se pa -ra tely to Hoh that the Ma ce do nia na me is sue had be co me pro ble ma tic wit hin the EU. TheGre ek po si tion has be co me in cre a singly hard li ne sin ce the NA TO Buc ha rest sum mit,

203

and Eve rard said that the is sue has per me a ted many tec hni cal di scus si ons to the de tri mentof pro gress. She ad ded that the EU has “no real le ve ra ge on the is sue.” Bri tish in ter lo cu -tors told Hoh that the UK has so far ma na ged to push back aga inst Gre ek at tempts toof fi ci ally link re so lu tion of the na me is sue to ac ces sion con di ti ons for Ma ce do nia, butLap sely ca u ti o ned that the “UK ne eds Gre e ce on ot her is su es,” spe ci fi cally Ko so vo,and wit ho ut sup port from ot her EU mem ber sta tes, the UK can not ke ep up its op po si -tion in de fi ni tely. Of fi ci als no ted that the next ma jor de ci sion po int for the EU will co -me this Fall, when the EC is su es its re com men da ti ons on whet her to be gin ac ces sionne go ti a ti ons with Ma ce do nia, a de ci sion that Gre e ce will cer ta inly ve to wit ho ut a so -lu tion to the na me is sue.

Ot her Re gi o nal Is su es 15. (SBU) Sta bi li za tion and As so ci a tion: Spe a king ge ne rally abo ut the Sta bi li za tion

and Ac ces sion pro ces ses for the We stern Bal kans, Ru iz Ca la ve ra said that 2008 wo uld bea cru cial year for the re gion; the Euro pean per spec ti ve ne eds to be ma de mo re tan gi bleto ci ti zens. She ex pla i ned the EC’s plan to re af firm the Euro pean per spec ti ve for the co -un tri es of the re gion, al low for the pos si bi lity of ac ce le ra tion of the pro cess in so me cir -cum stan ces, and de vi se new ini ti a ti ves to ma ke the pro cess mo re ac ces si ble to the ave ra -ge ci ti zen. She no ted that Cro a tia co uld be a ca talyst for ot her co un tri es in the re gion byser ving as an exam ple that the path can be ac ce le ra ted by me a ning ful pro gress. Mi rel se -pa ra tely in di ca ted that he was thin king abo ut a mo re ex pan si ve and for ward-le a ning ap -pro ach to EU in te gra tion for the who le SE Euro pe re gion.

16. (SBU) Al ba nia: Fa u re ex pla i ned that whi le Al ba nia has ma de so me pro gress onthe fun cti o ning of its go vern ment in sti tu ti ons, he no ted that much re ma ins to be do ne interms of esta blis hing “nor mal co o pe ra ti ve re la ti ons” bet we en the go vern ment and op po -si tion. He ad ded that sim plifying elec to ral ru les wo uld in cre a se go vern ment sta bi lity. Fa -u re said that the Al ba ni ans are eager to be ne fit from the vi sa fa ci li ta tion agre e ment withthe EU. The EU wel co med Al ba nia’s clo ser links with NA TO post-Buc ha rest, and wo -uld con ti nue to ur ge the na tion to do mo re work on re forms. In re spon se, Hoh no ted theGoA’s good work aga inst cri me and cor rup tion. He ad ded that Al ba nia ne eds to ma kepro gress on de a ling with ha zar do us wa ste and mu ni ti ons stoc kpi les as well as to com ple -te the elec tro nic net work lin king the ir ru le of law agen ci es. On ha zar do us wa ste, Hoh pro -vi ded a he ads-up that the USG tho ught the EU co uld as sist Ti ra na and that USEU wo uldse pa ra tely ra i se this is sue in gre a ter tec hni cal de tail with ap pro pri a te EU in ter lo cu tors.

17. (SBU) Mon te ne gro: Fa u re ci ted cor rup tion, traf fic king of va ri o us kinds, and re -in for ce ment of ad mi ni stra ti ve ca pa city as are as still ne e ding im pro ve ment in Mon te ne -gro. He ex pres sed con cern abo ut the gro wing pre sen ce of pri va te Rus sian bu si ness. Fa -u re ad ded that the EU ap pre ci a ted the GoM’s mo de ra te re spon se on Ko so vo. Hoh no tedthat the po si ti ve po li ti cal cli ma te that has de ve lo ped co uld speed up the re form pro cess.The U.S. be li e ves that the GoM sho uld fo cus mo re on ru le of law is su es and bu il ding in -sti tu ti ons.

18. (C) Fa u re ex pla i ned to the U.S. si de that the new GoM was con si de ring the pos -si bi lity of asking for can di da te sta tus, and whi le this was a good idea for the fu tu re, theEU told the GoM that it was too soon. Mi rel sub se qu ently told Hoh that Rehn told theMon te ne grins to wa it un til the Tre aty of Lis bon ra ti fi ca tion pro cess had been com ple tedby the mem ber sta tes. He ela bo ra ted that Bar ro so and the in co ming French Pre si dency204

we re con cer ned that an ap pli ca tion by Mon te ne gro wo uld trig ger an ap pli ca tion from Al -ba nia, and mem ber sta tes that ha ve not yet ra ti fied the tre aty wo uld per ce i ve it as a ne ga -ti ve tool ena bling the EU to throw open its do ors. He ad ded that if the EC re com mendsope ning ne go ti a ti ons with Ma ce do nia la ter this year, the re will be pres su re to do the sa -me for Mon te ne gro. Hoh ca u ti o ned Mi rel aga inst pac ka ging the two, as the Gre e ce-Ma -ce do nia is sue co uld pre vent Mon te ne gro’s pro gress.

19. (U) Re gi o nal Co o pe ra tion Co un cil/So uth East Euro pean Co o pe ra tion Pro cess:Fa u re la u ded the RCC tran sfer of re spon si bi lity for re gi o nal co o pe ra tion to the co un tri esof the re gion. He no ted that re gi o nal ow ner ship and ac co un ta bi lity has been strengthe -ned, and the ro le of the in ter na ti o nal com mu nity has been ap pro pri a tely re du ced to pro -vi ding advi ce and as si stan ce. The se ac com plis hments are a good start, but mo re ne eds tobe do ne. Hoh agreed that the esta blis hment of the RCC was an im por tant mi le sto ne; lo -cal ow ner ship is me a ning ful.

20. (U) EUR/SCE Di rec tor Hoh has cle a red this mes sa ge. Mur ray

LXVIRe fe ren ce id: 08THE HA GUE556Su bject: Icty: Wit ness Tro u bles At The Se selj TrialOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 27 Jun 2008 17:28 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2008/06/08THE HA GUE556.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments O 271728Z JUN 08 FM AMEM BASSY THE HA GUE TO SEC STA TE

WASHDC IM ME DI A TE 1678 IN FO EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE IM -ME DI A TE AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE IM ME DI A TE AMEM BASSY SA RA JE VOIM ME DI A TE AMEM BASSY SKO PJE IM ME DI A TE AMEM BASSY ZA GREB IM -ME DI A TE AMEM BASSY PRI STI NA IM ME DI A TE DIA WASHDC IM ME DI A TECIA WASHDC IM ME DI A TE SEC DEF WASHDC IM ME DI A TE

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialDE PART MENT FOR S/WCI – WIL LI AM SON/SHIN/LA VI NE/VI BUL,

EUR/SCE – STINCHCOMB, L/CID – KJOHNSON, INR/GGI – MAR GU LI ES,USUN – WIL LSON E.O. 12958: DECL: 06/26/2028

Tags: ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a], SR [Ser bi -a], BK [Bo snia and Her ze go vi na], HR [Cro a ti a], KAWC [A tro ci ti es and War Cri mes],PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons]

Ref: THE HA GUE 0081 Clas si fied By: Le gal Co un se lor He at her A. Schild ge, Re a sons 1.4 (c) and (d).

1. (C) Sum mary. The Se selj trial at the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the For -mer Yugo sla via (ICTY) is be hind sche du le and wit ness is su es thre a ten to slow it furt her.

205

Of fi ce of the Pro se cu tor (OTP) Se ni or Trial At tor ney (STA) Daryl Mun dis cla ims to ha -ve evi den ce that Vo ji slav Se selj’s sup por ters, per haps even his le gal advi sors, ha ve thre -a te ned OTP wit nes ses, in clu ding a US-ba sed wit ness. Se selj cla ims the OTP’s wit nes sesfreely cho se to be De fen se wit nes ses. One of the se wit nes ses, Lu bi sa Pet ko vic, was Se -selj’s de puty du ring the war and awa its trial for con tempt of co urt af ter he fa i led to ap pe -ar as a Trial Cham ber wit ness. The Trial Cham ber will be hard pres sed to in ve sti ga te cla -ims of wit ness in ti mi da tion and still su stain the de li ca te and dis ta ste ful ba lan ce that ke -eps the Se selj trial in mo tion. End Sum mary.

2. (U) Slow Pro gress. Al lo ca ting ho urs to the par ti es at the start of the Se selj trial inNo vem ber 2007, the Trial Cham ber esti ma ted the ca se wo uld ta ke 18 months, and pro -jec ted that the OTP wo uld con clu de its ca se shortly af ter the ICTY‘s 2008 sum mer bre -ak. In May, Pre si ding Jud ge An to net ti ob ser ved that the OTP had con su med half of its al -lot ted ti me, but pre sen ted only aro und one third of its wit nes ses. On Ju ne 19, he di rec tedthe OTP to wrap up by the end of 2008, and ma de a va gue re fe ren ce to the trial con clu -ding in 2009. Fru stra ted by the Trial Cham ber’s pres su re on the OTP to cut ti me whi lethe Cham ber it self re jec ted ti me-sa ving me a su res, Mun dis re plied that the OTP wo uldask for sub stan ti ally mo re ti me sho uld the Trial Cham ber re qu i re li ve te sti mony from allre ma i ning wit nes ses. In re spon se, An to net ti advi sed the OTP that the Trial Cham ber wascon si de ring is su ing de ci si ons re gar ding the ti me re ma i ning for the OTP to pre sent its ca -se, sug ge sting that it may cut the OTP’s ti me.

3. (C) OTP Cla ims De fen se Pres su ring Wit nes ses. Al so on Ju ne 19, Vo ji slav Se selj,who is self-re pre sen ting, asked that the Cham ber pre vent the OTP from cal ling wit nes -ses who ha ve said they want to be De fen se, and not OTP, wit nes ses. Sig na ling sup portfor Se selj’s re qu est, An to net ti com men ted to STA Mun dis that the OTP wo uld no lon gerneed the ti me al lot ted for wit nes ses who wo uld in stead te stify for De fen se. Mun dis ur gedthe Trial Cham ber to de lay ma king such a de ci sion, as ser ting that the se wit nes ses we repres su red in to agre e ing to be De fen se wit nes ses. Mun dis then an no un ced that the Pro se -cu tion in ten ded to fi le a mo tion with the Trial Cham ber re gar ding wit ness in ti mi da tion on27 Ju ne and wo uld re qu est that the Trial Cham ber ap po int co un sel for Se selj. In a pri va -te con ver sa tion with Em boff, Mun dis said Se selj’s le gal advi sors are as so ci a ted with acam pa ign of in ti mi da tion aga inst at le ast a do zen Ser bia-ba sed in si der wit nes ses who hadagreed to te stify for the OTP. He said that many of the se wit nes ses asked the OTP to sub -po e na the ir te sti mony, as they fe a red openly sup por ting the OTP by vo lun ta rily ap pe a ring.

4. (C) In ti mi da tion Evi den ce. OTP De puty Chi ef of Tri als Di vi sion, Bob Reid, toldEm boff that the re is cle ar evi den ce of at temp ted in ti mi da tion of three wit nes ses. One ofthe se wit nes ses, Isak Ga si, re si des in the U.S. Ac cor ding to Reid, Ga si re por ted that a Ser -bian fri end in Bel gra de, Mir ko Ni so vic, was be ing pres su red to con vin ce Ga si to not te -stify aga inst Se selj. Ni so vic told Ga si that Se selj’s “as so ci a tes” thre a te ned to de stroy Ni -so vic’s re sta u rant if Ga si te sti fied. Ga si for war ded a let ter to the OTP that Ni so vic sup po -sedly be li e ved to ha ve been draf ted by Se selj’s le gal advi sors for Ga si to sign and re turn.The let ter in clu ded a sta te ment that Ga si wo uld only ap pe ar for De fen se. Ac cor ding toReid, two ot her wit nes ses pro vi ded the OTP with co pi es of si mi lar let ters, each cla i mingto be fa cing pres su re to not te stify. Ac cor ding to Reid, Ga si, a for mer Olympic kayaker,is to ugh and re ma ins com mit ted to te stifying.

5. (SBU) Trial Cham ber Twist. One for mer OTP wit ness, Lu bi sa Pet ko vic, was Se -selj’s de puty in the Ser bian Ra di cal Party du ring the pe riod of the Se selj in dic tment. Upon206

re ce i ving Pet ko vic’s no ti ce in April that he wan ted to be a De fen se rat her than OTP wit -ness, the Trial Cham ber re qu e sted via con fi den tial sub po e na that Pet ko vic ap pe ar in steadas a Cham ber wit ness. Af ter Pet ko vic fa i led to ap pe ar as or de red, the Trial Cham ber is -sued an or der in li eu of an in dic tment for con tempt of co urt and a war rant for his ar rest.The Trial Cham ber lif ted con fi den ti a lity over the se mat ters on ce Ser bia tran sfer red Pet -ko vic to the ICTY on May 28. Pet ko vic en te red a “Not Gu ilty” plea when he ma de hisini tial ap pe a ran ce on 29 May. Pet ko vic asked for Ser bian-spe a king le gal re pre sen ta tion,which Re gi stry ho ped to se cu re by the end of Ju ne. The Trial Cham ber will sche du le thenext he a ring on ce Pet ko vic has ac cep ted le gal re pre sen ta tion.

6. (U) Se selj’s Ed ge. Sin ce Ja nu ary, Se selj has ac ti vely par ti ci pa ted in the trial pro -cess, and is al most re spec tful of the Trial Cham ber. Ho we ver, Se selj shows lit tle re gardfor wit nes ses, re gu larly la be ling te sti mony as a lie. At le ast two wit nes ses ad dres sed re -marks to the Trial Cham ber re gar ding Se selj’s harsh tre at ment of them. Whi le the Benchfre qu ently advi sed Se selj aga inst using such in ti mi da ting tac tics, it has not di rectly con -fron ted Se selj. The Trial Cham ber in stead re ig ned in so me of Se selj’s ex ces ses by mo -difying pro ce du res that apply to both par ti es. The Trial Cham ber re cently be gan de duc -ting from Se selj’s al lot ted cross-exa mi na ti on ti me when Se selj dis rupts the Pro se cu tion’spre sen ta tion with mat ters he sho uld ra i se du ring cross-exa mi na ti on. This has cut Se selj’sin ter rup ti ons, but not in flu en ced his abra si ve to ne.

7. (C) Com ments:. Alt ho ugh wit ness in ti mi da tion has been al le ged in nu me ro usICTY tri als, the Trial Cham bers ra rely re ce i ve the con cre te evi den ce that wo uld al lowthem to ad dress the is sue di rectly. Sho uld the OTP pre sent the Trial Cham ber with com -pel ling evi den ce of wit ness in ti mi da tion in the Se selj ca se, the Trial Cham ber is li kely tohan dle the mat ter con fi den ti ally and se ek to buy ti me, as it is po orly po si ti o ned to con -front the is sue head on. An to net ti’s stra tegy has been to ob tain Se selj’s co o pe ra tion thro -ugh ac ce ding to most of his de mands and se e king to flat ter him. Whi le this has ena bledthe trial to pro gress sig ni fi cantly, the re re ma ins an un spo ken thre at that Se selj may stoppar ti ci pa ting in the pro ce e dings, as he did du ring his 2006 hun ger stri ke. Gi ven the im pactof wit ness in ti mi da tion on the ju di cial pro cess, it is hard to see how the Trial Cham ber co -uld avoid con fron ting Se selj sho uld it be pre sen ted with com pel ling evi den ce of such be -ha vi or. The con se qu en ces of such a con fron ta tion, ho we ver, are highly un pre dic ta ble.

Gal lag her

LXVIIRe fe ren ce id: 08THE HA GUE834Su bject: Su bject: Am bas sa dor-at-lar ge Wil li am son Warns Icty That Rus sia May

Ma ke Tri bu nal Is su es Mo re Dif fi cultOri gin: Em bassy The Ha gue (Net her lands) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 3 Oct 2008 19:07 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2008/10/08THE HA GUE834.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments 0 Com ments: VZCZCXYZ0028 RR RU EH WEB DE RU EHTC #0834/01 2771907 ZNY

CCCCC ZZH R 031907Z OCT 08 FM AMEM BASSY THE HA GUE TO RU -207

EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC 2047 IN FO RU EHBW/AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DERU EH MO/AMEM BASSY MO SCOW 1821 RU EHVJ/AMEM BASSY SA RA JE VO0233 RU EHVB/AMEM BASSY ZA GREB 1993

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DIS STA TE FOR, S/WCI, L/EUR – JOYCE, L/UNA – SCHILD GE/JOHNSON, INR

– MAR GU LI ES/MO RIN, EUR/SCE – STINCHCOMB E.O. 12958: DECL:10/03/2018

Tags: BK [Bo snia and Her ze go vi na], HR [Cro a ti a], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men talAf fa irs], SR [Ser bi a]

Clas si fied By: DE NI SE G. MAN NING, LE GAL CO UN SE LOR, RE A SON(S)1.4(B) AND (D)

Sum maryAmb. Wil li am son has Suc cessful Vi sit with ICTY Of fi ci als.

1. (SBU) On Sep tem ber 16, 2008, Am bas sa dor-at-lar ge for War Cri mes Is su es ClintWil li am son met se pa ra tely with the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo -sla via (ICTY) Pre si dent Fa u sto Po car, Pro se cu tor Ser ge Bram mertz, and Re gi strar HansHolt hu is. The me e tings we re suc cessful, with Wil li am son de li ve ring a cle ar mes sa ge thathard ti mes might lay ahead for the ICTY as a re sult of wor se ning re la ti ons with Rus sia.Wil li am son al so re ce i ved up da tes on ICTY ac ti vi ti es, in clu ding ca se sche du ling, theICTY’s $30 mil lion sup ple men tary bud get re qu est, and the la test de ve lop ments in theKa rad zic trial.

Co ping with the New Rus sian Re a lity 2. (SBU) USG War ning of To ugh Road Ahead. Am bas sa dor Wil li am son de li ve red

a cle ar mes sa ge in all his ICTY me e tings: that the U.S.’s and the West’s de te ri o ra ting re -la ti ons with Rus sia co uld spill in to ICTY is su es. Wil li am son ex pla i ned that the USG iscon cer ned that Rus sia will be mo re dif fi cult on a wi de ran ge of is su es, in clu ding theICTY sup ple men tary bud get re qu est and pro po sals to con ti nue cer tain ICTY ac ti vi ti es af -ter the ICTY’s clo su re (“Re si dual Is su es”). Wil li am son sta ted that Fran ce and the Uni tedKing dom sha red the se con cerns. Wil li am son al so no ted that the Chi ne se ap pe ar to be sen -ding sig nals that they too will be mo re dif fi cult. Whi le as su ring ICTY of fi ci als of con ti -nu ing USG sup port, Wil li am son war ned ICTY of fi ci als that they wo uld need to be mind -ful of the new po li ti cal re a li ti es in the ir thin king and plan ning (in clu ding with re spect tothe ir sup ple men tary bud get re qu est and any Re si dual Is su es pro po sals). He al so in di ca -ted that the ICTY ne eds to pre pa re for worst-ca se sce na ri os.

3. (C) Tri bu nal Re spon ses to War ning. ICTY of fi ci als to ok the se war nings on bo -ard, and had a ran ge of re ac ti ons. Po car re spon ded by dif fe ren ti a ting among the ICTYpro po sals re qu i ring Se cu rity Co un cil ac tion, no ting first that he did not think Rus siawo uld block his pro po sal to ex tend ju di cial terms, be ca u se Rus sia “can,t stop on go -ing tri als.” With re spect to Re si dual Is su es, he spe cu la ted that when the Bel gian cha -ir man ship of the U.N.’s Wor king Gro up on Tri bu nals en ded in De cem ber, the Rus si -208

ans might se ek to mo ve back to a monthly ro ta ting cha ir man ship, re sul ting in a slowdown of the Re si dual Is su es work. In re spon se to con cerns abo ut a Rus sian re ac tion,Bram mertz asked Wil li am son if he had go ne to Mo scow to di scuss Tri bu nal is su es;Bram mertz said his own trip to Mo scow ear li er this sum mer had go ne well. (Bram -mertz met with Fo re ign Mi ni ster Ser gei La vrov, who asked abo ut the Com ple tionStra tegy, and in par ti cu lar whet her it was pos si ble to send re ma i ning ca ses to the re -gion for trial. La vrov al so no ted the Ha ra di naj ac qu it tal and al le ga ti ons abo ut KLAor gan traf fic king stem ming from Car la del Pon te’s bo ok. Bram mertz de scri bed La -vrov as very pro per but said he to ok a firm li ne re gar ding Rus sian ex pec ta ti ons on theICTY com ple ting its work.) The di scus sion with Holt hu is cen te red aro und the earlyOc to ber vi sit of the Se cu rity Co un cil’s Wor king Gro up on Tri bu nal Is su es, and in par -ti cu lar, whet her the Rus si ans wo uld be on that vi sit. (Com ment: The Rus sian QtheRus si ans wo uld be on that vi sit. (Com ment: The Rus sian re pre sen ta ti ve did co me.)Holt hu is al so in di ca ted that he ho ped that the Re gi stry wo uld be pro vi ding the Wor -king Gro up wit hin a co u ple of we eks with fi nan cial sce na ri os on the Re si dual Is su es,and it was sug ge sted that the Wor king Gro up sho uld re ce i ve such in for ma tion be fo reits vi sit to the ICTY. (Com ment: At a sub se qu ent me e ting with Re gi stry Of fi ci als, Em -bassy of fi cers we re told that OLA had a bo o tleg copy of a pre li mi nary fi nan cial sce -na ri os pa per, but that the pa per do es not cost out the va ri o us ne eds that it pro jects, butin stead pro vi des per son nel num bers. Re gi stry staff did not com ment on pos si ble Rus -sian re ac ti ons to the sup ple men tary bud get, but no ted that Rus sia is fully paid up onits as ses sed con tri bu ti ons.)

Trial Sche du ling Re ma ins Elu si ve 4. (SBU) Trial Com ple tion and Sche du ling. Holt hu is in di ca ted that fo ur tri als are li -

kely to ex tend in to 2010: Pr lic, To li mir, Djor dje vic and Zu plja nin. (Com ment: Ka rad zicwill cle arly ex tend in to 2010 as well, as sho uld Pe ri sic, which is pre dic ted to ta ke 24months.) Po car did ra i se con cerns abo ut the sche du le, in clu ding ex pres sing fru stra tion atUNSC de lay in ex ten ding the ad li tem jud ges. Po car ex pla i ned that due to this de lay, hedid not ha ve a bench for the Pe ri sic trial, sche du led to be gin on Oc to ber 1. Po car al so no -ted his Oc to ber 14th UN GA spe ech wo uld need to ad dress trial sta tus, and con se qu ently,he may need to re port trial de lay be ca u se the man da te for ad li tem jud ges had not beenex ten ded. (Com ment: The start of the Pe ri sic trial was in fact de layed by one day, un tilthe ICTY had re ce i ved of fi cial con fir ma tion that the UNSC had adop ted a re so lu tion ex -ten ding ju di cial te nu res. No te, ho we ver, that the te nu res of the per ma nent and ad li temtrial jud ges we re ex ten ded un til De cem ber 2009. Sin ce so me tri als, in clu ding Pe ri sic, willmost li kely ex tend beyond that da te, furt her UNSC ac tion will even tu ally be re qu i red.)

5. (C) IC TR De lays Cre a te Lo o ming Ap pe als Cri sis? Po car al so ex pres sed con cernabo ut a pos si ble Ap pe als Cham ber cri sis in 2009 and 2010. Po car cla i med that the IC TRis “mis be ha ving” in that it has not is sued any jud gments re cently. IC TR han ded down itslast jud gment in De cem ber 2007, he said, and 17 jud gments are still pen ding. Po car ex -pres sed con cern that this will ca u se an ap pe als log-jam next year. He in di ca ted that it isnot cle ar how this is sue sho uld be de alt with, spe cu la ting that the Ap pe als Cham ber mayneed to be ex pan ded or a se cond Ap pe als Cham ber cre a ted – a mo ve, he no ted, that mightrisk de stroying the co he sion of the ca se-law.

209

ICTY Ma kes $30 Mil lion Sup ple men tary Bud get Re qu est 6. (C) The Sup ple men tary Bud get. Ac cor ding to the Pro se cu tor and Bram mertz, the

ICTY re cently sent a sup ple men tary bud get re qu est, for $30 mil lion, to New York. Ap -pa rently, the sup ple men tary bud get wo uld post po ne the sche du led 2009 dow nsi zing to2010, re ta i ning all per son nel who we re ten ta ti vely sla ted for cuts. Holt hu is stres sed thatthe sup ple men tary bud get was ne ces sary be ca u se they are still run ning at full ste am withthe ar ri val of fo ur new fu gi ti ves, in clu ding Ka rad zic, Zu pla ja nin, To li mir and Djor dje vic,no ting that they con ti nue to run the sa me num ber of tri als and will do so for so me ti mein to the fu tu re. Af ter so me pres su re from Am bas sa dor Wil li am son, ho we ver, both Bram -mertz and Holt hu is ad mit ted that the ICTY had a Plan B if the ir sup ple men tal bud get re -qu est was not ac cep ted. (Com ment: Po car did not men tion a “Plan B”, and Bram mertzand Holt hu is did not pro vi de de ta ils on the “Plan B”. Ho we ver, in a se pa ra te con ver sa -tion, Po car’s Chef de Ca bi net advi sed Em bassy Of fi cer that Po car’s Plan B was to tran -sfer ad di ti o nal ca ses to the re gion.)

De ve lop ments in the Ka rad zic Trial:Ti ming, the Bench, and Pro Se As si stan ce

6. (C) Con ver sa ti ons with ICTY of fi ci als re ve a led in for ma tion on the ti ming forthe Ka rad zic trial, on-go ing spe cu la tion abo ut the fu tu re trial bench, the ef forts toamend the in dic tment, and the esta blis hment of a new pro se of fi ce wit hin the Re gi stry.With re spect to ti ming, ICTY of fi ci als se e med in ge ne ral agre e ment that the Ka rad zictrial wo uld start by the mid dle of next year, per haps be fo re Bram mertz in di ca ted hetho ught the trial wo uld ta ke abo ut 18 months. (Com ment: Ac cor ding to a draft trial ca -len dar seen at a sub se qu ent re gi stry me e ting, ho we ver, the Ka rad zic trial was mar kedas po ten ti ally star ting next fall, af ter the con clu sion of the Go to vi na ca se.) As to the trialbench, Qcon clu si on of the Go to vi na ca se.) As to the trial bench, cur rently only the Pre-Trial Cham ber has been ap po in ted. Po car ex pla i ned that he wants three per ma nent jud -ges on the Trial Cham ber, in part to avoid the need for ex ten si ons of ad li tem jud ges.(Com ment: Alt ho ugh the ICTY Pre si dent ap po ints the Trial Cham ber, Po car may notbe ma king that de ci sion if he steps down as ex pec ted in No vem ber.) Bram mertz ap pe -ars to be li e ve that Jud ge Bo nomy will be on the bench, but an Em bassy so ur ce in di ca -ted that this has not been de ci ded. Re gar ding the Ka rad zic in dic tment, the OTP sta tedthat they ha ve been wor king “day and night” to fi le a mo tion pro po sing re vi si ons to the11-co unt in dic tment, which they ex pect to com ple te by Sep tem ber 22 at the la test.They in di ca ted that the re vi si ons we re in ten ded to cre a te a stron ger and le a ner in dic -tment, which wo uld in clu de cut ting the num ber of mu ni ci pa li ti es and re du cing the ti -me fra me on the shel ling of Sa ra je vo. Ad di ti o nally, in re vi sing the in dic tment, the Pro -se cu tion wo uld al so be ta king in to ac co unt adju di ca ted facts. (Com ment: The mo tionto amend the in dic tment, which was fi led Sep tem ber 22 and is on the ICTY web si te,did cut the num ber of af fec ted mu ni ci pa li ti es by ap pro xi ma tely 1/3, from 41 to 27. Ital so pro po ses two new co unts: it split the exi sting sin gle co unts of ge no ci de in to two(to co ver dif fe rent lo ca li ti es and ti mes) and al so ad ded a co unt of un law ful at tacks onci vi li ans.) Bram mertz in di ca ted that the OTP had se pa ra tely be gun re vi e wing the in -dic tments of the two re ma i ning fu gi ti ves, Mla dic and Had zic, so they wo uld not be ca -ught in the sa me pre di ca ment again. With re spect to the pro se of fi ce, Holt hu is al soadvi sed that the Re gi stry has set up an of fi ce de di ca ted to pro se is su es, from which he210

ex pec ted Ka rad zic and the ot her pro se de fen dants to be ne fit. Ac cor ding to Holt hu is, asi mi lar of fi ce had been used du ring the Mi lo se vic trial.

Com ments: Vi sit Pro vi ded Ex cel lent Op por tu nityto Chan ge To ne of Di scus sion and Ex pec ta ti ons

7. (C) Am bas sa dor Wil li am son’s vi sit pro vi ded an ex cel lent op por tu nity to chan gethe to ne of di scus si ons re gar ding Re si dual Is su es and ad dress ICTY’s ex pec ta ti ons in thisre spect. Ha ving ear li er re ce i ved a copy of a com pre hen si ve Bel gian draft se cu rity co un -cil re so lu tion re gar ding Re si dual Is su es, ICTY so ur ces, both with the Re gi stry and Cham -ber, had high ex pec ta ti ons with re spect to Re si dual Is su es. The Em bassy be li e ves Am -bas sa dor Wil li am son’s vi sit as si sted in tem pe ring ICTY ex pec ta ti ons.

Cul bert son

LXVIIIRe fe ren ce id: 08BEL GRA DE1097Su bject: Ser bia: Pro spects For Com ple tion Of Icty Co o pe ra tionOri gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Wed, 22 Oct 2008 14:28 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec ret//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2008/10/08BEL GRA DE1097.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Sun, 12 Dec 2010 11:37 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on


Me dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments: VZCZCXRO3507 RR RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU E HROV DE RU -

EHBW #1097/01 2961428 ZNY SSSSS ZZH R 221428Z OCT 08 ZDS FM AMEM -BASSY BEL GRA DE TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC 0554 IN FO RU -EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE RHEHNS/NSC WASHDC RHM-FISS/JO INT STAFF WASHDC

Hi de he a der

Sec ret COR REC TED COPY – COR REC TED CAP TION NO FORN E.O. 12958:

DECL: 10/22/2018 Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs],

KWAC, SR [Ser bi a] Ref: A. A) BEL GRA DE 577 B. B) BEL GRA DE 718 C. C) IIR 6 904 0010 09 D.

D) BEL GRA DE 616 E. E) BEL GRA DE 958 BEL GRA DE 00001097 001.2 OF 003Clas si fied By: De puty Chi ef of Mis sion Jen ni fer Brush for re a sons 1.4 (b/d)

Sum mary 1. (C) The Ser bian go vern ment’s co o pe ra tion with the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu -

nal for the For mer Yugo sla via has in cre a sed sin ce par li a men tary elec ti ons in May and to -ok a dra ma tic step for ward just af ter the July for ma tion of the new go vern ment with the

211

ar rest of war ti me Bo snian Serb po li ti cal le a der Ra do van Ka rad zic. The new go vern ment,un hin de red by un co o pe ra ti ve De moc ra tic Party of Ser bia of fi ci als in the Se cu rity In for -ma tion Agency and the In ter i or Mi ni stry, ap pe ars bet ter able to in ve sti ga te the fu gi ti ves’whe re a bo uts and act on le ads. Cross-bor der in for ma tion sha ring with NA TO in Bo sniahas al so en han ced the go vern ment’s ca pa bi li ti es. The new, pro-We stern go vern ment,which ran on an EU in te gra tion plat form, cle arly has the will to ful fill Ser bia’s co o pe ra -tion obli ga ti ons. Po li ti cal le a ders are for the first ti me tal king abo ut the mo ral obli ga tionto ap pre hend fu gi ti ves, not just the eco no mic be ne fits of jo i ning the EU. Whi le tec hni calco o pe ra tion, in clu ding pro vi ding war ti me do cu ments and fin ding wit ness, will con ti nueun til the Tri bu nal con clu des its work, the go vern ment will need to ma ke good on its pro -mi se to cap tu re and ex tra di te the re ma i ning fu gi ti ves and clo se that chap ter of its co o pe -ra tion obli ga ti ons on ce and for all. End Sum mary.

Go vern ment Co o pe ra tion In cre a sed2. (SBU) Fol lo wing par li a men tary elec ti ons in May, the Ser bian go vern ment step -

ped up ac ti vity to lo ca te and ar rest the re ma i ning fo ur fu gi ti ves in dic ted for war cri mesby the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the For mer Yugo sla via (ICTY). The Ser biango vern ment ar re sted two of the re ma i ning fo ur ICTY fu gi ti ves, Ka rad zic advi sor Sto janZu plja nin on Ju ne 11 (Ref A), as co a li tion ne go ti a ti ons we re be ing fi na li zed, and Ka rad -zic him self on July 21, just two we eks af ter the for ma tion of the new De moc ra tic Party-led co a li tion go vern ment (Ref B). Ka rad zic’s ar rest fu e led spe cu la tion that the new, Euro -pean-ori en ted go vern ment wo uld soon ar rest Bo snian Serb war ti me mi li tary le a der Rat -ko Mla dic, who is ac cu sed of ma ster-min ding and exe cu ting the mass exe cu ti on of Bo -snian Mu slims du ring fi ve years of war in Bo snia. Ob ser vers had long tho ught that thear rests of Ka rad zic and Mla dic, the best known of the re ma i ning fo ur in dic te es, wo uld bethe most dif fi cult po li ti cally for the go vern ment gi ven that many Serbs still deny that theatro ci ti es for which they are ac cu sed to ok pla ce.

3. (C) On Oc to ber 8, the of fi ce of the War Cri mes Pro se cu tor an no un ced that it hadsum mo ned for qu e sti o ning se ven in di vi du als su spec ted of hel ping hi de Zu plja nin. WarCri mes Pro se cu tor spo ke sman Bru no Ve ka ric said the in di vi du als we re iden ti fied in a po -li ce in ve sti ga tion in to Zu plja nin’s sup port net work, which re ve a led links to the sup portnet works of ot her ICTY fu gi ti ves, in clu ding Mla dic and Ka rad zic. The in ve sti ga tion hadal ready yiel ded 30 na mes, and the ope ra tion wo uld con ti nue for se ve ral mo re days, ac -cor ding to the sta te ment. (No te: the War Cri mes Co urt has its own po li ce unit.) War Cri -mes Pro se cu tor Vla di mir Vuk ce vic told us pri va tely that the first in ter ro ga ted su spect, for -mer Voj vo di na Exe cu ti ve Co un cil Pre si dent Ko vilj ko Lo vre, ad mit ted to as si sting Zu -plja nin.

New Go vern ment Mo re Ca pa ble and Wil ling 4. (C) Ob ser vers ha ve long spe cu la ted whet her the pre vi o us go vern ment knew whe -

re Ka rad zic and Mla dic we re. Many be li e ved that the pre vi o us go vern ment had eno ughin for ma tion to lo ca te the fu gi ti ves had it un der ta ken a vi go ro us in ve sti ga tion. De ta ils thatha ve been sur fa cing abo ut the ar rest of Ka rad zic sug gest this may be true. B92 re por tedon Sep tem ber 29 that Se cu rity In for ma tion Agency (BIA) di rec tor Ra de Bu la to vic (DSS)had had in for ma tion on Ka rad zic’s whe re a bo uts for months. Both Bu la to vic and for merDSS Pri me Mi ni ster Ko stu ni ca pu blicly de nied that they had known Ka rad zic’s whe re -212

a bo uts. A clo se advi sor of De puty Pri me Mi ni ster Ivi ca Da cic told us that Bu la to vic hadre ce i ved the in for ma tion six months be fo re the new go vern ment for med but did not acton it, be ca u se of DSS Pri me Mi ni ster Ko stu ni ca’s ide o lo gi cal kin ship with Ka rad zic anda lack of in ter na ti o nal pres su re. When the go vern ment chan ged, Bu la to vic had pre sen tedthe in for ma tion – in ex chan ge for the pro mi se of an am bas sa dor ship – to Ta dic and hisNa ti o nal Se cu rity Advi sor Mi ki Ra kic, who then plan ned the ar rest (Ref C). (No te: The -re are ru mors that Bu la to vic will be ap po in ted as Am bas sa dor to Syria.) Na ti o nal Co un -cil for Co o pe ra tion with the Ha gue Tri bu nal Pre si dent Ra sim Lja jic pu blicly af fir med thatthe go vern ment had be gun de ve lo ping in for ma tion on Ka rad zic ear li er – but did not spe -cify when – and had ar re sted him when the se cu rity risk was lo west. Vuk ce vic told us thear rest had co me af ter a month of trac king Ka rad zic’s sup port net work and that only threepe o ple in the co un try had known abo ut the ope ra tion in advan ce, in clu ding him self, newBIA di rec tor Sa sa Vu ka di no vic, and Ra kic, who re por tedly or che stra ted the Zu plja nin ar -rest as well (Ref D).

5. (S/NF) Wha te ver the truth abo ut when the go vern ment be ca me awa re of Ka rad -zic’s whe re a bo uts, se ve ral ob ser vers no te that the ab sen ce of DSS from the cur rent co a -li tion is key to the re ne wed ent hu si asm for cap tu ring the fu gi ti ves. Hu ma ni ta rian LawCen ter Di rec tor Na ta sa Kan dic told us that with Ko stu ni ca go ne, the DS now had the po -li ti cal will to com ple te ICTY co o pe ra tion. ICTY Bel gra de chi ef Deyan Mi hov told us thatthe at mosp he re at BIA was com ple tely dif fe rent with Sa sa Vu ka di no vic in char ge; co o -pe ra tion with ICTY Bel gra de had im pro ved mar kedly. Mi hov said Bu la to vic was eva si -ve and “co uld sell you anything.” Bu la to vic had con si stently avo i ded an swe ring Mi hov’squ e sti ons abo ut whet her BIA had col lec ted any DNA or fin ger prints in its in ve sti ga ti onsof Ka rad zic’s whe re a bo uts. Our con tacts with BIA ha ve al so im pro ved sin ce Vu ka di no -vic to ok over; he wel co mes vi sits from the Em bassy’s Spe cial As si stant Of fi ce and hassaid he wants to be su re that Mla dic is cap tu red on Ser bian soil to show that Ser bia is alaw-abi ding co un try. Pre si dent of the Spe cial War Cri mes Co urt Jud ge Si ni sa Va zic toldus that pre vi o us In ter i or Mi ni ster Dra gan Jo cic (DSS) had po li ti ci zed ICTY co o pe ra tionand had not ope ra ted tran spa rently, hin de ring pre vi o us ca ses.

6. (SBU) Mi hov told us he tho ught in ter na ti o nal pres su re had in part been re spon si -ble for the go vern ment’s re cent ac ti ons, but that it was cle arly wil ling and able to com -ple te the ar rests with con ti nued en co u ra ge ment. Ac cor ding to Mi hov, Pre si dent Ta dic toldICTY Chi ef Pro se cu tor Ser ge Bram mertz (Ref E) that he knew Ser bia ne e ded to bringMla dic in to lift Dutch op po si tion to Ser bia’s EU in te gra tion, but that Ser bia wo uld cap -tu re Had zic as well be ca u se ICTY co o pe ra tion was both a mo ral and le gal obli ga tion. Mi -hov said Bram mertz was ca u ti o usly op ti mi stic that Ser bia wo uld cap tu re Mla dic wit hinthe next se ve ral months.

7. (SBU) Vuk ce vic’s of fi ce told us it now had bet ter in for ma tion to con duct its in -ve sti ga ti ons, thanks to on go ing me e tings that be gan in Ju ne 2008 bet we en the War Cri -mes Pro se cu tion and NA TO/U.S. Corp Bo snia, which post fa ci li ta ted. Vuk ce vic said thein for ma tion ex chan ged, par ti cu larly on the net works of sup por ters, en han ced Ser bia’sabi lity to se arch for ICTY fu gi ti ves.

Go vern ment’s Mes sa ge of Mo ral Re spon si bi lity8. (SBU) In the months sin ce Ka rad zic’s ar rest, Pre si dent Ta dic, Lja jic, Vuk ce vic,

and ot her of fi ci als ha ve ma de se ve ral pu blic sta te ments abo ut the im por tan ce of cap tu -213

ring the re ma i ning fu gi ti ves, not just for prag ma tic re a sons but al so be ca u se of the needfor re con ci li a tion with the past. DS Vi ce Pre si dent Du san Pe tro vic as su red us that the go -vern ment pla ced im por tan ce on hel ping the pu blic to un der stand and over co me the pastand pro mo te re con ci li a tion.

9. (SBU) ICTY Co or di na tion Co un cil Di rec tor Du san Ig nja to vic in for med us thego vern ment plan ned a se ri es of pu blic di scus si ons to ex pla in the events of the 1990sand the im por tan ce of ICTY‘s work. In co o pe ra tion with the OSCE and ICTY Bel gra -de, the ICTY Co or di na tion Co un cil held its first pro gram on August 18 in the easternSer bian town of Za je car. Spe a kers from OSCE, ICTY, and the Co or di na tion Co un cilap pe a red on a lo cal pri me ti me te le vi sion talk show and to ok calls from vi e wers. Ig na -to vic said the go vern ment was con si de ring ex pan ding the pro gram to ot her towns andeven tu ally bro ad ca sting the di scus si ons on na ti o nal bro ad ca ster Ra dio-Te le vi sion Ser -bia. He said that Ser bian ci ti zens wo uld not ex pe ri en ce any epip ha ni es in the ir un der -stan ding of the events of the 1990s but with ca re ful mes sa ges wo uld even tu ally co meto terms with the past. Ig nja to vic said this mes sa ge was a to ugh sell with most Serbs,sin ce the ac qu it tals in 2008 of Bo sni ak com man der Na ser Oric, ac qu it ted July 3 ofmur de ring Ser bian pri so ners of war, and Ko so vo Li be ra tion Army com man der Ra -smush Ha ra di naj, ac qu it ted April 3 of tar ge ting and kil ling ci vi li ans, he ig hte ned a sen -se that ICTY was bi a sed aga inst Ser bia.

10. (SBU) Mi hov told us the chal len ge for the go vern ment wo uld be to com pe tewith sen sa ti o na list, na ti o na list co ve ra ge in the ta blo ids, which still had a chi ef ro le in for -ming po pu lar opi nion. Mi hov said Ta dic had con fi ded to Bram mertz that he felt the go -vern ment had mis sed an op por tu nity to edu ca te pe o ple abo ut war cri mes im me di a tely af -ter Ka rad zic’s ar rest when the ta bloid press was con su med with sen sa ti o na li zing de ta ilsof Ka rad zic’s fal se iden tity as a na tu ral me di ci ne gu ru. The go vern ment ne e ded to showICTY in dic te es as cri mi nals, not he ro es, Mi hov said.

Beyond the Ar rests11. (SBU) The cap tu re of the re ma i ning in dic te es re ma ins the most high pro fi le

aspect of ICTY co o pe ra tion, but the re are ot her im por tant ele ments to Ser bia’s ICTYco o pe ra tion, such as han ding over do cu ments to the pro se cu tion and ser ving sub po e -nas to ICTY wit nes ses. Alt ho ugh the se ele ments are not as high-pro fi le, ICTY Bel gra -de’s Mi hov told us it was es sen tial for Ser bia to con ti nue to co o pe ra te in the se are as inor der to ob tain a fa vo ra ble re port from Bram mertz. Mi hov said Ser bia was mostlycom pli ant with this tec hni cal co o pe ra tion. For the most part Ser bia was complyingwith do cu ment re qu ests, he said, alt ho ugh ICTY had had to go to co urt to ob tain so mena ti o nal se cu rity-re la ted do cu ments. The go vern ment was still hol ding out on one do -cu ment, but Mi hov had high ex pec ta ti ons of re ce i ving it. Mi hov said the re we re al soso me is su es with lo ca ting wit nes ses but most we re not con ten ti o us. He ad ded that theICTY had no com pla ints abo ut how the go vern ment was han dling al le ga ti ons of wit -ness in ti mi da tion. Ac cor ding to the war cri mes pro se cu tion’s sta te ment on the in ve sti -ga tion in to Zu plja nin’s net work, one of the ele ments un der in ve sti ga tion was wit nessin ti mi da tion.

12. (SBU) Ser bia is al so pro se cu ting a num ber of war cri mes ca ses do me sti cally.War Cri mes Co urt Pre si dent Jud ge Si ni sa Va zic told us that ca ses in the war cri mes spe -cial co urt we re pro ce e ding slowly, in lar ge part due to spa ce is su es. Va zic said the re was214

not eno ugh spa ce to han dle the 11 on go ing war cri mes tri als and 25 on go ing in ve sti ga ti -ons. (No te: The war cri mes co urt, bu ilt with USG tec hni cal and fi nan cial sup port, hasonly three co ur tro oms equ ip ped for mul ti-de fen dant tri als and only two co ur tro oms forin ve sti ga ti ve in ter vi ews, and it sha res this spa ce with the Cor rup tion Spe cial Co urt. Theco ur tro oms ope ra te in two shifts, but each ca se can be he ard only thre e to fo ur days permonth.) Vuk ce vic told us he was proud he had ma de sig ni fi cant pro gress in 2008 on se -ve ral ca ses that had pre vi o usly been mo ving slowly, in clu ding the Zvor nik, Lo vas, BytyqiBrot hers, Su va Re ka, and Ov ca ra ca ses.

Com ment 13. (S) We wel co me the shift in the go vern ment’s mes sa ge that ICTY co o pe ra tion

will not only bring eco no mic re wards – which opi nion polls show to be the big gestcon cern of Ser bian ci ti zens – but is al so a mo ral obli ga tion. The new go vern ment at le -ast is tal king abo ut sha red va lu es with the West and be ing a good ne ig hbor. Ha ving go -ne to gre at lengths to de mon stra te its will to cap tu re and hand over the re ma i ning fu -gi ti ves, the Ser bian go vern ment now ne eds to de li ver. The re is a win dow of op por tu -nity of high ex pec ta ti ons. If Ser bia wis hes to re ap the re wards of Euro pean in te gra tionand truly mo ve beyond its pa in ful past, now is the ti me to ma ke the fi nal push in se e -king out and cap tu ring the se fu gi ti ves. Whet her for prag ma tic or mo re ele va ted re a -sons, we now be li e ve the go vern ment will do its ut most to bring in Mla dic and Had -zic. End Com ment.

Mun ter

LXIXRe fe ren ce id: 08BEL GRA DE1189Su bject: Ser bia: New Con fi gu ra ti ons On The Ser bian RightOri gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Wed, 19 Nov 2008 11:52 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec ret//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2008/11/08BEL GRA DE1189.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments: VZCZCXRO4680 RR RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU EHNP RU E HROV

DE RU EHBW #1189/01 3241152 ZNY SSSSS ZZH R 191152Z NOV 08 ZDK FMAMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC 0647 IN FO RU -EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE RU E A I IA/CIA WASHDCRHEHNS/NSC WASHDC RHMFISS/HQ USE U COM VA I HIN GEN GE

Hi de he a der

Sec ret SIP DIS E.O. 12958: DECL: 11/19/2018 Tags: PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], SR [Ser bi a]

215

Ref: A. BEL GRA DE 1108 B. BEL GRA DE 1072 C. BEL GRA DE 913 Clas si fiedBy: Ac ting De puty Chi ef of Mis sion Thatcher Scharpf for re as ons 1.4(b/d).

Sum mary

1. (C) The af ter math of the Sep tem ber split in the Ser bian Ra di cal Party (SRS) hasus he red in a pe riod of re a lig nment on the Ser bian right as par ti es strug gle to de fi nethem sel ves as al ter na ti ves to Pre si dent Ta dic’s do mi nant De moc ra tic Party (DS) co a li -tion. Whi le ex-Ra di cal To mi slav Ni ko lic’s Ser bian Pro gres si ve Party (SNS) cla ims tobe tar ge ting the po li ti cal cen ter with pro-Euro pean rhe to ric, the SRS con ti nu es to oc -cupy the ul tra na ti o na list spa ce with un re for med rhe to ric and tac tics. Me an whi le, Vo ji -slav Ko stu ni ca’s De moc ra tic Party (DSS) of Ser bia has alig ned it self with the NewSer bia Party (NS) and ex-Ra di cal Ma ja Goj ko vic’s re cently-for med Pe o ple’s Party(NP) in an at tempt to pre sent them sel ves as a vi a ble na ti o na list al ter na ti ve. Vuk Dra -sko vic’s Ser bian Re ne wal Mo ve ment (SPO) at the sa me ti me is cla i ming the man tle ofthe pro-Euro pean Ser bian right. Whi le the pro-Euro pean rhe to ric from the SNS andSPO is en co u ra ging, we still awa it mo re evi den ce of pro-Euro pean po li ti cal will on thepo li ti cal right. End Sum mary.

Pro gres si ves: Tar ge ting the Mo de ra te Cen ter-Right 2. (S) The emer gen ce of the SNS, fo un ded by for mer Ra di cals To mi slav Ni ko lic and

Alek san dar Vu cic, has been the ca talyst for re cent re a lig nments on the Ser bian right. Di -plo ma tic and po li ti cal con tacts ha ve re por ted that the split bet we en ICTY-in dic ted warcri mi nal Vo ji slav Se selj’s Ra di cals and Ni ko lic’s Pro gres si ves was in lar ge part promp -ted by the prag ma tic re cog ni tion by Ni ko lic and his tycoon fi nan ci ers that the Ser bianelec to ra te was tur ning to ward Euro pe. In ad di tion, Mi do drag Ra kic, a clo se advi ser toPre si dent Ta dic, told the DCM on No vem ber 3 that Ta dic had ta sked him six months ear -li er with en co u ra ging Ni ko lic to split with the SRS be ca u se the SNS sup port ba se wo uldbe im por tant for advan cing Ser bia’s pro-Euro pean agen da. Our me dia con tacts re port thatRa kic ac ti vely so ught press co ve ra ge for the SNS fo un ding con gress on Oc to ber 21. Ni -ko lic pu blicly has de nied spe cu la tion that the SNS wo uld form a co a li tion with the DSbut has been ca re ful not to ru le out post-elec tion sce na ri os.

3. (SBU) Re cent na ti o nal pol ling sho wing the SNS as the se cond most po pu lar partyna ti o nally be hind the DS was re cently sup por ted by the SNS’s first elec to ral test in fo urmu ni ci pal elec ti ons on No vem ber 9. The SNS ca me in se cond be hind the DS in Ru ma,Vr njac ka Ba nja, and Pri je po le, and ca me in third in Knja ze vac. In all con tests the SNSout pol led the SRS by an ave ra ge of two-thirds. In the mu ni ci pa lity of Ru ma, a Se seljstrong hold, the SNS won over 17% to the SRS’s 8%. Party le a ders on No vem ber 12 con -fir med that the vic to ri o us Sand zak De moc ra tic Party in Pri je po le wo uld se ek to form aco a li tion with the SNS and the DS-led co a li tion bloc. A na ti o nal Me di um Gal lup poll re -le a sed on No vem ber 8 sho wed that the DS was sup por ted by 38.9% of the elec to ra te,whi le the SNS and SRS won 22.7% and 10.8%, re spec ti vely.

4. (C) A key part of the SNS po li ti cal stra tegy is to pre sent a mo de ra te ima ge of SNSle a der ship whi le se e king to di sas so ci a te the party from the ide as Ni ko lic and Vu cic hadem bra ced du ring the ir days with the SRS. Pamphlets di stri bu ted at ki osks aro und Bel gra -de in re cent days ha ve hig hlig hted SNS’s prin ci ples of pre ser ving ter ri to rial in te grity, as -si sting Serbs everywhe re, equ al ju sti ce un der law, to le ran ce, ne u tra lity, an ti-cor rup tion,216

and so cial ju sti ce. In a mid-Oc to ber con ver sa tion with Po loff, SNS spo ke sman and mem -ber of the pre si dency Ne boj sa Ste fa no vic no ted that the top pri o rity of the SNS wo uldbe to fo cus on eco no mic de ve lop ment to as sist Ser bia’s im po ve ris hed re gi ons. Theparty’s first po licy pro po sals in this re alm, Ste fa no vic said, wo uld be ma de pu blic inNo vem ber. (Com ment: The SRS has long ca te red to the unem ployed, pen si o ners andot hers who lost eco no mic stan ding du ring the tran si tion. End Com ment.) Ste fa no vicsaid that the SNS has been suc cessfully win ning over the SRS elec to ral ba se as well asat trac ting mo de ra te mem bers of the DSS, NS, and even the DS-lin ked oli garch Mi o -drag Ni ko lic Fe man from Ja go di na. The SNS, Ste fa no vic said, do es not ad he re to ide -o logy but to a party &idea,8 which is less ri gid than ide o logy and me rely &gi ves pe o -ple so met hing to stand for.

5. (C) Com men ting on fo re ign po licy, Ste fa no vic said that Ni ko lic and Vu cic wo uldcon di tion the Ser bian pu blic to re a li ze that the idea of Gre a ter Ser bia was &a dre am thatco uld not be re a li zed.8 Qu ickly di sa vo wing Gre a ter Ser bia wo uld ma ke Ni ko lic and Vu -cic ap pe ar li ke hypoc ri tes or op por tu nists, Ste fa no vic said. (Vu cic on Oc to ber 30 pu bliclysta ted that Gre a ter Ser bia was &un re a li stic po licy.8) Ste fa no vic re af fir med his party’s de -si re for Ser bian mem ber ship in the EU, and esti ma ted that a per ma nent re so lu tion to Ko -so vo co uld be ac hi e ved wit hin 4-5 years. The EU, ho we ver, ne e ded to be mo re con sci o -us of sen ding po si ti ve sig nals be fo re the elec to ra te wo uld be pre pa red to ac cept a Ko so -vo so lu tion. Re gar ding Bo snia, Ste fa no vic sta ted that the SNS wo uld not sup port se pa ra -tist gro ups or mo ve ments in the Re pu bli ka Srp ska (RS), but wo uld sup port RS in de pen -den ce if Bo snian Serbs vo te for it.

SRS: Still the Ul tra na ti o na list Re fu ge 6. (SBU) Whi le the SNS tri es to de mon stra te that its mo de ra te stan ce is a cre di ble

bre ak from the past, the SRS con ti nu es to of fer ul tra na ti o na list, cha u vi ni stic rhe to ric andre ma ins un der Se selj’s firm con trol. In re spon se to post’s De fen se At tac he’s re qu est tome et with Dra gan To do ro vic in the lat ter’s ca pa city as cha ir man of the De fen se Com mit -tee, the SRS on Oc to ber 21 is sued a vi tri o lic pu blic sta te ment con dem ning U.S. po licyto ward Ser bia and Ko so vo. The sta te ment emp ha si zed that Ra di cals do not me et with of -fi ci als of co un tri es that ha ve re cog ni zed Ko so vo, and that the SRS wo uld not me et withthe U.S. re pre sen ta ti ves &be ca u se Was hing ton is the cre a tor of the NA TO sta te of Ko so -vo and he ads the cam pa ign for its re cog ni tion, thus se ri o usly thre a te ning Ser bia’s so ve -re ignty and ter ri to rial in te grity.8 (Ot her non-Ra di cal mem bers of the De fen se Com mit teecri ti ci zed To do ro vic’s sta te ment, com pla i ning they we re not con sul ted in the mat ter andsaying the com mit tee ne e ded to ha ve di a lo gue with fo re ign di plo mats.) The SRS con ti -nu es to ob struct the work of Par li a ment wit ho ut of fe ring al ter na ti ve po li ci es, and haspled ged ne ver to work in co njun ction with the SNS.

7. (SBU) The SRS is seen as a thre a te ning for ce that is not re luc tant to em ployphysi cal vi o len ce. Mul ti ple press re ports in di ca te Se selj or de red the SRS to &ma ke alit tle war8 in Hrt ko vic, an SRS ba se with enor mo us symbo lic sig ni fi can ce whe re Vu -cic and SNS sup por ters plan ned to rally on No vem ber 2. The rally was ban ned by aut -ho ri ti es in advan ce. Tho ugh an SRS spo ke sman de nied cla ims that the SRS had pro vi -ded fi re arms to wo uld-be pro te stors, so me press re por ted that Se selj him self so ught toha ve Vu cic as sas si na ted. Vu cic and SNS col le a gu es even tu ally held a rally in Hrt ko vic

217

on No vem ber 5 wit ho ut ma jor in ci dent. (Se selj’s Ha gue in dic tment ac cu ses him of or -de ring the de por ta tion of Cro ats from Hrt ko vic, the reby len ding the city ad di ti o nal hi -sto ric sig ni fi can ce.)

DSS, NS and NP: The New Na ti o na list Op po si tion8. (SBU) As the SRS ma in ta ins its ul tra na ti o na list bent, Vo ji slav Ko stu ni ca’s DSS

and Ve li mir Ilic’s NS ha ve at temp ted to cre a te a mo dern na ti o na list front whi le espo u singcon di ti o nal sup port for Ser bian EU mem ber ship. On No vem ber 4, ex-Ra di cal and for -mer No vi Sad Mayor Ma ja Goj ko vic sig ned a co a li tion agre e ment bet we en her NP andthe DSS and NS. The agre e ment lays out broad prin ci ples *such as pre ser ving the &hig -hest mo ral prin ci ples8 in po li tics, pro tec ting Ser bia’s ter ri to rial in te grity, se e king Euro -pean in te gra tion, com ba ting po verty, and fo ste ring eco no mic de ve lop ment * with no spe -ci fic po licy pre scrip ti ons. (Com ment: The early alig nment bet we en DSS, NS, and NP ap -pe ars to be a shrewd po li ti cal mo ve, pro bably in sti ga ted by Ko stu ni ca, to de pri ve the SNSof co a li tion part ners and thus ke ep the SNS iso la ted. End Com ment.) One of the bloc’sfirst mo ves was to call for a mo tion of no con fi den ce in the go vern ment, a mo ve co-spon -so red by the SRS with the sup port of the SNS. A da te for a vo te on the mo tion has notbeen set. The DSS-NS-SRS mo tion wo uld fall short of suc ce e ding, even with pro mi sedSNS sup port, un less 18 ot her vo tes co uld be won. The un li ke li hood of this sce na rio in di -ca tes that the no-con fi den ce mo tion is an ef fort by the DSS to re gain the ini ti a ti ve as themost cre di ble po li ti cal al ter na ti ve on the right to the cur rent go vern ment.

9. (SBU) The DSS may be fa cing gro wing in ter nal di vi si ons. Ac cor ding to the we -ekly Daily Te le graf and se ve ral Bel gra de ma ga zi nes, top DSS of fi ci als com pla i ned toKo stu ni ca abo ut the ro le of chi ef of staff Alek san dar Ni ki to vic at a la te Oc to ber me e tingof DSS le a der ship to di scuss party mo der ni za tion. Cla i ming that Ni ki to vic for too longheld unju sti fied in flu en ce over party af fa irs, the DSS of fi ci als told Ko stu ni ca that evenDe jan Mi haj lov, for mer sec re tary ge ne ral of Ko stu ni ca’s go vern ment, agreed with the irpo si tion that Ni ki to vic ne e ded to be re ig ned in. Ko stu ni ca re por tedly agreed with the &in -sur gents,8 but ot her DSS of fi ci als, in clu ding Slo bo dan Sa mard zic, Pre drag Bu ba lo andZo ran Lon car, re ma i ned sup por ti ve of Ko stu ni ca’s chi ef advi sor. The DSS re ma ins Ko -stu ni ca’s cre a tu re, ho we ver, and the re are no signs that Ko stu ni ca’s ro le will be chal len -ged (Ref C).

SPO: Se e king to Lead Pro-Euro pean Con ser va ti ves10. (SBU) Tho ugh bo und by its ro le in the go ver ning co a li tion, the SPO in re cent

we eks has at temp ted to ta ke the ini ti a ti ve in re de fi ning its con ser va ti ve ide as and ro le onthe Ser bian right. At a party con gress on Oc to ber 18, SPO Pre si dent Vuk Dra sko vic un -ve i led its pro gram for the &Euro pean Ser bian Right,8 which so ught to pro tect the &na -ti o nal, de ve lop ment, se cu rity and spi ri tual in te rests8 of Ser bia. The twenty-pa ge do cu -ment de scri bes the de ve lop ment of the Euro pean Union and ar gu es on hi sto ri cal, re li gi -o us, and eco no mic gro unds for Ser bia’s mem ber ship in the EU. Ac cor ding to one con -tact, ef forts by Dra sko vic to strip the plat form of calls to re turn the Ser bian king we rebloc ked by SPO de le ga tes.

11. (SBU) Af ter the pu bli ca tion of the Euro pean Ser bian Right plat form and sub -se qu ent in ter vi ews, Dra sko vic was pil lo ried in the press for com men ting that Ser biawo uld en ter the EU wit ho ut Ko so vo. Ex pla i ning his sta te ment to the Am bas sa dor on218

Oc to ber 24, Dra sko vic as ser ted the need to spe ak the truth and it was im por tant for thepu blic to re cog ni ze that Ser bia lac ked tra di ti o nal so ve re ign aut ho rity over Ko so vo sin -ce 1999. The only way for Ser bia to re gain Ko so vo, he said, was thro ugh ga i ning EUmem ber ship and re e sta blis hing Ser bian aut ho rity over Ko so vo wit hin ten years. Cla i -ming the mo ral high gro und as a con ser va ti ve who spo ke the truth, Dra sko vic con dem -ned the SNS and its le a der ship as to ols of Mi lo se vic’s sec ret po li ce, cla i ming that theSRS split was only the con se qu en ce of the Mi lo se vic ca dre re a li zing that Ser bia’s fu -tu re now lay in Euro pe. Por traying the SPO’s pro gram as rec la i ming Ser bia’s pro-We -stern con ser va ti ve tra di tion from the 19th Cen tury un til World War I, Dra sko vic vo i -ced con fi den ce that the SPO wo uld at tract 90% of NS vo ters, 90% of DSS vo ters, and&many8 un na med in tel lec tu als. De spi te his con fi den ce, Dra sko vic do es not ap pe ar toha ve de ve lo ped a cle ar po li ti cal stra tegy to win the se vo ters. So me SPO con tacts ha vetold us that youn ger SPO mem bers ha ve been lo o king for ways to si de li ne Dra sko vicand his wi fe to ce re mo nial po si ti ons in the party so as to pro vi de stron ger po li ti cal le -a der ship.

Com ment 12. (C) Of the par ti es on the Ser bian right, the SNS at pre sent has the gre a test po -

ten tial to tap in to the wi dest cross sec tion of the Ser bian po pu la tion di sen chan ted with thesta tus quo and se e king a pro-Euro pean ori en ta tion. Ho we ver, the com bi na tion of Ni ko -lic’s prag ma tism and his ob jec ti ve to win over SRS and DSS con sti tu en ci es ma kes us ca -u ti o us to be li e ve that the SNS will be able to per ma nently re lin qu ish its ul tra na ti o na listhe ri ta ge when pro-Euro pean rhe to ric be co mes po li ti cally in con ve ni ent. Sup port for theDSS-NS-NP co a li tion, the SRS, and SPO will li kely pa le in com pa ri son to the SNS, andthe par ti es over the next se ve ral months will se ek to por tray them sel ves as the true Ser -bian con ser va ti ves as they se arch for suc cessful po li ti cal stra te gi es. Each of the se par ti esfa ce an up hill climb to ward be co ming a vi a ble cen ter-right al ter na ti ve to Ta dic’s in cre a -singly po wer ful DS. End Com ment.

Mun ter

LXXRe fe ren ce id: 08USUN NEWYORK1159Su bject: Fi nan cing Of Ity And Ic trOri gin: USUN New York (Uni ted Na ti ons) Ca ble ti me: Wed, 10 Dec 2008 23:46 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Un clas si fiedSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2008/12/08USUN NEWYORK1159.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Fri, 26 Aug 2011 02:34 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on

Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTC (diff from ori gi nal)Me dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments: VZCZCXYZ0002 PP RU EH WEB DE RUCNDT #1159/01 3452346 ZNR

UUUUU ZZH P 102346Z DEC 08 FM USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK TO SEC -STA TE WASHDC PRI O RITY 5501

Hi de he a der 219

Un clas SIP DIS E.O. 12958: N/A Tags: AORC [In ter na ti o nal Or ga ni za ti ons and Con fe ren ces], AFIN [Fi nan cial Ma -

na ge ment], KU NR [UN Re form], ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for merYugo sla vi a], IC TR [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for Rwan da], UN GA/C-5 [UN Ge -ne ral As sembly Adm and Bud get Com mit tee, UN Ge ne ral As sembly Fifth Com mit te e]

1. Sum mary: The Fifth Com mit tee will be gin di scus sing the fi nan cing of In ter na ti -o nal Tri bu nal for the For mer Yugo sla via (ITY) and the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nalfor Rwan da (IC TR) on Mon day, De cem ber 15, 2008. Mem ber Sta tes will con si der theFirst Per for man ce Re port for ITY (A/63/559) and IC TR (A/63/558), the re vi sed esti ma -tes ari sing in re spect to Se cu rity Co un cil re so lu tion 1800 (2008) on the ap po int ment ofad di ti o nal ad li tem jud ges at the ITY, and furt her di scuss the is sue of esta blis hing a pos -si ble fi nan cial re ten tion in cen ti ve for the Tri bu nals. End Sum mary.

2. First per for man ce re ports for the ITY (A/63/559) and IC TR (A/63/558): The se re -ports re flect the Sec re tary-Ge ne ral’s (SYG) re qu est for ad di ti o nal ap pro pri a ti ons for theTri bu nals. The in cre a sed re qu i re ments re flect chan ges with re spect to ex chan ge ra tes, in -fla tion, and stan dard sa lary costs. For the IC TR, the SYG re port re qu ests the Ge ne ral As -sembly (GA) to ap pro ve an ad di ti o nal amo unt of $7,831,700 gross ($6,948,00 net) to theIC TR Spe cial Ac co unt for the bi en ni um 2008-2009. For the ITY, the GA is re qu e sted toap pro ve an ad di ti o nal ap pro pri a tion for the bi en ni um 2008-2009 in the amo unt of$13,117,900 gross ($11,404,700 net) to the ITY Spe cial Ac co unt. The De part ment maywish to ta ke in to ac co unt the ob ser va ti ons and re com men da ti ons in the re port of theACABQ, which will be tran smit ted when ava i la ble.

3. Se cu rity co un cil re so lu tion 1800 (2008): This SC re so lu tion de ci ded that the SYGmay ap po int, wit hin exi sting re so ur ces, ad di ti o nal ad li tem jud ges upon the re qu est of theITY Pre si dent in or der to con duct ad di ti o nal tri als, not withstan ding the fact that the to talnum ber of ad li tem jud ges ap po in ted to the Cham bers will from ti me to ti me tem po ra rilyex ce ed the ma xi mum of 12 pro vi ded for in ar tic le 12 (1) of the In ter na ti o nal Tri bu nal sta -tu te. The SYG’s re port on the re vi sed esti ma tes ari sing in re spect of SC re so lu tion 1800(2008) (A/62/809) esti ma tes that the re qu i re ments for the ap po int ment of up to fo ur adli tem jud ges at any one ti me over the ma xi mum of 12 wo uld amo unt to $374,500. Ho -we ver, the re port cla ims that du ring this early sta ge, the Tri bu nal is not in a po si tion to de -ter mi ne whet her the ad di ti o nal costs can be met from wit hin the ap pro ved ap pro pri a tion.The GA may wish to ta ke no te of the pre sent re port and re qu est the SYG to sub mit a re -port on the im ple men ta tion of SC re so lu tion 1800 (2008) in the con text of the se cond per -for man ce re port for the bi en ni um 2008-2009. The ACABQ re port on this mat ter(A/62/7/Add.38), ho we ver, ex pects the ap po int ment of ad di ti o nal ad li tem jud ges will in -deed be im ple men ted from wit hin exi sting re so ur ces. Un less ot her wi se in struc ted,USUN will en dor se the con clu si ons of ACABQ on this item.

4. Re ten tion in cen ti ve: In its re so lu tion 61/274, the GA re qu e sted the SYG to sub -mit a re port on pos si ble me a su res for staff re ten tion no la ter than the first re su med ses -sion of the 62nd UN GA. That re port is con ta i ned in do cu ment A/62/681 and up for di -scus sion du ring the cur rent 63rd UN GA. The SYG re com mends a com bi na tion of mo -ne tary and non-mo ne tary in cen ti ves, of which the for mer is con si de red the most ef fec ti -ve. The SYG wo uld li ke the GA to ap pro ve a fi nan cial in cen ti ve for staff who re main in220

the ir posts un til the ir fun cti ons are no lon ger ne e ded. The SYG re port analyzes three al -ter na ti ve ap pro ac hes to the cal cu la tion of the amo unt of a re ten tion in cen ti ve. Op tion A:The in cen ti ve wo uld apply to eli gi ble staff ha ving com ple ted at le ast two years of ser vi -ce with the Tri bu nals at the ti me the in cen ti ve is due. The in cen ti ve will be cal cu la ted inac cor dan ce with the re com men ded met ho do logy in A/61/824, which re com men ded thataut ho ri za tion be gran ted to the SYG to apply the ter mi na tion in dem ni ti es set out un derthe he a ding “Per ma nent ap po int ments” in an nex III to the Staff Re gu la ti ons and Ru lesfor the spe ci fic and so le pur po se of ap pro ving payments re la ted to the re ten tion in cen ti -ve pac ka ge for the Tri bu nal staff. The fi nan cial im pli ca ti ons are esti ma ted at $11.2 mil -lion for the IC TR and $12.1 mil lion for the ITY. (pa ras. 30 to 35 of A/62/681) Op tion B:The re ten tion in cen ti ve wo uld apply to eli gi ble staff ha ving com ple ted at le ast fi ve yearsof ser vi ce with the Tri bu nals at the ti me the in cen ti ve is due, with all ot her con di ti ons re -ma i ning un chan ged as in Op tion A. The fi nan cial im pli ca ti ons are esti ma ted at $6.9 mil -lion for the IC TR and $7.2 mil lion for the ITY. (pa ras. 36 to 38 of A/62/681) Op tion C:The re ten tion in cen ti ve wo uld apply to eli gi ble staff ha ving com ple ted at le ast fi ve yearsof ser vi ce with the Tri bu nals and be cap ped at an amo unt to be set for the GA, eit her interms of a fi xed num ber of months of sa lary or a fi xed in cen ti ve payment. The fi nan cialim pli ca ti ons will de pend on what li mits are ap pro ved of in the GA. (pa ras. 39 to 40 ofA/62/681)

5. The SYG re port re com mends that this re ten tion in cen ti ve apply to eli gi ble staffwho ha ve com ple ted at le ast fi ve years of ser vi ce with the Tri bu nals at the ti me the in -cen ti ve is due as outli ned in Op tion B. Mo re o ver, the SYG re port cla ims that de sig na tingthis in cen ti ve to a li mi ted gro up of “key” staf fers wo uld be per ce i ved as gi ving une qu altre at ment and co uld un der mi ne staff mo ra le. The SYG re com mends that the re ten tion in -cen ti ve be ap pli ca ble on an as wi de a post co ve ra ge ba sis as pos si ble.

6. The ACABQ re port as con ta i ned in do cu ment A/62/734, ho we ver, re com mendsa dif fe rent sche me. No ting that a re ten tion in cen ti ve is not pro vi ded for in the exi stingStaff Re gu la ti ons and Ru les, the ACABQ re com mends that the GA aut ho ri ze, on an ex -cep ti o nal ba sis, the payment of a re ten tion in cen ti ve to staff re qu i red to re main with theTri bu nals un til the ir ser vi ces and posts are no lon ger ne e ded, as set out in the draw downplans of each Tri bu nal, tar ge ting staff with a mi ni mum of fi ve years of ser vi ce in the Tri -bu nals as outli ned in Op tion C in the SYG re port. The ACABQ al so re com mends theamo unt of the in cen ti ve be cap ped at fi ve months’ sa lary for all staff mem bers, ir re spec -ti ve of the num ber of years of ser vi ce at the Tri bu nals beyond fi ve years. This de ci sionsho uld be do ne on an ad hoc ba sis and not on an amend ment to the Staff Ru les.

7. The In ter na ti o nal Ci vil Ser vi ce Com mis sion (ICSC) 2007 re port as con ta i ned inA/62/30 advi ses that (a) spe cial fi nan cial re ten tion in cen ti ves for the IC TR and ITY arenot con si de red ap pro pri a te be ca u se they are not pro vi ded for in the com mon system andas such wo uld set a pre ce dent, which sho uld be avo i ded; (b) the exi sting con trac tual fra -me work sho uld be used to grant con tracts that wo uld re mo ve the un cer ta inty with re gardto fu tu re em ployment; (c) ot her non-mo ne tary in cen ti ves sho uld be ma de ava i la ble; (d)tho se staff from the Tri bu nals who are of fe red ap po int ments in anot her com mon systemor ga ni za tion sho uld ha ve the ir re por ting da te for the new as sig nment to co in ci de withcom ple tion of the ir work with the Tri bu nal.

8. Un less ot her wi se in struc ted, US Del will con ti nue to up hold the pre vi o usly pro vi -ded US po si tion that the re ten tion in cen ti ve as en vi si o ned by the Tri bu nals is inap pro pri -

221

a te. USUN wo uld draw from the fol lo wing po ints: US is con cer ned with the Tri bu nals’ina bi lity to tar get the in cen ti ve to tho se who ac tu ally need to be re ta i ned thro ugh the com -ple tion of the Tri bu nals’ work. This re ten tion in cen ti ve was not me ant to be a uni ver salbo nus, which may per pe tu a te the pro blem of gra de in fla tion, but rat her it sho uld be usedto en su re that the most cri ti cal staff stay with the Tri bu nal as it works to wards the com -ple tion stra tegy. US no tes the ICSC re com men da ti ons, which cle arly sta te that pro vi dinga fi nan cial in cen ti ve is not ne ces sary and such an in cen ti ve is not pro vi ded in the com -mon system and wo uld thus set a pre ce dent. US do es not sup port the pro po si tion that allor the ma jo rity of cur rent staff are cru cial and need to be gi ven a re ten tion bo nus to re tainthe ir ser vi ces.

Kha lil zad

LXXIRe fe ren ce id: 09STA TE11937Su bject: (u) Sec re tary Clin ton’s Fe bru ary 5, 2009 Ex pan ded Me e ting With French

Fo re ign Mi ni ster Ber nard Ko uc hnerOri gin: Sec re tary of Sta te (Uni ted Sta tes) Ca ble ti me: Tue, 10 Feb 2009 03:28 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec ret//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2009/02/09STA TE11937.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Wed, 1 Dec 2010 00:01 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on


Me dia: Fran ce pres sed U.S. on Kha dr as Ot ta wa stood si lent: Wi ki Le aks – The Glo -be and Mail

Com ments: 0 Com ments: O 100328Z FEB 09 FM SEC STA TE WASHDC TO AMEM BASSY PA RIS IM -

ME DI A TE IN FO USEU BRUS SELS IM ME DI A TE AMEM BASSY MO SCOW IM -ME DI A TE AMEM BASSY TEL AVIV IM ME DI A TE AMEM BASSY CA I RO IM ME -DI A TE USMIS SION USNA TO IM ME DI A TE AMEM BASSY KYIV IM ME DI A TEAMEM BASSY KA BUL IM ME DI A TE AMEM BASSY OT TA WA IM ME DI A TEAMEM BASSY TBI LI SI IM ME DI A TE AMEM BASSY SA RA JE VO IM ME DI A TEAMEM BASSY NA I RO BI IM ME DI A TE AMEM BASSY BE I JING IM ME DI A TEAM CON SUL JE RU SA LEM IM ME DI A TE USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK IM -ME DI A TE AMEM BASSY LON DON IM ME DI A TE

Hi de he a der

Sec ret NO FORN E.O. 12958: DECL: 02/05/2019 Tags: OVIP [Vi sits and Tra vel of Pro mi nent In di vi du als and Le a ders] (CLIN TON,

HIL LARY), PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], KPAL [Pa le sti nian Af fa irs], FR [Fran -ce; Cor si ca], IR [I ran], RS [Rus sia; Wran gel Islands], NA TO [North Atlan tic Tre aty Or -ga ni za ti on], UK [U ni ted King dom], CN [Co mo ros]

Clas si fied By: EUR AS SI STANT SEC RE TARY MAR CIE RI ES, AC TING FORRE A SONS 1.4 (D) 222

1. (S) Sum mary: Sec re tary Clin ton and French Fo re ign Mi ni ster Ber nard Ko uc hnermet on Fe bru ary 5 for 30 mi nu tes in the ir first bi la te ral me e ting. The warm and open ex -chan ge fol lo wed a one-on-one wor king lunch and pre ce ded a 20-mi nu te press con fe ren -ce. The two agreed to co or di na te clo sely on a wi de ran ge of is su es in clu ding the Mid dleEast, Afg ha ni stan, Iran, Rus sia, the Bal kans, GTMO de ta i ne es and Afri ca, espe ci allyDar fur. On Afg ha ni stan, Ko uc hner emp ha si zed the need for gre a ter “Afg ha ni za tion” andin ter na ti o nal “ac cess” to everyday Afg han pe o ple, and asked for U.S. sup port to hold ase cond “Ne ig hbors” con fe ren ce to fol low up on the ini tial De cem ber 14, 2008 event. OnGTMO, the FM in di ca ted Euro pe wo uld help on a ca se-by-ca se ba sis, and asked the U.S.for as si stan ce with a 15-year old Ca na dian na ti o nal, Omar Kha dr. The FM asked for a re -ac tion to its Tran sa tlan tic pa per, pas sed to the U.S. du ring Fran ce’s 2008 EU pre si dency.As the me e ting clo sed, the Sec re tary jo ked that the FM was “not even in her le a gue” con -cer ning cri ti cism when the FM men ti o ned a new bo ok cri ti cal of him that might sparkpress qu e sti ons. End Sum mary.

Mid dle East 2. (C) The Sec re tary ope ned the me e ting by wel co ming FM Ko uc hner and ex pres -

sing ap pre ci a tion for French le a der ship on a broad agen da of co o pe ra tion, which she saidPre si dent Oba ma ho ped to de e pen. Ko uc hner con gra tu la ted the Sec re tary and said he lo -o ked for ward to the ple a su re of wor king to get her on a first na me ba sis. The two then sum -ma ri zed to pics di scus sed in the ir one-on-one me e ting, be gin ning with the Mid dle East.

3. (S) The Sec re tary said she un der stood that the is sue of the Mid dle East was of gra -ve con cern to Fran ce. She ex pres sed ap pre ci a tion for French le a der ship on in ter dic tingwe a pons in to Ga za and with the Co pen ha gen pro cess. She than ked Pre si dent Sar kozy forhis ide as and for French work in pro vi ding as si stan ce to the pe o ple of Ga za. FM Ko uc -hner said that he had met with Pa le sti nian Aut ho rity (PA) PM Abu Ma zen three days pri -or and fo und him com ple tely iso la ted. The re was a ga me be ing played among Arabs,most of whom, Egypti ans ex cep ted, did not ca re. He said “Ab bas is lost. You tried, wetried but not hing has hap pe ned. The key, he said, was to fi gu re out how to bu ild up AbuMa zen in a go vern ment of na ti o nal unity. Sa lam Fayyad was a fan ta stic PM who had ide -as abo ut how to open the Ga za cros sing, spe ci fi cally a tax paid by a gro up of pe o ple whowo uld be ac cep ta ble to both si des just to get the cros sing ope ra ting.” It was espe ci ally im -por tant, he con ti nued, to of fer the Pa le sti nian pe o ple a sign that the cros sing was open be -ca u se of Abu Ma zen’s in vol ve ment. He had to be seen as a le a der. He said it wo uld ta kewe eks and no ted that Ha mas do es not want to talk to Ma zen. Still, it was im por tant tohelp con vin ce the Isra e lis to open the cros sing. Ko uc hner ca u ti o ned that it wo uld be dif -fi cult to get anything do ne ahead of the Isra e li elec tion on Fe bru ary 10.

4. (S) The Sec re tary con cur red that the si tu a tion was dif fi cult. She ad ded that con fi -den ce bu il ding me a su res we re ne e ded so that the Isra e lis wo uld feel com mit ted. It wasim por tant to per su a de the new Isra e li go vern ment to par ti ci pa te in the pe a ce ef fort and becon vin ced that they co uld work with the PA. If Abu Ma zen’s go vern ment of na ti o nalunity is to work, Israel ne eds to un der stand that it sho uld work with him and that this de -ve lop ment co uld help. She was en co u ra ged by the ac ti ons that the Egypti ans had ta kenaga inst the tun nels. She said the re was much to co or di na te and sup por ted the ro le of theQu ar tet, but agreed that lit tle co uld hap pen in advan ce of the Isra e li elec ti ons. She no tedthat the U.S. was con duc ting a re vi ew ba sed on Mitchell’s work.

223

Afg ha ni stan 5. (S) The Sec re tary said that the U.S. was wor king on a com pre hen si ve stra tegy and

than ked the FM for Fran ce’s con tri bu ti ons and co o pe ra tion. Ko uc hner no ted that Fran cehad in cre a sed its tro ops to 3000 from 3300. He said the re was pro gress in se ve ral are as,in clu ding ci vil so ci ety, but pre sen ted a mi xed pic tu re ove rall. He re tur ned se ve ral ti mesto pro blems with ac cess to the po pu la tion and sug ge sted that this was the key. He al sopro mo ted Afg ha ni za tion, saying it was im por tant “for the pe o ple to ta ke the ir own pro -blems in to the ir own hands.” He ex pres sed pri de in the French ho spi tal in Ka bul as anexam ple of what was pos si ble no ting that Afg han pa ti ents we re be ing tre a ted by Afg handoc tors, and even the Ta li ban pre sen ted them sel ves for tre at ment. He said that Ka bul isnot Afg ha ni stan, but that Ka bul works be ca u se it has been “Afg ha ni zed.” The rest of theco un try ne eds the sa me, but it will ta ke years. He was al so con cer ned abo ut gro wing Ira -nian in flu en ce, no ting that a hu ge Shi’a mo sque had re cently been bu ilt with Ira nianfunds.

6. (C) FM Ko uc hner asked for the Sec re tary’s sup port for a fol low-up event to theDe cem ber 14, 2008 “Afg ha ni stan Ne ig hbors con fe ren ce” that Ko uc hner ho sted in Pa ris.The FM said the me e ting had been very in te re sting, de spi te the Ira ni ans not sho wing at thelast mi nu te, and sho uld be re pe a ted if the U.S. agreed. Ko uc hner put the con fe ren ce in thecon text of a bro a der ap pro ach, stres sing “the re is no mi li tary so lu tion in Afg ha ni stan.”

7. (C) The Sec re tary to ok no te of the pro po sal, but ma de no com mit ment on a fol -low-up con fe ren ce. She said the U.S. be li e ved that the re had been so me suc cess with bu -il ding the Army, but mo re pro blems with the po li ce. Both com men ted on the strength ofthe new Mi ni ster of In ter i or. The Sec re tary said that the Mi ni ster of the In ter i or was anin te re sting per son but that it might be ne ces sary to deal with so me of the mo re ra di cal pe -o ple whet her we wan ted to or not. On re con ci li a tion, Ko uc hner said that the re we re so -me very bad pe o ple in vol ved, but they we re na ti o nals of Afg ha ni stan and it was im por -tant to start ne go ti a ti ons, in clu ding the ne go ti a ti ons in Sa u di Ara bia. Fi nally on the pre si -dency, Ko uc hner said “Kar zai is so me body. We ha ve to talk to him, but the re may be ot -her can di da tes.” He said An war-ul-Haq Aha di was such a per son but, whi le in te re sting,he pro bably co uldn’t win aga inst Kar zai. The Sec re tary no ted that Ric hard Hol bro o kewo uld tra vel to the re gion.

Gu an ta na mo 8. (C) The Sec re tary ex pres sed ap pre ci a tion for French le a der ship wit hin the EU on

this is sue. She said she was proud of Pre si dent Oba ma’s com mit ment to clo se the fa ci -lity, cal ling it “a can cer” the U.S. wan ted to ta ke ca re of, but wo uld ta ke ti me. She saidthis was com pli ca ted, so we we re asking fri ends and al li es to con si der ta king so me de ta -i ne es. FM Ko uc hner said the EU 27 had not yet re ac hed con sen sus, but that they “ac cep -ted the idea,” but wo uld con si der de ta i ne es on a ca se-by-ca se ba sis; Euro pe ans do notwant to cre a te le gal pro blems for them sel ves. They we re wor king with three ca te go ri esof in di vi du als. First we re “the best ca ses.” Se cond, we re tho se who had ma de in di vi dualre qu ests for re set tle ment in spe ci fic co un tri es and third wit ho ut le gal pro blems. The re we -re many out stan ding qu e sti ons, such as whet her they had re fu gee sta tus, but be ca u se ofthe Schen gen vi sa re qu i re ments, it was ne ces sary for the EU to ad dress this to get her. Atthe end of this di scus sion, the FM han ded the Sec re tary a pa per con cer ning Omar Kha -dr, a 15-year old Mu slim of Ca na dian ori gin. The Sec re tary agreed to re vi ew the ca se.224

Iran9. (S/NF) The Sec re tary ope ned the di scus sion by al lu ding to the pri va te con ver sa -

tion with FM Ko uc hner and the ir agre e ment that it was im por tant to pre vent furt her de -ve lop ment of Iran’s nuc le ar ca pa bi li ti es and its mis si le pro gram. Iran’s re cent spa ce la -unch com pli ca ted this ef fort no ting that the Ira ni ans had re spec ted no ne of the in ter na ti -o nally re cog ni zed re qu i re ments for a spa ce la un ches spe ci fied in UN Se cu rity Co un cilre so lu ti ons. The FM said he wel co med the U.S. wil ling ness to con si der di rect talks bet -we en the U.S. and Iran. He said that the Ira ni ans we re wa i ting for the U.S. The la unchhad sur pri sed the Rus si ans, of whom he said “they are mo re af fec ted than we be ing 2000ki lo me ters clo ser.” He ad ded that the san cti ons se e med to be ha ving so me ef fect on thedo me stic po pu la tion, but he en ded by re pe a ting the need for a Qu ar tet me e ting. He saidthat it was im por tant for any ap pro ach to be do ne to get her with the Ger mans and the Rus -si ans, par ti cu larly sin ce the Rus si ans are clo ser to Iran and co uld be mo re easily tar ge ted.Ko uc hner sug ge sted not in clu ding the Chi ne se be ca u se the Chi ne se are “ab so lu tely notuse ful” in this pro cess. The Sec re tary said it was im por tant to fol low up, pos sibly withU.K. Fo re ign Sec re tary Da vid Mi li band on the mar gins of the G-20 Sum mit in Lon don.

Rus sia/Ge or gia/Energy 10. (C) FM Ko uc hner told the Sec re tary that Fran ce had been sur pri sed by the Ge -

or gian in va sion. “We did stop it, but we didn’t sol ve it.” He con ti nued that the So uth Os -se ti ans and Ab khaz are a “sort of in de pen dent pe o ple” but he wor ri ed that the re is no hu -ma ni ta rian ac cess to the po pu la tion. He said that Ge or gian PM Sa a kas hvi li had been“badly in spi red; he fell in to the trap.” But the FM said the Ge ne va pro cess sho uld con ti -nue, tho ugh it might ta ke months or years. On energy, he said the EU had been uni ted,but then Po land, Ro ma nia and ot hers had been com ple tely cut off and that both Rus siaand Ukra i ne had been “ab so lu tely aw ful.” He said “a gro up of Euro pe ans we re trying tose cu re a pi pe li ne from one co un try to the ot her.” But he ca u ti o ned that the U.S. po si tionon Mis si le De fen se was al so a fac tor. He com pli men ted Me dve dev as “a nor mal guy, atle ast bet ter than Pu tin,” and cre di ted him with what he be li e ved to be the so und de ci sionnot to put Is kan der mis si les in Ka li ni grad. He said things we re now mo re com pli ca tedwith the Ira nian spa ce la unch. On the who le, things we re fro zen, which was “not bad” asa pla ce to be for the mo ment.

11. (C) Con ti nu ing on Rus sia, Ko uc hner said that the main thing for the U.S. andRus sia to be gin to work to get her. “Let’s talk to them,” he said. He said that the Rus si ansare “ro ugh, ru de, and bru tal,” but we sho uld still en ga ge them. Ko uc hner said Rus sianFM La vrov was one of the most bru tal, but was among the cle ve rest FMs. In any ca se,they we re an im por tant player and had to be in clu ded.

Bal kans 12. (C) FM Ko uc hner said that Bo snia re ma i ned a pro blem, but, it was im por tant to

simply “fol low the road.” It was im por tant to push the Ser bian go vern ment clo ser to theEU, tho ugh he con ce ded this was dif fi cult due to Dutch and Bel gian ob jec ti ons to the fa -i lu re of the Serbs to hand over Rat ko Mla dic to ICTY. Pre su mably re fer ring to EULEX,he said the re was suc cess on the gro und in Ko so vo as the two si des we re not kil ling eachot her and con clu ded that things we re not in a bad pla ce for the mo ment.

225

Dar fur13. (C) FM Ko uc hner told the Sec re tary he tho ught the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Co -

urt (ICC) wo uld soon is sue an ar rest war rant aga inst Su da ne se Pre si dent Omar al– Bas -hir. He com pli men ted the Qa ta ris for playing a use ful ro le with the ir work in Do ha. Hesaid they we re wor king with both si des, in clu ding the Isla mists. He said it had ta ken twoyears to bu ild to ward suc cess. EUFOR, a con tin gent of 17 na ti ons de ployed in EasternChad and nort hern Cen tral Afri can Re pu blic, was a suc cess and he ex pec ted a re so lu tionbe fo re March 15 when EUFOR will hand over its re spon si bi li ti es to the UN (MI NUR -CAT II). On the hu ma ni ta rian front, he esti ma ted that half of the dis pla ced per sons inEastern Chad, ma inly wo men, wo uld be gin co ming ho me in Dar fur by March

Bo ok and Tran sa tlan tic Pa per14. (SBU) As the me e ting en ded, the Sec re tary said the re was a lot to di gest and do.

It wo uld re qu i re co o pe ra tion. On a lig hter no te, FM Ko uc hner said that wa i ting jo ur na -lists might ra i se the is sue of “The World Ac cor ding to K,” the ex po se pu blis hed yester -day ac cu sing him of en ric hing him self as a con sul tant in Afri ca, tar nis hing his hu ma ni ta -rian ima ge. The Sec re tary di smis sed the bo ok, saying “One bo ok? I ha ve 25. You’re noteven in my le a gue!” He said that “the first one hurts a lit tle mo re than the ot hers.” TheFM asked the Sec re tary for US re ac tion to the Tran sa tlan tic pa per pas sed to the U.S. du -ring the French pre si dency. The Sec re tary said she wo uld re vi ew the is sue and re spond.No te: EUR pas sed the pa per to S staff on 2/5/09 and is pre pa ring a re spon se to the FM).End no te.

15. (U) Par ti ci pants in the Bi la te ral: Uni ted Sta tes The Sec re tary SCA – A/S Ric hardBo uc her EUR – PDAS Mar cie Ri es NEA – DAS Da vid Ha le PA – Ro bert Wo odEUR/WE – Pa me la Spra tlen (no te ta ker) NSC – Toby Bra dley In ter pre ter Fran ce Fo re -ign Mi ni ster Ko uc hner Am bas sa dor Vi mont Eric Che val li er, MFA Spo ke sper son Phi lip -pe Er re ra, MFA Co un se lor Em ma nu el le Le nain, Em bassy Spo ke sper son Aure lien Lec -he val li er, No te ta ker In ter pre ter

Clin ton

LXXIIRe fe ren ce id: 09USUN NEWYORK208Su bject: Ko so vo: Pre si dent Sej diu Me ets Am bas sa dor Ri ceOri gin: USUN New York (Uni ted Na ti ons) Ca ble ti me: Wed, 4 Mar 2009 22:37 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2009/03/09USUN NEWYORK208.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments: VZCZCXRO9840 OO RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU EHNP

RU E HROV RU EH SR RU E HTRO DE RUCNDT #0208/01 0632237 ZNY CCCCCZZH O 042237Z MAR 09 FM USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK TO RU -EHPS/AMEM BASSY PRI STI NA IM ME DI A TE 1402 RU EHC/SEC STA TEWASHDC IM ME DI A TE 5990 IN FO RU EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC -226

TI VE IM ME DI A TE RU EHGG/UN SE CU RITY CO UN CIL COL LEC TI VE IM ME -DI A TE

Hi de he a der


PHUM [Hu man Rights], ICJ [In ter na ti o nal Co urt of Ju sti ce], UNSC [UN Se cu rity Co -un cil], SR [Ser bi a], KV [Ko so vo]

Clas si fied By: Am bas sa dor Su san Ri ce for re a sons 1.4 (b) and (d)

1. (C) Sum mary. The Pre si dent of Ko so vo, Fat mir Sej diu, asked Am bas sa dor Ri ceon March 2 to help Ko so vo ob tain re cog ni tion from ad di ti o nal sta tes, par ti cu larly fromSa u di Ara bia, Jor dan, Egypt, Pa ki stan and OIC mem bers; and to help en su re that li ke-min ded sta tes, in clu ding non-Euro pean sta tes, sub mit bri efs to the In ter na ti o nal Co urt ofJu sti ce in sup port of Ko so vo’s po si tion on its 2008 dec la ra tion of in de pen den ce. Pre si -dent Sej diu wel co med the re cent de ployment of the EU’s EULEX ru le of law mis sion,and said he wo uld not re o pen di scus si ons with Bel gra de on SYG Ban’s six po int di a lo -gue or on Ko so vo’s sta tus. Sej diu re af fir med that he wo uld soon put a re pre sen ta ti ve inNew York to en ga ge di rectly with UN mis si ons. Am bas sa dor Ri ce af fir med U.S. con ti -nu ing sup port for Ko so vo’s in de pen den ce and ob ta i ning re cog ni ti ons, re in for ced theneed for a Ko so var re pre sen ta ti ve in New York to de ve lop per so nal re la ti on ships withUN mis si ons, and en co u ra ged Sej diu to bro a den Ko so vo’s re la ti on ship with the UNbeyond DPKO. End Sum mary.

2. (C) Ko so vo Pre si dent Fat mir Sej diu told Am bas sa dor Ri ce on March 2 that hewas ple a sed with his early and warm re cep tion in Was hing ton by the new ad mi ni stra tion,and than ked her for the le a ding ro le played by the U.S. and the U.S. Mis sion to the UNin Ko so vo’s in de pen den ce. Sej diu said that in the year sin ce Ko so vo’s in de pen den ce, Ko -so vo had been gi ven a chan ce to pro ve it self, and had adop ted a con sti tu tion and a num -ber of laws in ac cor dan ce with the plan pre sen ted by UN Spe cial En voy Ah ti sa a ri. Ko -so vo had al so de ve lo ped ex cel lent re la ti ons with all of its ne ig hbors, ex cept for Ser bia,which was still trying to exert pres su re on Ko so vo to de sta bi li ze it.

3. (C) Pre si dent Sej diu had been ple a sed, he said, to re ce i ve re af fir ma tion in Was -hing ton of the ad mi ni stra ti ons’s wil ling ness to help bu ild sup port for ad di ti o nal co un tri -es to re cog ni ze Ko so vo, and he asked Am bas sa dor Ri ce to help in New York with UNPerm reps, spe ci fi cally men ti o ning mem bers of the Or ga ni za tion of the Isla mic Con fe ren -ce (OIC). Sej diu tho ught Sa u di Ara bia, Jor dan, and Egypt co uld be con vin ced to re cog -ni ze Ko so vo with so me en co u ra ge ment from the Uni ted Sta tes, and that ot her OIC mem -bers wo uld then fol low the lead of the se co un tri es. He al so asked Ri ce to we igh in withPa ki stan and Bra zil. Am bas sda or Ri ce re af fir med U.S. sup port for Ko so vo’s in de pen den -ce and un qu e sti o ned so ve re ignty, and of fe red to con ti nue to work with Ko so vo to ob tainre cog ni tion by mo re mem ber sta tes. She said she tho ught re cog ni ti ons wo uld co me fa -ster if the Ko so vars we re to esta blish a per ma nent pre sen ce in New York, sin ce suc cessat the UN of ten de pends on the strength of strong per so nal re la ti on ships. Sej diu said thathe plan ned to put a re pre sen ta ti ve in New York soon.

227

4. (C) The Ko so vo Pre si dent tho ught it wo uld al so be im por tant for as many li ke-min ded sta tes as pos si ble to sub mit writ ten sta te ments to the In ter na ti o nal Co urt of Ju sti -ce (ICJ) by the April 17, 2009 de a dli ne on the qu e sti on of the le ga lity of Ko so vo’s dec -la ra tion of in de pen den ce. Bet we en 10-12 co un tri es from Euro pe had con fir med that theywo uld sub mit bri efs in Ko so vo’s fa vor, he said, but it wo uld be im por tant to get li ke-min -ded co un tri es out si de of Euro pe, such as Ja pan, Ma laysia, Austra lia or Pa na ma to sub mitbri efs as well. Ser bian Fo re ign Mi ni ster Vuk Je re mic had sent let ters to over 80 co un tri -es asking them to we igh in on Ser bia’s be half. Sej diu be li e ved that a writ ten bri ef fromJa pan wo uld be espe ci ally im por tant, sin ce a Ja pa ne se jud ge wo uld be among tho se sit -ting on the pa nel. The Pre si dent un der stood that Ja pa ne se le gal ex perts had been pre pa -ring a bri ef, but that Ja pan had not yet ma de a de ci sion whet her to sub mit it. Sej diu saidhe had spo ken to the Ja pa ne se Am bas sa dor to the Uni ted Sta tes abo ut the is sue du ring hisre cent vi sit to Was hing ton. Ko so vo had al so ma de a di rect re qu est to Ko so vo’s In ter na ti -o nal Ste e ring Gro up (ISG) to sub mit bri efs on Ko so vo’s be half. He al so tho ught the Fe -bru ary 16 ru ling of the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla via (ICTY)aga inst fi ve for mer Ser bian of fi ci als for war cri mes and cri mes aga inst hu ma nity in Ko -so vo wo uld help Ko so vo’s ca se in the ICJ. Sej diu tho ught Ser bia had not yet co me togrips with its re spon si bi lity, and be li e ved the go vern ment was still pro tec ting cri mi nalsfrom the Ko so vo war.

5. (C) Sej diu said he had no plans to me et with UN of fi ci als du ring his cur rent vi sitto New York, but wo uld li kely se ek a me e ting with the Sec re tary-Ge ne ral when he re tur -ned for the March 23 de ba te on UN MIK. Ko so vo wel co med the de ployment of theEULEX ru le of law mis sion in De cem ber 2008, but Sej diu said he had re jec ted theSYG’s six-po int di a lo gue, which he tho ught had vi o la ted the Ah ti sa a ri plan. He be li e vedthat Ser bia was still trying to re o pen the is sue of Ko so vo’s sta tus, and he ma de cle ar thathe wo uld only di scuss is su es with Ser bia “as two so ve re ign sta tes.” He ho ped that theEULEX mis sion wo uld be fully de ployed by the end of March 2009, and that UN MIKwo uld ac ce le ra te the pa ce of its draw down. Ko so vo had mo ved on to a new sta ge in itsde ve lop ment, and was now fo cu sed on ob ta i ning mem ber ship in the in ter na ti o nal fi nan -cial in sti tu ti ons, at trac ting in vest ment, and sta bi li zing Ko so vo in ter nally.

6. (C) Am bas sa dor Ri ce en co u ra ged Pre si dent Sej diu to ma in tain a broad vi ew ofKo so vo’s re la ti ons with the UN beyond its re la ti on ship with DPKO. Long term co o pe -ra tion with ot her UN agen ci es, such as UNDP, for exam ple, co uld be be ne fi cial for Ko -so vo.

Ri ce

LXXIIIRe fe ren ce id: 09BEL GRA DE399Su bject: Ser bian Go vern ment Hun ting For Mla dicOri gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Wed, 6 May 2009 17:31 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2009/05/09BEL GRA DE399.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:47 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on

Thu, 8 Sep 2011 13:29 UTC (diff from ori gi nal)228

Me dia: Wi ki Le aks ca bles: Ser bia su spects Rus sian help for fu gi ti ve Rat ko Mla dić| World news | The Gu ar dian

Com ments: 0 Com ments: VZCZCXRO7886 RR RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU EHNP

RU E HROV RU EH SR DE RU EHBW #0399/01 1261731 ZNY CCCCC ZZH R061731Z MAY 09 FM AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE TO RU EHC/SEC STA TEWASHDC 1264 IN FO RU EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE RU E A I -IA/CIA WASHDC RHEHNS/NSC WASHDC RHMFISS/HQ USE U COM VA I HIN -GEN GE

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DIS E.O. 12958: DECL: 05/06/2019 Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], KWAC, SR [Ser bi a] Ref: 08 BEL GRA DE 1097Clas si fied By: Ac ting DCM Troy Pe der son for re a sons 1.4 (b/d).

Sum mary 1. (C) The Ser bian go vern ment con ti nu es to pu blicly emp ha si ze its ef forts to cap tu -

re war cri mes in dic tee Rat ko Mla dic, and Ser bian of fi ci als re spon si ble for co o pe ra tionwith the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the For mer Yugo sla via (ICTY) pri va tely tellus the cur rent go vern ment is very sup por ti ve of the ir work. ICTY Bel gra de’s chi ef, whosits in on ope ra ti ons di scus si ons, agreed that Ser bia was lo o king hard for Mla dic and wasal so pro vi ding all do cu ment and wit ness as si stan ce re qu i red, in con trast to the pre vi o usgo vern ment’s ef forts. Ser bia al so con ti nued to pro se cu te do me stic war cri mes ca ses, andthe war cri mes co urt re cently is sued ver dicts and sen ten ces in two high-pro fi le ca ses. Thecur rent go vern ment cle arly wants to find Mla dic, a pre re qu i si te for mo ving ahead withEU ac ces sion and Ser bia’s fu tu re. End Sum mary.

Lo o king for Mla dic2. (C) With the up co ming vi sit of ICTY Chi ef Pro se cu tor Ser ge Bram mertz, the

main qu e sti on re gar ding Ser bia’s ICTY co o pe ra tion – and the key to the Dutch un bloc -king Ser bia’s fro zen Sta bi li za tion and As so ci a tion Agre e ment (SAA) with the EU – iswhet her Ser bia is re ally do ing all it can to find the re ma i ning two ICTY in dic te es, par ti -cu larly Bo snian Serb war ti me mi li tary le a der Rat ko Mla dic. Go vern ment of fi ci als con ti -nue to sta te pu blicly that Ser bia is ma king every ef fort to find Mla dic and fel low in dic teeGo ran Had zic. Chi ef of the War Cri mes In ve sti ga tion po li ce Alek san dar Ko stic told vi -si ting S/WCI re pre sen ta ti ve Ju lie Vi bul-Jol les May 5 that the cur rent go vern ment had thewill to find the fu gi ti ves, but that so much ti me had pas sed that it was hard to track themdown. He said the re was no in for ma tion to sug gest Mla dic was in Ser bia but the re wasno in for ma tion that he was anywhe re el se eit her. Po li ce con ti nued to se arch for le ads, in -clu ding sur ve il ling known as so ci a tes and fa mily mem bers. Re gi o nal in tel li gen ce sha ringwas help ful and had led to the ar rests of Sto jan Zu plja nin and Ra do van Ka rad zic, Ko sticsaid.

229

3. (C) ICTY Bel gra de Of fi ce Head Deyan Mi hov told us May 5 that he be li e ved thatthe se arch for Mla dic was very ac ti ve. The cur rent go vern ment was en ga ged with ICTY,a “big chan ge com pa red to the past.” Mi hov said the Se cu rity In for ma tion Agency (BIA)and Mi li tary In tel li gen ce Agency (VBA) we re now wor king well to get her and sup por -ting each ot her’s ef forts. Mi hov said he at tends we ekly me e tings of the Ac tion Te am asan ob ser ver and re ce i ves de ta i led ope ra ti o nal in for ma tion and plans con cer ning the se -arch for both fu gi ti ves. Mi hov told us that the me e tings of the Ac tion Te am, which wasof fi ci ally co-he a ded by Pre si dent of the Na ti o nal Co un cil for Co o pe ra tion with the Ha -gue Tri bu nal Ra sim Lja jic and War Cri mes Pro se cu tor Vla di mir Vuk ce vic, we re re allyled by Pre si den tial Chi ef of Staff and Na ti o nal Se cu rity Co un cil Sec re tary Mi ki Ra kic,which he vi e wed as a strong in di ca tion that the se arch for Mla dic was a per so nal pri o rityof Pre si dent Ta dic. Mi hov said Ra kic had pro vi ded the sa me in for ma tion to Bram mertzeach ti me he vi si ted and al so re qu e sted Bram mertz’s help ob ta i ning spe ci fic in tel li gen ceas si stan ce. Mi hov emp ha si zed that the go vern ment co uld use any ad di ti o nal in tel li gen ceas si stan ce the U.S. co uld pro vi de. Mi hov said he was im pres sed that the Ac tion Te amwas trying equ ally hard to find Had zic, even tho ugh the po li ti cal payoff for Ser bia fromhis cap tu re wo uld be much less than for Mla dic.

Tec hni cal Co o pe ra tion with ICTY 4. (SBU) Ser bia’s tec hni cal co o pe ra tion with the ICTY, whi le not as high-pro fi le, is

al so es sen tial. Di rec tor of the ICTY Co o pe ra tion Co un cil Of fi ce Du san Ig nja to vic told usMay 4 his of fi ce had gran ted all of ICTY’s and de fen se lawyers, ar chi ve ac cess re qu ests,de li ve red all sub po e nas to wit nes ses, ad dres sed all wit ness pro tec tion is su es ICTY hadiden ti fied, and com plied with mo re than 98% of do cu ment re qu ests. Mi hov con fir medthat tec hni cal co o pe ra tion was clo se to 100% with no out stan ding pro blems over do cu -ments, anot her im pro ve ment over the past go vern ment.

Do me stic Tri als 5. (SBU) Do me stic war cri mes tri als al so con ti nue, with ver dicts re cently in two

high-pro fi le ca ses. War Cri mes Pro se cu tor Vuk ce vic told us May 5 the cur rent go vern -ment was much mo re sup por ti ve of do me stic war cri mes tri als. On April 23, the co urtcon vic ted fo ur for mer po li ce men for mur de ring 50 et hnic Al ba nian ci vi li ans in Su va Re -ka, Ko so vo in March 1999. Two of the de fen dants we re sen ten ced to 20 years in pri son,one to 15 years, and the fo urth to 13 years. Three of the de fen dants, in clu ding the prin ci -pal de fen dant, we re ac qu it ted. Vuk ce vic told us that he was ple a sed that the ca se had esta -blis hed that a cri me had been com mit ted but that he wo uld ap peal the ac qu it tals. The WarCri mes Co urt al so com ple ted on March 12 a re trial in the Ov ca ra (Vu ko var) ca se, con -vic ting 13 mem bers of the Vu ko var Ter ri to rial De fen se for tor tu ring and kil ling in No -vem ber 1991 200 Cro a tian pri so ners of war who had sur ren de red. Fi ve in di vi du als we reac qu it ted, and one re ce i ved a much lig hter sen ten ce in the re trial (6 years ver sus the ori -gi nal 15), and the War Cri mes Pro se cu tor’s spo ke sman an no un ced the pro se cu tor wo uldap peal that sen ten ce and the ac qu it tals.

Com ment 6. (C) In con trast to the ap pro ach of the pre vi o us go vern ment, the cur rent Ser bian

go vern ment is wor king hard on ICTY co o pe ra tion. The pres sing do me stic po li ti cal need230

to un block the SAA and mo ve clo ser to Euro pean Union mem ber ship is cle arly a ma jormo ti va ting fac tor, ma de all the mo re im por tant by the wor se ning eco no mic si tu a tion.Whi le the term “fully co o pe ra ting” may be elu si ve, it is im por tant to ac know led ge thecur rent go vern ment’s ef forts and not al low the dead we ight of the past to hin der Ser bia’sfu tu re. End Com ment.

Munter

LXXIVRe fe ren ce id: 09SA RA JE VO922Su bject: Bo snia – Ex ten ding The Pre sen ce Of In ter na ti o nal Jud ges And Pro se cu torsOri gin: Em bassy Sa ra je vo (Bo snia and Her ze go vi na) Ca ble ti me: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 14:34 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tial//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2009/07/09SA RA JE VO922.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments: VZCZCXRO9394 OO RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU EHNP

RU E HROV RU EHSL RU EH SR DE RU EHVJ #0922/01 2101434 ZNY CCCCC ZZHO 291434Z JUL 09 FM AMEM BASSY SA RA JE VO TO RU EHC/SEC STA TEWASHDC IM ME DI A TE 0582 IN FO RU EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC -TI VE RU E A I IA/CIA WAS HING TON DC RU E AW JA/DEPT OF JU STI CEWASHDC RHEF DIA/DIA WAS HING TON DC RU EKJCS/JO INT STAFF WAS -HING TON DC RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialNO FORN EUR (JO NES), EUR/SCE (HYLAND, SIL BER STEIN, FO OKS,

STINCHCOMB), S/WCI (WIL LI AM SON, VI BUL-JOL LES), EUR/ACE (KE E -TON), INL (CAR ROLL, SI MIC), INR (MO RIN); NSC FOR HEL GER SON; OSDFOR BEIN; DOJ PASS TO OP DAT (ALE XAN DRE) E.O. 12958: DECL: 07/29/2019

Tags: PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons],KCRM [Cri mi nal Ac ti vity], KJUS [Ad mi ni stra tion of Ju sti ce], ASEC [Se cu rity], BK[Bo snia and Her ze go vi na]

Ref: SA RA JE VO 732 AND PRI OR Clas si fied By: Am bas sa dor Char les En glish for Re a sons 1.4 (B) and (D)

1. (U) This is an ac tion re qu est. See pa ra graph 10. 2. (C) Sum mary. We are re ac hing a cri ti cal po int in our and the in ter na ti o nal com -

mu nity’s ef forts to ex tend the pre sen ce of the in ter na ti o nal jud ges and pro se cu tors wor -king at the Sta te Co urt and the Sta te Pro se cu tor’s Of fi ce. The Co un cil of Mi ni sters’(CoM) July 23 de ci sion to ex tend the pre sen ce of in ter na ti o nals wor king on war cri mesmay not be de ci ded by the Par li a ment un til early No vem ber or la ter. The de ci sion wo uldco me only we eks be fo re the in ter na ti o nals are sche du led to de part Bo snia. We be li e vethat by then most of the re ma i ning in ter na ti o nals wo uld ha ve de ci ded to de part Bo sniaand to ta ke the ir hard-ear ned in sti tu ti o nal me mory with them. The ir de par tu re wo uld set

231

back our ru le of law agen da in Bo snia and may je o par di ze our sub stan tial long-term in -vest ment in Bo snia’s Sta te-le vel ju di cial in sti tu ti ons, which re main fra gi le and are ope ra -ting in an in cre a singly ho sti le en vi ron ment. We al so re main con cer ned that the Bo sniango vern ment has sig ni fi cantly re du ced fun ding to the Sta te Co urt and the Sta te Pro se cu -tor’s Of fi ce, such that the ir nor mal ope ra ti ons are ham pe red and they are una ble to re pla -ce all the in ter na ti o nals with na ti o nals. Prin ci pal De puty Hig hRep Raf fi Gre go rian toldthe Am bas sa dor re cently that Hig hRep Va len tin In zko wo uld be pre pa red to use BonnPo wers if the Bo snian go vern ment fa ils to ex tend the in ter na ti o nals wor king on war cri -mes ca ses. Gi ven what is at sta ke, we be li e ve that the in ter na ti o nal com mu nity must bepre pa red to de ci de whet her to ta ke de ci si ve ac tion on this is sue. End Sum mary.

Bac kgro und3. (C) Last Fe bru ary, Bo snian Sta te Co urt Pre si dent Med dzi da Kre so and Sta te Pro -

se cu tor Mi lo rad Ba ra sin be gan di scus si ons with key do nors abo ut the pos si bi lity of ex -ten ding the pre sen ce of in ter na ti o nal jud ges and pro se cu tors wor king in the Spe cial De -part ments for War Cri mes and Or ga ni zed Cri me past a le gi sla ti vely-man da ted De cem ber2009 de par tu re. From the start, we agreed with the ir as ses sment that the in ter na ti o nalsstill ha ve a cri ti cal ro le to play in the Sta te Co urt and the Sta te Pro se cu tor’s Of fi ce. Theypro vi de co ver to na ti o nals, who work in an in cre a singly dif fi cult en vi ron ment; as sist na -ti o nals in be co ming mo re fa mi li ar with cer tain aspects of the adver sa rial le gal system;help Bo snia me et its obli ga ti ons to the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the For merYugo sla via (ICTY); en su re that new po li ci es and prac ti ces that we re put in pla ce to ma -ke the pro ces sing of war cri mes and or ga ni zed cri me ca ses mo re ef fi ci ent and ef fec ti ve(e.g. ca se se lec tion cri te ria) are furt her re fi ned and eva lu a ted; and, help bu ild pu blic con -fi den ce in the work of the Sta te Co urt and the Sta te Pro se cu tor’s Of fi ce.

4. (C/NF) For months, our Euro pean col le a gu es re si sted en ga ging on the is sue. Theyla ter be gan pro vi ding po li ti cal sup port af ter a Swe dish-go vern ment study re le a sed in De -cem ber con fir med our as ses sment. Then, af ter stal ling for over a year, BiH Ju sti ce Mi ni -ster Co lak in May sent to the Co un cil of Mi ni sters le gi sla ti ve amend ments ne e ded to ex -tend the pre sen ce of the in ter na ti o nals, but the amend ments wal ked back much of whatKre so and Ba ra sin so ught. They ex ten ded the pre sen ce of in ter na ti o nals wor king only onwar cri mes, but not or ga ni zed cri me ca ses, and pro vi ded for a two-year rat her than athree-year man da te. Co lak, who se pro po sal only al lo wed for in ter na ti o nal jud ges to workat the ap pel la te le vel, re jec ted the Co urt’s re qu est to per mit first in stan ce trial jud ges to fi -nish the ir cur rent ca ses past De cem ber, even tho ugh he was awa re that the go vern mentmay ha ve to pay bet we en fi ve and ten mil lion kon ver ti ble marks (abo ut 3.63 and 7.26mil lion USD) to re start the se ca ses. Still, the CoM on Ju ne 4 vo ted down Co lak’s amend -ments, with the Bo sni aks ar gu ing that it did not go far eno ugh sin ce it did not al low in -ter na ti o nals to work on or ga ni zed cri me ca ses. De spi te this, we suc ce e ded in con vin cingCo lak to re-sub mit his amend ments and to in cor po ra te all of our sug ge sted chan ges to hisamend ments, ex cept for al lo wing in ter na ti o nals to work on or ga ni zed cri me ca ses. Sub -se qu ently, Ja vi er So la na, Hig hRep In zko, ICTY Pre si dent Pa trick Ro bin son, and the headof OSCE in Sa ra je vo, Am bas sa dor Gary Rob bins, all sent se pa ra te let ters to Pri me Mi -ni ster Spi ric, ur ging him and the ot her mem bers of the CoM to ex tend the pre sen ce of thein ter na ti o nals. 232

Whe re We Are Now5. (C) The Co un cil of Mi ni sters on July 23 adop ted Co lak’s im per fect le gi sla ti ve

pac ka ge. The Serb and Cro at Mi ni sters vo ted in fa vor of the amend ments. Mi ni sters from(the lar gely Bo sni ak) Party for Bo snia and Her ze go vi na (SBiH) – Fo re ign Mi ni ster SvenAl ka laj and Hu man Rights and Re fu ge es Mi ni ster Sa fet Ha li lo vic – vo ted aga inst the me -a su re on the gro unds no ted abo ve (i.e., that the pro po sal did not go far eno ugh). The twomi ni sters from the Party for De moc ra tic Ac tion (SDA) we re ab sent (De fen se Mi ni sterSel mo Ci ko tic was tra ve ling in Afg ha ni stan and Se cu rity Mi ni ster Ta rik Sa do vic was inthe midst of be ing re mo ved from of fi ce). The amend ments will be con si de red by Par li a -ment in re gu lar pro ce du re in Sep tem ber, af ter the sum mer re cess, tho ugh Pri me Mi ni sterNi ko la Spi ric had pro mi sed Am bas sa dors from the “EU Tro i ka” co un tri es that it wo uldbe sent in ur gent pro ce du re.

What the CoM Vo te Me ans 6. (C) Pri me Mi ni ster Spi ric’s de ci sion to send the le gi sla ti ve amend ments per mit -

ting the ex ten si on of in ter na ti o nals in re gu lar pro ce du re is sig ni fi cant. This me ans that,un li ke in ur gent pro ce du re, de le ga tes co uld amend the draft le gi sla tion and that a fi nal vo -te on amend ments will not ta ke pla ce un til No vem ber. Even if the vo te to ok pla ce at thatti me and the pre sen ce of the in ter na ti o nals wor king on war cri mes ca ses we re ex ten ded,most of the exi sting in ter na ti o nals (al most all of whom ha ve con tracts un til De cem ber)wo uld pro bably le a ve, ta king all of the ir hard-ear ned in sti tu ti o nal me mory with them. Itwo uld al so ta ke the High Ju di cial and Pro se cu to rial Co un cil, the body that ap po ints jud -ges, pro se cu tors, and ot her ju di cial staff, at a mi ni mum, six-months, to fill va can ci es. Thiswo uld ca u se sig ni fi cant ca se ma na ge ment pro blems, and the in ter na ti o nal com mu nitywo uld ha ve to in cur the ad di ti o nal cost of re-star ting the ope ra ti ons of the Re gi stry, thebody that is in char ge of ma na ging the in ter na ti o nal pre sen ce at the Sta te Co urt and theSta te Pro se cu tor’s Of fi ce, which is in the pro cess of shut ting down.

7. (C) The CoM vo te al so me ans that in ter na ti o nal pro se cu tors wor king on over twohun dred or ga ni zed cri me ca ses in vol ving se ni or po li ti ci ans, in clu ding RS Pri me Mi ni sterMi lo rad Do dik, wo uld de part, le a ving the se ca ses in lim bo. It is un li kely that the na ti o -nals, who are al ready swam ped with a bur ge o ning ca se load and who lack ex per ti se in in -ve sti ga ting com plex or ga ni zed and fi nan cial cri me, cor rup tion, and ter ro rism ca ses, willwant to ta ke on such po li ti cally sen si ti ve ca ses. So me na ti o nals ha ve pri va tely ex pres sedto us the ir fe ar that the re will be in cre a sed ef forts to in ti mi da te them and that so me col le -a gu es wo uld put the se ca ses asi de out of fe ar for the ir sa fety and that of the ir fa mi li es.(No te: We ha ve re cently he ard al le ga ti ons that lo cals and in ter na ti o nals in ve sti ga ting ater ro rism ca se we re be ing fol lo wed by in di vi du als who ap pe a red to be Wa hab bis. EndNo te). Spe cu la tion in the me dia over the we e kend that, in vo ting for the me a su re, the mi -ni sters from the Al li an ce of In de pen dent So cial De moc rats (SNSD) had bro ken rankswith RS Pri me Mi ni ster Mi lo rad Do dik is, in our opi nion, di sin ge nu o us, sin ce we be li e -ve that the Serb mi ni sters wo uld ne ver stray from Do dik’s in struc ti ons on the mat ter. Do -dik and the Serbs, ho we ver, may ha ve no in ten tion of vo ting in fa vor of the le gi sla ti veamend ments adop ted by the Co un cil of Mi ni sters. The me dia has re por ted that de le ga tesre pre sen ting Serb par ti es in both ho u ses of Par li a ment, in clu ding the SNSD, ha ve vo wedto re ject Mi ni ster Co lak’s amend ments.

233

Our Op ti ons and De a dli nes 8. (C) We will need to ma ke a de ci sion by early Sep tem ber on the way ahead for in -

ter na ti o nal jud ges and pro se cu tors. We con cur with OHR that inac tion by the in ter na ti o -nal com mu nity past this da te will je o par di ze the se con dee pro gram even if the re is aneven tual par tial ex ten si on of the pre sen ce of in ter na ti o nal jud ges and pro se cu tors. We be -li e ve that the in ter na ti o nal com mu nity has the fol lo wing op ti ons: a) Awa it a vo te in Par -li a ment on the ex ten si on in nor mal pro ce du re. This wo uld li kely not ta ke pla ce un til No -vem ber, which wo uld pro bably re sult in the loss of cur rent jud ges and pro se cu tors andlong de lays be fo re new in ter na ti o nal jud ges and pro se cu tors co uld be gin work. This op -tion wo uld al so risk the pos si bi lity that Par li a ment wo uld re ject the me a su re. b) Ha ve theHig hRep use his Bonn Po wers to im po se the CoM de ci sion in Sep tem ber so that we canre tain most of the cur rent jud ges and pro se cu tors wor king on war cri mes ca ses and en su -re that the ir hard-ear ned in sti tu ti o nal me mory is not lost.

9. (C) As no ted abo ve, op tion A car ri es sub stan tial risks. Even if Par li a ment adop tedthe le gi sla ti ve pac ka ge, we might lo se all of the in ter na ti o nals cur rently wor king on warcri mes ca ses, in clu ding Sre bre ni ca. Op tion B wo uld en su re that we wo uld se cu re the con -ti nued em ployment of tho se in ter na ti o nals who want to re main (we think the vast ma jo -rity of them), but may draw ire from the Serbs for the use of the Bonn Po wers. We co uldar gue that an im po si tion wo uld re in for ce what the Co un cil of Mi ni sters had de ci ded. Ad -di ti o nally, an im po si tion wo uld help Bo snia ful fill its ICTY obli ga ti ons – both ICTY Pre -si dent Ro bin son and Chi ef Pro se cu tor Ser ge Bram mertz ha ve ex pres sed pu blic sup portfor the ex ten si on – as well as the im ple men ta tion of the Na ti o nal War Cri mes Stra tegy(the adop tion of the stra tegy was a “5 2” ru le of law benchmark). Prin ci pal De puty Hig -hRep Raf fi Gre go rian told the Am bas sa dor in a July 28 me e ting that Hig hRep Va len tinIn zko wo uld be pre pa red to use Bonn Po wers to ex tend the pre sen ce of in ter na ti o nalswor king on war cri mes ca ses if Par li a ment do es not ta ke ti mely ac tion. Gre go rian al sosaid that the Hig hRep has no in ten tion of using his Bonn Po wers to ex tend the pre sen ceof in ter na ti o nals wor king on or ga ni zed cri me and cor rup tion ca ses.

Ac tion Re qu est10. (C) We re com mend that Was hing ton sup port Hig hRep In zko’s in cli na tion to use

the Bonn Po wers to ex tend the pre sen ce of the in ter na ti o nals wor king on war cri mes ca -ses in the event that the Bo snian go vern ment fa ils to ta ke ti mely ac tion and that we se ekbroad sup port in Qu int and ot her key ju sti ce sec tor do nor co un tri es (the Net her lands, Nor -way, Swe den, and Swit zer land) for such ac tion.

En glish

LXXVRe fe ren ce id: 09PA RIS1731Su bject: S/wci Rapp’s Con sul ta ti ons In Fran ce (de cem ber 14)Ori gin: Em bassy Pa ris (Fran ce) Ca ble ti me: Mon, 21 Dec 2009 09:38 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2009/12/09PA RIS1731.html

234

Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments: VZCZCXRO1626 PP RU EHBZ RU EH DU RU EH MR RU EH PA RU E HRN RU -

E HTRO DE RU EH FR #1731/01 3550938 ZNY CCCCC ZZH P 210938Z DEC 09 FMAMEM BASSY PA RIS TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC PRI O RITY 7939 IN FORU EH ZO/AFRI CAN UNION COL LEC TI VE PRI O RITY RU EHGG/UN SE CU -RITY CO UN CIL COL LEC TI VE PRI O RITY RU EHBW/AMEM BASSY BEL GRA -DE PRI O RITY 0020 RU E HRL/AMEM BASSY BER LIN PRI O RITY 7147 RU -EHBS/AMEM BASSY BRUS SELS PRI O RITY 7140 RU EHFN/AMEM BASSYFRE E TOWN PRI O RITY 0522 RU EHNY/AMEM BASSY OSLO PRI O RITY 1872RU EHVJ/AMEM BASSY SA RA JE VO PRI O RITY 0260 RU EHTC/AMEM BASSYTHE HA GUE PRI O RITY 3275 RU EHVB/AMEM BASSY ZA GREB PRI O RITY0294 RU EHGV/USMIS SION GE NE VA PRI O RITY 3063 RU EHBS/USEU BRUS -SELS PRI O RITY 2766 RHMFISS/HQ USA FRI COM STUT TGART GE PRI O RITYRHMFISS/HQ USE U COM VA I HIN GEN GE PRI O RITY

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DIS E.O. 12958: DECL: 12/21/2019 Tags: KJUS [Ad mi ni stra tion of Ju sti ce], KCRM [Cri mi nal Ac ti vity], PHUM [Hu -

man Rights], YI [Yugo sla vi a], RW [R wan da], SL [Si er ra Le o ne], FR [Fran ce; Cor si ca] Clas si fied By: Wal la ce R. Bain, Po li ti cal Of fi cer, for re a son 1.4 (b/d) .

1. (C) Su bject: French of fi ci als on De cem ber 14 told S/WCI Am bas sa dor Step henJ. Rapp that they wo uld advi se con si de ra tion of a French con tri bu tion to sup port the Spe -cial Co urt for Si er ra Le o ne (SCSL) but ca u ti o ned that GOF bud ge tary re so ur ces we re qu -i te li mi ted and that a con tri bu tion might not be pos si ble. They wel co med U.S. par ti ci pa -tion as an ob ser ver to the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Co urt (ICC) and agreed that the UN Se -cu rity Co un cil ne e ded the abi lity to exer ci se an over sight fun ction over any at tempt to la -bel an ac tion as an “ag gres sion” su bject to in ter na ti o nal san ction. The French agreed withAm bas sa dor Rapp on the need for re si dual mec ha nisms du ring the clo sing pha ses of theIn ter na ti o nal Tri bu nals for Yugo sla via (ICTY) and Rwan da (IC TR). End Sum mary.

2. (C) S/WCI Am bas sa dor Step hen J. Rapp, ac com pa nied by S/WCI Spe cial As si -stant Todd An der son and Em bassy AF-as si stant, held two me e tings with MFA of fi ci alsin Pa ris on De cem ber 14. The me e ting with Jean-Luc Flo rent (PDAS for Le gal Af fa irs),Oli vi er Gu e rot (DAS-equ i va lant for Hu man Rights and Hu ma ni ta rian Af fa irs), and Gi -net te de Mat ha (Advi sor to the A/S for Le gal Af fa irs) fo cu sed on the SCSL, the U.S. andthe ICC, and is su es re la ted to the end pha ses of the ICTY and IC TR. The se cond me e -ting, with MFA AF DAS-equ i va lents Step ha ne Gru en berg (AF/C) and Fre de ric Cla vi er(AF/E), cen te red on the DRC and its war cri mes and hu man rights pro blems.

Si er ra Le o ne3. (C) In the me e ting with Flo rent, Gu e rot, and Mat ha, Am bas sa dor Rapp be gan by

de scri bing the SCSL as a suc cess story that was ne a ring the com ple tion of its fun ctionwith all tri als com ple ted ex cept for the trial of Char les Taylor, which was ta king pla ce in

235

the Ha gue. Ho we ver, be ca u se of the way the co urt was esta blis hed, it had al ways beenne ces sary to con duct fund-ra i sing to su stain its ope ra tion. Flo rent no ted that the UN hadpaid so me costs, but Am bas sa dor Rapp ex pla i ned that that had been a one-ti me injec tionof emer gency fun ding du ring the co urt’s se cond year of ope ra ti ons, which the UN wasnot li kely to re pe at. The SCSL’s bud get was dec li ning as the num ber of tri als dec re a sed.Sen ding SCSL con victs to Rwan da had go ne well. The Taylor trial, in clu ding ap pe als,was li kely to end in mid-2011. Flo rent com men ted on the lar ge sums paid to Taylor’slawyers; Am bas sa dor Rapp agreed but com men ted that such costs we re pro bably war -ran ted in a ca se in vol ving a head of sta te.

4. (C) Am bas sa dor Rapp said that the U.S. wo uld pro bably con tri bu te abo ut $7.5mil lion of the SCSL’s ex pec ted bud get of abo ut $20 mil lion for 2010, de li ve ra ble inAugust 2010. In the me an ti me, the co urt co uld fa ce shor ta ges as early as Fe bru ary 2010.Hen ce the need for ad di ti o nal con tri bu ti ons. He no ted Fran ce’s mo dest pre vi o us con tri -bu ti ons in 2006-2008 but the ab sen ce of a con tri bu tion in 2009. Gu e rot, who had wor -ked on IO bud gets be fo re mo ving to the hu man rights port fo lio, pro vi ded a ca re ful ex -pla na ti on of GOF bud get dif fi cul ti es. He said that any con tri bu tion wo uld ha ve to co mefrom the Co o pe ra tion bud get; the re was no fun ding, or very lit tle, re ma i ning in the UN/IOac co unts. He no ted that the MFA’s bud get for vo lun tary con tri bu ti ons to in ter na ti o nal or -ga ni za ti ons had been cut 25 per cent in 2009, af ter ha ving been cut 25 per cent in 2008, re -sul ting in se ve re cut backs. He said that even ma king Fran ce’s man da tory con tri bu ti onswas a strain.

5. (C) Flo rent said that he and his col le a gu es wo uld sig nal to the ir po li ti cal le a dersthe need to con si der con tri bu ting to SCSL but he asked that the U.S. un der stand Fran ce’sfi nan cial dif fi cul ti es. He said that the tight bud ge tary si tu a tion wo uld per sist in de fi ni tely,espe ci ally with re spect to vo lun tary con tri bu ti ons.

6. (C) Ad dres sing the costs of war cri mes tri bu nals mo re ge ne rally, Am bas sa dorRapp and the French agreed on the need for mo re ef fi ci ent use of re so ur ces at the tri bu -nals, the de si ra bi lity of sha ring re so ur ces (such as co ur tro oms) mo re re a dily, and, ac rossthe bo ard, adop tion of sen si ble me a su res to re du ce ex pen ses. Gu e rot com men ted thatICC costs we re so a ring and that Ja pan (wor king with Fran ce) was one of the few co un -tri es en ga ged in trying to re du ce ICC ex pen ses.

In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Co urt7. (C) The French wel co med the USG’s re cent de ci sion to par ti ci pa te in cer tain ICC

ac ti vi ti es as an ob ser ver. Am bas sa dor Rapp pro vi ded bac kgro und on the de ci sion to workwith the ICC, al be it on a li mi ted ba sis, which he be li e ved wo uld furt her U.S. in te rests andpro vi de use ful in put to the ICC. He ob ser ved that the le vel of U.S. en ga ge ment in the ICCwo uld re main a sen si ti ve po li ti cal is sue in the U.S., ma king it dif fi cult to pre dict whet herU.S. in vol ve ment wo uld in cre a se. Am bas sa dor Rapp said the U.S. wo uld at tend the ICCAs sembly on Sta te Par ti es Ses sion in New York in March and he be li e ved the U.S. wo -uld al so be re pre sen ted at the ICC Re vi ew Con fe ren ce in May/Ju ne 2010 as an ob ser verand try to ma ke a po si ti ve con tri bu tion to the pro ce e dings.

8. (C) The most pres sing con cern, with which the French fully agreed, was the ICC’sin ten tion to de fi ne “ag gres sion” in the con text of a po ten tial cri mi nal act su bject to ICCju ris dic tion. Am bas sa dor Rapp said that the U.S. wo uld op po se ICC ac tion in this areaun less the UN Se cu rity Co un cil we re gi ven an ex pli cit po wer to ap pro ve or di sap pro ve236

ICC la be ling of a spe ci fic act as “ag gres sion.” The French agreed that a con trol mec ha -nism of this sort was ne ces sary and ex pres sed con fi den ce, sha red by Am bas sa dor Rapp,that the ot her mem bers of the P-5 sha red that po int of vi ew. They agreed that ra i sing thiscle arly with ICC mem ber sta tes wo uld be an im por tant pri o rity bet we en now and the Re -vi ew Con fe ren ce and at the con fe ren ce it self on ap pro pri a te oc ca si ons.

End-Pha se for ICTY and IC TR 9. (C) The French agreed with Am bas sa dor Rapp on the need to be gin plan ning for

the clo sing down of the ICTY and IC TR, be a ring in mind that a “re si dual mec ha nism”wo uld ha ve to be esta blis hed and ma in ta i ned to ad dress is su es that wo uld ari se af ter thetwo tri bu nals fi nis hed con duc ting tri als. The se is su es wo uld in clu de re cords re ten tion, ap -pe als is su es, en for ce ment of jud gments, wit ness pro tec tion, pos si ble new cla ims or ca ses,tre at ment of pri so ners, and ot her si mi lar mat ters that co uld emer ge long af ter the tri bu -nals them sel ves ce a sed trying ca ses. Am bas sa dor Rapp di scus sed the IC TR and the 11fu gi ti ve ca ses (three “high va lue” ca ses and eight of les ser va lue). In li eu of ke e ping theIC TR fully up and run ning in ca se of ap pre hen sion of the fu gi ti ves, it might be bet ter (andfar mo re cost ef fec ti ve) to tran sfer the ca ses to Rwan da. The IC TR’s jud ges, ho we ver,might balk, be li e ving that Rwan dan stan dards of ju sti ce we re not ade qu a te to pro se cu tethe ca ses fa irly. Am bas sa dor Rapp said that one so lu tion might be to al low non-Rwan -dan jud ges to par ti ci pa te in any tri als in Rwan da, a mat ter that he had di scus sed re centlywith Rwan dan Pre si dent Ka ga me, who se e med re cep ti ve to the idea. Tran sfer ring the seca ses to Rwan da co uld be a way to ease one of the re ma i ning ob stac les to fully win dingdown the IC TR.

10. (C) Flo rent ex pres sed agre e ment with this ap pro ach, saying that he had met withIC TR Pro se cu tor Has san Bu ba car Jal low on De cem ber 11 and that Jal low said that hewas in cre a singly im pres sed with the Rwan dan ju sti ce system. Flo rent tho ught, ba sed onJal low’s com ment, that the IC TR jud ges might be mo re wil ling to tran sfer ca ses to Rwan -da if a fo re ign jud ge we re in clu ded in the pa nel trying a ca se. Flo rent ci ted the need tocon ti nue di scus sion in New York. He un der stood that cre a ting an exit stra tegy for ICTYand IC TR wo uld con ti nue over the next three or fo ur years. The re we re real chal len gesand many am bi gu i ti es, and UNSC mem bers might not all sha re the sa me per spec ti ve. Hesaid that Fran ce fa vo red a “light struc tu re” to ca rry out re si dual fun cti ons, that sho uld byno me ans in clu de the pos si bi lity of re con sti tu ting the co urts. Am bas sa dor Rapp re i te ra -ted the va lue of be ing able to tran sfer ca ses to na ti o nal co urts. He al so ho ped that a sys-tem wo uld be de ve lo ped for sa fely sto ring tri bu nal ar chi ves that wo uld al low for easyelec tro nic ac cess whi le pre ser ving ori gi nal ma te ri als. He al so said that a re si dual of fi cesho uld be ma in ta i ned in the re gion (rat her than in the Ha gue or ot her dis tant pla ce) to en -su re a lo cal pre sen ce and as a sign of the in ter na ti o nal com mu nity’s con ti nu ing com mit -ment.

Me e ting with MFA Afri ca Ex perts 11. (C) Du ring his la ter me e ting with MFA DAS-equ i va lents Step ha ne Gru en berg

and Fre de ric Cla vi er, Am bas sa dor Rapp co ve red in ab bre vi a ted form the main po ints ofhis di scus sion with Flo rent. Di scus sion then fo cu sed on the on go ing vi o len ce in the Gre -at La kes re gion, par ti cu larly in the DRC, and the dyna mics wit hin and among theFARDC, FDLR, and CNDP, ele ments of all which con ti nued to com mit vi o lent acts aga -

237

inst each ot her and aga inst ci vi lian po pu la ti ons. Vi o len ce se e med to be on the ri se on ceagain. Gru en berg asked abo ut CNDP Chi ef of Staff Bo sco Nta gan da and his whe re a bo -uts. Am bas sa dor Rapp stres sed the need to try him for a ran ge of cri mes, in clu ding theuse of child sol di ers. He had ap pa rently re tur ned to the bush but was re por tedly seen re -cently in Go ma, in di ca ting that he had not “di sap pe a red.” Am bas sa dor Rapp re gret tedthat the re se e med to be a lack of will to ap pre hend him. On Ki mia II, Gru en berg ex pres -sed con cern abo ut MO NUC’s sup port of the FARDC (and men ti o ned in pas sing that thenext man da te re ne wal wo uld be for a “fi ve-month du ra tion”).

12. (C) On pro grams to re form and im pro ve the ju sti ce system in the DRC, Gru en -berg said that Fran ce was “not a main do nor,” no ting that Fran ce had just com ple ted a 3mil lion euro (abo ut USD 4.5 mil lion) pro ject for the ju sti ce system, which he de scri bedas sup port for in fra struc tu re and la bo ra to ri es to as sist cri mi nal in ve sti ga tors. He re pe a tedthat the se we re all do ne on a re la ti vely small sca le. Am bas sa dor Rapp re vi e wed U.S. as -si stan ce pro grams to the DRC and to MO NUC, with Gru en berg mar ve ling that such as -si stan ce was at a “com ple tely dif fe rent le vel” from Fran ce’s. Gru en berg said he ho pedthat Fran ce co uld be co me mo re sup por ti ve of Se cu rity Sec tor Re form (SSR) pro grams,which he tho ught might gain trac tion with the new ro ad map the up co ming MO NUCman da te might de li ne a te. Gru en berg de scri bed so me of the le gal ca ses in vol ving Rwan -dans and ot hers from the re gion who we re re si ding in Fran ce or el sew he re in Euro pe andthe le gal dif fi cul ti es of brin ging so me of them to ju sti ce.

13. (C) Cla vi er ex pres sed di sap po int ment with Kenya and its fa i lu res on the ju sti cefront. He said that Fran ce and the EU had con tri bu ted to de ve lo ping the Kenyan le gal sys-tem but the Kenyans we re not using what they had ava i la ble to them, a po int the Frenchhad ma de to PM Odin ga, who had re cently vi si ted Fran ce. Cla vi er said that he had di -scus sed with Jal low the is sue of re for ming Rwan da’s ju sti ce system, which wo uld not beeasy, in Jal low’s vi ew. Af ter a bri ef di scus sion of Su dan and the ICC, Cla vi er bri e fed onthe re-esta blis hment of re la ti ons bet we en Rwan da and Fran ce, no ting that the GOF waswa i ting for Rwan da’s agre e ment for the pro po sed French am bas sa dor (not iden ti fied byCla vi er). He said that an advan ce te am wo uld soon tra vel to Rwan da to as sess what wo -uld be ne e ded to get Fran ce’s em bassy up and run ning qu ickly.

14. (U) Am bas sa dor Rapp has cle a red this mes sa ge. Riv kin

LXXVIRe fe ren ce id: 10USUN NEWYORK1Su bject: Am bas sa dor Di car lo Me ets With Icty‘s Chi ef Pro se cu tor Ser ge Bram -

mertzOri gin: USUN New York (Uni ted Na ti ons) Ca ble ti me: Tue, 5 Jan 2010 18:18 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Un clas si fiedSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2010/01/10USUN NEWYORK1.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Fri, 26 Aug 2011 02:34 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on

Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTC (diff from ori gi nal)Me dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments

238

VZCZCXYZ0000 RR RU EH WEB DE RUCNDT #0001 0051818 ZNR UUUUUZZH R 051818Z JAN 10 FM USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK TO RU EHC/SEC -STA TE WASHDC 7969 IN FO RU EHBW/AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE 0019 RU -EHTC/AMEM BASSY THE HA GUE 9187 RU EHVB/AMEM BASSY ZA GREB3389

Hi de he a der

Un clas SIP DIS E.O. 12958: N/A Tags: ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a], PREL [Ex -

ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], UNSC [UN Se cu rity Co un cil]

1. (SBU) Sum mary: Ser ge Bram mertz, the Chi ef Pro se cu tor of the In ter na ti o nal Tri -bu nal for the For mer Yugo sla via (ICTY), met with Am bas sa dor Di Car lo De cem ber 1 pri -or to the ICTY‘s bi an nual bri e fing to the UN Se cu rity Co un cil. Bram mertz fo cu sed hisdi scus sion on re cent de ve lop ments with re spect to Cro a tia’s co o pe ra tion with pro vi dingevi den ti ary do cu ments to the ICTY, saying Cro a tia’s Go vern ment has ma de so me pro -gress but not eno ugh. End Sum mary. 2. (SBU) Bram mertz said that Cro a tia’s Pri me Mi -ni ster, Ja dran ka Ko sor, esta blis hed an in ter a gency wor king gro up to in ve sti ga te the whe -re a bo uts of evi den ti ary do cu ments re qu e sted by the ICTY. Bram mertz said that the wor -king gro up is com pri sed of ap pro xi ma tely 60 pe o ple but that it has fo cu sed mo re onwhet her Cro a tia’s Go vern ment has con duc ted an ap pro pri a te in ve sti ga tion to find the do -cu ments rat her than lo o king for the do cu ments. He said that he de layed his re port to theSe cu rity Co un cil ho ping that he wo uld get so me new evi den ce from Cro a tia but didn’tre ce i ve anything un til the last we e kend in No vem ber. Ko sor pro vi ded a do cu ment that isan or der is sued in 1998 to all mi li tary com mands in Cro a tia di rec ting them to col lect alldo cu ments re la ted to “Ope ra tion Storm” and put them in a sa fe pla ce and to de stroy alldu pli ca te co pi es of such do cu ments. Bram mertz said alt ho ugh Ko sor’s ge stu re sig nals so -me co o pe ra tion, the do cu ment only con firms that the re are do cu ments that ha ve been hid -den that the ICTY ne eds. He said he plan ned to in ter vi ew the pe o ple who is sued the or -ders.

3. (U) Re gar ding Ser bia, Bram mertz said that he is sa tis fied with the ef forts it hasma de and re cog ni zes the pro fes si o na lism and com mit ment of the Ser bian Go vern mentto co o pe ra te with the ICTY. He at tri bu ted such co o pe ra tion ma inly to the no tion that Ser -bia can say to the Euro pean Union (EU) that it is do ing its job. Bram mertz said that Ser -bia’s co o pe ra tion and ef forts are fi ve ti mes bet ter now than one year ago and three ti mesbet ter than six months ago.

4. (U) Am bas sa dor Di Car lo com men ted on the Ka rad zic ca se and re fer red to themany de lays in the trial. Bram mertz said the re is a lot of dra ma in The Ha gue with re -spect to Ka rad zic’s ca se and no ted that Ka rad zic re cently fi led a mo tion that chal len gesthe le gal de ci sion that cre a ted the ICTY. He al so said that the ca se shows the li mi ta ti onsof self re pre sen ta tion in that the ac cu sed is not free to mo ve aro und freely to pre pa re hisca se.

Ri ce239

LXXVIIRe fe ren ce id: 10BEL GRA DE26Su bject: Ser bia: Ra sim Lja jic Un ve ils So cial De moc ra tic Party Of Ser biaOri gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 8 Jan 2010 09:38 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Un clas si fied//For Of fi cial Use OnlySo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2010/01/10BEL GRA DE26.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Fri, 26 Aug 2011 02:34 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on


RU EHFL RU E HIK RU EHKW RU E HLA RU EHLN RU EHLZ RU EHNP RU EH PODRU E HROV RU EHSK RU EHSL RU EH SR RU EHVK RU EHYG DE RU EHBW#0026/01 0080939 ZNR UUUUU ZZH R 080938Z JAN 10 FM AMEM BASSY BEL -GRA DE TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC 0548 IN FO EURO PEAN PO LI TI CALCOL LEC TI VE RHE HA AA/NA TI O NAL SE CU RITY CO UN CIL WAS HING TONDC RHMCSUU/EUCOM PO LAD VA I HIN GEN GE RUC XJAC/JAC MO LE -SWORTH JCDX RAF MO LE SWORTH UK

Hi de he a der

Un clas SEN SI TI VE SIP DIS E.O. 12958: N/A Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs],

SR [Ser bi a] Ref: 09 BEL GRA DE 771

Sum mary 1. (SBU) The new So cial De moc ra tic Party of Ser bia (SDPS), led by po pu lar Mi ni -

ster of La bor and So cial Po licy Ra sim Lja jic, held its fo un ding party con gress in Bel gra -de in mid-De cem ber. Mar king Lja jic’s ascen sion from le a der ship of the re gi o nal Sand -zak De moc ra tic Party (SDP) to a na tion-wi de po li ti cal mo ve ment (ref tel), the SDPS con -gress at trac ted Pre si dent Ta dic, co a li tion part ners, and mem bers of Ser bia’s na ti o na list op -po si tion. With its prin ci ples of pro mo ting ef fi ci ent sta te in sti tu ti ons, eco no mic de ve lop -ment, nor mal po li ti cal di a lo gue, con sti tu ti o nal pa tri o tism, and ca ring for the di sa dvan ta -ged, the SDPS is po si ti o ning it self to ca pi ta li ze on Lja jic’s per so nal po pu la rity and toadvo ca te mo dern Euro pean va lu es on Ser bia’s left. End Sum mary.

Lja jic Of fi ci ally Forms SDPS2. (SBU) Po li ti cal, la bor, and in tel lec tual fi gu res de scen ded upon Bel gra de’s Sa va

Cen ter on De cem ber 12 to mark the for mal cre a tion of the SDPS led by Mi ni ster of La -bor and So cial Po licy Ra sim Lja jic. The SDPS fo un ding con gress at trac ted such lu mi na -ri es as Pre si dent Bo ris Ta dic, Fo re ign Mi ni ster Vuk Je re mic, Edu ca tion Mi ni ster Zar koOb ra do vic (So ci a list Party of Ser bia-SPS), Di a spo ra Mi ni ster Sr djan Srec ko vic (Ser bianRe ne wal Mo ve ment-SPO), Na ti o nal In vest ment Plan Mi ni ster Ve ri ca Ka la no vic, Le a gue240

of So cial De moc rats of Voj vo di na (LSV) head Ne nad Ca nak, SPO pre si dent Vuk Dra -sko vic, Ser bian Pro gres si ve Party (SNS) de puty pre si dent Alek san dar Vu cic, De moc ra -tic Party of Ser bia (DSS) eco no mic co un cil head Ne nad Po po vic, Li be ral De moc ra ticParty (LDP) MP Ke nan Haj da re vic, De moc ra tic Chri stian Party of Ser bia (DHSS) headVla dan Ba tic, To get her for Su ma di ja (ZZS) de puty pre si dent Sa sa Mi le nic, Uni ted Ser -bia (JS) MP Ja smi na Mi lo se vic, and re pre sen ta ti ves from si ster par ti es in Cro a tia, Mon -te ne gro, and Bo snia-Her ze go vi na. An ar ray of la bor syndi ca tes, left-le a ning in tel lec tu als,and non-go vern men tal or ga ni za ti ons al so at ten ded the pro ce e dings as did nu me ro us or -di nary ci ti zens, many of whom the SDPS bro ught in by bus in or der to pack the 3,600se ats of the Sa va Cen ter’s main hall. Ne arly all high of fi ci als of the SDP (which Lja jicfor mally led un til re cently) al so at ten ded, but wit ho ut any pu blic ro le.

3. (U) The party con gress be gan with the na ti o nal ant hem fol lo wed by an in tro duc -tory film hig hlig hting the va lu es of the SDPS. Fe a tu ring short in ter vi ews with ac ti vists,youth, pen si o ners, and wor kers on the stre et, the film emp ha si zed the spa ce exi sting inSer bian po li tics for a vi a ble so cial de moc ra tic party and la u ded Lja jic’s per so nal le a der -ship. Re i te ra ting the party’s slo gan “one Ser bia,” the film al so emp ha si zed the key the -mes of the SDPS plat form in clu ding bu il ding up the sta te, con sti tu ti o nal pa tri o tism, pro -tec ting the de ve lop ment of de moc racy, de cen tra li za tion and re gi o na li za tion, fight aga instcri me and cor rup tion, and so cial de moc ra tic eco nomy.

Co a li tion Part ners Sing Ra sim’s Pra i se...4. (SBU) Pre si dent Ta dic he a dli ne a se ri es of spe ec hes from go vern ment co a li tion

part ners pra i sing Lja jic’s vi sion and cha rac ter. Ta dic said that so cial de moc ra tic par ti esmust ta ke in to con si de ra tion the most vul ne ra ble seg ments of the po pu la tion, as well aspre ser ve the sta bi lity and fi nan cial su sta i na bi lity of the sta te and pro mo te eco no micgrowth. He emp ha si zed the need for bu si ness ow ners to as su me so cial re spon si bi lity. De -scri bing the SDPS as “the clo sest si ster party” of the De moc ra tic Party, Ta dic said bothpar ti es agreed that “the best so cial po licy is the po licy of de ve lop ment and growth” andso cial po licy ba sed on bud get ex pen di tu res was not su sta i na ble. (Com ment: Stri kinglyab sent from Ta dic’s com ments was any men tion of EU in te gra tion.)

5. (SBU) Ot her spe a kers we re si mi larly la u da tory of Lja jic. Ca nak (LSV) fol lo wedTa dic in of fe ring con gra tu la ti ons to Lja jic and wel co ming the exi sten ce of a na ti on wi deso cial de moc ra tic party. Dra sko vic (SPO) no ted that de spi te be ing on the op po si te end ofthe po li ti cal spec trum, he sup por ted Lja jic sin ce “we are both parts of the sa me body ofSer bia.” Dra sko vic pro vi ded the most catchy so und bi te of the con gress, com men ting thateveryone from tho se li ving in dif fi cult con di ti ons to Ser bia’s Pri me Mi ni ster (re spon si blefor fin ding Ha gue in dic tee Rat ko Mla dic) all tur ned to Lja jic to say “Ra si me, spa si me”(“Ra sim, sa ve me”). Ob ra do vic re pre sen ted SPS head Ivi ca Da cic (who was tra ve ling)in wel co ming anot her vo i ce on the left for Ser bia’s di sa dvan ta ged. Re pre sen ta ti ves of si -ster so cial de moc ra tic par ti es from Mon te ne gro and Bo snia-Her ze go vi na, and the Uni tedIn de pen dent Ser bian Party from Cro a tia al so ga ve short spe ec hes.

...As Do es the Op po si tion 6. (SBU) The SDPS con gress al so fe a tu red re marks by two key Ser bian op po si tion

party mem bers. In stri kingly un di plo ma tic com ments, Vu cic (SNS) said he wis hed Ta dichad not left the con gress early be ca u se Vu cic wan ted to tell Ta dic that the re wo uld al waysbe a pla ce for Lja jic in the SNS-led fu tu re go vern ment af ter the SNS be at the DS in the

241

next elec ti ons. Po po vic (DSS) of fe red mo re bo i ler pla te lan gu a ge com pli men ting Lja jic’sfo cus on de ve lop ment and eco no mic is su es whi le stop ping short of sug ge sting DSS co -o pe ra tion with the SDPS.

Lja jic’s Vi sion7. (SBU) Fol lo wing over an ho ur’s worth of con gra tu la tory spe ec hes, Lja jic to ok the

sta ge flan ked by ro ughly fifty young pe o ple wa ved long-stem med ro ses abo ve the ir he -ads. Lja jic sta ted that the di ver sity of par ti es re pre sen ted at the con gress re flec ted theSDPS’s goal of en co u ra ging a pe a ce ful and nor mal di a lo gue bet we en all par ti es of thego vern ment. Ser bia ne e ded to de ve lop sta ble in sti tu ti ons, ef fi ci ent ad mi ni stra ti ons, a go -vern ment with no mo re than 15 mi ni sters, and a Na ti o nal As sembly of ro ughly 150 MPs,Lja jic said. De scri bing Ser bia’s mem ber ship in the EU as one of his party’s pri mary go -als, Lja jic no ted that Ser bia ne e ded to sort out its af fa irs at ho me in or der to be a good ne -ig hbor and a re li a ble part ner, ad ding, in par ti cu lar that Ser bia ne e ded a di a lo gue and con -sen sus over ba sic sta te is su es such as de cen tra li za tion and the sta tus of Ko so vo. Lja jicdec la red that the SDPS wo uld not ta ke a sin gle cent from any tycoon be ca u se the SDPSwo uld not “be a cor po ra tion from which anybody will pro fit.” Lja jic clo sed by re i te ra tinghis com mit ment to Ser bia’s youth thro ugh advan cing the va lu es of equ a lity and pro tec -tion of the di sa dvan ta ged.

Com ment 8. (SBU) The high-le vel re pre sen ta tion from the en ti re Ser bian po li ti cal spec trum at

the SDPS con gress was te sta ment to Lja jic’s po pu la rity and po li ti cal astu te ness . By le a -ving be hind (al be it no mi nally) the re gi o nal mi no rity SDP to lead the na ti o nal-le vel SDPS,Lja jic is ban king on his po pu la rity and so cial de moc ra tic mes sa ge to ap peal to a wi deraudi en ce, in clu ding Ser bia’s di sa dvan ta ged. Ho we ver, po li ti cal analysts ha ve po in ted tothe po or track re cord of so cial de moc ra tic mo ve ments in Ser bia and ex pres sed skep ti cismto us that the SDPS co uld me et the fi ve per cent thres hold in na ti o nal elec ti ons wit ho utgo ing in to an elec to ral co a li tion with the DS; Lja jic has said he wo uld wel co me that.Much of the im pe tus to form the party has co me from Lja jic’s de si re to en han ce his per -so nal ima ge and po li ti cal in flu en ce. Lja jic is an ener ge tic and de di ca ted mi ni ster who re -ac hes out to and has the pul se of the or di nary ci ti zen. The only co a li tion po li ti cian to re -gu larly spe ak abo ut the need to sup port the ICTY, Lja jic is well pla ced to be an in flu en -tial vo i ce in advan cing the Euro pean va lu es that Ser bia must em bra ce to emer ge from itstro u bled past. End Com ment.

Brush

LXXVIIIRe fe ren ce id: 10ZA GREB26Su bject: Am bas sa dor’s Me e ting With Pri me Mi ni ster Ko sorOri gin: Em bassy Za greb (Cro a tia) Ca ble ti me: Tue, 12 Jan 2010 14:29 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2010/01/10ZA GREB26.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTC

242

Me dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO5841 OO RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU EHNP

RU E HROV RU EHSL RU EH SR DE RU EHVB #0026/01 0121429 ZNY CCCCCZZH O 121429Z JAN 10 FM AMEM BASSY ZA GREB TO RU EHC/SEC STA TEWASHDC IM ME DI A TE 9804 IN FO RU EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC -TI VE IM ME DI A TE

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialSIP DIS DE PART MENT FOR EUR/SCE E.O. 12958: DECL: 01/12/2020 Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs],

HR [Cro a ti a] Ref: A. ZA GREB 006 B. ZA GREB 009 Clas si fied By: Ja mes B. Fo ley, Am bas sa dor, for re a sons 1.4 (b) and (d).

1. Sum mary: I saw Pri me Mi ni ster Ko sor for 75 mi nu tes Ja nu ary 11 to di scuss thefal lo ut from the Sa na der “po li ti cal co up” at tempt (ref tels) and a ran ge of is su es, in clu dingCro a tia’s EU ac ces sion ne go ti a ti ons, ICTY co o pe ra tion, energy re la ti on ship with Rus siaand pro spects for im pro ving ti es with Ser bia. Ko sor felt she had emer ged stron ger fromthe cri sis but was by no me ans out of the wo ods. She tho ught Sa na der wo uld li kely tryagain to de sta bi li ze the go vern ment or at le ast to le ve ra ge po licy con ces si ons, pre su mablyme a ning li mi ta ti ons on Ko sor’s an ti-cor rup tion dri ve. Ko sor im plied she was ne go ti a tingwith ot her po li ti cal par ti es to fo re stall such a sce na rio, but de scri bed her ul ti ma te strengthas a wil ling ness to go to elec ti ons rat her than com pro mi se on prin ci ple or her po licy pri -o ri ti es. She ex pres sed op ti mism that in vi go ra ted GOC ef forts to co o pe ra te with the ICTYwo uld be re cog ni zed and lead to un bloc king of the fi nal key chap ters in Cro a tia’s EU ac -ces sion pro cess, but I co un te red this and sug ge sted that she and Pre si dent-elect Jo si po vicwo uld ha ve to ma ke the ca se di rectly with key EU co un ter parts. Ko sor pled ged a re ne -wed ef fort to im pro ve ti es with Ser bia and ac know led ged my war ning, in an ti ci pa tion ofher up co ming vi sit to Mo scow, to avoid over de pen den ce on Rus sian energy sup pli es, butwit ho ut en ga ging on the spe ci fic po ints I ra i sed. Ove rall I was im pres sed with Ko sor’sde ter mi na tion to ac hi e ve her re form agen da, but it is cle ar that 2010 will be a year of vul -ne ra bi lity as well as op por tu nity for her and for Cro a tia. A suc cessful vi sit to Was hing ton,which Ko sor is pus hing for, wo uld pro vi de mar gi nal help in this re gard, but what she ne -eds abo ve all is the ra pid ope ning of bloc ked EU ac ces sion chap ters and suc cessful con -clu sion of ac ces sion ne go ti a ti ons by the end of 2010. End Sum mary

2. The Pri me Mi ni ster be gan the me e ting by ex pres sing her per so nal gra ti tu de toSec re tary Clin ton for her warm re cep tion of Fo re ign Mi ni ster Jan dro ko vic in De cem berand for the Sec re tary’s pu blic words of sup port for Ko sor’s an ti-cor rup tion ef forts. Shetic ked off her top go als for 2010 – im pro ving the eco nomy, com ple ting EU ne go ti a ti ons,bur nis hing Cro a tia’s cre den ti als as a “mo del” NA TO mem ber, and strengthe ning the fightaga inst cor rup tion.

3. Ko sor vo lun te e red that she had emer ged strengthe ned in the wa ke of for mer Pri -me Mi ni ster Sa na der’s fa i led at tempt to re as sert con trol over the HDZ-led go vern mentand said she now enjoyed a “very sta ble” po si tion wit hin the party and go vern ment. She

243

de scri bed Sa na der’s ma ne u ver as “espe ci ally dan ge ro us” be ca u se he had je o par di zedCro a tia’s EU path by cri ti ci zing the Ar bi tra tion Agre e ment with Slo ve nia and im pli citlyac cu sing her of tre a son. She in ten ded to for ge pro duc ti ve re la ti ons with new Pre si dent Jo -si po vic, and lo o ked for ward to the up co ming vi sit of Slo ve nian Pri me Mi ni ster Pa hor andthe un bloc king of the re ma i ning chap ters in the EU ac ces sion pro cess. Fi nally, she ex -pres sed con fi den ce that the work of the Task For ce in ve sti ga ting the 1995 ar til lery logsso ught by the ICTY pro se cu tor wo uld re sult in re cog ni tion by the Ha gue Trial Cham berof Cro a tia’s full co o pe ra tion with the ICTY.

4. Ko sor ga ve a mo re nu an ced per spec ti ve when I asked abo ut the pro spects for herma in ta i ning a ma jo rity wit hin the Sa bor. She re pe a ted that the si tu a tion ap pe a red sta ble“right now” but no ted that Sa na der co uld cho o se to re ac ti va te his par li a men tary man da -te anyti me go ing for ward. The dan ger was that he might thre a ten to do so in or der to ex -tort po licy con ces si ons. In such a sce na rio, Ko sor esti ma ted Sa na der co uld gar ner the sup -port of two to fo ur mem bers of par li a ment, the reby pro vo king a cri sis. She said the go -vern ment was in di scus sion “with ot hers” to pre empt this, no ting that Sa na der’s ac ti onslast we ek had been con dem ned by all po li ti cal par ti es.

5. Con ti nu ing, Ko sor no ted that whi le sta bi lity of the go vern ment co uld be ma in ta -i ned, she was not wil ling to pay any pri ce to ac hi e ve it and sta ted that she pla ced Cro a -tia’s in te rests abo ve party in te rests. She dec la red she wo uld opt for early elec ti ons rat herthan go along with a “rot ten com pro mi se” for the sa ke of clin ging to po wer: “I think he(Sa na der) and ot hers know this, so the key is in my hands.” That said, she wo uld do herut most to avoid early elec ti ons, which she said wo uld re du ce the go vern ment to ca re ta -ker sta tus for six months and pa ralyze all that she was trying to ac hi e ve in terms of EUne go ti a ti ons and the fight aga inst cor rup tion. This, she said, wo uld be a “ca ta strop he.”

6. We di scus sed at so me length a po ten tial vi sit by her to Was hing ton (de ta ils to bere por ted se pa ra tely). Ko sor no ted that she wan ted to en su re that any vi sit not be su bjectto the in ter pre ta tion that she was vi e wed as less im por tant than Sa na der had been. But shehighly ap pre ci a ted Was hing ton’s con si de ra tion of a vi sit and un der stood the im por tan ceof ac know led ging what the U.S. was do ing on be half of Cro a tia and the re gion.

7. On the elec tion of the op po si tion SDP’s Ivo Jo si po vic as Pre si dent, Ko sor ex pres -sed con fi den ce that any pro blems bet we en them wo uld be qu ickly over co me. She be li e -ved his vo te in the Sa bor aga inst the Ar bi tra tion Agre e ment with Slo ve nia was me rely atac ti cal po li ti cal ma ne u ver, no ting that he was af ter all “a pro-Euro pean lawyer.” She lo -o ked for ward to an early op por tu nity to cla rify in per son with Jo si po vic any do ubts hemight still har bor abo ut the agre e ment. She felt si mi larly abo ut his pre vi o us cri ti cisms ofthe GOC’s co o pe ra tion with the ICTY, which she al so saw as po li ti cally mo ti va ted. Herplan was to ha ve Ju sti ce Mi ni ster Si mo no vic, a clo se per so nal fri end of Jo si po vic, bri efhim on the work of the Task For ce and con vin ce him that the go vern ment had the po li ti -cal will to co o pe ra te fully with the ICTY: “he will un der stand that the re is not hing thatcan not be su bject to in ve sti ga tion by the Task For ce.”

8. I to ok the op por tu nity to un der sco re the im por tan ce of con ti nu ing the Task For cein ve sti ga tion and en ga ging di plo ma ti cally with the EU co un tri es who we re bloc king theope ning of Chap ter 23 over the ICTY is sue. Ko sor re fer red to her up co ming lun cheon onJa nu ary 14 with EU and NA TO Am bas sa dors, which wo uld al so be at ten ded by the TaskFor ce le a ders and wo uld ena ble EU mem ber sta tes to bet ter un der stand the full ex tent ofCro a tia’s co o pe ra tion with the ICTY. I wel co med this step but stres sed it wo uld still li -244

kely be ne ces sary for the GOC, in clu ding Ko sor her self, to en ga ge in EU ca pi tals, no -tably Lon don and The Ha gue. I no ted USG advo cacy in this re gard, in clu ding S/WCIAm bas sa dor Rapp’s plan ned me e tings with HMG of fi ci als in Lon don Ja nu ary 18, but re -pe a ted that GOC di plo ma tic ef forts wo uld be es sen tial as well. I sug ge sted she se ek as -si stan ce from Chan cel lor Mer kel du ring her Fe bru ary 3 vi sit to Ber lin and al so sug ge stedthat in co ming Pre si dent Jo si po vic be en li sted to en ga ge with key EU co un ter parts.

9. Tur ning to the energy qu e sti on, I re fe ren ced Ko sor’s an ti ci pa ted trip to Mo scowand our un der stan ding that Cro a tia was se e king ar ran ge ments for in cre a sed supply ofRus sian gas for the co ming years. Whi le the U.S. had no ob jec tion to this in prin ci ple, Isaid that a key pil lar of our ove rall po licy in Euro pe was to pro mo te di ver si fi ca tion ofenergy sup pli es, and avo i dan ce of over de pen den ce on Rus sia, which car ried ob vi o us po -li ti cal risks. I al so no ted con cerns in the re gion that Cro a tia not re ach un der stan dings withMo scow that ca me at the ex pen se of the ir own in te rests, and spe ci fi cally ur ged that thepro ject to bu ild an LNG ter mi nal be ra pidly ap pro ved. Ko sor re spon ded emp ha ti cally, butonly in ge ne ral terms. She stres sed re pe a tedly that she wo uld be gu i ded by her sen se ofCro a tia’s duty as a NA TO mem ber. She de scri bed her self as an “ex tre mely re spon si bleper son” and that she re gar ded Cro a tia’s NA TO mem ber ship as a “gre at ho nor” and wo -uld act ac cor dingly. She said she knew the U.S. un der stood the im por tan ce of energy “in -de pen den ce and se cu rity” for Cro a tia’s eco nomy, re pe a ted her pled ges of fe alty to NA -TO, but ot her wi se wo uld not be drawn in to spe ci fics on this is sue. She no ted that the iti -ne rary and de ta ils of her vi sit to Rus sia we re still be ing wor ked out. Ko sor wel co med thein for ma tion that Am bas sa dor Mor ning star wo uld be vi si ting in la te Fe bru ary and lo o kedfor ward to di scus sing the se is su es with him.

10. Fi nally, I no ted that in 2010 we ho ped that me a ning ful pro gress co uld be ac hi e -ved in esta blis hing po si ti ve re la ti ons bet we en Cro a tia and Ser bia. Ko sor re plied that it hadbeen her po licy sin ce be co ming Pri me Mi ni ster to strengthen “our ne ig hbor’s” path to theEU. She com pla i ned that the GOC had re ce i ved “no cre dit what so e ver” for its re cent de -ci sion to sha re tran sla tion of the EU ac qu is com mu ni ta i re do cu ments with in te re sted ne -ig hbors. She pled ged to se ek a new be gin ning with Ser bia using her newly esta blis hedchan nel to Ta dic, Sta te Sec re tary Bo zi no vic, but emp ha si zed that both si des ne e ded to becom mit ted to the en de a vor and un der sco red the im por tan ce of avo i ding in flam ma torypu blic sta te ments. (No te: Ko sor’s advi sor Da vor Sti er told me af ter the me e ting that Ta -dic’s fo re ign po licy advi sor, Jo van Rat ko vic, wo uld be ma king an un pu bli ci zed vi sit toZa greb Ja nu ary 18. Sti er re qu e sted that we ke ep this in for ma tion qu i et.)

11. Com ment: I was struck by Ko sor’s re fe ren ce to her self as “ex tre mely re spon si -ble” and her vow not to sac ri fi ce na ti o nal in te rests for the sa ke of po li ti cal sur vi val. Thisap pa rent at tac hment to prin ci ple is the so ur ce of her cur rent po li ti cal strength both withthe pu blic and, con se qu ently, wit hin the go ver ning co a li tion. Her te nu re the re fo re re pre -sents a win dow of op por tu nity for Cro a tia to ac hi e ve ne ces sary, but po li ti cally dif fi cultpro gress in the ru le of law and ot her are as con nec ted to EU ac ces sion. In deed the ot herstri king im pres sion Ko sor gi ves is of so me o ne who is sin gu larly fo cu sed on ac com plis -hing in a com pres sed ti me pe riod a re la ti vely small num ber of spe ci fic ob jec ti ves. Shese ems to be met ho di cally chec king the box to do all that is ne ces sary to se cu re Cro a tia’sEU mem ber ship by the sta ted goal of 2012.

12. The road ahead in 2010, ho we ver, will not be easy. Ko sor’s po pu la rity – and po -li ti cal staying po wer – will be te sted by to ugh de ci si ons she will un do ub tedly ha ve to ma -

245

ke in the area of bud get re vi si ons and ot her eco no mic me a su res and re forms, which co -uld cre a te new op por tu ni ti es for mischi ef-ma king by Sa na der and ot hers. This un der sco -res the sta kes in ac hi e ving a ra pid ope ning of the re ma i ning chap ters in Cro a tia’s EU ac -ces sion pro cess – no tably Chap ter 23 on ju di ci ary and fun da men tal rights, cur rently bloc -ked by the UK and Net her lands over the ICTY co o pe ra tion is sue. Fa i lu re to open this andfo ur ot her chap ters early in 2010 will push Cro a tia’s ac ces sion ti me li ne beyond 2012 andpro ve da ma ging not only to Ko sor but mo re im por tantly to sta bi lity in Cro a tia and the re -gion. End com ment.

Fo ley

LXXIXRe fe ren ce id: 10BEL GRA DE118Su bject: Sce ne set ter For The U.s. Vi sit Of Ser bian De puty Pri me Mi ni ster Ivi ca Da cicOri gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 22 Jan 2010 15:40 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Un clas si fied//For Of fi cial Use OnlySo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2010/01/10BEL GRA DE118.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Fri, 26 Aug 2011 02:34 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on


RU EHFL RU E HIK RU EHKW RU E HLA RU EHLN RU EHLZ RU EHNP RU EH PODRU E HROV RU EHSK RU EHSL RU EH SR RU EHVK RU EHYG DE RU EHBW#0118/01 0221542 ZNR UUUUU ZZH R 221540Z JAN 10 FM AMEM BASSY BEL -GRA DE TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC 0659 IN FO EURO PEAN PO LI TI CALCOL LEC TI VE RHE HA AA/NA TI O NAL SE CU RITY CO UN CIL WAS HING TONDC RHMFISS/HQ USE U COM VA I HIN GEN GE RHMFI UU/DEPT OF HO ME -LAND SE CU RITY WAS HING TON DC RHMFI UU/DEPT OF JU STI CE WAS -HING TON DC RHMFI UU/FBI WAS HING TON DC RU ZE JAA/JAC MO LE -SWORTH RAF MO LE SWORTH UK

Hi de he a der

Un clas SEN SI TI VE SIP DIS DEPT FOR EUR/SCE (P. PE TER SON) E.O. 12958: N/A Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs],

ASEC [Se cu rity], KCRM [Cri mi nal Ac ti vity], SR [Ser bi a] Ref: 10 BEL GRA DE 90; 09 BEL GRA DE 469; C) 09 BEL GRA DE 924

Sum mary 1. (SBU) Ivi ca Da cic, who we ars three hats as First De puty Pri me Mi ni ster, Mi ni -

ster of In ter i or, and head of the So ci a list Party of Ser bia (SPS), is per haps the most savvyand in tri gu ing mem ber of the Ser bian go vern ment. As the head of strong man Slo bo danMi lo se vic’s for mer party, Da cic has laid out and is ag gres si vely pur su ing a stra tegy to le -246

gi ti mi ze and tran sform the So ci a list Party in to a mo dern, de moc ra tic, pro-Euro pean party.To do so, he is using his go vern ment po si ti ons to de mon stra te ac tion – on cross-bor dercri me, cor rup tion, vi sa li be ra li za tion, the de ployment of Ser bian po li ce to Afg ha ni stanwith EUPOL, and even a cer tain de gree of prag ma tism on co o pe ra tion with EULEX onKo so vo. He ma kes lit tle ef fort to hi de the fact that his long-term goal is to run the Ser -bian go vern ment. He has a long way to go, ho we ver, to re bu ild a vo ter ba se still tra u ma -ti zed by his de ci sion to mo der ni ze the party and en ter in to a go ver ning co a li tion with Bo -ris Ta dic’s De moc ra tic Party. Da cic has a tran sac ti o nal ap pro ach to do ing bu si ness, in clu -ding di plo macy – in re turn for the in ter na ti o nal cre di bi lity he ex pects to re ce i ve from hisvi sit to Was hing ton, he will li kely be pre pa red to of fer mo ve ment on the is su es we pri o -ri ti ze. End Sum mary.

First De puty Pri me Mi ni ster2. (SBU) Thanks to the va ga ri es of Ser bia’s pro por ti o nal elec to ral system, Da cic wo -

und up as the king ma ker fol lo wing May 2008 par li a men tary elec ti ons. Af ter pro trac tedne go ti a ti ons du ring which he was co ur ted by both the de moc rats and the na ti o na list blocof for mer Pri me Mi ni ster Vo ji slav Ko stu ni ca’s De moc ra tic Party of Ser bia (DSS), Da cicop ted for the pro-Euro pean co ur se. He exac ted a he avy pri ce on Ta dic, ho we ver, ob ta i -ning the First De puty Pri me Mi ni ster ti tle for him self as well as fi ve ca bi net po si ti ons andthe Spe a ker of Par li a ment for his party. The So ci a lists’ re pre sen ta tion in the 27-mem berca bi net is dis pro por ti o nal to the ir 20 se ats in the 250-mem ber Par li a ment.

3. (SBU) Da cic’s sta tus as first among the go vern ment’s fo ur de puty pri me mi ni stersgi ves him a cer tain pro to col rank which he cle arly enjoys, but he has not at temp ted to as -sert his the o re ti cal aut ho rity over the ot her mi ni stri es which fall in to his se cu rity port fo -lio such as the Mi ni stry of De fen se. He ap pe ars to re a li ze that he sho uld not push his luck;this re ti cen ce al so al lows him to skirt is su es which re main po li ti cally ra di o ac ti ve for hisparty, such as the qu e sti on of Ser bia’s even tual mem ber ship in NA TO and co o pe ra tionwith the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla via (ICTY).

Mi ni ster of In ter i or 4. (SBU) Da cic’s pri mary fo cus wit hin go vern ment is on his work as Mi ni ster of In -

ter i or. He was a sur pri sing and, to many, an alar ming cho i ce for the job. Alt ho ugh his fat -her was a po li ce man, Da cic had no pri or ex pe ri en ce in law en for ce ment or the ju di cialsystem. Many Ser bi ans we re con cer ned that he wo uld not pur sue re form but rat her wo -uld use the po si tion to pla ce So ci a list Party cro ni es in po li ce po si ti ons aro und the co un -try and pro tect cor rupt SPS of fi ci als by stal ling in ve sti ga ti ons. In the past se ve ral months,ho we ver, se ve ral le a ding hu man rights ac ti vists ha ve con fes sed to us that – to the ir ownasto nis hment – they now vi ew Da cic as one of the most ef fec ti ve Mi ni sters of In ter i or inSer bia’s re cent hi story. Most no tably, he led the Ser bian go vern ment’s ef forts to ful fill thelengthy chec klist of steps re qu i red for pla ce ment on the Schen gen “Whi te List,” i.e. EUvi sa li be ra li za tion (Ref A).

5. (SBU) One of his early pri o ri ti es was esta blis hing co o pe ra tion with Ser bia’s ne -ig hbors on cross-bor der cri me. He has sig ned po li ce co o pe ra tion agre e ments with his co -un ter parts in Cro a tia, Bo snia and Her ze go vi na, Ma ce do nia, Slo ve nia, Mon te ne gro, Hun -gary, Bel gi um, Swit zer land, Rus sia, Chi na, Austria, Fran ce, and Israel, and has fol lo wedup with a se ri es of high-pro fi le ar rests of or ga ni zed cri me fi gu res (in clu ding the no to ri o -

247

us Jo ca Am ster dam, Ref B) and nar co tics traf fic kers ope ra ting in the Bal kans. In August2009 he sig ned a co o pe ra tion agre e ment with EULEX which we un der stand has re sul -ted in a cer tain de gree of prac ti cal co o pe ra tion on bor der is su es; they al so re por tedly col -la bo ra ted on the in ve sti ga tion in to the Oc to ber 2009 drow ning de aths of over a do zen Ko -so var Al ba ni ans be ing smug gled from Ser bia in to Hun gary ac ross the Tis za Ri ver. Mo reco uld still be do ne, par ti cu larly with re gard to com ba ting or ga ni zed cri me.

6. (SBU) Da cic has fo cu sed on the need to com bat traf fic king in per sons, ap po in -ting early in his te nu re an ex pe ri en ced, dyna mic in di vi dual to fill the long-va cant An ti-Traf fic king Na ti o nal Co or di na tor po si tion. Da cic has thrown his po li ti cal sup port be hindthe Co or di na tor, who has the chal len ging job of co or di na ting all of the co un try’s vic timpro tec tion, law en for ce ment, and pre ven tion ef forts ac ross se ve ral mi ni stri es. Whi le fun -ding for vic tim pro tec tion and awa re ness is still ina de qu a te, en for ce ment is on the ri se.Da cic per so nally is sued an in struc tion to all po li ce on how to re cog ni ze and tre at a traf -fic king vic tim, le a ding to a sig ni fi cant in cre a se in vic tim iden ti fi ca tion. Re ac ting to ourlet ter to the Co un cil to Com bat Traf fic king, in which we ra i sed our con cern with lack offun ding for TIP vic tims shel ters, Da cic asked the Fi nan ce Mi ni ster to al lo ca te $85,000for that pur po se. The Mi ni stry is wor king with post to de sign a com pre hen si ve an ti-TIPtra i ning pro gram for po li ce of fi cers, so cial wor kers, la bor in spec tors, jud ges, and pro se -cu tors.

7. (SBU) Whi le Da cic fo cu ses most of his energy on co o pe ra ting with ne ig hbo ringco un tri es, he ta kes gre at pri de in wor king with U.S. law en for ce ment as well. He has beenvery open to co o pe ra tion with ICI TAP advi sors and DS-ATA pro grams, and sha red in -for ma tion with us di sco ve red du ring the co ur se of an un re la ted in ve sti ga tion that led tothe ar rest of a U.S. ci ti zen on child por no graphy char ges in New Jer sey.

8. (SBU) Un der Da cic’s le a der ship the Mi ni stry of In ter i or is wor king to in cre a sethe par ti ci pa tion of Ser bian po li ce in pe a ce sta bi li za tion ope ra ti ons aro und the world. Atpre sent, Ser bian po li ce are ser ving in MI NU STAH in Ha i ti and in UN MIL in Li be ria.Da cic re cently wro te to the Euro pean Union’s Ro bert Co o per to of fer the ser vi ces of Ser -bian po li ce tra i ners in a EUPOL mis sion in Afg ha ni stan. He ex pla i ned to us that Ser bia’sabi lity to con tri bu te po li ce is li mi ted only by fi nan cial rat her than po li ti cal con stra ints; heis wil ling to send a sig ni fi cant con tin gent on in ter na ti o nal mis si ons if fun ding co uld bepro vi ded.

9. (SBU) Da cic and his Mi ni stry need to do mo re on one par ti cu lar area of co o pe -ra tion with the U.S., ho we ver: en su ring that ju sti ce is do ne in the ca se of the Bytyqi brot -hers (Ref C), kil led by Mi ni stry of In ter i or per son nel in Ser bia in 1999 and bu ried in amass gra ve. As a re sult of a con ti nued con spi racy of si len ce among the po li ce, and a lackof po li ti cal will by pre vi o us go vern ments to get to the bot tom of the ca se, the in ve sti ga -tion has go ne al most now he re. In a very frank con ver sa tion with us on Ja nu ary 15, Da -cic con fes sed that he had only be co me awa re of the de ta ils of the Bytyqi ca se – and thele vel of ob struc ti o nism wit hin the MOI – in re cent months. He told us that he was re sol -ved to do his ut most to get to the truth, in clu ding if ne ces sary fi ring anyone who wo uldnot co o pe ra te with in ve sti ga tors. He was op ti mi stic that so me pro gress co uld be ma de ifa dif fe rent ap pro ach was ta ken in the in ve sti ga tion, i.e., to iden tify the sho o ters and workback up the chain of com mand, rat her than star ting at the top as be fo re. His goal was topro du ce “con cre te re sults” in the first half of 2010, alt ho ugh he co uld not gu a ran tee thatthe ef fort wo uld be suc cessful. In or der to un block the in ve sti ga tion, Da cic must send a248

cle ar sig nal to im press upon all MOI per son nel that si len ce or per jury will no lon ger beto le ra ted. We ha ve sug ge sted that he ma ke a pu blic sta te ment an no un cing his com mit -ment to fin ding the truth, and that he ap po int a sin gle high-ran king po int per son wit hinMOI to lead an in ter a gency task for ce and be re spon si ble for pro du cing re sults af ter a de -ca de of inac tion.

10. (SBU) Po li ce re form and ICTY co o pe ra tion are two ot her are as whe re Da cic isnot as for ward-le a ning as he co uld or sho uld be. The OSCE has been wor king with theMi ni stry of In ter i or on po li ce re form for se ve ral years, and whi le chan ges ha ve been ma -de at the mar gins the re has not been a top-to-bot tom re or ga ni za tion and pur ging of the or -ga ni za tion. Pu blic con fi den ce in the In ter i or Mi ni stry is in cre a sing – in a re cent OSCEpoll, 29% of ci ti zens in di ca ted con fi den ce in the mi ni stry com pa red with 24% in 2008,one of only two go vern ment mi ni stri es or agen ci es to show an in cre a se. The re ne vert he -less re ma ins a sig ni fi cant per cep tion that the or ga ni za tion is cor rupt and re pres si ve. OnICTY co o pe ra tion, Da cic walks a fi ne li ne bet we en his po li ti cal con stra ints as le a der ofthe So ci a lists and his de si re to show re spect for Euro pean stan dards: he emp ha si zes thatSer bia must ful fill its in ter na ti o nal obli ga ti ons to co o pe ra te with the tri bu nal and bringwar cri mi nals to ju sti ce, whi le at the sa me ti me ma king it cle ar that his Mi ni stry will fol -low or ders to ar rest su spects if lo ca ted but will not ta ke the lead on the in ve sti ga tion. (Thego vern ment’s Ac tion Te am co or di na ting the hunt for Rat ko Mla dic and Go ran Had zichas long been run as an in tel li gen ce ope ra tion rat her than by the po li ce.) Da cic very pu -blicly dis tan ced him self and the mi ni stry from the July 2008 ar rest of ICTY in dic tee Ra -do van Ka rad zic.

So ci a list Party11. (SBU) Da cic re ma ins both the pu blic fa ce and the be hind-the-sce nes le a der of

the So ci a list Party. Alt ho ugh the SPS did re la ti vely well in the May 2008 par li a men taryelec ti ons, gar ne ring 15 se ats in Par li a ment (20 to tal with elec to ral co a li tion part ners Uni -ted Ser bia and PUPS), its sup port le vels drop ped off con si de rably af ter Da cic op ted toform a go ver ning co a li tion with the De moc ra tic Party. Party le a ders tell us that they arefo cu sed on re bu il ding the party from the gro und up and at trac ting new mem bers from theranks of the pre vi o usly unaf fi li a ted and the right by de mon stra ting that SPS’s mi ni sterspro du ce re sults. They cla im an in cre a se in SPS mem bers un der 30 over the past year.(Com ment: Gi ven Ser bia’s long tra di tion of po li ti cal pa tro na ge, young pe o ple of ten joingo ver ning par ti es in ho pes of lan ding a pu blic sec tor job.) With the party still only pol -ling 5% in De cem ber 2009, Da cic is not eager for new elec ti ons and ap pe ars fo cu sed onas su ring the sta bi lity of the cur rent co a li tion.

U.S. Vi sit 12. (SBU) Da cic plans to vi sit Was hing ton and New York from Ja nu ary 28 – Fe bru -

ary 5. In Was hing ton, he is se e king me e tings with the Na ti o nal Se cu rity Co un cil, Sta teDe part ment, De part ment of Ju sti ce, FBI, De part ment of Ho me land Se cu rity, and Con -gress. He will at tend the Na ti o nal Prayer Bre ak fast on Fe bru ary 4, the first ti me a re pre -sen ta ti ve of the SPS has been in vi ted. In New York, he plans to me et with Com mis si o -ner Kel ley and vi sit the Jo int Ter ro rism Task For ce. As a for mer mem ber of the Mi lo se -vic go vern ment, Da cic ne e ded a wa i ver in or der to ob tain his U.S. vi sa for this vi sit; hepro udly an no un ced to the press in De cem ber that he had re ce i ved a fi ve year A-1 vi sa.

249

Com ment13. (SBU) Da cic vi ews the op por tu nity to vi sit Was hing ton as a tur ning po int in his

po li ti cal ca re er and va li da tion of his ef forts to le gi ti mi ze the So ci a list Party of Ser bia. Hisac hi e ve ments as In ter i or Mi ni ster are in lar ge part the re sult of his de si re to show the U.S.and the EU that he is a for ward-le a ning, mo dern, Euro pean lef tist po li ti cian. We sho uldac know led ge the good work he has do ne to im pro ve re gi o nal po li ce co o pe ra tion and con -gra tu la te him on vi sa li be ra li za tion, whi le pus hing him to do mo re on the Bytyqi ca se.Alt ho ugh it is out si de his com fort zo ne, Da cic al so has the abi lity to act as a check on ot -hers in go vern ment who are advo ca ting an ag gres si ve post-ICJ stra tegy fo cu sed on newKo so vo sta tus ne go ti a ti ons; he sho uld he ar a cle ar mes sa ge that such an ap pro ach wo uldha ve ne ga ti ve con se qu en ces for Ser bia’s Euro pean aspi ra ti ons. End Com ment.

War lick

LXXXRe fe ren ce id: 10ZA GREB56Su bject: Icty Task For ce To Con ti nue On ce Chap ter 23 Opens, Ju sti ce Mi ni ster

Skep ti cal Of Re sultsOri gin: Em bassy Za greb (Cro a tia) Ca ble ti me: Tue, 26 Jan 2010 15:34 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tial//NO FORNSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2010/01/10ZA GREB56.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO8381 OO RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA RU EHNP

RU E HROV RU EHSL RU EH SR DE RU EHVB #0056/01 0261534 ZNY CCCCCZZH O 261534Z JAN 10 FM AMEM BASSY ZA GREB TO RU EHC/SEC STA TEWASHDC IM ME DI A TE 9854 IN FO RU EHZL/EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC -TI VE IM ME DI A TE

Hi de he a der

Con fi den tialNO FORN SIP DIS DE PART MENT FOR EUR/SCE AND S/WCI; THE HA GUE FOR OLC E.O.

12958: DECL: 01/01/2020 Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs],

KAWC [A tro ci ti es and War Cri mes], ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for -mer Yugo sla vi a], HR [Cro a ti a]

Ref: ZA GREB 731 AND PRE VI O US Clas si fied By: Po li ti cal Of fi cer Chris Zim mer for re a sons 1.4 (b) and ( d)

1. (C/NF) Sum mary: Am bas sa dor Fo ley bri e fed Ju sti ce Mi ni ster Ivan Si mo no vic onhis trip to Lon don to di scuss Cro a tia’s in ve sti ga tion in to mis sing war cri mes do cu mentsand the UK’s block on Chap ter 23 (Ju di ci ary and Fun da men tal Rights) in Cro a tia’s EUac ces sion ne go ti a ti ons. Alt ho ugh so me in the Bri tish Go vern ment still hold a skep ti cal vi -ew of Cro a tia’s co o pe ra tion with ICTY, the UK is wil ling to open the chap ter and mo ve250

a fi nal de ci sion on Cro a tia’s co o pe ra tion to a clo sing benchmark. The fo cus now shifts tothe Net her lands as ap pa rently the so le hol do ut on Chap ter 23 and Si mo no vic is trying touse his con tacts in the Dutch Go vern ment to con vin ce the ir PM and Fo re ign Mi ni ster toac cept the Bri tish po si tion. The Am bas sa dor stres sed the need to con ti nue the work of theTask For ce on ce Chap ter 23 is ope ned and to hold pe o ple ac co un ta ble for ste a ling and/orde stroying do cu ments. Si mo no vic do ubts that the do cu ments will be fo und nor will sen -ten ces for de stroying do cu ments be co me mo re se ve re, but as su red the Task For ce’s in ve -sti ga ti ve work will con ti nue. End Sum mary.

2. (C/NF) Am bas sa dor Fo ley cal led on Ju sti ce Mi ni ster Si mo no vic on Ja nu ary 25to bri ef him on his trip to Lon don with Am bas sa dor-At-Lar ge for War Cri mes Step henRapp to di scuss with Bri tish of fi ci als the pro spects for un bloc king Chap ter 23, one of thefi nal hur dles for Cro a tia’s EU ac ces sion. The Am bas sa dor de scri bed the di vi sion of opi -nion in Lon don on Cro a tia’s pro gress in co o pe ra ting with ICTY and on the GoC TaskFor ce’s work to find the mis sing do cu ments in the Go to vi na ca se or to un co ver what hap -pe ned to them. He no ted that the Bri tish de ci sion to mo ve for ward on Chap ter 23 andtran sform the is sue of ICTY co o pe ra tion in to a strong clo sing benchmark was ta ken withre luc tan ce and that Bri tish of fi ci als are gi ving Cro a tia the be ne fit of the do ubt. Fo ley stres -sed that both the US and UK ex pec ted the Task For ce to con ti nue a vi go ro us in ve sti ga -tion in to the mis sing do cu ments, and to fol low the evi den ce whe re ver it led.

3. (C/NF) Si mo no vic said he is re fo cu sing on the Net her lands. He spo ke to the Mi -ni ster of Ju sti ce and a MOJ Sta te Sec re tary, who are both per so nal ac qu a in tan ces andfrom dif fe rent co a li tion part ners. They told him that they wo uld spe ak to the ir Pri me Mi -ni ster and Fo re ign Mi ni ster and ur ge them to lift the bloc ka de. Si mo no vic al so said thatot her of fi ci als at the Dutch Mi ni stry of Fo re ign Af fa irs re com men ded to the FM to openChap ter 23. He said that the Bel gi ans and Finns ha ve ta ken the Bri tish po si tion and theDutch are now iso la ted on Chap ter 23.

4. (C/NF) A strong clo sing benchmark is not a pro blem, ac cor ding to Si mo no vic,alt ho ugh he do ubts the Task For ce will be able to find the mis sing do cu ments as they are“too well hid den” by tho se who sto le them. He agreed with the Am bas sa dor that, if thedo cu ments are not fo und, it will be cri ti cal to un co ver the de ta ils of the con spi racy to con -ceal the do cu ments and hold the per pe tra tors re spon si ble. The Am bas sa dor ex pres sedcon cern that the sen ten ces me ted out thus far ha ve been we ak 6-month su spen ded sen -ten ces. Si mo no vic re spon ded that the pu nis hments we re wit hin Cro a tia’s sen ten cing gu -i de li nes, he co uld not in struct jud ges to hand out har sher sen ten ces, nor did he think fu -tu re con vic ti ons wo uld re sult in har sher pe nal ti es. He did be li e ve, ho we ver, that the TaskFor ce wo uld be able to de ter mi ne what hap pe ned to the do cu ments and even re con structwhat was in the do cu ments.

5. (C/NF) Si mo no vic said that Pre si dent-Elect Jo si po vic, known thro ug ho ut Euro -pe for his early sup port of ICTY (which was very un po pu lar do me sti cally at that ti me),will be sup por ti ve of Cro a tia’s ef forts to open Chap ter 23 and re form the ju di ci ary andhis elec tion sho uld show to ot her Euro pe ans that Cro a tia is not the sa me co un try it wasin the 1990s un der Tudjman. He al ready spo ke to Jo si po vic abo ut uti li zing the Fe bru ary18th ina u gu ra tion as an op por tu nity to di scuss with Euro pean le a ders the pro gress Cro a -tia is ma king in the in ve sti ga tion and in co o pe ra ting with ICTY.

6. (C/NF) Com ment: GOC of fi ci als ap pe ar to un der stand the need to con ti nue astrong ef fort to lo ca te the do cu ments on ce Chap ter 23 is ope ned and are awa re that com -

251

pla cency or tri ump ha lism co uld ha ve ne ga ti ve ra mi fi ca ti ons for clo sing the chap ter. Weare en co u ra ging the Cro a ti ans to bring Dutch and Bri tish of fi ci als to Za greb to me et withtho se in vol ved in the Task For ce to get a bet ter un der stan ding of the in ve sti ga tion. Postwill con ti nue to mo ni tor the Task For ce’s work to en su re that its ag gres si ve ap pro ach isma in ta i ned.

Fo ley

LXXXIRe fe ren ce id: 10BEL GRA DE19Su bject: Ser bia: Am bas sa dor’s First Me e ting With Pre si dent Ta dicOri gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 29 Jan 2010 17:50 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Sec retSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2010/01/10BEL GRA DE19.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:47 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on


Me dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO1757 RR RU E HAG RU EHD BU RU EHFL RU EHKW RU E HLA

RU EHNP RU E HROV RU EHSL DE RU EHBW #0019/01 0291750 ZNY SSSSS ZZHR 291750Z JAN 10 FM AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE TO RU EHC/SEC STA TEWASHDC 0678 IN FO EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE RHE HA AA/NA TI -O NAL SE CU RITY CO UN CIL WAS HING TON DC RHMFISS/HQ USE U COM VA -I HIN GEN GE RU EKJCS/SEC DEF WAS HING TON DC RU ZE JAA/JAC MO LE -SWORTH RAF MO LE SWORTH UK

Hi de he a der

Sec ret SIP DIS AMEM BASSY AN KA RA PASS TO AM CON SUL ADA NA AMEM BASSY

ASTA NA PASS TO AM CON SUL AL MATY AMEM BASSY BER LIN PASS TOAM CON SUL DUS SEL DORF AMEM BASSY BER LIN PASS TO AM CON SUL LE -IP ZIG AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE PASS TO AMEM BASSY POD GO RI CAAMEM BASSY HEL SIN KI PASS TO AM CON SUL ST PE TERS BURG AMEM -BASSY AT HENS PASS TO AM CON SUL THES SA LO NI KI AMEM BASSY MO -SCOW PASS TO AM CON SUL VLA DI VO STOK AMEM BASSY MO SCOW PASSTO AM CON SUL YEKA TE RIN BURG E.O. 12958: DECL: 2020/01/29

Tags: PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs],SR [Ser bi a], KV [Ko so vo]

Clas si fied By: Mary War lick, Am bas sa dor, Sta te, EXEC; RE A SON: 1.4(B), (D)

Sum mary 1. (C) In a Ja nu ary 28 me e ting with Ser bian Pre si dent Ta dic, the Am bas sa dor emp -

ha si zed her de si re to ex pand bi la te ral co o pe ra tion on de fen se and eco no mic is su es, as252

well as to in cre a se high-le vel con tacts bet we en our go vern ments. Ta dic wel co med the in -tent but ex pres sed fru stra tion that he had not been able to vi sit Was hing ton for over fo uryears. Ec ho ing com ments ma de in his pu blic re marks du ring the Am bas sa dor’s cre den -ti a ling ce re mony (pa ra. 12), Ta dic war ned that U.S. po licy to ward Ko so vo thre a te ned de -moc racy in Ser bia by strengthe ning the na ti o na list op po si tion. The Am bas sa dor re i te ra -ted U.S. sup port for Ser bia’s EU aspi ra ti ons and ur ged con ti nued strong co o pe ra tion withthe ICTY. Ta dic ex pres sed ap pre ci a tion for U.S. sup port on EU in te gra tion and ex pla i -ned that Ser bia was pur su ing the re ma i ning ICTY in dic te es be ca u se it was in its own in -te rest to do so. Si mi larly, as a Dayton gu a ran tor Ser bia wo uld con ti nue to sup port the ter -ri to rial in te grity of Bo snia-Her ze go vi na, Ta dic said. He told the Am bas sa dor that he wo -uld work with Cro a tian Pre si dent-elect Jo si po vic, an old ac qu a in tan ce, to ad dress themany dif fi cult is su es di vi ding Ser bia and Cro a tia. On Ko so vo, Ta dic emp ha ti cally sta tedthat Ser bia wo uld not chan ge its po si tion on its own ter ri to rial in te grity. He ex pres sed thede si re to pur sue a di a lo gue af ter the In ter na ti o nal Co urt of Ju sti ce ren ders its advi sory opi -nion, as the cur rent si tu a tion was un te na ble. The Am bas sa dor re spon ded that the di a lo -gue sho uld be gin now in or der to find the best way to ma na ge re ac tion to the ICJ’s opi -nion and mo ve for ward on the many pres sing is su es re la ted to Ko so vo. End Sum mary.

2. (SBU) Af ter pre sen ting her cre den ti als on Ja nu ary 28, the Am bas sa dor had a 45mi nu te wor king me e ting with Pre si dent Bo ris Ta dic. Ta dic was ac com pa nied by his fo -re ign po licy advi sor Jo van Rat ko vic and MFA Sta te Sec re tary Mir ko Ste fa no vic.

Bi la te ral 3. (C) The Am bas sa dor told Ta dic that she was eager to work with him to bu ild on

the strong fo un da tion cre a ted by her pre de ces sors, no ting that Vi ce Pre si dent Bi den’sMay 2009 vi sit to Bel gra de had ope ned a new chap ter in our bi la te ral re la ti ons. She saidthat the mi li tary-to-mi li tary re la ti on ship was strong, but it was ti me to ta ke it to the nextle vel thro ugh in cre a sed jo int tra i ning and ex chan ges, Ser bian con tri bu ti ons to pe a ce ke e -ping mis si ons, and par ti ci pa tion in NA TO Part ner ship for Pe a ce (PfP) ac ti vi ti es. The Am -bas sa dor al so told Ta dic that she wo uld fo cus on ex pan ding eco no mic and bu si ness ti es,in clu ding new in vest ments, and sup por ting the com ple tion of Ser bia’s WTO ac ces sion.She al so emp ha si zed her com mit ment to se ek op por tu ni ti es for ad di ti o nal high-le vel con -tacts bet we en our go vern ments. She no ted Pre si dent Ta dic’s vi sit to UN GA last fall, there cent vi sits of De fen se Mi ni ster Su ta no vac and Fo re ign Mi ni ster Je re mic to Was hing -ton, and In ter i or Mi ni ster Da cic’s me e tings this we ek. The Am bas sa dor po in ted to twoup co ming con gres si o nal de le ga ti ons to Ser bia and the Fe bru ary 10 gro und bre a king forthe New Em bassy Com po und (NEC) in Bel gra de as early op por tu ni ti es to con ti nue ouren ga ge ment and furt her hig hlight the re la ti on ship pu blicly.

4. (C) Ta dic said he was ple a santly sur pri sed to he ar abo ut the sche du led gro und bre -a king event, as he had wor ked with fo ur dif fe rent U.S. am bas sa dors go ing back to his te -nu re as Mi ni ster of De fen se to iden tify a su i ta ble lo ca tion for the new U.S. Em bassy andfa ci li ta te the sa le. He com men ted that he was en co u ra ged to see co un tri es such as the U.S.and Chi na in ve sting in mo dern di plo ma tic fa ci li ti es in Bel gra de. He al so sta ted that it wasti me for the Ser bian go vern ment to re con struct its own bu il dings da ma ged du ring the1999 NA TO in ter ven tion.

5. (C) Shif ting to pics abruptly, Ta dic vo i ced a com pla int that de spi te all the talk ofex pan ding the bi la te ral re la ti ons and the strong ti es bet we en Ser bia and the U.S., he him -

253

self had not vi si ted Was hing ton in over fo ur years. (No te: To our know led ge this is thefirst ti me that Ta dic has ex pres sed an in te rest in do ing so in se ve ral years.) He com men -ted that con cre te re sults of high-le vel en ga ge ment we re lac king, and ca u ti o ned that U.S.po licy to ward the Bal kans, in par ti cu lar on Ko so vo, had im pli ca ti ons for de moc racy inSer bia. Re cal ling his own early in vol ve ment in the de moc racy mo ve ment and the monthhe had spent in jail for his ac ti vism, Ta dic said that his go vern ment was com mit ted to con -ti nued de moc ra tic re form; it had to con tend with a sig ni fi cant na ti o na list op po si tion, ho -we ver. The Am bas sa dor re i te ra ted the USG’s com mit ment, fol lo wing on the Vi ce Pre si -dent’s May 2009 vi sit, to su sta i ned bi la te ral en ga ge ment with Ser bia on all is su es, in clu -ding tho se are as whe re we do not agree. She of fe red to con ti nue to ex plo re pos si bi li ti esfor high-le vel vi sits on both si des to ke ep our bi la te ral chan nels open.

Euro pean In te gra tion and ICTY Co o pe ra tion 6. (C) The Am bas sa dor re cal led Vi ce Pre si dent Bi den’s ex pres si on of sup port for

Ser bia’s Euro pean aspi ra ti ons and con gra tu la ted Ta dic on his go vern ment’s re cent ac hi -e ve ments with the EU, in clu ding vi sa li be ra li za tion, im ple men ta tion of the In ter im Tra -de Agre e ment, and sub mis sion of its mem ber ship ap pli ca tion. The U.S. saw the in te gra -tion of the We stern Bal kans in to the Euro pean Union as a key pri o rity and re ma i ned pre -pa red, wor king with the EU, to sup port this pro cess. She un der sco red the im por tan ce ofcon ti nued en ga ge ment with the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the For mer Yugo sla -via (ICTY) and U.S. re a di ness to sup port the hunt for Rat ko Mla dic and Go ran Had zic.

7. (S) Ta dic ex pres sed ap pre ci a tion for U.S. help with the EU ac ces sion pro cess. OnICTY co o pe ra tion, he ex pla i ned that Ser bia was wor king in ten si vely to cap tu re Rat koMla dic “for our own re a sons,” not due to pres su re from the in ter na ti o nal com mu nity orthe ICTY, but to de mon stra te its own re sol ve to cap tu re war cri mi nals. He emp ha si zedSer bia’s com mit ment to re con ci li a tion in the re gion, po in ting to its re spon si bi li ti es as agu a ran tor of Dayton. He al so un der sco red Ser bia’s com mit ment to co o pe ra tion with theU.S. on a ran ge of thre ats, in clu ding or ga ni zed cri me, cor rup tion, ter ro rism, and nar co -tics, po in ting to the suc cess of se ve ral re cent jo int co un ter nar co tics ope ra ti ons. Ta dic sta -ted that un der ta king such sen si ti ve ope ra ti ons was po li ti cally risky and Ser bia wo uld con -ti nue to do the right thing; in re turn, ho we ver, Ser bia ho ped for si mi larly strong bi la te ralen ga ge ment in ot her are as and ex pec ted sup port from the U.S. on the se ef forts with ot -her co un tri es in the re gion. The Am bas sa dor ex pres sed U.S. ap pre ci a tion for Ser bia’sstrong co o pe ra tion in the se im por tant are as and said she wo uld be glad to di scuss any are -as of spe ci fic con cern.

Re gi o nal Co o pe ra tion 8. (C) The Am bas sa dor no ted the im por tant ro le that Ser bia can and ne eds to play

on re gi o nal re la ti ons and sta bi lity, par ti cu larly with re gard to Bo snia-Her ze go vi na andCro a tia. She con veyed ap pre ci a tion for the Ser bian go vern ment’s con struc ti ve sup port ofthe But mir pro cess and ur ged Ta dic to re main en ga ged with the par ti es, in clu ding RS le -a der Mi lo rad Do dik, in par ti cu lar. She ex pres sed USG con cern abo ut the pro spect of anyre fe ren dum mo ving for ward in the Re pu bli ka Srp ska. Ta dic said that Ser bia be li e ved thepre ser va tion of BiH’s ter ri to rial in te grity was pa ra mo unt; as a gu a ran tor of the DaytonAc cords, Ser bia so ught a pe a ce ful so lu tion on con sti tu ti o nal re form that wo uld be con si -stent with Dayton prin ci ples and pre ser ve the mo del of two en ti ti es, three con sti tu ent pe -254

o ples. Ta dic no ted that he was se e king a par li a men tary re so lu tion on Sre bre ni ca to re cog -ni ze the gra vity of the cri mes com mit ted the re.

9. (C) With re gard to Cro a tia, Ta dic said that he had known Pre si dent-elect Ivo Jo -si po vic for a long ti me and wan ted to work with him to ad dress the many dif fe rent openis su es such as the “hu ge pro blem” of re fu ge es and pro perty rights. He said he ex pec tedthe U.S. to sup port Ser bian ef forts to im pro ve that re la ti on ship and ad dress the out stan -ding is su es. Ta dic told the Am bas sa dor that he wo uld soon vi sit Al ba nia and com men tedon the enor mo us or ga ni zed cri me pro blem fa cing Mon te ne gro, whe re he al so re qu e stedU.S. sup port. He emp ha si zed that Ser bia sup por ted the in de pen den ce and ter ri to rial in te -grity of its ne ig hbors in the re gion, but many is su es ne e ded to be ad dres sed.

10. (C) Tur ning to Ko so vo, Ta dic told the Am bas sa dor “I must be as cle ar as pos si -ble with you – Ser bia will not chan ge its vi ews on its ter ri to rial in te grity. I want to be di -rect with you, as I ha ve with your ot her col le a gu es. Af ter the In ter na ti o nal Co urt of Ju sti -ce (ICJ) is su es its advi sory opi nion, we want to pur sue di a lo gue and find a way to ad dressthe is su es re la ted to Ko so vo, as the cur rent si tu a tion is un te na ble.” The Am bas sa dor re -spon ded that de spi te our cle ar dif fe ren ces, the U.S. and Ser bia ne e ded to ke ep the chan -nels of com mu ni ca tion on Ko so vo open. Whi le the Vi ce Pre si dent had con veyed ouragre e ment to di sa gree on Ko so vo, it was im por tant for Ser bia to fo cus on prac ti calways to im pro ve the li ves of Serbs in Ko so vo and on re sol ving out stan ding is su es. Sheemp ha si zed the need for Ser bia to ta ke a re spon si ble and for ward lo o king ap pro ach af -ter the ICJ opi nion, con si stent with Pre si dent Ta dic’s own for ward lo o king ap pro achto ward Euro pean in te gra tion, that wo uld not do harm to sta bi lity in the re gion nor tothe ot her im por tant work on our bi la te ral agen da. She re com men ded both si des be gina di a lo gue now abo ut how to ma na ge the way for ward and said she ho ped to con ti nuedi scus si ons with Ta dic’s fo re ign po licy advi sor, Jo van Rat ko vic, on this su bject as earlyas next we ek.

Com ment 11. (S) Com ment: Pre si dent Ta dic ma de cle ar du ring the me e ting and in his pu blic

sta te ment that he do es not in tend to back down on Ko so vo. At the sa me ti me, he de mon -stra ted that he is open to di a lo gue and told us what he wants: a warm re cep tion in Was -hing ton and con ti nued high le vel en ga ge ment ac ross the U.S. in ter a gency, co o pe ra tionon sen si ti ve se cu rity is su es, pu blic sup port for Ser bia’s ef forts to im pro ve re gi o nal re la ti -ons, and sen si ti vity to the do me stic po li ti cal con stra ints he fa ces on Ko so vo po licy. Nowis the op por tu ne mo ment to lay out for Ta dic and his key fo re ign po licy advi sors what weex pect of him, na mely a con struc ti ve and co or di na ted re spon se to the ICJ’s up co mingadvi sory opi nion ac com pa nied by in cre a sed prag ma tism in esta blis hing a mo dus Vi ven -di with Ko so vo, and con ti nued for ce ful en ga ge ment with Mi lo rad Do dik to pre ser ve sta -bi lity in BiH. In the co ming months, high-le vel Was hing ton en ga ge ment with Ta dic willbe es sen tial to dri ve the se mes sa ges ho me. The ot her si ne qua non is a strong, con si stentmes sa ge from the Euro pean Union that con ti nued an ta go nism and in fle xi bi lity on Ko so -vo af ter the ICJ opi nion will ham per Ser bia’s pro gress to ward mem ber ship. End Com -ment.

12. (U) Text of Pre si dent Ta dic’s re marks (tran sla tion pro vi ded by the Pre si dency):Ad dress by His Ex cel lency Mr. Bo ris Ta dic, Pre si dent of the Re pu blic of Ser bia, on theoc cas sion of the pre sent a tion of the let ters of cre den ce by Her Ex cel lency Mrs. Mary

255

War lick, Am bas sa dor ex tra or di nary and Ple ni po ten ti ary of the Uni ted Sta tes of Ame ri -ca to the Re pu blic of Ser bia Bel gra de, 28 Ja nu ary 2010 Ex cel lency, It is my gre at ple a -su re to re ce i ve the Let ters by which the Ho no ra ble Ba rack Oba ma, Pre si dent of the Uni -ted Sta tes of Ame ri ca is ac cre di ting you as Am bas sa dor Ex tra or di nary and Ple ni po ten -ti ary to the Re pu blic of Ser bia. May I ask you, Ex cel lency, to con vey to Pre si dent Oba -ma my cor dial gre e tings and the as su ran ces of my hig hest con si de ra tion. The re la ti on -ship with the Uni ted Sta tes of Ame ri ca is one of the pil lars of the fo re ign po licy of theRe pu blic of Ser bia. Ever sin ce the ti mes when the in te rests of our co un try in the Uni tedSta tes of Ame ri ca we re re pre sen ted by the di plo mat and the well-known sci en tist of Ser -bian ori gin Mi ha i lo Pu pin, the bi la te ral re la ti ons bet we en our two co un tri es ha ve beencha rac te ri zed by fri endship and al li an ce at all tur ning po ints in the world’s hi story of thetwen ti eth cen tury. Such re la ti ons and all-ro und co o pe ra tion we re da ma ged at the ti meof the re gi me of Slo bo dan Mi lo se vic. Fol lo wing the de moc ra tic chan ged in Ser bia, weha ve re sto red our clo se co o pe ra tion which en te red a new qu a lity pha se af ter the vi sit ofVi ce-Pre si dent Bi den. To day, Ser bia is a truly de moc ra tic co un try. In the past ten yearsof the de moc ra tic tran si tion we ha ve suc cessfully im ple men ted many re forms gu a ran -te e ing the re spect of hu man rights, mi no rity rights, me dia fre e doms and free elec ti ons.We are very gra te ful for the as si stan ce by the Uni ted Sta tes of Ame ri ca in this de moc -ra ti za tion pro cess in Ser bia. We are par ti cu larly sa tis fied with the suc cessful co o pe ra tionthat we esta blis hed with the Uni ted Sta tes of Ame ri ca in com ba ting in ter na ti o nal ter ro -rism and or ga ni zed cri me. Ex cel lency, Lar ge Ser bian com mu nity in Ame ri ca has forcen tu ri es pro vi ded a link bet we en our two co un tri es and con tri bu ted to the cre a tion ofAme ri can so ci ety. Ser bia is a si ster sta te with the Sta te of Il li no is and the main part nerof the Army of Ser bia is the Na ti o nal Gu ard of Ohio. We are par ti cu larly ple a sed withthe fact that Ame ri can com pa ni es are among the big gest fo re ign in ve stors in Ser bia. Ma -dam Am bas sa dor, Be co ming a full mem ber of the Euro pean Union is the stra te gic goalof the Re pu blic of Ser bia. We are con vin ced that the Euro pean Union will not be com -ple te un til Ser bia and ot her We stern Bal kan co un tri es are in te gra ted in to it. The sup portof the Uni ted Sta tes of Ame ri ca in that re gard is of ex cep ti o nal im por tan ce. Ma dam Am -bas sa dor, Ser bia will con ti nue to de fend its so ve re ignty and ter ri to rial in te grity in Ko so -vo by po li ti cal and di plo ma tic me ans. We wo uld li ke 2010 to be the year of pe a ce ful,com pro mi se and re a li stic so lu tion of this is sue, af ter the In ter na ti o nal Co urt of Ju sti ceren ders its advi sory opi nion. De spi te dif fe rent po si ti ons that we ha ve re gar ding the sta -tus of Ko so vo, we ho pe that Ame ri can po licy will re spect le gi ti ma te Ser bian in te restsand that it will not je o par di ze de moc racy in Ser bia. At the sa me ti me, Ser bia is verymuch con cer ned abo ut the plans of Pri sti na to for ce fully esta blish its ru le over the ma -jo rity-Serb nort hern Ko so vo. If this stra tegy we re to be im ple men ted it wo uld ha ve un -fo re seen con se qu en ces for the sta bi lity of the re gion. Ex cel lency, Ser bia is strongly com -mit ted to strengthe ning the re gi o nal co o pe ra tion and good-ne ig hbo urly re la ti ons. Wit -ho ut a sta ble, de moc ra tic Ser bia it is not pos si ble to ima gi ne the sta ble and pro spe ro usWe stern Bal kans. Ser bia re spects the so ve re ignty and ter ri to rial in te grity of Bo snia andHer ze go vi na, its in ter nal ar ran ge ments de fi ned by the Dayton Ac cords as well as theEuro pean and Euro-Atlan tic in te gra tion of Bo snia and Her ze go vi na. Ex cel lency, Yoube gin your mis sion at the very im por tant ti me for the Re pu blic of Ser bia but al so for thefurt her de ve lop ment of the re la ti ons bet we en our two co un tri es. I wish you every suc -cess in the dischar ge of your re spon si ble du ti es. l am con vin ced that with your know -256

led ge and ex pe ri en ce you will ma ke an im por tant con tri bu tion to the de ve lop ment of theove rall co o pe ra tion bet we en our two co un tri es.

War lick

LXXXIIRe fe ren ce id: 10BRUS SELS119Su bject: Eu Fo re ign Af fa irs Co un cil, Ja nu ary – Ha i ti Do mi na tes The Di scus sionOri gin: USEU Brus sels (Euro pe) Ca ble ti me: Mon, 1 Feb 2010 06:13 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Con fi den tialSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2010/02/10BRUS SELS119.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTCMe dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXRO2680 PP RU E HAG RU EHKW RU E HROV RU EHSL RU EH SR

DE RU EHBS #0119/01 0320613 ZNY CCCCC ZZH P 010613Z FEB 10 FM USEUBRUS SELS TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC PRI O RITY IN FO RUC NMUC/EUCAN DI DA TE STA TES COL LEC TI VE PRI O RITY RUC NMEM/EU MEM BERSTA TES COL LEC TI VE PRI O RITY RU EHBJ/AMEM BASSY BE I JING PRI O RITYRU EHBW/AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE PRI O RITY RU EH BUL/AMEM BASSYKA BUL PRI O RITY RU EHYN/AMEM BASSY SA NAA PRI O RITY RU -EHVJ/AMEM BASSY SA RA JE VO PRI O RITY RU EH NO/USMIS SION USNA TOPRI O RITY RU EKJCS/SEC DEF WASHDC PRI O RITY RU EKJCS/JO INT STAFFWASHDC PRI O RITY RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC PRI O RITY RHMFITT/CDRUSE U COM VA I HIN GEN GE PRI O RITY

Hi de he a der


PHUM [Hu man Rights], EAID [Fo re ign Eco no mic As si stan ce], AF [Afg ha ni stan],MASS [Mi li tary As si stan ce and Sa les], EUN [E u ro pean Uni on], BK [Bo snia and Her -ze go vi na], SR [Ser bi a], SO [So ma li a], YM [Yemen], HA [Ha i ti], IR [I ran], HU [Hun -gary], CH [Chi na (Ma in land)]

Ref: A. USEU BRUS SELS 00090 B. USEU BRUS SELS 00088 Clas si fied By: USEU POL M-C Chri stop her Da vis for re a sons 1.4 (b) and ( d).

1. (C) Sum mary: Me e ting in Brus sels on Ja nu ary 25, EU Fo re ign Mi ni sters fo cu sedthe ir at ten tion on the si tu a tion in Ha i ti and di scus sed how the EU co uld bet ter sup port in -ter na ti o nal com mu nity re li ef ef forts ta king pla ce the re. Fol lo wing an over vi ew of Spa -nish pre si dency pri o ri ti es, di scus si ons in the Ge ne ral Af fa irs Co un cil (GAC) cha i red bySpa nish FM Mo ra ti nos cen te red on the ro le of the body un der the Lis bon Tre aty. Led byHigh Re pre sen ta ti ve As hton for the first ti me, the Fo re ign Af fa irs Co un cil (FAC) en ga -ged pri ma rily in Ha i ti-re la ted di scus si ons fol lo wing re a do uts from both HR As hton andDe ve lop ment Com mis si o ner de Gucht’s re cent tra vels. Mi ni sters agreed to stand up a

257

Brus sels-ba sed co or di na tion cell to as sist UN ef forts and to in cre a se Gen dar me rie for cele vels in Ha i ti to 300 per son nel. Con cer ning the EU’s mi li tary ope ra tion in Bo snia, Mi -ni sters agreed to ma in tain its exe cu ti ve man da te with a vi ew to ex pan ding the ro le of themis sion to in clu de non-exe cu ti ve fun cti ons such as tra i ning. Du ring the Ja nu ary 26 EU-Ser bia po li ti cal di a lo gue, Ser bia was told not to ex pect its EU mem ber ship ap pli ca tion tobe re fer red soon to the Euro pean Com mis sion. Asked at the con clu ding press con fe ren -ce to com ment on re marks by the Spa nish am bas sa dor in Be i jing abo ut the sta tus of theEU’s Chi na arms em bar go, Mo ra ti nos said that Mi ni sters we re de ba ting pos si ble chan -ges, ci tin @o un cil Con clu si ons. End airs Co un cil ti nos no ted (FAC) cen te red on Ha i ti.The Co un cil di scus sed the cor di na tion of the EU’s ove rall re spon se to thQ ear thqu a ke inHa i ti. Fol lo wing on its ex tra or di nary me e ting of Ja nu ary 18, it agreed that Mem ber Sta -tes wo uld pro vi de a col lec ti ve EU con tri bu tion of at le ast 300 po li ce per son nel as a tem -po rary re in for ce ment of the U.N. Sta bi li za tion Mis sion in Ha i ti’s (MI NU STAH) po li ceca pa bi lity (ref A). In ad di tion, the Co un cil agreed to set up a cell – EUCO Ha i ti – in Brus -sels to co or di na te Mem ber Sta te mi li tary and se cu rity sup port con tri bu ti ons in re spon seto the UN’s ap peal for such as si stan ce. The pur po se of the cell will be to match con tri bu -ti ons to ne eds and ma xi mi ze the speed and ef fi ci ency of the EU’s re spon se, avo i ding du -pli ca tion. EUCO Ha i ti will com ple ment the co or di na tion of the Mem ber Sta tes’ ci vil pro -tec tion con tri bu ti ons by the Com mis sion Mo ni to ring and In for ma tion Cen ter (MIC).

4. (U) Du ring the post-Co un cil press con fe ren ce, As hton said that the pur po se of theday’s di scus si ons had been to “furt her re in for ce our con tri bu tion.” She no ted that she hadjust re tur ned from Was hing ton and New York whe re she had me e tings with Sec re taryClin ton, at the UN, and the World Bank. She an no un ced that Mem ber Sta tes had agreedto “pro vi de en gi ne e ring ex per ti se and equ ip ment.” As hton no ted that “ma ri ti me ca pa bi -li ti es” wo uld al so be pro vi ded, but sha red no de ta ils. Con cer ning po li ce of fi cers, she re -por ted a “col lec ti ve con tri bu tion to “re in for ce po li ce ca pa bi li ti es (to en su re se cu rity forthe re li ef ef fort) of at le ast 300.” As hton said that mi ni sters had al so agreed to her pro po -sal to set up a “light co or di na tion cell in Brus sels” to “fa ci li ta te our con tri bu tion to theUN.” She said she had bri e fed the Co un cil abo ut all aspects of her me e tings and that theCo un cil had in vi ted her to con ti nue playing a ro le.

5. (SBU) Af ter As hton li sted EU con tri bu ti ons (No te: fact she et e-ma i led toEUR/ERA), De ve lop ment Com mis si o ner Ka rel de Gucht re por ted on the re cent fact-fin -ding vi sit he ma de to Ha i ti with the Di rec tors Ge ne ral of DG De ve lop ment and DG Hu -ma ni ta rian Aid. De Gucht said they so ught in for ma tion on how to pro ceed with re ha bi -li ta tion, no ting that he was po si ti vely im pres sed at the or ga ni za tion of the in ter na ti o nalcom mu nity the re. De Gucht re por ted be ing struck that sur ge ons and nur ses we re wor kingday and night in cir cum stan ces akin to war. (No te: De Gucht, a Bel gian, may ha ve hadin mind the con tro versy, played up on CNN, over a Bel gian me di cal te am le a ving a ma -kes hift cli nic in Port-au-Prin ce one night for se cu rity re a sons. End no te) De Gucht put atover 150,000 the num ber of pe o ple se ri o usly in ju red and said that the di stri bu tion of wa -ter and food was fun cti o ning, alt ho ugh not al ways smo othly.

6. (U) With 250,000 pe o ple cur rently li ving in parks and out do or pla ces, de Guchtsaid the next ur gent pro blem was set ting up mo re camps. With sta te struc tu res “prac ti -cally di sap pe a red,” de Gucht stres sed the im por tan ce of MI NU STAH, de spi te its ownlos ses du ring the qu a ke. He put at years the re con struc tion ef fort. He said that at the Ja -258

nu ary 25 Mon treal Con fe ren ce (la ter that sa me day) the EU wo uld be “very clo sely in -vol ved” in re con struc tion plan ning.

7. (U) Asked why she had asked French FM Ko uc hner to spe ak on her be half inMon treal (vi ce the Spa nish pre si dency), HR As hton an swe red that she and FM Mo ra ti -nos had to be in Brus sels for the GAC/FAC, so asking Ko uc hner ma de sen se sin ce hewas al ready go ing to be the re, wit ho ut ta king anything away from the Spa nish pre si -dency. Asked if the 300 po li ce of fi cers we re abo ve the 220 al ready the re, As hton said “theove rall ca pa city is 300 as I un der stand it.” Asked abo ut adop ti ons, As hton said we must“sup port chil dren ap pro pri a tely.” Asked why the co or di na tion cell wo uld be lo ca ted inBrus sels and not on the gro und in Ha i ti, As hton said that the re wo uld al so be co or di na -tion on the gro und. Con cer ning qu e sti ons as to whet her she co uld ha ve do ne bet ter, As -hton re plied “I’ve been on the job six we eks, we will lo ok at les sons le ar ned, and I willco me for ward with pro po sals.”

Fo re ign Af fa irs Co un cil – Ot her Is su es8. (U) Bo snia – The Co un cil de ci ded that the EU wo uld be gin to pro vi de non-exe -

cu ti ve ca pa city bu il ding and tra i ning sup port wit hin EUFOR Ope ra tion ALT HEA in Bo -snia. It agreed that EUFOR’s exe cu ti ve man da te wo uld con ti nue in ac cor dan ce with UN -SCR 1895 and it un der li ned its re a di ness to ma in tain an exe cu ti ve mi li tary ro le to sup -port the se ef forts beyond 2010 – un der a UN man da te – sho uld the si tu a tion so re qu i re.Dra wing from the FAC’s writ ten con clu si ons, As hton cal led ALT HEA a “ma jor suc cess.”When pres sed abo ut the mis sion’s fu tu re, As hton said “our con clu si ons we re not abo utthe fu tu re of Bo snia, but we are very cle ar that Bo snia is one co un try with dif fe rent com -mu ni ti es and we ho pe that part of the elec tion cam pa ign will be abo ut the ir path to theEU – we need to think beyond the elec ti ons.”

9. (U) So ma lia – The Co un cil agreed to set up a Com mon Se cu rity and De fen se Po -licy (CSDP) ope ra tion to con tri bu te to the tra i ning of the Tran si ti o nal Fe de ral Go vern -ment’s (TFG) Na ti o nal Se cu rity For ces in Ugan da. The in tent is to la unch the ope ra tion,which will ta ke pla ce in Ugan da, with the next in ta ke of tra i ne es, sche du led to start inspring 2010. As hton con fir med the agre e ment to set up the tra i ning mis sion in Ugan da,tel ling the press that it was re qu e sted by the So ma li tran si ti o nal go vern ment. She ad dedthat Mi ni sters re ma i ned very con cer ned abo ut the si tu a tion in So ma lia and wo uld ca re -fully as sess it be fo re la un ching the ope ra tion.

10. (U) Yemen – Con cer ning the Ja nu ary 27 Lon don me e ting, As hton said, “Wewant to li sten to the go vern ment of Yemen to see how we can do mo re in terms of aid,but the go vern ment of Yemen ne eds to do mo re, too.” Yemen it self, she ad ded, ne eds toha ve “a na ti o nal di a lo gue.” Con tacts in the Ger man and Ita lian mis si ons told us that theEU wants to fo cus mo re on de ve lop ment than on stra ightfor ward co un ter-ter ro rism or se -cu rity ope ra ti ons, and wants to co or di na te with the U.S. on Yemen po licy.

11. (U) Afg ha ni stan – Lo o king ahead to the Ja nu ary 28 Lon don con fe ren ce, As htontold the press, “We want to talk to the go vern ment abo ut Afg han ow ner ship.” She furt -her re por ted, “We are lo o king to see how we can bring re so ur ces on the gro und mo re ef -fec ti vely – all things that help to cre a te a so ci ety – this is an im por tant mo ment in the de -ba te in terms of what mo re we can do.”

12. (U) Iran – As hton said, “We con ti nue to re gret Iran’s re luc tan ce to di scuss thenuc le ar is sue, they did not re spond fa vo rably to our pro po sal, we ha ve star ted to con si der

259

ap pro pri a te furt her me a su res, and the di scus sion will con ti nue in the UNSC.” When pres -sed to say whet her the EU and U.S. we re he a ded to wards san cti ons even wit ho ut con -sen sus in the UNSC, As hton said the in ter na ti o nal com mu nity has ru les and “obli ga ti onswit hin the ru les.” She ad ded that the Co un cil wo uld con si der the re sult of di scus si ons inthe UN Se cu rity Co un cil, not pre empt them. Pres sed to say what kind of me a su re wo uldbe most ef fec ti ve and how long be fo re the EU wo uld con si der uni la te ral ac tion/me a su -res, As hton apo lo gi zed for ha ving to gi ve a stan dard “wa it and see” what hap pens in theUNSC; then “we will then re turn to the su bject.”

EU-Ser bia Po li ti cal Di a lo gue13. (C) On Ja nu ary 26, the EU held its first “po li ti cal di a lo gue” (for merly known as

Tro i ka) me e ting with Ser bia sin ce the en try in to for ce of the Lis bon Tre aty. At the me e -ting, cha i red by FM Mo ra ti nos (per de le ga tion of HR As hton) and as si sted by out go ingEn lar ge ment Com mis si o ner Rehn, we un der stand that Ser bia was told not to ex pect theCo un cil Sec re ta ri at to re fer Ser bia’s EU mem ber ship ap pli ca tion to the Euro pean Com -mis sion for its opi nion any ti me soon, de spi te Ser bian FM Je re mic’s re pe a ted in si sten cethat this hap pen as soon as pos si ble. Ser bia was told that as a pro spec ti ve mem ber, it wasex pec ted to mir ror mo re clo sely the de ci si ons of the EU in in ter na ti o nal bo di es, and thatre cent Ser bian vo tes in the OSCE re la ted to hu man rights mat ters (whe re Ser bia alig nedit self with Rus sia) and on the Israel Nuc le ar Ca pa bi li ti es Re so lu tion (whe re Ser bia alig -ned it sel ppli ca tion, Rehn said the Com mis sion was ready to start work on its opi nion, butMo ra ti nos said the EU-27 we re still hol ding in ter nal con sul ta ti ons on the ap pro pri a te ti -ming for the Co un cil to tran smit the Ser bian ap pli ca tion to the Com mis sion for its opi -nion. Pres sed to ela bo ra te on the ti me ta ble for the Co un cil’s de ci sion, Mo ra ti nos onlysaid: “We ho pe it will hap pen. The so o ner the bet ter.” FM Mo ra ti nos ad ded that the Ja -nu ary 26 di a lo gue ena bled the EU and Ser bia to di scuss “the con struc ti ve ro le that Ser -bia can play in the We stern Bal kans,” with the main fo cus on Bo snia and Ko so vo. Mo -ra ti nos al so an no un ced plans for hol ding an EU-We stern Bal kans Sum mit in Sa ra je vo atthe end of May, at which Ko so vo wo uld, “of co ur se,” be re pre sen ted.

15. (U) Je re mic said his co un try was “de ter mi ned to match the suc cess (in EU-Ser -bia re la ti ons) of 2009 in 2010.” The Ser bian go vern ment wo uld con ti nue to do its part in“co o pe ra ting fully” with the ICTY. Je re mic ex pres sed ho pe that the pro cess of ra ti fi ca -tion of the EU-Ser bia Sta bi li za tion and As so ci a tion Agre e ment (SAA) can start “as soonas pos si ble.” He re cog ni zed the “cri ti cal sig ni fi can ce” of re gi o nal co o pe ra tion in We sternBal kans as “one of the key pre re qu i si tes for the pro cess of in te gra tion in to the EU,” ad -ding that the Ser bian go vern ment was com mit ted to “stay the co ur se.” Re gar ding Ko so -vo, Je re mic said his go vern ment “can con sult with who me ver has a le gal man da te.” Itwas “ex tre mely im por tant,” he said, “that we work in con sul ta tion” with the EU, and Ser -bia wo uld “stay con struc ti ve.” Je re mic said Ser bia was ho ping that “a com pro mi se ac -cep ta ble to all sta ke hol ders will be fo und” re gar ding Ko so vo, ad ding, “We ho pe the en -ti re re gion can be in te gra ted in the EU.”

Chi na Arms Em bar go – Unex pec ted To pic 16. (U) Whi le not a to pic for di scus sion du ring the FAC or sub se qu ent me e tings, the

EU’s Chi na arms em bar go ca me up du ring the press po int which fol lo wed the EU-Ser -bia di a lo gue. Asked abo ut press re ports ba sed on re marks by the Spa nish Am bas sa dor in260

Be i jing (ac cor ding to which Spain was ho ping to “de e pen di scus si ons on lif ting the ban”cur rently ap plied on Chi na by the EU), Mo ra ti nos be gan his reply by ma king ge ne ral re -marks on “the new ro le which Chi na is as su ming in the world,” and the de si ra bi lity “toim pro ve re la ti ons with Chi na to en su re the best pos si ble di a lo gue.” He then re fer red to“the most re cent de ci sion” by the EU on the su bject mat ter, which was “to re vi ew the de -ci sion on the arms em bar go,” ad ding, “We will be we ig hting the pros and cons.” Mo ra -ti nos furt her said that a de ci sion on the lif ting of the em bar go was “su bject to the will” ofthe EU-27 and that “it will be up to the Mem ber sta tes to de ci de on the best way for ward.”

17. (U) The fol lo wing is an ex cerpt from the De cem ber 2009 Euro pean Co un cilCon clu si ons: Be gin text: The Euro pean Co un cil wel co med the re sults of the se venth EU-Chi na Sum mit that to ok pla ce in The Ha gue on 8 De cem ber. It in vi ted the Co un cil andthe Com mis sion to furt her ex plo re the fe a si bi lity of a new EU-Chi na fra me work agre e -ment and pos si ble co o pe ra tion on is su es such as re-ad mis sion and mar ket eco nomy sta -tus. The Euro pean Co un cil con fir med that EU-Chi na re la ti ons ha ve de ve lo ped sig ni fi -cantly in all aspects in the past years. It is lo o king for ward to furt her pro gress in all are asof this re la ti on ship as re fer red to in the EU-Chi na Jo int Sta te ment, in par ti cu lar the ra ti fi -ca tion of the In ter na ti o nal Co ve nant on ci vil and po li ti cal rights. In this con text the Euro -pean Co un cil re af fir med the po li ti cal will to con ti nue to work to wards lif ting the armsem bar go. It in vi ted the next Pre si dency to fi na li ze the well-advan ced work in or der to al -low for a de ci sion. It un der li ned that the re sult of any de ci sion sho uld not be an in cre a seof arms ex ports from EU Mem ber Sta tes to Chi na, ne it her in qu an ti ta ti ve nor qu a li ta ti veterms. In this re gard the Euro pean Co un cil re cal led the im por tan ce of the cri te ria of theCo de of Con duct on arms ex ports, in par ti cu lar cri te ria re gar ding hu man rights, sta bi lityand se cu rity in the re gion and the na ti o nal se cu rity of fri endly and al lied co un tri es. TheEuro pean Co un cil al so stres sed the im por tan ce in this con text of the early adop tion of there vi sed Co de of Con duct and the new in stru ment on me a su res per ta i ning to arms ex portsto post-em bar go co un tri es (‘To ol box’). End text.

18. (SBU) USEU No te: The EU arms em bar go on Chi na, which was esta blis hed af -ter the Ti a nan men Squ a re events of 1989, was im po sed by de ci sion of the Euro pean Co -un cil (read: the EU he ads of sta te and go vern ment) and not by way of a CFSP Com monPo si tion, the le gal ba sis for which did not exist at the ti me. EU con tacts pri va tely told usat the ti me of the 2004 de ba te on the pos si ble lif ting of the em bar go that the ori gi nal de -ci sion by the le a ders co uld the re fo re only be amen ded by the le a ders (me a ning at the le -vel of the Euro pean Co un cil ope ra ting by con sen sus). Any di scus sion with EU of fi ci alson the qu e sti on of the Chi na arms em bar go will ine vi tably to uch upon the is sue, in clu -ding the sta tus and ef fec ti ve ness of the EU co de of con duct on arms ex ports, which hasbeen re vi sed sin ce the 2004 de ba te. The po si tion of in di vi dual Mem ber Sta tes can varyover ti me, de pen ding on the po li ti cal outlo ok of the ir le a ders. Ger many un der Chan cel -lor Schro e der in tan dem with then-Pre si dent Chi rac of Fran ce, pus hed for the lif ting ofthe em bar go in 2004. An ge la Mer kel, by con trast, has re si sted lif ting the em bar go.

Ot her Me e tings19. (U) Mi ni ste ri als with the Ka zakh OSCE Pre si dency and a po li ti cal di a lo gue with

Ca pe Ver de we re al so held in co njun ction with the FAC. Ken nard

261

LXXXIIIRe fe ren ce id: 10BEL GRA DE188Su bject: Ser bia: Sce ne set ter For The Fe bru ary 17-19 Vi sit Of Co del Vo i no vichOri gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 5 Feb 2010 13:21 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Un clas si fied//For Of fi cial Use OnlySo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2010/02/10BEL GRA DE188.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Fri, 26 Aug 2011 02:34 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on

Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTC (diff from ori gi nal)Me dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXYZ0015 RR RU EH WEB DE RU EHBW #0188/01 0390735 ZNR

UUUUU ZZH (CCY-ADX1CE238-TOQ6365-413) R 051321Z FEB 10 FM AMEM -BASSY BEL GRA DE TO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC 0702 IN FO EURO PEANPO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VE RHE HA AA/NA TI O NAL SE CU RITY CO UN CIL WAS -HING TON DC RU E A I IA/CIA WAS HING TON DC

Hi de he a der

Un clas SEN SI TI VE COR REC TED COPY (SEN SI TI VE CAP TION AD DED) SIP DIS E.O. 12958: N/A Tags: PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], ECON [E co no mic Con di ti ons], MA -

RR [Mi li tary and De fen se Ar ran ge ments], SR [Ser bi a]

Sum mary 1. (SBU) Your vi sit to Bel gra de co mes at a ti me when Ser bia’s pro-Euro pean go -

vern ment is sta ble and re cently ac hi e ved key mi le sto nes in its path to EU mem ber ship.To ke ep ma king pro gress, ho we ver, Ser bia must stop al lo wing the Ko so vo is sue to un -der mi ne its bro a der fo re ign po licy ap pro ach and shift its fo cus to the eco no mic and po li -ti cal re forms ne ces sary for mem ber ship in the EU. Re forms to da te ha ve been une ven,with sig ni fi cant pro gress in the de fen se sec tor and many chal len ges ahead in the eco no -mic sphe re, par ti cu larly as the eco no mic cri sis thre a tens to lead to su sta i ned la bor and so -cial un rest. End Sum mary.

Do me stic Po li tics2. (SBU) Ser bia’s de moc ra tic, pro-Euro pean go vern ment has re ma i ned in tact sin ce

its in stal la tion in July 2008 de spi te its ra zor thin par li a men tary ma jo rity. Pre si dent Bo risTa dic’s De moc ra tic Party (DS) is the main party in the ru ling co a li tion, and al so con trolsSer bia’s lar gest city go vern ments. Ta dic’s ul tra na ti o na list ne me sis, the Ser bian Ra di calParty (SRS), splin te red in autumn 2008 when top SRS of fi ci als split to form the Ser bianPro gres si ve Party (SNS). Cla i ming a pro-Euro pean ori en ta tion whi le cul ti va ting its na ti -o na list elec to ral ba se, the SNS is now Ser bia’s lar gest op po si tion party; it polls ro ughlyeven (at aro und 30%) with Ta dic’s DS. Ho we ver, de spi te re cent lo cal elec to ral vic to ri esand a na ti on wi de pe ti tion ef fort, the op po si tion is una ble to pro vo ke early elec ti ons. Themain thre at to the go ver ning co a li tion’s sta bi lity con ti nu es to be po li ti cal in fig htingamong the go ver ning par ti es. 262

Euro-Atlan tic In te gra tion3. (SBU) Top Ser bian of fi ci als ha ve re pe a tedly emp ha si zed that Ser bia’s top fo re ign

po licy ob jec ti ve is to gain EU mem ber ship. Over the past se ve ral months Ser bia has ac -hi e ved sig ni fi cant mi le sto nes in clu ding ga i ning vi sa li be ra li za tion with Schen gen co un -tri es on De cem ber 19, for mally sub mit ting an ap pli ca tion for EU mem ber ship of De cem -ber 22, and “un fre e zing” and im ple men ting the In ter im Tra de Agre e ment with the EU onFe bru ary 1. (EU ra ti fi ca tion of Ser bia’s Sta bi li za tion and As so ci a tion Agre e ment re ma -ins con di ti o ned on Ser bia’s full co o pe ra tion with the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal forthe For mer Yugo sla via (ICTY); most no tably, Ser bia must cap tu re and ex tra di te ICTYin dic te es Rat ko Mla dic and Go ran Had zic.) Over the past year, ho we ver, Ser bia’s pro-Euro pean fo re ign po licy fo cus has been blur red by Bel gra de’s ef forts to cul ti va te clo serre la ti ons with the Non-Alig ned Mo ve ment (NAM), Chi na, and Rus sia. – The NAM hasbeen a par ti cu lar fo cus as part of Ser bia’s ef forts to slow down Ko so vo re cog ni ti ons, andChi na and Rus sia as ap pre ci a tion for the ir sup port on the UN Se cu rity Co un cil in re gardto Ko so vo.

4. (SBU) Whi le Ser bia co o pe ra tes with NA TO via the Part ner ship for Pe a ce Pro -gram, it do es not in tend to pur sue NA TO mem ber ship in the fo re se e a ble fu tu re. This ispartly due to la sting pu blic an ger over the 1999 NA TO bom bing cam pa ign which for cedthen-Pre si dent Slo bo dan Mi lo se vic to halt his et hnic cle an sing cam pa ign in Ko so vo. Ital so re flects both Ser bia’s in te rest in wal king a fi ne li ne bet we en Rus sia and the West, andits li mi ted in sti tu ti o nal and fi nan cial ca pa city to un der ta ke nu me ro us si mul ta ne o us in ter -na ti o nal com mit ments. Pu blic de ba te on NA TO has in cre a sed in re cent months as na ti o -na list fi gu res at tempt to use the is sue to gain po li ti cal trac tion and so me in the go ver ningco a li tion ma ke in cre a singly for ward-le a ning sta te ments in fa vor of the Al li an ce.

Ko so vo and Re gi o nal Re la ti ons 5. (SBU) De spi te the re cog ni tion of Ko so vo’s in de pen den ce by 65 co un tri es and its

mem ber ship in in ter na ti o nal or ga ni za ti ons such as the IMF and World Bank, Bel gra decon ti nu es to cla im that Ko so vo is part of Ser bia. Sin ce Ko so vo’s in de pen den ce in Fe bru -ary 2008, Ser bia has la un ched a di plo ma tic of fen si ve in the UN and aro und the glo be topre vent ad di ti o nal sta tes from re cog ni zing Ko so vo. Du ring his May 2009 trip to Bel gra -de, Vi ce Pre si dent Bi den cle arly sta ted that the Uni ted Sta tes and Ser bia ha ve “agreed todi sa gree” over Ko so vo’s sta tus. This spring the In ter na ti o nal Co urt of Ju sti ce is ex pec tedto is sue an advi sory opi nion to the UN Ge ne ral As sembly on the le ga lity of Ko so vo’s uni -la te ral dec la ra tion of in de pen den ce, as Ser bia re qu e sted. Re gar dless of the opi nion, Bel -gra de may at tempt to for ce a re o pe ning of sta tus talks on Ko so vo. Whi le we do not ex -pect Ser bia to re cog ni ze Ko so vo, we con ti nue to en co u ra ge the Go vern ment to find a mo -dus vi ven di with its ne ig hbor so it can ad dress the ne ces sary qu a lity of li fe is su es for Serbsin Ko so vo. Fa i lu re to do so will com pli ca te Ser bia’s path to the EU.

6. (SBU) Ser bia has de fi ned re gi o nal co o pe ra tion as one of its top three fo re ign po -licy pri o ri ti es and has so ught to re pa ir re la ti ons with its ne ig hbors with mi xed re sults.Whi le im pro ving re la ti ons with Hun gary and Slo ve nia, Ser bia has yet to ma ke amendswith Ma ce do nia and Mon te ne gro, par ti cu larly af ter the two co un tri es re cog ni zed Ko so -vo in Oc to ber 2008. Ser bia has ge ne rally played a con struc ti ve ro le in the But mir pro cessin Bo snia-Her ze go vi na. We ex pect Bel gra de to ta ke advan ta ge of the op por tu nity to im -

263

pro ve tro u bled po li ti cal re la ti ons with Cro a tia af ter in co ming Cro a tian pre si dent Ivo Jo -si po vic as su mes of fi ce in mid-Fe bru ary.

Se cu rity Is su es7. (SBU) De fen se re form is a pri o rity of the Ser bian go vern ment, and an area whe -

re sig ni fi cant pro gress has been ma de. The Ser bian Ar med For ces ha ve been right-si zedto abo ut 28,000 tro ops, with furt her cuts on hold for the ti me be ing, pen ding re e va lu a tionof the se cu rity en vi ron ment. Mi ni ster of De fen se Dra gan Su ta no vac (DS) has over seensig ni fi cant sol di er pay in cre a ses, tra i ning im pro ve ments, and le gi sla tion to co dify de fen -se re form, as well as im pro ve ments in stra te gic plan ning and pro cu re ment. The Mi ni stryhas al so ma de pro gress on dis po sing of so me ex cess ma te riel such as MAN PADS, whichwe are fun ding. Furt her re forms, in clu ding a re duc tion in ci vi lian staff, are ne e ded. Ser -bia is an ac ti ve par ti ci pant in the Na ti o nal Gu ard’s Sta te Part ner ship Pro gram with Ohio,which has been pu blicly well re ce i ved and to u ted as an exam ple of suc cessful bi la te ralco o pe ra tion.

Eco no mic Is su es8. (SBU) Ser bia’s eco nomy is still sha ped by the wars, san cti ons and eco no mic ne -

glect of the 1990’s. The co un try is trying to ma ke up for lost ti me, but the eco no mic li be -ra li za tion pro cess has been drawn out, with li mi ted tan gi ble be ne fits for ave ra ge Ser bi -ans. When the glo bal fi nan cial cri sis hit, Ser bia was qu ick to re ach out to the IMF and inMay 2009 sig ned a $4 bil lion Stand-By Ar ran ge ment. Sin ce then, the Ser bian di nar hasbeen re la ti vely sta ble; ho we ver, in re cent we eks, the di nar has co me un der pres su re. TheIMF agre e ment con stra ins the Ser bian go vern ment bud get de fi cit to 4.5% for 2009 re sul -ting in a fre e ze on pen si ons and pu blic sec tor wa ges. With li mi ted new fo re ign and do -me stic in vest ment over the last two years the eco nomy is strug gling to cre a te jobs and la -bor pres su re is bu il ding. Stri kes and acts of ci vil di so be di en ce ha ve in cre a sed as mo recom pa ni es fall be hind on payments and fa ce ban kruptcy. Be ca u se uni ons do not ha vestrong cen tral le a der ship, lo cal pres su res ha ve not be co me na ti o nal.

Bi la te ral Is su es9. (SBU) Vi ce Pre si dent Bi den’s May 2009 vi sit to Bel gra de ad ded a new im pe -

tus to our bi la te ral re la ti on ship, which had been stra i ned fol lo wing Ko so vo’s dec la ra -tion of in de pen den ce in Fe bru ary 2008. Our di plo ma tic re la ti ons ha ve now re tur ned tonor mal and we are wor king to re in for ce the Vi ce Pre si dent’s mes sa ge that we can agreeto di sa gree on Ko so vo’s sta tus whi le bu il ding on ot her are as of our bi la te ral re la ti on -ship. Our main pri o ri ti es in clu de as si sting Ser bia on its path to Euro pe, bu il ding on ourpo si ti ve mil-mil re la ti on ship, and ex pan ding eco no mic and bu si ness ti es. In the co mingmonths we will al so be se e king to up da te a wo e fully out da ted ex tra di ti on tre aty withSer bia.

Com ment10. (SBU) Now is an im por tant ti me for Ser bia to de ci de whet her it wis hes to

spend the year in a qu i xo tic qu est to re o pen Ko so vo sta tus or de vo te full at ten tion towin ning EU can di dacy sta tus. Our con si stent mes sa ge to our Ser bian in ter lo cu tors is264

the im por tan ce of over co ming do me stic po li ti cal ri val ri es and gri e van ces with ne ig -hbo ring co un tri es in or der to de mon stra te the po li ti cal ma tu rity and re spon si bi lity ne -ces sary for EU mem ber ship. With ne arly all key po li ti cal fi gu res vi e wing you as a fa -vo ri te son, you will be well po si ti o ned to de li ver the mes sa ges Bel gra de ne eds to he ar.End Com ment.

War lick

LXXXIVRe fe ren ce id: 10USUN NEWYORK66Su bject: Un Re qu est Payment Of U.s. As ses sments For The In ter na ti o nal Tri bu nals

Of The For mer Yugo sla via And The Ter ri tory Of Rwan da For 2010Ori gin: USUN New York (Uni ted Na ti ons) Ca ble ti me: Mon, 8 Feb 2010 19:03 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Un clas si fiedSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2010/02/10USUN NEWYORK66.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Fri, 26 Aug 2011 02:34 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on

Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTC (diff from ori gi nal)Me dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXYZ0003 PP RU EH WEB DE RUCNDT #0066 0391903 ZNR UUUUU

ZZH P 081903Z FEB 10 FM USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK TO SEC STA TEWASHDC PRI O RITY 8118

Hi de he a der

Un clas SIP DIS E.O. 12958: N/A Tags: UN [U ni ted Na ti ons], AORC [In ter na ti o nal Or ga ni za ti ons and Con fe ren ces],

AFIN [Fi nan cial Ma na ge ment]

1. This is an ac tion ca ble ple a se see pa ra graph 4. 2. USUN has ema i led to De part ment (IO/PSC-Tammy Po mer le au and EUR-

IO/EX/FM-Ali ce Green) two no tes from the SYG da ted Ja nu ary 20, 2010 con cer ning thefi nan cing of the in ter na ti o nal Tri bu nals for the For mer Yugo sla via (ICTY) and the Ter ri -tory of Rwan da (IC TR) for the pe riod Ja nu ary 1 to De cem ber 31, 2010 which ha ve beenas ses sed and re main payable by the U.S. go vern ment as fol lows: Net Out stan ding As ses -sment Amo unt for To tal For 2010 Pri or Years Payable – ICTY $38,763,985 $6,625,760$45,389,745 IC TR $29,948,967 $5,396,519 $35,345,486

3. The no te sta tes that funds are ur gently re qu i red for the fi nan cing of the se ope ra ti -ons and are due wit hin thirty days of re ce ipt of the no tes. The bank ac co unts to whichpayment may be ma de are al so con ta i ned in the no tes.

4. Ac tion re qu e sted: De part ment is re qu e sted to fa ci li ta te payment as no ted abo ve inpa ra graph 2.

Ri ce265

LXXXVRe fe ren ce id: 10USUN NEWYORK77Su bject: Am bas sa dor Rapp (s/swci) Holds Me e tings In New York On The Icc, The

Scsl, And The Tran sfer Of Ic tr Ca ses To Rwan daOri gin: USUN New York (Uni ted Na ti ons) Ca ble ti me: Thu, 11 Feb 2010 22:42 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Un clas si fied//For Of fi cial Use OnlySo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2010/02/10USUN NEWYORK77.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Fri, 26 Aug 2011 02:34 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on

Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTC (diff from ori gi nal)Me dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXYZ0007 RR RU EH WEB DE RUCNDT #0077/01 0422242 ZNR

UUUUU ZZH R 112242Z FEB 10 FM USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK TO SEC -STA TE WASHDC 8136

Hi de he a der

Un clas SEN SI TI VE SIP DIS E.O. 12958: N/A Tags: ICTY [In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla vi a], PARM

[Arms Con trols and Di sar ma ment], PREF [Re fu ge es], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti -ons], UNSC [UN Se cu rity Co un cil]

1. (SBU) Sum mary: Am bas sa dor Step hen Rapp (S/WCI), held me e tings in NewYork Fe bru ary 1, 2 and 5 to ta ke the pul se of the P5, Austria, and Rwan da on the pos si -bi lity of the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for Rwan da (IC TR) tran sfer ring ca ses toRwan da’s na ti o nal ju di cial system whe re an in ter na ti o nal jud ge wo uld par ti ci pa te. The rewas ge ne ral sup port for the idea alt ho ugh Rus sia had con cerns abo ut UN as ses sed fun -ding for the in ter na ti o nal jud ge. The UK and Austria had so me pro ce du ral/tec hni cal qu -e sti ons with re spect to how ca ses wo uld be tran sfer red. Rwan da con fir med its con ti nu -ing sup port for the idea. Chi na, in a me e ting on Fe bru ary 5, said that it wo uld wel co meways in which the IC TR co uld fi nish its work so o ner. With Fran ce and the UK, Am bas -sa dor Rapp al so di scus sed is su es re la ted to the ICC, the Spe cial Co urt for Si er ra Le o ne(SCSL) and the Spe cial Tri bu nal for Le ba non (STL). End Sum mary.

In ter na ti o nal Jud ge Sit ting in Rwan dan Na ti o nal Co urt?2. (SBU) In all of his me e tings Am bas sa dor Rapp emp ha si zed the de si ra bi lity of

tran sfer ring ca ses from the IC TR to Rwan da as a way for the IC TR to fi nish its workso o ner, and to eli mi na te the need for the re si dual mec ha nism (RM) to try ca ses, re sul -ting in sig ni fi cantly re du ced costs. He ex pla i ned that the IC TR’s pro se cu tor, Bu ba carJal low, in tends to re qu est the tran sfer of eight of the ele ven “fu gi ti ve” ca ses to Rwan dawit hin the next few months as many pre vi o us ob stac les ha ve been over co me, in clu dingso li tary con fi ne ment and the de ath pe nalty for exam ple. Ac cor ding to the Am bas sa dor,Jal low has al so in di ca ted he wo uld re qu est the tran sfer of the three high le vel fu gi ti vesto Rwan da if they ha ve not been ap pre hen ded wit hin the next co u ple of years. Am bas -266

sa dor Rapp said that in clu ding an in ter na ti o nal jud ge (li kely from the IC TR’s ro ster) onthe pa nel of Rwan dan jud ges wo uld go a long way in eli mi na ting con cerns that Rwan -da’s ju di cial system lack’s in de pen den ce. He said the in ter na ti o nal jud ge wo uld be fun -ded by UN as ses sed con tri bu ti ons as wo uld costs for tran sla tion. He al so said that it iswit hin Rwan da’s Chi ef Ju sti ce’s po wer to in clu de an in ter na ti o nal jud ge on a pa nel ofjud ges to he ar a na ti o nal ca se and that Rwan da has al ready do ne so in ci vil, com mer cialca ses. Pro ce du rally, Am bas sa dor Rapp ac know led ged that adop tion of a Se cu rity Co un -cil re so lu tion adju sting the IC TR’s sta tu te or pos sibly the ru les of pro ce du re is ne ces saryto fa ci li ta te in clu sion of an in ter na ti o nal jud ge in a Rwan dan na ti o nal pa nel that wo uldhe ar IC TR ca ses.

3. (SBU) RWAN DA: In his me e ting with Rwan dan Mis sion to the UN’s Le galAdvi ser Al fred Nda ba ra sa, Am bas sa dor Rapp said that Rwan da’s Pre si dent and Ju sti ceMi ni ster had both sup por ted the idea when he pre sen ted it to them last No vem ber. Nda -ba ra sa said his go vern ment highly ap pre ci a tes the work S/WCI has do ne so far and con -fir med that Jal low plans to go to Ki ga li to pre sent se ve ral ca ses for tran sfer. Nda ba ra saal so con fir med that Rwan da’s pre si dent and ju sti ce mi ni ster are awa re of and sup port thepro po sal and that his sen se is that Ki ga li wo uld li ke all IC TR ca ses re sol ved as soon aspos si ble. Am bas sa dor Rapp said that on ce a ca se is tran sfer red to Rwan da from the IC -TR, it wo uld ta ke sig ni fi cantly less ti me to com ple te than it wo uld if it we re to re main inthe IC TR. Nda ba ra sa, switching ge ars, told the Am bas sa dor that the IC TR’s ar chi ves sho -uld be lo ca ted in Ki ga li on ce the IC TR fi nis hes its work. Am bas sa dor Rapp said he wo -uld lo ok at the is sue very ca re fully but po in ted out that ac cess to ori gi nal do cu ments, in -for ma tion re la ted to the pro tec tion of wit nes ses, and Ru le 70 ma te rial by the RM is ne -ces sary.

4. (SBU) RUS SIA: Af ter Am bas sa dor Rapp outli ned the pro po sal, Gen nady Ku -zmin, the Rus sian Mis sion to the UN’s Le gal Advi ser, said that Rus sia wo uld li ke tospeed up the IC TR’s work. Ku zmin said the pro blem with tran sfer ring ca ses to Rwan dais that so me jud ges in the IC TR, in par ti cu lar Rus sian jud ge Ego rov, are con vin ced thatRwan da lacks the abi lity to pro se cu te such ca ses. He said that in the ory, Rus sia co uld sup -port the pro po sal for in clu ding an in ter na ti o nal jud ge in a Rwan dan pro ce e ding, but mo -ney wo uld be a con cern. Ku zmin ex pla i ned that Rus sia’s UN fi nan cial as ses sment in cre -a sed when the most re cent sca le of as ses sments was adop ted in De cem ber. He askedwhet her the in ter na ti o nal jud ges that wo uld sit on a Rwan dan pa nel co uld be fun ded fromvo lun tary con tri bu ti ons. Am bas sa dor Rapp ex pla i ned the pro blem the Spe cial Co urt forSi er ra Le o ne (SCSL) has had with ra i sing ade qu a te fun ding to fi nish its work and theeven mo re dif fi cult ti me it will ha ve to fund its re si dual mec ha nism on ce awa re ness ofthe cri mes that oc cur red be gins to fa de. He said that the lon gest sen ten ce in the SCSL is52 years which me ans any SCSL re si dual mec ha nism wo uld po ten ti ally ha ve to exist un -til the year 2055. As a re sult, he said that as ses sed fun ding for such a mec ha nism wo ulden su re its vi a bi lity and stres sed that as ses sed fun ding to pay for an in ter na ti o nal jud ge forIC TR ca ses tried in Rwan da is non-ne go ti a ble. Ku zmin re plied that in the ca se of the In -ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal for the for mer Yugo sla via (ICTY), sen ten ces sho uld ha vebeen ser ved in the co un try of the pri so ner’s ori gin rat her than in cur ring such a bur den onthe Euro pean co un tri es that now ha ve them. The Am bas sa dor said that many of the sen -ten ces that are be ing ser ved in Euro pean co un tri es are co ming to an end and that the IC -TR’s ca ses are not com pa ra ble.

267

5. (SBU) Am bas sa dor Rapp told Ku zmin that IC TR Pre si dent Byron is ent hu si a sticabo ut the idea. Ku zmin re spon ded that the ma jo rity of the IC TR’s jud ges are “com for ta -ble” with the ir cur rent sta tus and im plied that they are not mo ti va ted to fi nish the IC TR’swork qu ickly as only one sub stan tial jud gment was ren de red in the past year. Ku zmin al -so said that Austria’s pro po sed RM for the ICTY/IC TR has a hu ge num ber of fun cti onsand is far-fetched in its cur rent form. Am bas sa dor Rapp ac know led ged that the RM ne -eds to be small and ef fi ci ent but ex pla i ned it still must be able to deal with the rights ofthe ac cu sed. In clo sing, Ku zmin ra i sed the is sue of the per cep tion of the lack of ob jec ti -vity re sul ting from whi te, in ter na ti o nal jud ges sit ting on a Rwan dan ju di cial pa nel he a -ring ca ses of Afri can cri mi nals. The Am bas sa dor said that the in ter na ti o nal jud ges co uldal so co me from Afri ca and said that in any ca se Ki ga li is sa tis fied with the ap pro ach thathas been pro po sed.

6. (SBU) Fran ce and the UK: Af ter Am bas sa dor Rapp pre sen ted the Rwan dan pro -po sal to the UK Mis sion the UN’s Le gal Advi ser Cat he ri ne Adams and the French Mis -sion to the UN Le gal Advi ser, She raz Ga sri, Adams re cal led that in the IC TR ca ses thatde nied re fer rals, so li tary con fi ne ment (now fi xed thro ugh le gi sla tion) and wit ness pro tec -tion we re the is su es, not the in de pen den ce of the Rwan dan ju di cial system, and askedwhet her if we go down this ro u te, we are sa tis fied that the wit ness pro tec tion is su es aresol ved? Am bas sa dor Rapp re spon ded that even tho ugh the Ap pel la te Cham ber had over -ru led a trial cham ber that fo und pro blems with in de pen den ce, he tho ught the pro blemwas still the re, even if not sta ted in the fo ur cor ners of the de ci si ons. With re spect to wit -ness pro tec tion he no ted that, as it is, IC TR re li es on the GOR. The only wit ness pro tec -tion IC TR of fers is thro ugh the use of pse u donyms and anonymity. If a wit ness is ha ras -sed, IC TR in structs him/her to con tact the lo cal po licy chi ef. He tho ught so me NGO’swo uld sup port the in de pen dent jud ge idea (alt ho ugh Hu man Rights Watch may not.)

7. (SBU) Adams no ted that the sta tu te/ru le chan ge sho uld oc cur be fo re the Pro se cu -tor mo ved for tran sfer. Am bas sa dor Rapp said that the Pro se cu tor was wil ling to de fer ifneed be. The most li kely ve hic le for a chan ge wo uld be the SC re so lu tion in Ju ne to ex -tend the terms of the ICTY/IC TR jud ges. It co uld be do ne in the RM re so lu tion, but itap pe ars that re so lu tion will ta ke lon ger, as de fi ning the RM will need to ta ke ac co unt ofpro gress on IC TR tran sfers and Mla dic and anyway the re won’t be a need to ha ve an RMup and run ning be fo re 2012.

8. (SBU) Adams said she was trying to con ce i ve of what the IC TR/RM Sta tu tes wo -uld need to say. If the GOR do esn’t need to le gi sla te, the re wo uld need to be an un der ta -king by the GOR that they wo uld in clu de an in ter na ti o nal jud ge on the pa nel when a fu -gi ti ve was tried in the fu tu re. Am bas sa dor Rapp re spon ded that the jud ges co uld tran sferthe ca se con di ti o nal on the GOR ap po in ting a jud ge from the IC TR (or RM). No mat terwhat, the RM is go ing to need the ca pa city to do a trial in Arus ha if ne ces sary. He ad dedthat the re we re is su es ra i sed by tran sfer ring a ca se in the ab sen ce of a fu gi ti ve. Pre su -mably the jud ges wo uld ap po int an at tor ney to re pre sent the fu gi ti ve as has been do ne inpre vi o us ca ses. The re wo uld then be an is sue of ap peal. Be ca u se the de fen dant wo uld notbe pre sent, his ti me to ap peal wo uld not run un til he re ce i ved ac tual no ti ce, alt ho ugh per -haps the pro se cu tion co uld ar gue that the ap peal co uld al so be do ne in ab sen tia. If it wasde ci ded that the ap peal co uld not be ta ken un til af ter the de fen dant was de ta i ned, then IC -TR wo uld ha ve to stand up an ap pe als cham ber again. This was not an ideal si tu a tion, butwas the re a lity. 268

9. (SBU) Ga sri asked whet her the in ter na ti o nal jud ge/IC TR/RM wo uld re tain anycom pe ten ce over in ve sti ga ti ons in a tran sfer red ca se. Am bas sa dor Rapp an swe red that,whi le it is pos si ble that the RM Pro se cu tor co uld be gi ven aut ho rity to as sist in in ve sti ga -ti ons, the the ory was that the na ti o nal ju ris dic tion wo uld han dle the ne ces sary steps af tertran sfer. Ga sri said that Fran ce was “ob ses sed” with the po ten tial costs of the RM, and ifwe en ded up with in ter na ti o nal jud ges plus a big RM to in ve sti ga te, we co uld be lo o kingat a lot of mo ney. Am bas sa dor Rapp said that the USG wan ted the RM to be tiny, butable to deal with re vi ew pe ti ti ons, wit ness pro tec tion, etc. When ICTY ca ses ha ve beentran sfer red, he no ted, the ICTY Pro se cu tor has no furt her obli ga tion to do anything. TheRus si ans, he said, had ex pres sed the con cern that the RM not outli ve its use ful ness.

10. (SBU) Ga sri then asked what wo uld hap pen if a fu gi ti ve we re ar re sted now. Am -bas sa dor Rapp said that, as for the three high le vel IC TR fu gi ti ves (Ka bu ga, Bi zi ma naand Mpi ranya), if they are ap pre hen ded in the next year or two, they sho uld be tried byIC TR. As for the ot her eight, a da te sho uld be esta blis hed and anyone who is de ta i ned af -ter that da te sho uld be tran sfer red to the Rwan dan co urts. Adams said that Bram mertz hadse e med qu i te op ti mi stic abo ut ar re sting Mla dic. Am bas sa dor Rapp said that “everyonere a li zes this is the year that we ha ve to get Mla dic,” and ex pla i ned that the USG was veryac ti ve on this front, thro ugh of fe ring re wards, etc.

11. (SBU) Adams ad ded that the thin king se e med to be that if Mla dic we re ar re sted,Had zic wo uld be re fer red. Am bas sa dor Rapp ex pla i ned that the si tu a tion was com pli ca -ted be ca u se Had zic is a Vu ko var ca se. In a pre vi o us Vu ko var ca se, then-ICTY-pro se cu -tor Del Pon te de ci ded that be ca u se of the “vic tor’s ju sti ce” per cep tion, the ca se sho uld betried in the Ha gue rat her than Cro a tia. On the ot her hand, Za greb had to da te re ce i vedonly one tran sfer red ca se from the ICTY and the Cro a tian pro se cu tor had de mon stra tedin te grity. Per haps a si mi lar so lu tion to what we are pro po sing for the IC TR fu gi ti ves co -uld be wor ked out, with an in ter na ti o nal jud ge be ing de ployed in Cro a tia. He tho ught thatin the end, if the re was only one re ma i ning ICTY fu gi ti ve, the de ci sion wo uld be to tran -sfer the ca se and not ke ep ICTY open for one fu gi ti ve.

12. (SBU) AUSTRIA: In his di scus sion with Austrian Mis sion to the UN Le galAdvi ser Kon rad Bu hler on the pro po sal, Am bas sa dor Rapp po in ted out that the Se cu rityCo un cil wo uld ha ve to adopt a re so lu tion amen ding the IC TR’s sta tu te in or der for an in -ter na ti o nal jud ge to be in clu ded in a Rwan da pa nel of jud ges that wo uld he ar IC TR ca -ses. The Am bas sa dor sug ge sted that the In for mal Wor king Gro up on In ter na ti o nal Tri bu -nals (IW GIT) might in clu de this lan gu a ge in the re so lu tion it wo uld adopt in Ju ne on theex ten si on of jud ges or in the RM re so lu tion. He al so said that if Jal low mo ved this springto tran sfer ca ses and fa i led, the next ti me he wo uld be able to re qu est tran sfer again wo -uld be in 2011. Ex pla i ning that he had di scus sed this with Jal low, Am bas sa dor Rapp saidthat Jal low is wil ling to hold off on re qu e sting tran sfers un til the IW GIT de als with thepro po sal. Bu hler re spon ded that Austria is very open to any fle xi ble and cre a ti ve ide asand that the RM sho uld be re li e ved as much as pos si ble from the bur den of de a ling withlo wer le vel ca ses that can be tran sfer red. He said that Austria wo uld lo ok at the le gal fra -me work of the pro po sal and wo uld be con cer ned with is su es such as “due pro cess” and“fa ir trial”.

13. (SBU) Bu hler outli ned se ve ral aspects of the pro po sal that wo uld need mo recon si de ra tion. He qu e sti o ned whet her, in a pa nel of three jud ges (two Rwan dan and onein ter na ti o nal), the Rwan dan co urt co uld ac tu ally be in de pen dent as the two Rwan dan jud -

269

ges wo uld be in the ma jo rity. He ex pres sed do ubt that any Se cu rity Co un cil mem ber’sChi ef Ju sti ce has the aut ho rity to ap po int in ter na ti o nal jud ges to pre si de on a pa nel of jud -ges in one of the ir na ti o nal co urts. He ad ded that such a thing wo uld be unt hin ka ble inAustria and a pro cess as se ri o us as this sho uld not be “so easy”. Bu hler said he wo uld ha -ve to lo ok at the ove rall pro po sal and wo uld be happy to di scuss it in the IW GIT. He sug -ge sted that the UN’s le gal of fi ce (OLA) draft a short pa per in re ac tion to the pro po sal thatwo uld in clu de draft ele ments for a Se cu rity Co un cil re so lu tion. Am bas sa dor Rapp re -spon ded that the UN’s De puty Le gal Co un se lor, Pe ter Tak soe-Jen sen, was in tri gued bythe pro po sal. Bu hler qu e ri ed whet her even tho ugh Rwan da sup ports the tran sfer of all re -ma i ning “fu gi ti ve” ca ses, the in ter na ti o nal com mu nity wants all ca ses to go to Rwan da.The Am bas sa dor said that re wards ha ve been of fe red for the three high le vel IC TR fu gi -ti ves. And un li ke the Mla dic ca se in the ICTY, the re is a pos si bi lity that all three of the seca ses co uld be tried in Ki ga li. Alt ho ugh Bu hler said he is skep ti cal the IW GIT wo uld sup -port the tran sfer of the se three ca ses to Rwan da, he said such tran sfers wo uld be ideal inthat they wo uld eli mi na te the need for the RM to con duct tri als.

14. (SBU) Bu hler al so qu e sti o ned whet her the re wo uld be a pro blem with pla cingin ter na ti o nal jud ges on Rwan dan ju di cial pa nels in cri mi nal ca ses. Bu hler said that Rus -sia was con cer ned abo ut the mo ni to ring of tran sfer red ca ses but if an in ter na ti o nal jud geis as sig ned, the re wo uld be bu ilt-in mo ni to ring. Bu hler al so ra i sed the pos si bi lity that on -ce a ca se is tran sfer red and an in ter na ti o nal jud ge as sig ned, Rwan da might say it do esn’tli ke the jud ge. How Bu hler asked, wo uld the is sue be re sol ved? Co uld the re be a wit hdra -wal of the re fer ral (de fer ral)? He qu e sti o ned whet her the RM or the Se cu rity Co un cil wo -uld ma ke such a de ci sion. Am bas sa dor Rapp re spon ded that Rwan dan law al lo wed non-Rwan dan jud ges to sit in Rwan da’s co urts and that a re fer ral co uld be ma de con di ti o nalon ac cep tan ce of the jud ge de sig na ted by the IC TR or RM. He said the pre sent ru les al -lo wed for a de fer ral of a ca se back to the IC TR but the pro vi sion might be re vi sed if thein ter na ti o nal jud ge idea we re ap pro ved.

15. (U) CHI NA: Am bas sa dor Rapp al so met with Chi ne se Mis sion to the UN Le -gal Advi ser Xi a o mei Guo to di scuss the is sue of tran sfer ring the re ma i ning IC TR “fu gi -ti ve” ca ses to Rwan da and en han cing the abi lity to do so by in clu ding an in ter na ti o naljud ge on Rwan da’s na ti o nal ju di cial pa nel that wo uld he ar such ca ses at both the trial andap pe als le vel. Xi a o mei’s re spon se was so mew hat po si ti ve in that she wel co med any ideathat wo uld al low the IC TR to fi nish its work ear li er. She said she had to re port the pro -po sal to Be i jing be fo re she co uld ha ve an of fi cial re ac tion and al so said that she tho ughtit sho uld be di scus sed in the IW GIT.

In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Co urt (ICC)16. (SBU) Fran ce and the UK: Am bas sa dor Rapp men ti o ned the up co ming gat he -

ring at Glen Co ve and in di ca ted that Le gal Advi ser Koh ho ped it might be pos si ble to re -ach a con sen sus so lu tion the re.

17. (SBU) Am bas sa dor Rapp said that the ar gu ment that works best with NGOs isthe “just don’t go the re” ar gu ment-that ta king on the cri me of ag gres sion wo uld po li ti ci -ze the co urt and un der mi ne its co re work of pu nis hing ge no ci de, war cri mes and cri mesaga inst hu ma nity. He ex pects that so me NGOs will wri te edi to ri als and ta ke po si ti ons ar -gu ing aga inst in clu ding ag gres sion in the ICC’s ju ris dic tion. 270

18. (SBU) Am bas sa dor Rapp ex pla i ned that the U.S. po si tion was that the re mustbe a Se cu rity Co un cil de ter mi na tion of ag gres sion (a SC trig ger). The qu e sti on the USGhasn’t an swe red, he said, is whet her if we co uld get the SC trig ger, we wo uld ac cept thede fi ni tion of ag gres sion. He no ted that the USG still has pro blems with the de fi ni tion,e.g., the term “ma ni fest” vi o la tion, which simply me ans a cle ar vi o la tion, not an egre gi -o us one.

19. (SBU) Am bas sa dor Rapp asked what the UK and French le gal advi sers had he -ard from the ir ca pi tols. Adams, stres sing that this is sue was han dled out of Lon don, saidthat ba sed on her con tacts with Da niel Bet hle hem and Chris Who mer sley, she un der stoodthat the UK was fo cu sing on the SC trig ger rat her than the de fi ni tion, “which se ems tobe agreed to a lar ge ex tent.” One ar gu ment the UK is lo o king at, she said, is that it wo -uld be ul tra vi res (in con si stent with the Char ter) for the ICC to pro se cu te ag gres sion ab -sent a SC de ter mi na tion of ag gres sion. Ga sri said that the French po si tion is that the SCmust ma ke the de ter mi na tion of ag gres sion, but the de fi ni tion of ag gres sion is OK.

20. (SBU) Am bas sa dor Rapp no ted that we we re con cer ned that the ag gres sion de -fi ni tion be ing wor ked on, espe ci ally wit ho ut a SC trig ger, wo uld ma ke it har der to bu ildco a li ti ons in the fu tu re. He ad ded that, as su ming the 121.5 alt pro po sal is adop ted, the cri -me of ag gres sion pro vi sion won’t apply to Par ti es that don’t ra tify or to non-Par ti es. Thiswill cre a te a patchwork, not a system of uni ver sal ju ris dic tion. Ga sri no ted that the Se cu -rity Co un cil co uld ma ke it uni ver sal. Am bas sa dor Rapp ca me back by saying that the Se -cu rity Co un cil co uld re fer ca ses to the ICC, as he thinks they wo uld ha ve been pre pa redto do in 1991 with the Iraq in va sion of Ku wa it. Again, he no ted that the ar gu ment that re -so na tes with NGOS (or at le ast so me of them) is that the co urt will be over run with ag -gres sion ca ses. He co uld ima gi ne, for exam ple, bor der in cur sion ca ses co ming from La -tin Ame ri ca. If the re we re a SC trig ger, only the most egre gi o us ca ses wo uld be tried, theones that shock the con sci en ce, such as what hap pe ned in 1991.

21. (SBU) Am bas sa dor Rapp ad ded that he wasn’t su re this was ac cu ra te, but he hadun der stood that Swe den at one po int had been tal king abo ut a pro po sal whe re co un tri eswo uld agree to an ICC ag gres sion trial af ter the in ci dent, al most li ke an ar bi tra tion. Heno ted that this again wo uld cre a te a patchwork, but that the USG might find it to be thele ast ob jec ti o na ble “at the end of the day.”

22. (SBU) Am bas sa dor Rapp asked whet her the As sembly of Sta tes Par ti es (ASP)me e ting in NY from Fe bru ary 22-25 of fe red po ten tial for de fi ning the de ba te on ag gres -sion. Adams re spon ded that she tho ught that pro gress co uld only be ma de out si de for malme e tings. Am bas sa dor Rapp no ted that most of the me e ting was go ing to be de vo ted tostoc kta king in any event, with only one short ses sion on ag gres sion. On the su bject ofstoc kta king, he no ted that if Kam pa la en ded with no agre e ment on ag gres sion, pe o plewo uld say it was a fa i lu re. One way to co un ter this wo uld be to ac hi e ve re sults on stoc -kta king. One pos si bi lity, which his of fi ce was ex plo ring, was to fo cus on com ple men ta -rity, but with an emp ha sis on the mo re po si ti ve aspects of ca pa city-bu il ding and as si stan -ce. He tho ught this wo uld be po pu lar with the Afri cans, among ot hers. Adams re spon dedthat it wo uld be good if the Re vi ew Con fe ren ce co uld do so met hing sub stan ti ve beyondthe Bel gian pro po sal. At the sa me ti me, the re we re risks. Com ple men ta rity wo uld evo keBas hir, etc. She no ted that the SG and the Mi ni sters are cur rently sla ted to co me at thebe gin ning of the me e ting, pro bably be ca u se they we re not ex pec ting big re sults at the end.Her per so nal vi ew was that the re sho uld be a Mi ni ste rial Dec la ra tion wor ked out in

271

advan ce that wo uld be qu i te ge ne ral and that everyone co uld agree to. Pos sibly the re co -uld be mo re spe ci fic re sults on stoc kta king as well.

23. (SBU) Am bas sa dor Rapp wrap ped up the di scus sion by saying that va ri o us so -ur ces, in clu ding NGOs, had told him that so long as the P-5 stick to get her, the re wo uldbe no out co me on ag gres sion. He ma de cle ar that if the RC en ded up with a pre-trialcham ber de ci ding whet her ag gres sion had oc cur red, the USG’s abi lity to con tri bu te toand co o pe ra te with the ICC in the fu tu re wo uld be se ri o usly and adver sely af fec ted. Heno ted that the USG was cur rently do ing a re vi ew of the ways in which we co uld cur rentlyas sist the ICC, with de ci si ons to be ta ken soon.

24. (SBU) CHI NA: Am bas sa dor Rapp said that the USG is trying to be tac tful in itsap pro ach and ex pla i ned that when he and Ha rold Koh at ten ded the ICC me e ting in TheHa gue in No vem ber they re ce i ved a warm wel co me but cle arly sta ted that in clu ding the“cri me of ag gres sion” in the ICC’s sta tu te is not a good thing and that the re ne eds to bea SC trig ger. He ad ded that the USG is thin king abo ut ways we might be able to as sistthe ICC “in kind” in spe cial ca ses. For exam ple, Rapp said the USG co uld help the ICCwith pro vi ding in for ma tion or by as si sting with in ve sti ga ti ons in cer tain ca ses. He al sosaid that the USG wants to ta ke part in the stoc kta king exer ci se as ICC ca ses are ta kingmuch too long and it ne eds to do mo re to im pro ve its ef fi ci ency. Rapp al so said that wewant to work with the ICC on the com ple men ta rity is sue.

25. (SBU) Re tur ning to the cri me of ag gres sion, Rapp said that Prin ce Zaid, Chri -stian We na ve ser, Bel gi um, Ger many and Gre e ce are the only real sup por ters of it. He ex -pla i ned that the USG wo uld pre fer to see this is sue di scus sed in Kam pa la and then de fer -red. If that’s not pos si ble, then he said we wo uld need a SC trig ger. Xi a mei agreed that aSC trig ger is cri ti cal and said that she tho ught the re wo uld be a P5 le gal advi sers me e tingon this is sue be fo re Kam pa la and ad ded that the P5 sho uld do so met hing be fo re the con -fe ren ce and at a mi ni mum, Fran ce and UK, as par ti es to the ICC, sho uld con vin ce ot hersthat it (cri me of ag gres sion) sho uld be bloc ked. Rapp asked how we’d block with only 2vo tes? He al so said that lots of sta tes wo uld agree with our po ints, but in the end won’tblock it. He said the re is a pos si bi lity so me mo re EU sta tes will join us and pos sibly Co -lom bia in So uth Ame ri ca but the rest of So uth Ame ri ca and Afri ca wo uld ha ve a ne ga ti -ve vi ew of the SC and hen ce wo uld not sup port in clu ding the cri me of ag gres sion with aSC “trig ger”. Am bas sa dor Rapp said that the re will be a me e ting in Glen Co ve 3-5 Marchto di scuss the is sue and that this me e ting wo uld be a good pla ce for in te re sted sta tes to re -ach a com pro mi se (be fo re the re vi ew con fe ren ce) – if we wan ted a com pro mi se – but wedon’t want a com pro mi se! Am bas sa dor Rapp said that UK De puty Le gal Advi ser Who -mer sley has al ready said that we’re go ing to lo se on this is sue and that he wo uld put outa sta te ment in di ca ting the de ci sion is “ul tra vi res” in that un der ar tic le 39 of the UN Char -ter only the SC can de ter mi ne what con sti tu tes a cri me of ag gres sion.

Spe cial Co urt for Si er ra Le o ne (SCSL) RM 26. (SBU) Fran ce and the UK: Am bas sa dor Rapp sum med up the is sue by saying

that fun dra i sing for the SCSL is so chal len ging now that it may run out of funds in themid dle of the Char les Taylor trial and we ha ve to ask how it will be pos si ble to ra i se$500,000 (or maybe $250,000) a year for the next 50 years. The most pro mi sing so lu tionse ems to be ha ving the SC esta blish the SCSL RM and fund it via as ses sed con tri bu ti ons.

27. (SBU) Ga sri sug ge sted that the USG sho uld ma ke a de mar che in Pa ris. Alt ho -272

ugh Pa ris had said that Fran ce did not sup port this ini ti a ti ve, she did not think the de ci -sion had been ma de at a very high le vel.

28. (SBU) Am bas sa dor Rapp no ted it was not cer tain when the Taylor jud gment willbe de li ve red, but it is be li e ved that the cur rent pre si ding jud ge will try to de li ver a jud -gment be fo re her term ex pi res in Ja nu ary 2011. In that ca se, the ap peal sho uld be do ne insix months, and the co urt sho uld clo se soon af ter that. He ob ser ved that the Ca na dian cha -ir of the Ma na ge ment Com mit tee kept ra i sing the idea of a UN sub ven tion. The USG andUK had said firmly when a sub ven tion was do ne (pa in fully) fo ur or fi ve years ago, thatthey wo uld ne ver sup port such an ini ti a ti ve again, but it might be an al ter na ti ve if worstca me to worst. Anot her pos si bi lity was an “en dow ment” thro ugh a trust fund.

29. (SBU) Adams ar gued that it ma de sen se to bring all of the ad hoc tri bu nals to -get her in the ir fi nal pha se. If this was to hap pen, we need to ma ke pro gress on theICTY/IC TR RM. In her vi ew, the re had been no pro gress in the last twel ve months. There a lity was that the re ne e ded to be a P-5 di scus sion. The UK has cle ar le gal re dli nes. Whi -le the Chi ne se ke ep re pe a ting that vir tu ally all of the ICTY/IC TR fun cti ons sho uld be sentto na ti o nal ju ris dic ti ons, they don’t re ally gi ve de ta ils abo ut how that co uld be do ne. TheRus si ans are key. They ha ve very po li ti cal is su es abo ut ICTY, but don’t se em to be bot -he red by IC TR. It was un for tu na te that Gen nady Ku zmin was le a ving in the sum mer, be -ca u se he un der stands the si tu a tion. One is sue Adams fo und par ti cu larly dif fi cult to dealwith was con tempt-sho uld we stand up a who le tri bu nal to deal with con tempt of co urt?Am bas sa dor Rapp tho ught the con tempt is sue co uld be con ta i ned over ti me. He be li e vedthe ru les per mit ted use of a sin gle jud ge and a sim pli fied pro ce du re. Al so, if a wit ness we -re as sa ul ted or mur de red, the lo cal co urts sho uld be able to deal with that.

30. (SBU) Adams opi ned that it was key to agree on the sta tu te for the ICTY/IC TRRM. She bri efly ra i sed the Le ba non tri bu nal, for which she he ads the Ma na ge ment Com -mit tee. She said she un der stood that Pa tri cia O’Brien had a “li vely” con ver sa tion with thePro se cu tor in the Ha gue last we ek in es sen ce pres sing for con cre te re sults. She felt the rewas a sen se of “im pen ding do om,” that the do nors will lo se in te rest, if not hing hap pe nedby the end of the year. Am bas sa dor Rapp re spon ded that he had spo ken with the Pro se -cu tor who se e med very op ti mi stic abo ut ha ving so met hing to show by the end of the year,and men ti o ned that the USG was do ing its best to help.

Ri ce

LXXXVIRe fe ren ce id: 10BEL GRA DE244Su bject: Ser bia: Sce ne set ter For The Fe bru ary 18-21 Vi sit Of Co del Po me royOri gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 12 Feb 2010 11:11 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Un clas si fied//For Of fi cial Use OnlySo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2010/02/10BEL GRA DE244.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Fri, 26 Aug 2011 02:34 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on


273

VZCZCXRO2300 RR RU E HAG RU E HAST RU EH DA RU EHD BU RU EHFLRU EHKW RU E HLA RU EHLN RU EHLZ RU EHNP RU EH POD RU E HROV RU -EHSK RU EHSL RU EH SR RU EHVK RU EHYG DE RU EHBW #0244/01 0431112ZNR UUUUU ZZH R 121111Z FEB 10 FM AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DE TO RU -EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC 0788 IN FO EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL LEC TI VERHE HA AA/NA TI O NAL SE CU RITY CO UN CIL WAS HING TON DC RHMC-SUU/EUCOM PO LAD VA I HIN GEN GE RU EKJCS/SEC DEF WAS HING TON DC

Hi de he a der

Un clas SEN SI TI VE CO DEL SIP DIS H FOR LYNNEA SHA NE E.O. 12958: N/A Tags: PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], ECON [E co no mic Con di ti ons], MA -

RR [Mi li tary and De fen se Ar ran ge ments], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], OREP[U.S. Con gres si o nal Tra vel], SR [Ser bi a]

Sum mary 1. (SBU) Your vi sit to Ser bia co mes at a ti me when Ser bia‘s pro-Euro pean go vern -

ment is sta ble and re cently ac hi e ved key mi le sto nes in its path to EU mem ber ship. To ke -ep ma king pro gress, ho we ver, Ser bia must stop al lo wing the Ko so vo is sue to un der mi neits bro a der fo re ign po licy ap pro ach and shift its fo cus to the eco no mic and po li ti cal re -forms ne ces sary for mem ber ship in the EU. Re forms to da te ha ve been une ven, with sig -ni fi cant pro gress in the de fen se sec tor and many chal len ges ahead in the eco no mic sphe -re, par ti cu larly as the eco no mic cri sis thre a tens to lead to su sta i ned la bor and so cial un -rest. End Sum mary.

Do me stic Po li tics 2. (SBU) Ser bia’s de moc ra tic, pro-Euro pean go vern ment has re ma i ned in tact sin ce

its in stal la tion in July 2008 de spi te its ra zor thin par li a men tary ma jo rity. Pre si dent Bo risTa dic’s De moc ra tic Party (DS) is the main party in the ru ling co a li tion, and al so con trolsSer bia’s lar gest city go vern ments. Ta dic’s ul tra na ti o na list ri val, the Ser bian Ra di cal Party(SRS), splin te red in autumn 2008 when top SRS of fi ci als split to form the Ser bian Pro -gres si ve Party (SNS). Cla i ming a pro-Euro pean ori en ta tion whi le cul ti va ting its na ti o na -list elec to ral ba se, the SNS is now Ser bia’s lar gest op po si tion party; polls ro ughly even(at aro und 30%) with Ta dic’s DS. Ho we ver, de spi te re cent lo cal elec to ral vic to ri es and ana ti on wi de pe ti tion ef fort, the op po si tion is una ble to pro vo ke early elec ti ons. The mainthre at to the go ver ning co a li tion’s sta bi lity con ti nu es to be po li ti cal in fig hting among thego ver ning par ti es.

On go ing Po li ti cal Re form3. (SBU) EU ac ces sion benchmarks for Ser bia re qu i re ad di ti o nal im pro ve ments in

ju di cial in de pen den ce and ef fi ci ency, im pro ved ru le of law, and su sta i ned eco no micgrowth, as well as re du cing op por tu ni ti es for cor rupt prac ti ces. Whi le the cur rent go vern -ment has ma de sig ni fi cant pro gress on re form com pa red to pre ce ding go vern ments, it re -li es upon a cum ber so me mul ti party co a li tion, which at ti mes le ads to po or go vern men talco or di na tion and frag men ted re form ef forts. Ser bia must ap pro ach re form com pre hen si -274

vely – re du cing cor rup tion, strengthe ning the ru le of law and em bra cing good go ver nan -ce and a mo re ac ti ve ro le for or di nary ci ti zens in pu blic de ci sion-ma king.

Euro-Atlan tic In te gra tion 4. (SBU) Top Ser bian of fi ci als ha ve re pe a tedly emp ha si zed that Ser bia’s top fo re ign

po licy ob jec ti ve is to gain EU mem ber ship. Over the past se ve ral months Ser bia has ac -hi e ved sig ni fi cant mi le sto nes in clu ding ga i ning vi sa li be ra li za tion with Schen gen co un -tri es on De cem ber 19, for mally sub mit ting an ap pli ca tion for EU mem ber ship of De cem -ber 22, and “un fre e zing” and im ple men ting the In ter im Tra de Agre e ment with the EU onFe bru ary 1. (EU ra ti fi ca tion of Ser bia’s Sta bi li za tion and As so ci a tion Agre e ment re ma -ins con di ti o ned on Ser bia’s full co o pe ra tion with the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nal Tri bu nal forthe For mer Yugo sla via (ICTY); most no tably, Ser bia must cap tu re and ex tra di te ICTYin dic te es Rat ko Mla dic and Go ran Had zic.) Over the past year, ho we ver, Ser bia’s pro-Euro pean fo re ign po licy fo cus has been blur red by Bel gra de’s ef forts to cul ti va te clo serre la ti ons with the Non-Alig ned Mo ve ment (NAM), Chi na, and Rus sia. The NAM hasbeen a par ti cu lar fo cus as part of Ser bia’s ef forts to slow down Ko so vo re cog ni ti ons, andChi na and Rus sia as ap pre ci a tion for the ir sup port on the UN Se cu rity Co un cil in re gardto Ko so vo.

5. (SBU) Whi le Ser bia co o pe ra tes with NA TO via the Part ner ship for Pe a ce Pro -gram, it do es not in tend to pur sue NA TO mem ber ship in the fo re se e a ble fu tu re. This ismostly due to la sting pu blic an ger over the 1999 NA TO bom bing cam pa ign which for -ced then-Pre si dent Slo bo dan Mi lo se vic to halt his et hnic cle an sing cam pa ign in Ko so vo.It al so re flects both Ser bia’s in te rest in wal king a fi ne li ne bet we en Rus sia and the West.Pu blic de ba te on NA TO has in cre a sed in re cent months as na ti o na list fi gu res at tempt touse the is sue to gain po li ti cal trac tion and so me in the go ver ning co a li tion ma ke in cre a -singly for ward-le a ning sta te ments in fa vor of the Al li an ce. Rus sia re cently has be gun tora i se the rhe to ric’s tem pe ra tu re with an ti-NA TO op-eds from the lo cal Rus sian Am bas -sa dor, and com ments from the Rus sian Am bas sa dor to NA TO that Ser bia wo uld ha ve to“cho o se bet we en NA TO and Ko so vo.”

Ko so vo and Re gi o nal Re la ti ons 6. (SBU) De spi te the re cog ni tion of Ko so vo’s in de pen den ce by 65 co un tri es and

its mem ber ship in in ter na ti o nal or ga ni za ti ons such as the IMF, World Bank and MissUni ver se, Bel gra de con ti nu es to cla im that Ko so vo is part of Ser bia. Sin ce Ko so vo’s in -de pen den ce in Fe bru ary 2008, Ser bia has la un ched a di plo ma tic of fen si ve in the UN andaro und the glo be to pre vent ad di ti o nal sta tes from re cog ni zing Ko so vo. Du ring his May2009 trip to Bel gra de, Vi ce Pre si dent Bi den cle arly sta ted that the Uni ted Sta tes and Ser -bia ha ve “agreed to di sa gree” over Ko so vo’s sta tus. This spring the In ter na ti o nal Co urtof Ju sti ce is ex pec ted to is sue an advi sory opi nion to the UN Ge ne ral As sembly on thele ga lity of Ko so vo’s uni la te ral dec la ra tion of in de pen den ce, as Ser bia re qu e sted. Re gar -dless of the opi nion, Bel gra de li kely plans to for ce a re o pe ning of sta tus talks on Ko so -vo. Whi le we do not ex pect Ser bia to re cog ni ze Ko so vo, we con ti nue to en co u ra ge theGo vern ment to find a mo dus vi ven di with its ne ig hbor so it can ad dress the ne ces saryqu a lity of li fe is su es for Serbs in Ko so vo as well as se ri o us trans-bor der is su es such asdrug traf fic king and traf fic king in per sons. Fa i lu re to do so will com pli ca te Ser bia’s pathto the EU.

275

7. (SBU) Ser bia has de fi ned re gi o nal co o pe ra tion as one of its top fo re ign po licy pri -o ri ti es and has cla i med to se ek to re pa ir re la ti ons with its ne ig hbors with mi xed re sults.Whi le im pro ving re la ti ons with Hun gary and Slo ve nia, Ser bia has yet to co me to termswith Ma ce do nia and Mon te ne gro, par ti cu larly af ter the two co un tri es re cog ni zed Ko so -vo in Oc to ber 2008. Ser bia has ge ne rally played a con struc ti ve ro le in the But mir pro cessin Bo snia-Her ze go vi na. We ex pect Bel gra de to ta ke advan ta ge of the op por tu nity to im -pro ve tro u bled po li ti cal re la ti ons with Cro a tia af ter in co ming Cro a tian pre si dent Ivo Jo -si po vic as su mes of fi ce in mid-Fe bru ary.

Se cu rity Is su es 8. (SBU) De fen se re form is a pri o rity of the Ser bian go vern ment, and an area whe -

re sig ni fi cant pro gress has been ma de. The Ser bian Ar med For ces ha ve been right-si zedto abo ut 28,000 tro ops, with furt her cuts on hold for the ti me be ing, pen ding re e va lu a tionof the se cu rity en vi ron ment. Mi ni ster of De fen se Dra gan Su ta no vac (DS) has over seensig ni fi cant sol di er pay in cre a ses, tra i ning im pro ve ments, and le gi sla tion to co dify de fen -se re form, as well as im pro ve ments in stra te gic plan ning and pro cu re ment. The Mi ni stryhas al so ma de pro gress on dis po sing of so me ex cess ma te riel such as MAN PADS, whichwe are fun ding. Furt her re forms, in clu ding a re duc tion in ci vi lian staff, are ne e ded. Ser -bia is an ac ti ve par ti ci pant in the Na ti o nal Gu ard’s Sta te Part ner ship Pro gram with Ohio,which has been pu blicly well re ce i ved and to u ted as an exam ple of suc cessful bi la te ralco o pe ra tion.

Eco no mic Is su es 9. (SBU) Ser bia’s eco nomy is still sha ped by the wars, san cti ons and eco no mic ne -

glect of the 1990’s. The co un try is trying to ma ke up for lost ti me, but the eco no mic li be -ra li za tion pro cess has been drawn out, with li mi ted tan gi ble be ne fits for ave ra ge Ser bi -ans. Ave ra ge Serbs per ce i ve the pri va ti za tion pro cess as a di sa ster, se e ing the ir on ce pre -sti gi o us firms sold for fi re sa le pri ces to shady in ve stors, who la ter dec la red ban kruptcyand fled. When the glo bal fi nan cial cri sis hit, Ser bia was qu ick to re ach out to the IMFand in May 2009 sig ned a $4 bil lion Stand-By Ar ran ge ment. Sin ce then, the Ser bian di -nar has been re la ti vely sta ble; ho we ver, in re cent we eks, the di nar has co me un der pres -su re. The IMF agre e ment con stra ins the Ser bian go vern ment bud get de fi cit to 4.5% for2009 re sul ting in a fre e ze on pen si ons and pu blic sec tor wa ges. With li mi ted new fo re ignand do me stic in vest ment over the last two years the eco nomy is strug gling to cre a te jobsand la bor pres su re is bu il ding. Stri kes and acts of ci vil di so be di en ce ha ve in cre a sed asmo re com pa ni es fall be hind on payments and fa ce ban kruptcy. Be ca u se uni ons do notha ve strong cen tral le a der ship, lo cal pres su res ha ve not be co me na ti o nal.

Bi la te ral Is su es10. (SBU) Vi ce Pre si dent Bi den’s May 2009 vi sit to Bel gra de ad ded a new im pe tus

to our bi la te ral re la ti on ship, which had been stra i ned fol lo wing Ko so vo’s dec la ra tion ofin de pen den ce in Fe bru ary 2008. Our di plo ma tic re la ti ons are now slowly re tur ning to apro duc ti ve le vel and we are wor king to re in for ce the Vi ce Pre si dent’s mes sa ge that wecan agree to di sa gree on Ko so vo’s sta tus whi le bu il ding on ot her are as of our bi la te ral re -la ti on ship. Our main pri o ri ti es in clu de as si sting Ser bia on its path to Euro pe, bu il ding onour po si ti ve mil-mil re la ti on ship, and ex pan ding eco no mic and bu si ness ti es. In the co -276

ming months we will al so be se e king to up da te a wo e fully out da ted ex tra di ti on tre atywith Ser bia.

Your Re turn to Kra lje vo 11. (SBU) In con trast to its mo re pro spe ro us ti mes in the 1970s, the city of Kra lje -

vo to day is firmly en scon ced in Ser bia’s rust belt and suf fers from su sta i ned high unem -ployment ex ce e ding 25%. Kra lje vo’s on ce vi go ro us in du stri es that su sta i ned the lo cal po -pu la tion we re sold to un re li a ble in ve stors that led to the unem ployment of tho u sands oflo cal blue-col lar wor kers. On ce a thri ving mi li tary lo ca le, the draw down of the lo cal mi -li tary pre sen ce al so has di mi nis hed em ployment op por tu ni ti es. Lo cal po li tics is in fu sedwith re sent ment stem ming from the lack of eco no mic op por tu ni ti es and ag gra va tion withthe in flux of dis pla ced per sons and re fu ge es from the 1990’s who ha ve set tled in Kra lje -vo. Of the mu ni ci pa lity’s esti ma ted po pu la tion of 100,000, abo ut 20,000 are dis pla cedper sons from Ko so vo and ro ughly 700 are re fu ge es from Cro a tia and Bo snia-Her ze go -vi na. Af ter 2000, Kra lje vo’s city go vern ment was lar gely run by a bloc of na ti o na list par -ti es; ho we ver, in March 2009, the So ci a list Party of Ser bia (SPS) – the party of Mi lo se -vic – jo i ned for ces with Ta dic’s co a li tion to gi ve the DS-bloc a one-vo te ma jo rity in thelo cal as sembly. Mayor Lju bi sa Si mo vic (DS) as su red us last autumn that his go vern mentis sta ble de spi te its nar row ma jo rity. Po ten tial Tur kish in vest ments in ro ads and Kra lje -vo’s air port may be the start of a re vi val of a re gi o nal ro le for the hi sto ric and proud city.

Com ment 12. (SBU) Now is an im por tant ti me for Ser bia to de ci de whet her it wis hes to spend

the year in a qu i xo tic qu est to re o pen Ko so vo sta tus or de vo te full at ten tion to win ningEU can di dacy sta tus. Our con si stent mes sa ge to our Ser bian in ter lo cu tors is the im por -tan ce of over co ming do me stic po li ti cal ri val ri es and gri e van ces with ne ig hbo ring co un -tri es in or der to de mon stra te the po li ti cal ma tu rity and re spon si bi lity ne ces sary for EUmem ber ship. Your re turn vi sit to Kra lje vo af ter so many years will send an im por tant per -so nal mes sa ge that we con ti nue to en ga ge with Ser bia on all le vels and that our fri endshipis a long-term in vest ment in Ser bia and its pe o ple. End Com ment.

War lick

LXXXVIIRe fe ren ce id: 10BEL GRA DE274Su bject: Ser bian De puty Pri me Mi ni ster Dje lic Talks Ko so vo To Com pe ti ti ve ness

In Am bas sa dor’s In tro duc tory CallOri gin: Em bassy Bel gra de (Ser bia) Ca ble ti me: Fri, 19 Feb 2010 17:52 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Un clas si fied//For Of fi cial Use OnlySo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2010/02/10BEL GRA DE274.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Fri, 26 Aug 2011 02:34 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on


277

VZCZCXRO8169 RR RU E HAG RU E HAST RU EH DA RU EHD BU RU EHFLRU E HIK RU EHKW RU E HLA RU EHLN RU EHLZ RU EHNP RU EH POD RU E -HROV RU EHSK RU EHSL RU EH SR RU EHVK RU EHYG DE RU EHBW #0274/010501753 ZNR UUUUU ZZH R 191752Z FEB 10 FM AMEM BASSY BEL GRA DETO RU EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC 0817 IN FO EURO PEAN PO LI TI CAL COL -LEC TI VE RHE BA AA/DEPT OF ENERGY WAS HING TON DC RUC PDOC/DEPTOF COM MER CE WAS HING TON DC

Hi de he a der

Un clas SEN SI TI VE SIP DIS E.O. 12958: N/A Tags: ECON [E co no mic Con di ti ons], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons], EINV

[Fo re ign In vest ments], TSPL [Sci en ce and Tec hno logy Po licy], SR [Ser bi a] Ref: BEL GRA DE 172

Sum mary 1. (SBU) De puty Pri me Mi ni ster and Mi ni ster of Sci en ce and Tec hno logy Dje lic

told the Am bas sa dor that Ser bia so ught a mo re “ba lan ced” so lu tion for Ko so vo, ot her wi -se Ser bia wo uld be iso la ted from the EU and wo uld not advan ce to ward Euro pe. Dje licthan ked the Uni ted Sta tes for sup por ting Ser bia’s pro gress to ward EU ac ces sion in la te2009 and outli ned an am bi ti o us goal of ac hi e ving EU can di da te sta tus in 2010. With re -gard to his S&T port fo lio, Dje lic said he ho ped to sign a bi la te ral S&T co o pe ra tion agre -e ment in the Uni ted Sta tes in April and wo uld be re in vi go ra ting Ser bia’s sci en ti fic re se -arch with a for thco ming go vern ment ap pro ved stra tegy and new fi nan cing. End Sum -mary.

Ko so vo Do mi na tes Ini tial Di scus sion2. (SBU) In his Fe bru ary 17 in tro duc tory me e ting with Am bas sa dor War lick, De -

puty Pri me Mi ni ster for EU In te gra tion and Mi ni ster of Sci en ce and Tec hno logy Bo zi darDje lic ope ned with a long di scus sion of Ko so vo. Dje lic said that he was not a po licy ma -ker on Ko so vo, but rat her a po licy ta ker and po licy in flu en cer on the is sue. Ho we ver, hehig hlig hted the im por tan ce of Ko so vo to Ser bia’s EU ac ces sion pro cess and said theCyprus exam ple me ant that EU mem bers wo uld not al low Ser bia to join the EU wit ho -ut re sol ving Ko so vo is su es. Dje lic said that no Ser bian po li ti cian wo uld re cog ni ze Ko so -vo in or der to open Ser bia’s EU path. Dje lic was he ar te ned by the fact that the re was nota sin gu lar Euro pean po si tion on Ko so vo and that even re cog ni zing co un tri es we re ask-ing the Ser bian go vern ment abo ut so lu ti ons for Ko so vo. He said that du ring Bel gian Pri -me Mi ni ster Le ter me’s vi sit to Bel gra de that day, Le ter me had asked Pre si dent Ta dic tode scri be Ser bia’s le gal outli ne for a sta tus so lu tion. Dje lic said a “mo re ba lan ced” so lu -tion was ne ces sary, and that the in ter na ti o nal com mu nity co uld do bet ter than a so lu tionthat was “pus hed down the thro at of Ser bia.” Dje lic ma de a po int of saying that he hadfa mily ti es to Ko so vo and that he spo ke pri va tely at in ter na ti o nal me e tings with Ko so voFi nan ce and Eco nomy Mi ni ster Ah met Sha la.

3. (SBU) Dje lic re pe a ted the newly de ployed co re Ser bian go vern ment tal king po -int that Bel gra de re cog ni zed that Ser bia co uld not go vern Ko so vo Al ba ni ans, but Pri sti -278

na must al so re cog ni ze that it co uld not go vern Ko so vo Serbs in the north. Dje lic al so re -pe a ted that Ser bia wo uld use only le gal and di plo ma tic me ans and be “pre dic ta ble” in itsac ti ons re gar ding Ko so vo. He said that the go vern ment wo uld not ma ni pu la te the si tu a -tion in Ko so vo and wo uld con ti nue to fight or ga ni zed cri me and re mo ve or iso la te ex tre -mists. He men ti o ned Bo snia as an exam ple of a ba lan ced com pro mi se, but wo uld not bedrawn out on this po int.

4. (SBU) The Am bas sa dor re spon ded firmly that the Uni ted Sta tes and se ve ral ofour Euro pean part ners had just ma de cle ar to the go vern ment in co or di na ted mes sa gesthat Ko so vo sta tus was set tled and that Ko so vo’s so ve re ignty and ter ri to rial in te grity we -re not up for di scus sion. She ad ded that we wan ted to he ar Ser bia’s pro po sals for im pro -ving the li ves of tho se in Ko so vo and ide as abo ut a way for ward fol lo wing the In ter na ti -o nal Co urt of Ju sti ce (ICJ) opi nion on Ko so vo’s in de pen den ce dec la ra tion. The Am bas -sa dor po in ted to Vi ce Pre si dent Bi den’s sta te ment in Bel gra de in May 2009 that we wo -uld agree to di sa gree on Ko so vo, but ne e ded to co o pe ra te on prac ti cal is su es and de e penour bi la te ral re la ti ons in ot her sphe res.

Goal for EU Path: Can di da te Sta tus in 2010 5. (SBU) Dje lic’s than ked the Am bas sa dor for U.S. sup port with Euro pean le a ders

to advan ce Ser bia’s EU ac ces sion pro cess at the end of 2009. Dje lic said the first re vi ewof the In ter im Tra de Agre e ment by the Euro pean Com mis sion wo uld be in Bel gra de onMarch

2. Dje lic outli ned Ser bia’s next steps with the EU fol lo wing the up co ming Ju ne re -port from ICTY pro se cu tor Bram mertz. Dje lic said that his re cent three ho ur me e tingwith new EU En lar ge ment Com mis si o ner Fu le had go ne well. He said that Al ba nia andMon te ne gro had gi ven Ser bia had co pi es of the ir EU ap pli ca tion qu e sti on na i res and Ser -bia wo uld use them to draft an swers in advan ce of re ce i ving the ir own qu e sti on na i re fromthe Com mis sion. Dje lic’s am bi ti o us sce na rio was to re ce i ve the qu e sti on na i re of fi ci allyin Ju ne and then re turn it with an swers “be fo re the sum mer,” with the goal of can di da testa tus by the end of 2010. Dje lic said that he had ta sked all Ser bian mi ni stri es to pre pa redraft an swers to the qu e sti on na i re by the end of April.

6. (SBU) Dje lic ac know led ged that Ser bia fa ced chal len ges with Ger many, Fran ceand the Net her lands to mo ve ahead with ra ti fi ca tion of Ser bia’s Sta bi li za tion and As so ci -a tion Agre e ment (SAA) in Ju ne. He ex pres sed con cern that so me vo i ces we re sug ge stingthat Ser bia’s EU path sho uld be con di ti o ned on Ser bian co o pe ra tion in Bo snia and Ko -so vo. Dje lic ar gued this wo uld be co un ter pro duc ti ve as it em po we red ra di cal ele ments inBo snia to halt Ser bia’s EU ac ces sion. Dje lic said that Ser bia’s go als we re to ac hi e ve can -di da te sta tus by the end of 2010 and open ne go ti a ti ons on mem ber ship in 2012, just be -fo re the go vern ment wo uld ha ve to call new par li a men tary elec ti ons.

Sci en ce and Tec hno logy7. (SBU) Spe a king abo ut his sci en ce and tec hno logy port fo lio, Dje lic said the Mi -

ni stry wo uld soon re spond to the bi la te ral S&T agre e ment lan gu a ge that the Em bassypas sed to the Mi ni stry in early Fe bru ary. His goal was to ha ve Ser bian go vern ment ap -pro val for the agre e ment so that he co uld sign it in the Uni ted Sta tes du ring his plan nedvi sit ahead of the spring World Bank/IMF me e tings April 25-26. Dje lic said the go vern -ment wo uld ap pro ve a sci en ce and tec hno logy stra tegy soon. In ad di tion, Dje lic plan ned

279

to sign an agre e ment on March 4 with the Euro pean In vest ment Bank for $275 mil lionin fi nan cing for sci en ce in fra struc tu re. He was al so in te re sted in sup por ting tec hno logystart up firms with a $135 mil lion re gi o nal tec hno logy fund that wo uld in clu de fun dingfrom the EU, co un tri es in the re gion, in ter na ti o nal fi nan cial in sti tu ti ons and ot hers. Dje -lic said he had spo ken with Ge or ge So ros and that So ros was wil ling to con tri bu te $13mil lion on ce the fund was la un ched. The Am bas sa dor no ted U.S. Ser bian co o pe ra tion atthe Vin ca nuc le ar re se arch fa ci lity as an exam ple of our po si ti ve co o pe ra tion. Dje lic re -spon ded that Ser bia ap pre ci a ted U.S. as si stan ce on nuc le ar is su es and that Ser bia wo uldbe a part ner on IAEA is su es this year, al lu ding to past is su es of sup port for Iran in re turnfor Ira nian sup port for Ser bia on Ko so vo.

Eco nomy Wo es 8. (SBU) Dje lic mo ved to a di scus sion of the eco no mic chal len ges the go vern ment

fa ced in re co ve ring from the fi nan cial cri sis. He said that Ser bia had cho sen to go to theIMF early, well ahead of its ne ig hbors, and had ma na ged to sta bi li ze the di nar, but thishad co me with a cost. The IMF had man da ted pen sion and wa ge fre e zes that had ero dedave ra ge Ser bian pur cha sing po wer by 30%. The go vern ment ne e ded to lift the se fre e zes,Dje lic said, in or der to ke ep from slip ping in the polls. Stri king a si mi lar the me as PMCvet ko vic in his in tro duc tory me e ting with the Am bas sa dor (ref tel), Dje lic said that Ser -bia’s ra tings from the in ter na ti o nal cre dit ra ting agen ci es we re too low and be ca u se ofSer bia’s hi story we re ra ted on par with much smal ler and less de ve lo ped eco no mi es. Dje -lic was op ti mi stic, ho we ver, as Ser bia’s ra ting with two agen ci es had shif ted from ne ga -ti ve to ne u tral even with the fi nan cial cri sis. Dje lic than ked the Uni ted Sta tes for as si stan -ce to Ser bia’s Com pe ti ti ve ness Co un cil, which he cha irs, and for the po si ti ve ro le of U.S.in ve stors li ke U.S. Steel, Ball Pac ka ging and Mic ro soft.

Re gi o nal Part ner ship Op por tu ni ti es9. (SBU) Dje lic outli ned three are as whe re Ser bia ho ped to bu ild re gi o nal co o pe ra -

tion. He said that Ser bia was lobbying to host the sec re ta ri at for the So uth East Euro peTran sport Ob ser va tory (SE E TO) in com pe ti tion with Ti ra na. Ac cor ding to Dje lic, Ser biawo uld li ke to be co me an ac ti ve par ti ci pant in a re gi o nal Da nu be stra tegy to bu ild on thetran sport and to u rism po ten tial of the ri ver. He al so said that the co un tri es in the re gionne e ded to re sol ve re fu gee and in ter nally dis pla ced per sons is su es. Spain, in its EU Pre si -dency ro le, was wor king on this is sue and Dje lic ho ped that a con fe ren ce on re fu ge es wo -uld hap pen in March.

Com ment 10. (SBU) Dje lic has ra rely di scus sed Ko so vo pu blicly in the past, le a ving the is sue

to ot hers. In re cent press ap pe a ran ces, Dje lic has be gun using lan gu a ge on Ko so vo thatco mes stra ight from Fo re ign Mi ni ster Je re mic’s playbo ok. Li ke ot hers in the Ser bian go -vern ment, the can did pri va te words from se ve ral EU mem bers that Ser bia will not be ableto join the EU wit ho ut a mo dus vi ven di with Ko so vo has got ten Dje lic’s at ten tion. Dje -lic spent a sig ni fi cant por tion of his ini tial me e ting with the Am bas sa dor fo cu sing on anis sue he ad mit ted was out si de of his port fo lio, but which he cle arly re cog ni zes thre a tensthe am bi ti o us EU agen da that is at the he art of the go vern ment’s plans for ma in ta i ningpu blic sup port and even tual re e lec tion. The key qu e sti on, of co ur se, is how the Ser bian280

go vern ment it self cho o ses to ma na ge its po licy to ward Ko so vo go ing for ward. End Com -ment.

War lick

LXXXVIIIRe fe ren ce id: 10USUN NEWYORK101Su bject: Un Ac know led ges Re ce ipt Of U.s. Con tri bu ti onsOri gin: USUN New York (Uni ted Na ti ons) Ca ble ti me: Wed, 24 Feb 2010 14:49 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Un clas si fiedSo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2010/02/10USUN NEWYORK101.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Fri, 26 Aug 2011 02:34 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on

Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTC (diff from ori gi nal)Me dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXYZ0004 PP RU EH WEB DE RUCNDT #0101 0551449 ZNR UUUUU

ZZH P 241449Z FEB 10 FM USMIS SION USUN NEW YORK TO SEC STA TEWASHDC PRI O RITY 8222

Hi de he a der

Un clas SIP DIS E.O. 12958: N/A Tags: AORC [In ter na ti o nal Or ga ni za ti ons and Con fe ren ces], AFIN [Fi nan cial Ma -

na ge ment], UN [U ni ted Na ti ons] Ref: A. 2009 SEC STA TE 126693 B. 2010 SEC STA TE 6073

Usun has fa xed to IO/EX/OB-Ali ce Green of fi cial re ce ipts from the Uni ted Na ti onscon fir ming re ce ipt of U.S. con tri bu ti ons as fol lows: ICTY $15,578,394 Mi nu stah$34,546,577 Un mil $38,014,296

Ri ce

LXXXIXRe fe ren ce id: 10SA RA JE VO182Su bject: Inl-fun ded Pro gram Up da te: Fo cus On Op dat Tec hni cal As si stan ceOri gin: Em bassy Sa ra je vo (Bo snia and Her ze go vi na) Ca ble ti me: Thu, 25 Feb 2010 08:22 UTCClas si fi ca tion: Un clas si fied//For Of fi cial Use OnlySo ur ce: http://wi ki le aks.org/ca ble/2010/02/10SA RA JE VO182.html Hi story: First pu blis hed on Fri, 26 Aug 2011 02:34 UTC (ori gi nal) Mo di fied on

Thu, 1 Sep 2011 23:24 UTC (diff from ori gi nal)Me dia: Com ments: 0 Com ments VZCZCXYZ0002 RR RU EH WEB DE RU EHVJ #0182/01 0560822 ZNR

UUUUU ZZH R 250822Z FEB 10 FM AMEM BASSY SA RA JE VO TO RU -281

EHC/SEC STA TE WASHDC 1453 IN FO RU E A I IA/CIA WAS HING TON DC RU E -AW JA/DEPT OF JU STI CE WASHDC RHEF DIA/DIA WAS HING TON DC RU -EKJCS/SEC DEF WASHDC

Hi de he a der

Un clas SEN SI TI VE SIP DIS DEPT FOR EUR/SCE, S/WCI (AN DER SON), EUR/ACE (KE E TON), INL

(CAR ROLL’sI MIC); DE PART MENT OF JU STI CE FOR KARL ALE XAN DRE E.O.12958: N/A

Tags: PGOV [In ter nal Go vern men tal Af fa irs], PREL [Ex ter nal Po li ti cal Re la ti ons],EAID [Fo re ign Eco no mic As si stan ce], EFIN [Fi nan cial and Mo ne tary Af fa irs], KAWC[A tro ci ti es and War Cri mes], KCRM [Cri mi nal Ac ti vity], KJUS [Ad mi ni stra tion of Ju -sti ce], BK [Bo snia and Her ze go vi na]

Ref: A. 09 SA RA JE VO 1430 B. 07 SA RA JE VO 1405 C. SA RA JE VO 21 D. 09SA RA JE VO 971

1. (U) Sum mary. The work be ing do ne by INL-fun ded Over se as Pro se cu to rial De -ve lop ment and As si stan ce Pro gram (OP DAT) re ma ins cru cial to our ru le of law agen dain Bo snia. In ad di tion to its tra i ning pro grams, OP DAT is pro vi ding tec hni cal as si stan ceto the Sta te Pro se cu tor’s Spe cial De part ment for Or ga ni zed Cri me (SDOC) aimed at be -e fing up Bo snia’s abi lity to in ve sti ga te and pro se cu te ter ro rism, or ga ni zed cri me, and cor -rup tion ca ses. This as si stan ce has co me in to even gre a ter de mand fol lo wing the De cem -ber 2009 de ci sion by High Re pre sen ta ti ve Va len tin In zko to ex tend the man da te of in ter -na ti o nal jud ges and pro se cu tors wor king on war cri mes ca ses but not on or ga ni zed cri -mes ca ses at the Sta te Pro se cu tor’s Of fi ce and the Sta te Co urt. OP DAT is al so pro mo tingdi scus si ons abo ut ne e ded ju di cial re forms in sup port of Bo snia’s aspi ra ti ons of in te gra -ting in to the EU. The fol lo wing is a re vi ew of key OP DAT tra i ning pro grams and ju sti -ce-sec tor ini ti a ti ves from Sep tem ber to De cem ber 2009. End Sum mary.

OP DAT Bo osts SDOC’s Fight Aga inst Ter ro rism2. (SBU) OP DAT is con ti nu ing to pro vi de tec hni cal know-how and men to ring to

pro se cu tors and le gal of fi cers wor king on ter ro rism and ter ro rism fi nan ce ca ses in the Sta -te Pro se cu tors Spe cial De part ment for Or ga ni zed Cri me (SDOC). In ter mit tent Le galAdvi sor (ILA) Scott Hul sey, who re pla ced ILA Rick Wil lis, ar ri ved in No vem ber for asix-month as sig nment. Hul sey’s ex per ti se is espe ci ally cru cial to SDOC gi ven Hig hRepVa len tin In zko’s de ci sion in De cem ber ex tend the man da te of in ter na ti o nal jud ges andpro se cu tors wor king on war cri mes ca ses but not on or ga ni zed cri me ca ses (Ref A). Whi -le In zko’s de ci sion pro vi des for in ter na ti o nal advi sors to work in SDOC gi ven the con ti -nu ing need for tec hni cal ex per ti se and tran sfer of tec hni cal know-how, it will ta ke so meti me for all of the (fo ur) advi sor slots re qu e sted by Ba ra sin to be fil led and for na ti o nalsto re pla ce fi ve po si ti ons va ca ted by in ter na ti o nals.

3. (SBU) ILA Hul sey, who se work has al ready been sin gled out for pra i se by Ba ra -sin, is advi sing on se ve ral ter ro rism ca ses of in te rest to the USG. The se ca ses in clu de thatof two de fen dants ac cu sed of bom bing a lo cal shop ping cen ter, which kil led one in di vi -dual and se ve rely in ju red se ve ral ot hers. ILA Hul sey is pro vi ding one-on-one men to ringto the pro se cu tor wor king on the ca se by ob ser ving the trial and advi sing on trial tec hni -282

qu es and stra tegy. He is al so pro vi ding gu i dan ce on a ter ro rism fi nan cing ca se in vol vinga Mid dle Eastern-ba sed cha rity that is an um brel la or ga ni za tion for se ve ral cha ri ti es ope -ra ting in Bo snia, pur por tedly to as sist war orp hans. Bo snian of fi ci als ha ve been wor kingon the ca se for over se ven years. To da te, the Sta te In ve sti ga ti ve and Pro tec ti ve Agency(SI PA) in ve sti ga tors ha ve fo und sig ni fi cant di scre pan ci es bet we en mo ni es the se or ga ni -za ti ons cla i med we re spent on cha ri ta ble pro grams and funds ac tu ally spent. ILA Hul seyis hel ping to co or di na te jo int me e tings of pro se cu tors and in ve sti ga tors wor king on theca se, col la te and analyze evi den ce col lec ted, and de ve lop in ve sti ga ti ve and pro se cu to rialstra te gi es.

4. (U) In ad di tion, ILA Hul sey is as si sting SDOC in re vi e wing 76 pos si ble ter ro rismca ses that we re re cently han ded over by the Ge ne ral Cri mes De part ment, and by pro mo -ting po li ce-pro se cu tor co o pe ra tion on spe ci fic, high-pro fi le ca ses. (No te: Ac ting on OP -DAT’s re com men da tion, Sta te Pro se cu tor Mi lo rad Ba ra sin had the Ge ne ral Cri mes Di -vi sion tran sfer all of its ter ro rism ca ses to SDOC, which was al ready pro ces sing ter ro rismfi nan ce ca ses. End No te)

Sta te Co urt Con firms High-Pro fi le Ter ro rism In dic tment 5. (SBU) As a re sult of OP DAT’s men to ring, the Sta te Co urt in mid De cem ber con -

fir med a 300-plus pa ge in dic tment fi led by the Sta te Pro se cu tor’s Of fi ce aga inst Ri jad Ru -stem pa sic and fo ur ot her su spec ted ter ro rists and we a pons traf fic kers. The de fen dants we -re ini ti ally ar re sted in March 2008 on ter ro rism char ges but we re sub se qu ently re le a sedwith the con sent of a pro se cu tor (from the over bur de ned and ill-equ ip ped Ge ne ral Cri -mes De part ment), who ap pa rently con clu ded that the re was in suf fi ci ent evi den ce of cri -mi nal ac ti vity in the ca se. The ca se was re vi ved af ter a new pro se cu to rial te am fromSDOC was as sig ned to the ca se and af ter it be gan re ce i ving tec hni cal as si stan ce from OP -DAT (first from ILA Wil lis then Hul sey), to de ve lop char ges and a ca se stra tegy. Owingto this much-ne e ded tec hni cal sup port, Ru stem pa sic and the ot her de fen dants we re sub -se qu ently re-ar re sted and in dic ted. The trial aga inst Ru stem pa sic et al is to be gin on Fe -bru ary 19, 2010. (No te: To da te, Bo snia, with USG as si stan ce, has suc cessfully pro se cu -ted one ter ro rism ca se. See Ref B. End No te).

Study Trips to ICTY, Euro pean Co urt for Hu man Rights 6. (U) From Oc to ber 18 to 23, 2009 OP DAT spon so red a le gal study vi sit to the In -

ter na ti o nal Tri bu nal for the For mer Yugo sla via (ICTY) for 12 jud ges from sta te-le vel, en -tity, and can to nal co urts as part of its long-stan ding ef forts to im pro ve the pro ces sing ofwar cri mes and to strengthen the ope ra ti ons of co urts and pro se cu tor’s of fi ces na tion-wi -de. The jud ges par ti ci pa ted in di scus si ons on to pics they had iden ti fied as be ing of par ti -cu lar in te rest to them, in clu ding the use of ICTY ca se law; wit ness sup port; ca se ma na -ge ment; ap pel la te prac ti ce; and use of the ICTY Ma nual on Best Prac ti ces. Par ti cu larlyno te worthy we re the di scus si ons bet we en the ICTY and Bo snian jud ges on the is su es ofdis sen ting opi ni ons and jo int cri mi nal en ter pri se. The ICTY jud ges we re sur pri sed thatthe ir Bo snian col le a gu es did not pu blish dis sen ting opi ni ons – a to pic that is be ing de ba -ted in Bo snia – and both gro ups of jud ges ex chan ged vi ews on pro ble ma tic aspects of thecon cept of jo int cri mi nal en ter pri se.

7. (U) Whi le at The Ha gue, the gro up al so paid a vi sit to the In ter na ti o nal Cri mi nalCo urt. It at ten ded a pre sen ta tion on the dif fe ren ces bet we en an ad hoc tri bu nal and a per -

283

ma nent in ter na ti o nal co urt and anot her on the dif fe rent ap pro ac hes ta ken by com mon andci vil law jud ges. The jud ges al so had the op por tu nity to sit in on co urt pro ce e dings at bothCo urts. As ot hers ha ve do ne in the past, se ve ral com men ted on the con duct of jud ges,wit nes ses, pro se cu tors, and de fen se co un sels, no ting that ge ne rally spe a king, Bo snianjud ges need to exert stric ter con trol of co ur tro om pro ce e dings, such as by in si sting thatco urt pro ce e dings be gin and end on ti me.

8. (U) From No vem ber 15 to 19, 2009 the RLA ac com pa nied eight jud ges from theSta te Co urt, the Fe de ra tion and Re pu bli ka Srp ska Su pre me Co urts, the sta te-le vel Con -sti tu ti o nal Co urt, and the Sa ra je vo Mu ni ci pal Co urt to the Euro pean Co urt for Hu manRights in Stras bo urg. The study vi sit stem med from ob ser va ti ons by in ter na ti o nal jud geswor king at the Co urt that Bo snian jud ges lac ked un der stan ding of so me aspects of theEuro pean Con ven tion for Hu man Rights. It is part of a wi der Em bassy ini ti a ti ve to sup -port Bo snia’s ef forts to mo ve to wards the EU, espe ci ally sin ce the co un try is fal ling be -hind its ne ig hbors on its path to the EU.

9. (U) The jud ges met the Bo snian jud ge on the Co urt and di scus sed aspects of theEuro pean Con ven tion on Hu man Rights (EC HR) that we re of in te rest to them. They al -so he ard pre sen ta ti ons from by Bo snian ex perts, who, among ot her things, pro vi ded ge -ne ral de scrip ti ons of pen ding ca ses fi led aga inst Bo snia. Of par ti cu lar in te rest to the Bo -snian jud ges was the ge ne ral di scus sion on the high-pro fi le Sej dic/Fin ci ca se, in which aRo ma and a Jew al le ged they we re be ing di scri mi na ted aga inst sin ce the Bo snia’s con -sti tu tion pro hi bi ted in di vi du als who iden ti fied them sel ves as “Ot hers” (i.e., Jews, Ro ma,in di vi du als of mi xed et hnic bac kgro unds) from run ning for the Pre si dency and the Ho u -se of Pe o ples. EC HR in ter lo cu tors un der sco red that the Sej dic/Fin ci ca se be the first ca -se in vol ving a pos si ble vi o la tion of Pro to col 12, which de als with ge ne ral di scri mi na tion.(No te: As no ted in Ref C, the Euro pean Co urt for Hu man Rights sub se qu ently fo und Bo -snia in vi o la tion of the EC HR. End No te) The Bo snian jud ges al so le ar ned how the Co -urt im ple ments its de ci si ons and how to ef fec ti vely use the Co urt’s da ta ba se to re vi ew ca -se law. Ad di ti o nally, they sat in on pro ce e dings in vol ving a pro perty rights ca se aga instTur key. Se ve ral jud ges no ted that the ca se was si mi lar to pro perty rights ca ses of non-Serbs who we re for ced to le a ve what is now the RS du ring the 1992-1995 war.

OP DAT Brings Fo cus to Ne e ded Re forms10. (SBU) On Sep tem ber 28-29 and la ter on Oc to ber 1-2, OP DAT or ga ni zed two

pre sen ta ti ons on its fin dings on trends at the Sta te Co urt’s Ap pel la te Di vi sion to fifty Sta -te and en tity-le vel jud ges as part of its ef forts to pro mo te ne e ded re form at sta te-le vel in -sti tu ti ons, which re main a top Em bassy pri o rity. In ter na ti o nal jud ges wor king on the ap -pe als pa nel had long com pla i ned of the need to sig ni fi cantly re vamp the work of the pa -nel. They ha ve ci ted among ot her com pla ints, opa que stan dards of re vi ew; the ten dencyof the ap pe als pa nels to not only re vi ew the me rits of ca ses be fo re them, but to es sen ti -ally re try ca ses; and the ab sen ce of sen ten cing gu i de li nes. In ter na ti o nal pro se cu tors wor -king at the Sta te Pro se cu tor’s Of fi ce had al so com pla i ned to OP DAT abo ut what they de -e med to be a high ra te of re ver sals, re vo ca ti ons or mo di fi ca ti ons of ver dicts which of tencal led for re la ti vely light sen ten ces for egre gi o us cri mes – par ti cu larly in or ga ni zed cri -me, eco no mic cri me, and cor rup tion ca ses.

11. (U) OP DAT’s ex ha u sti ve re se arch, which exa mi ned de ci si ons in over 400 ca sesover the co ur se of se ve ral months, drew at ten tion to the in con si stency in pri son sen ten -284

ces han ded down by ap pe als pa nels, the fact that so me tri als we re too lengthy, the po orqu a lity of writ ten de ci si ons, and the need for ap pe als pa nels to nar row the sco pe of whatfacts sho uld be vi e wed as de ci si ve facts, i.e. facts that co uld chan ge the ir de ci si ons. OP -DAT’s re se arch al so re ve a led that a much lo wer ra te of ver dicts we re mo di fied, re vo ked,or re ver sed (30 per cent, not 95 per cent as ha ve been re por ted pre vi o usly). The di scus si -ons that fol lo wed the pre sen ta ti ons of the se fin dings we re led by the Ho no ra ble D. Bro -ok Smith of the U.S. Third Cir cu it Co urt of Ap pe als who se vi sit was spon so red by OP -DAT. The Bo snian jud ges and ju di cial staff wel co med the op por tu nity to ha ve frank di -scus si ons on the work of ap pe als pa nels, no ting that OP DAT’s ini ti a ti ve had drawn at ten -tion to the need to re form the work of ap pe als pa nels na tion-wi de.

12. (U) As a fol low-up to di scus si ons it spe ar he a ded outli ned in Ref D, OP DAT al -so ho sted two ro und ta bles on pri son re form on Oc to ber 6 and Oc to ber 8, 2009. OP DATin vi ted re pre sen ta ti ves of key mis si ons fol lo wing the is sue (OHR/EU Spe cial Re pre sen -ta ti ve, the Co un cil of Euro pe, the Euro pean Com mis sion, and the EU Po li ce Mo ni to ringMis sion), ICI TAP, as well as key Ju sti ce Mi ni stry of fi ci als to di scuss the se is su es. OP -DAT in tro du ced the con cept of elec tro nic bra ce lets for in di vi du als con vic ted of les ser cri -mes to free up spa ce for in di vi du als con vic ted of gra ver cri mes. (No te: Con struc tion of asta te pri son is ex pec ted to start in 2011 and end in 2013. End No te) Se ve ral key Bo snianju di cial of fi ci als ha ve em bra ced the con cept of elec tro nic bra ce lets and are plan ning toesta blish a wor king gro up to exa mi ne the is sue. They ex pres sed wil ling ness to be gin wor -king on draft le gi sla tion to ma ke the use of elec tro nic bra ce lets le gal in Bo snia and ha veasked OP DAT to par ti ci pa te in this wor king gro up.

Im pro ving Trial Advo cacy Skills 13. (U) Du ring No vem ber 5-7, 2009, OP DAT spon so red the vi sit of Jud ge Char les

Simp son of the U.S. Dis trict Co urt from the We stern Dis trict of Ken tucky, who tra ve ledto Bo snia to help Bo snian jud ges and le gal of fi cers im pro ve the ir trial skills, par ti cu larlycom mon law ele ments with which they are still so mew hat un fa mi li ar. Jud ge Simp son leda ro und ta ble with 20 Sta te Co urt and Sa ra je vo Mu ni ci pal Co urt jud ges and le gal of fi cersco ve ring a wi de ran ge of to pics. They in clu ded: how to pre sent evi den ce, con duct di rectand cross exa mi na ti on, and han dle ob jec ti ons; whet her jud ges sho uld be al lo wed to wri -te dis sen ting opi ni ons; and the im por tan ce of sta tus con fe ren ces – an ini ti a ti ve in tro du -ced by U.S. jud ges at the Sta te Co urt de sig ned to im pro ve co ur tro om sche du ling. Thejud ges fo und this di scus sion help ful and ca me to un der stand the va lue of dis sen ting opi -ni ons. Many of them ad mit ted that they did not know how to han dle ob jec ti ons and wo -uld li ke to ha ve tra i ning in this area.

En glish Lan gu a ge Tra i ning in High De mand14. (U) Jud ges and ju di cial staff at the Sta te Co urt con ti nue to at tach gre at im por tan -

ce to the En glish lan gu a ge pro gram of fe red by OP DAT. They ha ve re pe a tedly as ser tedthat the pro gram is va lu a ble as the Co urt re ce i ves a gre at num ber of do cu ments from theIn ter na ti o nal Tri bu nal for the For mer Yugo sla via in En glish and En glish lan gu a ge skillsare es sen tial for com mu ni ca tion and co o pe ra tion with ot her co un tri es, in clu ding so me inthe re gion. Gi ven this gre at de mand for its clas ses, OP DAT so ught as si stan ce from theEm bassy’s Of fi ce of Pu blic Af fa irs (OPA) to as sist with its on go ing En glish-lan gu a gepro gram. In re spon se to OP DAT’s re qu est, OPA ma de it pos si ble for a Ful bright scho lar,

285

who had ex pe ri en ce te ac hing le gal En glish, to te ach an En glish-lan gu a ge class for fif teenjud ges and le gal of fi cers. The class, which in clu des Sta te Co urt Pre si dent Med dzi da Kre -so, be gan No vem ber 19, 2009. In ad di tion, the RLA and an Ame ri can jud ge te ach le galEn glish clas ses every we ek for 15 le gal of fi cers from the Sta te Pro se cu tor’s Of fi ce andthe Sta te Co urt. Whi le le ar ning En glish, par ti ci pants are le ar ning trial advo cacy skills (i.e.,di rect exa mi na ti on, cross exa mi na ti on, and clo sing ar gu ment).

Ot her No ta ble Ac ti vi ti es15. (U) As part of its on go ing ef fort to im pro ve do nor co or di na tion and to se ek op -

por tu ni ti es to co-train and hen ce re du ce costs, OP DAT spon so red a se cond ro und ta ble onOc to ber 27, with 14 pro vi ders of tec hni cal as si stan ce. Du ring the ro und ta ble, do nors sha -red in for ma tion abo ut plan ned tra i ning pro grams for the next six months, which OP DATcol lec ted to up da te its tra i ning ca len dar. The ca len dar is sha red with all do nors as well asthe Ju di cial Tra i ning Cen ters in the Fe de ra tion and Re pu bli ka Srp ska. As a re sult of thisef fort, dif fe rent in sti tu ti ons ha ve been able to com bi ne the ir fun ding and do jo int tra i ning.

En glish

286

Summary

Foreward .............................................................................................................. 3The ICTY in Cables Published by the Wikileaks ........................................... 5

287

288

289

290

291

292

293

294

295

296

297

298

299

300

301

302

303

304

305

306

Political Instrumentalisation of the International Crime Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

Documents

icty pro se cu tion

gb ha ve

tothe pro se cu tion

xons ha ve ac

ha gue tri bu nal

cu ments

uni ted sta tes

tel li gen ce agen ci