Page 1 of 46 ANALYSIS OF INCOME TAX RETURNS FILED AND DONATIONS RECEIVED BY POLITICAL PARTIES A Report by National Election Watch & Association for Democratic Reforms Association for Democratic Reforms B-1/6, Hauz Khas New Delhi – 110 016 Email: adr&adrindia.org
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Page 1 of 46
ANALYSIS OF INCOME TAX RETURNS FILED AND
DONATIONS RECEIVED BY POLITICAL PARTIES
A Report by
National Election Watch
&
Association for Democratic Reforms
Association for Democratic Reforms
B-1/6, Hauz Khas
New Delhi – 110 016
Email: adr&adrindia.org
Page 2 of 46
Analysis of Income Tax Returns filed and
Donations received by Political Parties
Table of Contents
Analysis of Income Tax Returns filed and Donations received by Political Parties ............................................... 4
Importance of financial transparency .............................................................................................................. 4
Analysis of Income of Political Parties for FY 2004-05 to FY 2010-11 ............................................................... 4
Indian National Congress ........................................................................................................................... 15
Bharatiya Janata Party ............................................................................................................................... 25
Communist Party of India (Marxist) ........................................................................................................... 33
Communist Party of India .......................................................................................................................... 33
Nationalist Congress Party ......................................................................................................................... 34
List of Top Donors contributing to Regional parties above 10 lakhs ........................................................... 35
Janata Dal (United) .................................................................................................................................... 35
Samajwadi Party ........................................................................................................................................ 36
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ............................................................................................. 37
Shiromani Akali Dal .................................................................................................................................... 38
Biju Janata Dal ........................................................................................................................................... 38
Telugu Desam Party ................................................................................................................................... 39
Sikkim Democratic Front ............................................................................................................................ 40
Shiv Sena .................................................................................................................................................... 42
Janata Dal (Secular).................................................................................................................................... 44
Lok Janshakti Party .................................................................................................................................... 44
Maharshtra Navnirman Sena ..................................................................................................................... 45
Rashtriya Lok Dal ....................................................................................................................................... 45
All India United Democratic Front .............................................................................................................. 45
Page 4 of 46
Analysis of Income Tax Returns filed and
Donations received by Political Parties
Importance of financial transparency
Political parties act as a link between the citizens and the government and therefore it is a given that the parties
must be accountable to the public at large. Political parties are the major stakeholders in a democracy and they
seek to undertake activities that are in the interest of the general public. As per the records available with the
Election Commission of India, there are 6 national parties and 46 recognized state parties in India. In addition to
this, there are 1139 unrecognized parties in India.
Political parties have multiple sources of funding and thus accountability and transparency becomes all the more
important. It is essential to have comprehensive and transparent accounting methods and systems which would
reveal the true financial position of the parties.
Central Information Commission’s order number CIC/AT/A/2007/01029 & 1263-1270, according to which public
authorities (Income Tax Departments) holding Income Tax returns of political parties, were directed to make
these returns available to the appellant (ADR). Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) had obtained copies of
the IT Returns and Assessment Orders of various political parties through the filing of RTI applications.
Analysis of Income of Political Parties for FY 2004-05 to FY 2010-11
Summary:
The Income of Political parties from FY 2004-05 to FY 2010-11, as given below, shows an almost steady
growth in the overall income of the parties
Amongst the National Parties, total income of INC went from Rs 222 crores in FY 2004-05 to Rs 307.08
crores in FY 2010-11 followed by BJP (Rs 104 crores in FY 2004-05 to Rs 168 crores) and BSP (4.2 crores
in FY 2004-05 to Rs 115.7 crores in FY 2010-11)
SP showed a decrese in their total income from Rs 28.54 crores in FY 2004-05 to Rs 15.21 crores in FY
2010-11 followed by TDP (Rs 7.42 crores in FY 2004-05 to 6.15 crores in FY 2010-11) and RJD (Rs 3.67
crores in FY 2004-05 to Rs 3.10 crores in FY 2010-11)
RTIs have been filed by the Association for Democratic Reforms to obtain the IT returns of the regional
parties, responses for which are awaited as have been highlighted in the table below
As the IT returns obtained from the Sikkim Democratic Front (SDF) was incomplete, data could hence
Table: Share of Donations from Total Income for National and Regional Parties
Total number of Named Donors contributing to the Political Parties The number of named donors (i.e. contributors who made donations above Rs 20,000 which is to be
mandatorily declared) is remarkably low. Below is list containing the total number of donors contributing to
National and Regional Parties from FY 2003-04 to FY 2010-11
Party FY 2003-
2004 FY 2004-
2005 FY 2005-
2006 FY 2006-
2007 FY 2007-
2008 FY 2008-2009 FY 2009-2010
FY 2010-2011
BJP 309 308 119 107 197 181 279 502
INC 141 163 351 102 104 143 226 417
SP 26 6 1 9 3 157 8 6
JD(U) 1 10 3 1 1 11 6 6
Page 11 of 46
Party FY 2003-
2004 FY 2004-
2005 FY 2005-
2006 FY 2006-
2007 FY 2007-
2008 FY 2008-2009 FY 2009-2010
FY 2010-2011
CPI 18 13 33 22 27 20 32 47
CPM 6 18 6 10 35 14 23 Not
submitted to ECI
NCP Not
submitted to ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI 4 9 12 9
AIADMK 17 18 Not
submitted to ECI
1 1 3 1 NIL
SAD Not
submitted to ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI 7 10 NIL
BJD Not
submitted to ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to ECI
Not submitted to
ECI NIL
TDP Not
submitted to ECI
14 6 12 49 7 26 30
RJD Not
submitted to ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI 1 7 2
SDF Not
submitted to ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to ECI
71 Not
submitted to ECI
DMK Not
submitted to ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI 15 3 300
SHIVSENA
Not submitted to
ECI 18 10 5 13 10 14 6
LJP Not
submitted to ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI 9 1 NIL
MNS Not
submitted to ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted
to ECI
RLD Not
submitted to ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI 66 15
Not submitted
to ECI
HJ Not
submitted to ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted to ECI
Not submitted to
ECI NIL
AUDF Not
submitted to ECI
Not submitted to
ECI 4 2 5
Not submitted to ECI
Not submitted to
ECI
Not submitted
to ECI Table: Number of donors who made contributions above Rs 20,000
‘Not submitted to ECI.’: Donations report not submitted to the ECI
Page 12 of 46
Analysis of Voluntary Contributions received by Political Parties Political parties rely heavily on donations for fighting elections and running their daily affairs. They receive huge
sums of money in the form of donations and contributions from corporate, trusts and individuals.
Section 29C of the Representation of People Act, 1951 says that political parties are required to submit
contribution details received in excess of Rs 20,000 from any person or a company. This section has been
interpreted by political parties, to include every single donation made above Rs 20,000 by any person at one
time. This section however, would also include in it multiple donations made by the same person, entity or
company aggregating Rs 20,000 or above during the year.
In addition to this, the coupon system has been adopted by political parties for collecting funds by issuing of
coupons in lieu of receipts to donors for cash contributions. Moreover, these are cash donations and it becomes
all the more difficult to establish the identity of the donor. This implies that a lot of cash donations received
remain unaccounted for in the books of accounts as only those amounts would be recorded for which a receipt
has been issued.
Thus it becomes all the more important to have a strict regulatory mechanism wherein political parties have to
report the correct quantum and the source of donations received.
Top Donors of Parties for FY 2003-2004 to FY 2010-11
Summary
General Electoral Trust is a major donor for INC (Rs 3646 lacs) , BJP (Rs 2607 lacs) and SP (Rs 50 lacs) for
the Financial Years 2003-04 to 2010-11
Other major donors include Torrent Power donating Rs 1415 lacs to INC, Rs 1300 lacs to BJP and NCP
receiving Rs 100 lacs;
Southern Engineering Works (SEW) is a major contributor to the INC (200 lacs) and CPM (35 lacs);
Videocon Industries has donated Rs 525.59 lacs to BJP, Rs 100 lacs to NCP and Rs 150 lacs to JD(U).
ShivSena has received Rs 145 lacs from Videocon Industries between FY 2003-04 and FY 2010-11
Party Top Donors Amount (Rs in lacs)
NATIONAL PARTIES
INC
General Electoral Trust 3641
Torrent Power Ltd 1415
Bharti Electoral Trust 1100
BJP
General Electoral Trust 2607
Torrent Power Ltd 1300
Asianet V Holding Pvt Ltd 1000
Page 13 of 46
Party Top Donors Amount (Rs in lacs)
NATIONAL PARTIES
CPM
Southern Engineering Works (SEW) 35
SEW Infrastructure Ltd 25
Nuziveedu seeds private ltd
10
CPI
A.B.Bardhan (Collection) 65
Communist Party of India 21.61
D.Raja (Collection) 21.45
NCP
Torrent Power Ltd 100
Videocon Industries Ltd 100
Satya Electoral Trust 100
BSP No Donations above 20,000 -
REGIONAL PARTIES
JD(U)
Videocon Industries Ltd 150
Sushma Marine Services 68.50
Electoral Trust 30.54
SP
Electoral Trust 158.02
ITC Ltd 78
General Electoral trust 50
AIADMK
Anna Thozhir Sanga Perovval 200
ITC 55
Dr V Nedumaran 27
SAD
Ambuja Cement 75
Bharati Electoral Trust 50
Trig Guardi Force Ltd 21
BJD Nitin Mathuria, Hon. Secretary General Electoral Trust
500
TDP
Southern Engineering Works (SEW) Infrastructure Ltd 125.00
Table: List of donors who contributed above Rs 20,000 during the FY 2003-04 to 2010-2011
Sikkim Democratic Front S.No
Name Address Amount Cash/DD/Cheque Financial
year
1 Harish Aneja - 2,500,000
Ch.no. 453466, HDFC bank ltd bareilly uttar pradesh
2009-10
2 Jigme Tshering Bhutia - 1,500,000
Ch.no. 071937,State bank of Sikkim gangtok sikkim
2009-10
3 Cipla Ltd - 1,100,000
Ch.no. 045249, Axis bank ltd rangpo branch sikkim
2009-10
4 Epitome Petro Chemical Pvt. Ltd.
- 1,000,000
Ch.no. 068324, State bank of India gangtok sikkim
2009-10
5 Extuder Food Proeessing Pvt. Ltd.
- 1,000,000
Ch.no. 153355, State bank of Sikkim gangtok main
branch sikkim 2009-10
6 Kamlesh Kumar Agarwal
- 1,000,000
Ch.no. Central bank of India
2009-10
7 Rajen Sharma - 1,000,000
Ch.no. 326023, Axis bank gangtok sikkim
2009-10
8 Sikkim Organices
- 1,000,000 Ch.no. 001298, Axis bank ltd Darjeeling west bangal
2009-10
9 Arjun Chhetri. Pankaj Fuel Center
- 800,000
Ch.no. 002058, Axis bank ltd Rangpo branch sikkim
2009-10
10 Yuksom Engineering Works (P ) Ltd.
- 600,000
Ch.no. 032731, Axis bank ltd Gangtok Sikkim
2009-10
Table: List of donors who contributed above Rs 20,000 during the FY 2003-04 to 2010-2011
Page 41 of 46
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
S.No Name Address Amount Cash/DD/Cheque Financial
year
1 Ponagalur Palanisamy Secretary - 10,500,000 Through Bank
transfer 2008-09
2 K.N. Nehru - 5,000,000 Cash, C-130, 5th Cross
Street Thillai nagar trichy-18
2009-10
3 P. Duraisami - 5,000,000 Cash, 277/1 North
madhavai salai perambulur 621212
2009-10
4 E. Periyasamy - 5,000,000 Cash, Kalaignar
malaigai sub collector office salai dindigul
2009-10
5 MRK Pannerselvam - 5,000,000 Cash, Secretary
kadalur dist DMK 2009-10
6 K. Ramachandran
- 5,000,000
Through bank transfer, 84, Liberty theater street ooty-
643001
2008-09
7 Nanniyur Rajendran
- 5,000,000
Cash, 253 Teachers colony puliyur E.F.
Post karur 2009-10
8 K.C. Palanisami
- 4,300,000
Cash, 330/1, Chinna andan koil street
karur-639001 2010-11
9 S.S. Palani Manickam
- 3,000,000
Demand draft, 47 Prathabasimmapuram
srinivaspuram tanjore-613009
2009-10
10 Managing Trustee Electoral
Trust
-
2,749,347
Cheque, 52 Mittal tower a wing nariman
point Mumbai 2009-10
11 Tamil Nadu Electricit Board
- 2,500,000 Cheque, Chennai 2010-11
12 Villupuram District DMK
- 2,023,683
Cash, Kalaignar Arivalayam villupuram
2010-11
13 L.P.F. (DMK)
- 1,500,000 Cheque, Chennai 2010-11
14 A.K.S Vijayan - 1,500,000
Cash, AKS illam, sinthamalli
perugavazthan mannarkudi nagar
614705
2009-10
15 V.S. Babu - 1,500,000
Cash, 59 Thirunavukarasu salai sembium perambur
chennai
2009-10
16 J Anbalagan
- 1,500,000
Cash, 11/3, Mahalakshmi street T
nagar Chennai-17 2009-10
17 E.A.P. Sivaji
- 1,500,000
Cash, 108 Poonamalle high road manavala
nagar thiruvallur 2009-10
Page 42 of 46
S.No Name Address Amount Cash/DD/Cheque Financial
year
18 T. Udayasuriyan
- 1,100,000
Cash, 1 east street, vadakkanandal post kallakurivhi taluk -
villupuram dist
2010-11
19 Thiru, M. Karunanidhi
- 1,100,000
Cheque, 15,4th street gopalapuram
Chennai-600086 2010-11
20 J.K. Rithish
- 1,100,000
Cash, E/24/9 Mugavai kumar complex
rajasethupathi nagar ramanathapuram
2010-11
21
The Secretary Tamil Nadu Metro Water & Drinage Board Workers
Association
- 1,000,000 Cash, Chennai 2010-11
22 Poondi K Kalaivanan
- 1,000,000
Cash, 20 south Moongudi perumal
agaram salai koradacheri thiruvarur
2009-10
Table: List of donors who contributed above Rs 20,000 during the FY 2003-04 to 2010-2011
Shiv Sena
S.No Name Address Amount Cash/DD/Cheque Financial
year
1
Wonderland Estate Developers Private
Limited
Mittal Tower, C-Wing, 17th Floor, nariman
Point, Mumbai – 400021
20,000,000 Ch No 2009-10
2 Videocon
International
171, Mittal Court, 'C'Wing, 17th Floor,
Nariman Pt, Mumbai-400021
14,500,00
Ch No 241192,
Ch No 241190, The Federal Bank Ltd,
Mumbai, Samachar Mrag Br
2005-06
3 MR Sanjay Kakade
Kakade Capital, 1205 Shirole Road,
J.M.Road, Shivaji Nagar,Pune-41005
10,000,000
Ch No 769116, 769576, Punjab
National Bank, Old Bazar Khadki, Pune
Br
2010-11
4 Mahindra & Mahindra
Mahindra Towers, Worli, Mumbai -
400018
9,500,000 Ch No 665006, SBI,
Ballard Estate Br 2009-10
5 Larson & Toubro
Limited
L&T House, Ballard Estate, P.O.Box 278,
Mumbai - 400001
8,000,000
Ch No 883129, Standard Chartered
Bank
2009-10, ,2004,05
Page 43 of 46
S.No Name Address Amount Cash/DD/Cheque Financial
year
8 Kitchen Appliances
(India)Ltd
171, Mittal Court, 'C'Wing, 17th Floor,
Nariman Pt, Mumbai-400021
7,500,000
Ch No 949804, Global Trsu Bank
Ltd, Nariman Point Br
2004-05
9 Femingo Private
Limited - 5,000,000
Chj No 936557, The Federal Bank Ltd, Sector 17, Vashi Navi Mumbai-
400703
2009-10
11 ACE Televoice and Services Pvt. Ltd.
306, Building No 2 (A-3), Millenium Business
Park, Mahape-Navi Mumbai-710
5,000,000 Ch No
068619,068625, Union bank of India
2008-09
12 Pratibha Industires
Ltd
Shrikant Chambers, Phase-II,5th Floor, Sion Trombay Road, Next
to R.K.Studio, Chembur, Mumbai-
400071
3,000,000 Ch No 031369, Bank of Baroda, Chembur
Br 2009-10
13 AMR Investment Private Limited
- 2,500,000
Ch No 800474, Syndicate Bank International Business Br
2009-10
14 Rajkumar Engineering
Pvt Ltd
171, Mittal Court, 'C'Wing, 17th Floor,
Nariman Pt, Mumbai-400021
2,500,000
Ch No 184234, Indian Bank,
Nariman Point Br
2004-05
15 Bharat Hotel Limited
Barakhamba Lane, New Delhi-110001
2,500,000
Ch No 873663, The Jammu&Kashmir Bank Ltd, Andheri
East Br
2009-10
16 Mighty Construction
Private Limited
1,Aparna,51st Road, TPS-III,Borivallli West,
Mumbai-400092 2,500,000
Ch No 742840, Punjab National
bank, Fort Br 2009-10
17 Subhash Enterprises
Lotas Business Park, 15
th floor,Dalia
Enterprises, Opp.Fun republic Link road,
andheri West, Mumbai
2,000,000
Ch No 828957, Janseva sahakari Bank Ltd, Borivali
Mumbai Br
2010-11
18 Pratibha Pipes &
Structural Ltd
Shrikant Chambers, Phase-II,5th Floor, Sion Trombay Road, Next
to R.K.Studio, Chembur, Mumbai-
400071
2,000,000 Ch No 132865,
Corporation Bank, INDL Finance Br
2009-10
19 ITC Limited
Virjinio House, 37 J.L.Nehru Road, Kolkata-700071
1,900,000
Ch No 427014, 427313, HDFC Bank
Ltd
2004-05, 2009-10
Page 44 of 46
S.No Name Address Amount Cash/DD/Cheque Financial
year
20 Sanskruti Developers
Pvt Ltd
Ahruti Trade Centre, Road No 7, MIDE
Maroi, Andheri (E), Mumbai - 400093
1,500,000
Ch No 588357, ICICI Bank Ltd, Mumbai
2004-05
21 New Look
Construction Pvt. Ltd.
3,Siddahrthnagar, MMGH Marg, Dadar
Mumbai-400014 1,500,000
Ch No 741078, Corporation Bank,
Wadala Br 2007-08
22
Mahindra Engg Chemical Products
Limited
148, Mumbai-Pune Rd, Pimpri Pune
411018 1,500,000
Ch No 020817, ICICI bank Ltd Br Pune
2009-10
23 Damani Estate
Finance Limited
903, Dalamal House, 206, Jamnalal Bajaj
Marg, Nariman Point, Mumbai-400021
1,500,000 Ch No 602327, HDFC Bank, Nariman Point
Br 2009-10
24 F.A. Construction
Plot No 112, 1st
Floor, TPS 3rd, 6th Road, Opp Hotel Orient Palace, Khar West, Mumbai-
52
1,000,000
Ch No 421132, Union Bank of India, Satacruz, Mumbai
Br
2008-09
Table: List of donors who contributed above Rs 20,000 during the FY 2003-04 to 2010-2011
Janata Dal (Secular)
S.No Name Address Amount Cash/DD/Cheque Financial
year
1
Lakshmi Narashima
Enterprises
No 4905-9th Floor, Hi-point-IV,
Palace Road, Bangalore-560001
11,000,000 Syndicate bank,
Vijaya Nagar, Bangalore
2009-10
Table: List of donors who contributed above Rs 20,000 during the FY 2003-04 to 2010-2011
Lok Janshakti Party
S.No Name Address Amount Cash/DD/Cheque Financial
year
1
Bharti Electoral Trust, Qutub
Ambience, H 5/12 Mehrauli Road,
New Delhi-110030
Qutub Ambience, H-5/12, Mehrauli rd, New
Delhi-110030 5,000,000
Ch No 008492, HDFC Bank
2009-10
2 Ali's Construction
- 1,000,000 Ch No 640578 2008-09
3 Golro Enterprises
Pvt. Ltd.
Fruit Market, Bistpur, jamshedpur, 831001,
jharkhand 1,000,000 Ch No 663226 2008-09
Table: List of donors who contributed above Rs 20,000 during the FY 2003-04 to 2010-2011
Page 45 of 46
Maharshtra Navnirman Sena
S.No Name Address Amount Cash/DD/Cheque Financial
year
1 Wadhva Construction
- 2,500,000 Ch No 757435 2008-09
Table: List of donors who contributed above Rs 20,000 during the FY 2003-04 to 2010-2011
Rashtriya Lok Dal
S.No Name Address Amount Cash/DD/Cheque Financial
year
1 Public Meeting of Ch
Ajith Singh Public Meeting 5,023,690 Cash 2009-10
2 Jayant Chaudhary Public Meeting 3,108,000 Cash 2009-10
3 Ashto Estate Pvt. Ltd.
Chuna Mandi Paharganj, New
Delhi-55 2,000,000
Ch No 821684, HDFC Bank, defence Colony ND 24
2008-09
4
Yogesh Dhama, Member Distt. Panchayaat Baghpat
Public Meeting 1,200,000 Cash 2008-09
Table: List of donors who contributed above Rs 20,000 during the FY 2003-04 to 2010-2011
All India United Democratic Front
S.No Name Address Amount Cash/DD/Cheque Financial
year
1 GPS & Associates
Chartered Accountants, A-1, Sindhi Niwas,
Sitaladevi Temple Rd, Mahim, Mumbai-
400016
1,500,000 Ch No 052592,
Union Bank of India, Mumbai
2009-10
2 Sukhbir Singh Sahni
A-1, Sindhi Niwas, Sitaladevi Temple Rd,
Mahim, Mumbai-400016
1,000,000 Bank Tfd, Bank Of Baroda, MSA Br,
Mumbai 2009-10
Table: List of donors who contributed above Rs 20,000 during the FY 2003-04 to 2010-2011
Page 46 of 46
Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and National Election Watch (NEW) continue to demand increased
transparency in the financial transactions of Political Parties. The accounts of all Political Parties must be
extensively audited. As per the recommendations of The National Commission to Review the Working of the
Constitution report submitted in March 2002 “..The political parties as well as individual candidates be made
subject to a proper statutory audit of the amounts they spend. These accounts should be monitored through a
system of checking and cross-checking through the income-tax returns filed by the candidates, parties and their
well- wishers.” This recommendation has also been cited by the Supreme Court in its order dated 13.03.2003,
on Writ Petition (Civil) No. 515 of 2002 (Association for Democratic Reforms vs. Union of India and another)
Furthermore the Election Commission in their proposed electoral reforms (2004) has said “The political parties
must be required to publish their accounts (at least abridged version) annually for information and scrutiny of the
general public and all concerned, for which purpose the maintenance of such accounts and their auditing to
ensure their accuracy is a pre-requisite. The Commission reiterates these proposals with the modification that the
auditing may be done by any firm of auditors approved by the Comptroller and Auditor General. The audited
accounts should be available for information of the public.”
There is a need for Political parties to have inner party democracy, transparency in their accounts and their
funding, internal elections for office bearers etc. The Law Commission of India, National Commission for the
Review of Working of Constitution and The Election Commission have recommended bringing in a law to this
effect. Unfortunately, the law makers have refused to budge.
Contact Details
Media and Journalist Helpline +91 80103 94248 Email: [email protected]
Anil Bairwal, National Coordinator National Election Watch, and Association for Democratic Reforms 011 4081 7601, +91 9999310100 [email protected], [email protected]
Prof Jagdeep Chhokar IIM Ahmedabad Founder Member National Election Watch, Association for Democratic Reforms +919999620944 [email protected]
Prof Trilochan Sastry IIM Bangalore Founder Member, National Election Watch, Association for Democratic Reforms +919448353285, [email protected]