Polite, Pertinent, and... Pretty: Designing for the New-wave of Personal Informatics

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Polite, pertinent ...and prettyWeb2.0Expo San FranciscoApril 2008Matt Jones & Tom Coates

[MATT] Hi - my name is Matt Jones and I’m one of the co-founders and lead designer of a social tool for intelligent travel called Dopplr.

[TOM] and I’m Tom Coates, and I work for Yahoo! Brickhouse where I develop new concepts in social software, future media and the web of data. My most recent project is Fire Eagle – a new location-brokerage system designed to make it possible for everything on the network to become location-aware.

[MATT] Today we’re going to use some examples from developing these services and more to examine what we find a pretty fascinating emerging area - where ubiquitous technology is increasingly impacting our lives, which we call ‘personal informatics’

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HUH?!

[MATT] So - what do we mean by this slightly high-fallutinʼ phrase “Personal Informatics”, and why is it relevant to where the web is going?

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Informatik: Automatische InformationsverarbeitungInformatics: Automatic Information Processing

Karl Steinbuch, 1957

[MATT] Informatics was coined by Karl Steinbuch as a term of art for the field of understanding what happens to information when it can be processed automatically and used in combination with many other sources of information.

Itʼs always a little lame to start off a presentation with a definition from wikipedia, but if itʼs in German then at least it sounds cool! “Automatische Informationsverarbeitung!!”

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“The discipline of informatics is based on the recognition that the design of this technology is not solely a technical matter, but must focus on the relationship between the technology and its use in real-world settings.

That is, informatics designs solutions in context, and takes into account the social, cultural and organizational settings in which computing and information technology will be used.”

[MATT] The framing of it I personally find the most useful is this one from UC Irvineʼs School of Informatics: “informatics designs solutions in context, and takes into account the social, cultural and organizational settings in which computing and information technology will be used” - the emphasis here is mine, but we often donʼt take these settings into account when considering the implications of our designs, and they are only going to have increasing influence on the near future success of our work as it leaves the desktop or laptop and pervades the world.

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A web of pages to...

[TOM] Pretty much everything I do is founded on this principle. A shift from a web of pages, with data silos behind the scenes, unconnected to each other to...

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...a web of data

[TOM] a web of data connected by services and APIs, where the data sources themselves are connected and the human-facing web is simply one of the ways in which you might explore, access and manipulate that data.

The web page remains a core site for human interaction, but is also increasingly an advert and hook for the data behind the scenes. And that data - and services that allow you to manifest that data is being freed to manifest everywhere the network touches.

If youʼre lost or you hate me or something at this stage, donʼt panic, hopefully some of this will become clearer through the rest of this talk.

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Users

Geo Music

Fire Eagle Last.fm

?

[TOM] In this connected space, every piece of data that you can open up can be combined with everything that already exists. Each time you add a new form of data to the system the potential stuff you can do grows dramatically. You had user information + track names of the music theyʼre listening to + information about that music + a time-stamp, you get Last.fm. Add the userʼs location to that and you get another new service.

To some extent then, finding new sources of data and finding good ways to expose them is the quest of a product maker. One way you can view the job is to help people create data, or expose it and then give them handles upon it and ways to use it.

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Personal Data

Antony Gormley

[TOM] One incredibly rich source of data is the individual themselves. Personal infomatics. can you help someone open up an aspect of the larger data environment that specifically pertains to them, is often (and when it isnʼt, probably should be) controlled or created by them. The sheer amount of data around that is enormous.

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Personal Sensors

Attention Data

Direct reporting Bureaucratic sources

Sensors in your environment

Objects that report to the network

[TOM] Some quick examples of some of the potential sources for information

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Physical generation of Digital assets

[MATT] increasingly weʼre seeing the future that has been painted by ubiquitous computing (or UBICOMP) academics and science-fiction movies becoming something we can buy for <$100 in camping and sports stores. Physical objects are recording, sampling and sharing data with other devices and via the network with other people.

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[MATT] These are wearable sensors by BodyMedia Inc., that record data about your health and reflect that back to you, and increasingly your doctor or other health professional.

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[MATT] Kevin Kelly has started tracking the trend toward ʻpersonal informaticsʼ on his blog “The Quantified Self”, and if thereʼs anyone who can spot a trend...

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[TOM] Hereʼs some more examples. Nike Plus is a sensor that tracks your steps and runs and gives you a sense of how youʼre doing and opens that up to people via the network.[MATT] So practical ubicomp and personal informatics are here, they cost about $30, and big businesses and brand names are involved.

Find me spot

[TOM] The spot is a GPS system that also broadcasts your location to the internet.

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ID Conex

Isaac Daniel GPS & Satellite phone shoes

[TOM] These Isaac Daniel Compass Trainers broadcast your location online and give you a panic button. [A lot of] Sensor informatics right now seems fundamentally to be oriented to some extent around avoiding kidnapping.

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Photo by edans, Flickr Creative Commons

[TOM] But of course, the most ubiquitous sensor that you carry with you all the time is your phone. Theyʼre increasing sites for carrying sensors, GPS units and the like - but also for getting it onto the network.

[TOM] And weʼre documenting our lives with these devices and sharing them in the web of data. Hereʼs Flickr, one of the most popular ʻlifestreamingʼ services, and active participant in the web of data...

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[TOM] Alongside the sensor-based information that surrounds any individual, thereʼs a whole wave of attention data.

Last.fm is the canonical example here - a service that in the background absorbs information about what youʼre listening to and turns that into an explorable and navigable data source. Alongside this you have ambient information streams that can come online in terms of the games youʼre playing, the TV and films youʼre watching, the places you go to, the events youʼve attended - obviously all depending on which services youʼre particularly interested in signing up for.

A couple of other examples AMAZONʼs what youʼve been looking at, Googleʼs opening up of your search query history. Or even the iTunes interface, recording how often you play specific songs.

This is Mattʼs Last.fm page.

last.fm visualisation

[TOM] And hereʼs mine, expressed as a visualisation. You can see my behaviour exposed here over time. Itʼs fascinating to compare this stuff with a similar visualisation from a friend of mine. He listens to things in full albums, played in order, and listens intently to one band for a few weeks at a time.

[TOM] Thereʼs also an ambient sense of information that operates in the records around an individual - their financial transactions for example. Sites like Mint and...

[TOM] Skydeck are trying to open up some of these sources of data if only to provide different angles upon how to visualise them and different sources to provide people with.

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[TOM] And then there are the pieces of information that can be captured from our environment or the objects we possess. The Wattson is one of the first sensors that you can place in your environment that reports information to the network.

Note - itʼs really important that we recognise that this is focused on capturing data for your own personal use rather than an overtly social use. This isnʼt about broadcasting information as much as itʼs about providing you personal feedback loops. The Wattson plugs into your electricity supply in your home and gives you information about how much power youʼre using, as well as sending it online where it can be graphed and tracked.

Instrumenting your life

[TOM] All of this is about, fundamentally, the possibilities that emerge from *instrumenting your life* - which is to say, giving you some simple ways to capture information about your environment and giving you some hooks around which to better understand it and then, potentially, use that information.

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“...whether we're ready for it or not, everyware is coming.

It is coming because there are too many too powerful institutions vested in its coming, knowing what enormous market possibilities are implied by the conquest of the everyday.

It is coming because it is an irresistable, "technically sweet" challenge, for designers no less than engineers. It is coming because something like it effectively became inevitable, the moment each of the tools, products and services we're interested started communicating in ones and zeroes.”

[MATT] And as we keep trying to emphasise - this stuff is here, and more is on its way.

As Adam Greenfield points out in his excellent book ʻEverywareʼ: “It is coming because something like it effectively became inevitable, the moment each of the tools, products and services we're interested started communicating in ones and zeroes.”

Personal Sensors

Attention Data

Direct reporting Bureaucratic sources

Sensors in your environment

Objects that report to the network

SHARING

[TOM] and not only are they everywhere but increasingly they are all sharing information with each other, via the web of data.

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Image by http://www.flickr.com/people/forklift/ CC: Attribution-No Derivative Works 2.0 Generic

[MATT] When we expose these previously invisible patterns in social software - what new behaviours and feedback loops appear?

http://www.flickr.com/people/forklift/

http://www.flickr.com/people/forklift/

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PolitePertinentPretty

[MATT] So in this context of what weʼre designing and building, what do we know about how we should design it? Weʼre proposing three pegs to hang some thoughts off.

There are many more to be sure, but we have 45 minutes, and these are perhaps the most pressing.

And they all begin with P...

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[MATT] Weʼre going to look at some of the product, service and interface design decisions we made in our respective projects to help us explore these concepts.

[TOM] Those products being FireEagle - a location brokerage service from Yahoo Brickhouse

[MATT] ...And Dopplr - which as I said is the service I co-founded and lead the design of.

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[MATT] The first ʻPʼ weʼd like to examine (!) is “Polite”. Which in many ways I think of as the softer ying to the hard yang of ʻprivacyʼ...

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Thesis 73 Everyware must default to harmlessness

Thesis 74 Everyware must be self-disclosing

Thesis 75 Everyware must be conservative of face

Thesis 76 Everyware must be conservative of time

Thesis 77 Everyware must be deniable

[MATT] Back to Everyware. Adam proposes a number of working theses to bring to bear on the design and development of personal and pervasive informatics...

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Thesis 73 Everyware must default to harmlessness



Thesis 76 Everyware must be conservative of time


[MATT] ...and when I think of “politeness” in relation to this field I think of these three in particular.

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“Ubiquitous systems must contain

provisions for immediate and transparent

querying of their ownership, use, and

capabilities.

Everyware must, in other words, be self-

disclosing. Whether such disclosures are made

verbally, graphically, or otherwise, they ensure

that you are empowered to make informed

decisions as to the level of exposure you wish

to entertain.”

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“Of course, no system in the world can keep

people from making fools of themselves if they

are bound and determined to do so. About all

that we can properly ask for is that our

technology be designed in such a way that it is

conservative of face: that ubiquitous systems

must not act in such a manner as would

unduly embarrass or humiliate users, or

expose them to ridicule or social

opprobrium, in the course of normal

operations.”

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“Our last principle is perhaps the hardest to

observe: ubiquitous systems must offer

users the ability to opt out, always and at

any point.

You should have the ability to simply say "no,"

in other words. You should be able to shut

down the ubiquitous systems you own and

face no penalty other than being unable to take

advantage of whatever benefits they offered in

the first place. This means, of course, that

realistic alternatives must exist.”

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Plausible deniability

[MATT] Sometimes the social tools and networks we are sharing our personal data with donʼt respect these principals of polite everyware, and even some times eradicate spaces or opportunities for very human tactics of manners and ettiquette e.g. plausible deniability

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Photo credit: Joi Ito Photo credit: Stephanie Booth

Full-Time Intimate Community / Ambient Intimacy

Mimi Ito

LeisaReichelt

[MATT] A few pointers to people thinking about issues of politeness, etiquette and new social norms that new technology creates.

Mimi Ito has been researching and writing about “Full Time Intimate Community” for a few years now, examining the social norms of identity and community created around, amongst other things, mobile phones and texting in youth.

Leisa Reichelt, a user-experience consultant from the UK has been discussing the related ideas of “Ambient Intimacy” and “Ambient Exposure” - looking at the contexts we share through the increasing streaming of our lives.

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Photo credit: Virtueel_Platform

Beautiful Seams / The Forgetting Machine

MatthewChalmers

AnneGalloway

[MATT] A couple more ideas to throw in the pot of designing for ʻpolitenessʼ.

Matthew Chalmers is a researcher in Glasgow who criticises the oft-heard call from technologists to create ʻseamless systemsʼ and instead maintains that to support legibility and user-control into our pervasive, personal technologies we should instead strive to design “Beautiful Seams”

Anne Galloway is a Candian Academic who proposed on her blog “The Forgetting Machine” which, contrary to the current norm of everything that is published on the net staying there forever, includes entropy and ʻconstructive forgettingʼ as a feature of this future system, emulating what cognitive psychologists believe is an important process in the building of our individual knowledge - and again allowing for plausible deniability...

[TOM] Here are some more of the tools that we provide to give users control over their data and privacy.

They can share as much or as little as they want. Keep taking updates but stop sharing, or delete all their information.

[TOM] This tool lets you set how often youʼd like us to remind you that youʼre sharing your location. Just so you donʼt forget.

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[TOM] politeness and privacy are incredibly important informing concepts to the design of FireEagle. As you can see here, you can ʻhideʼ at any time, and you can make FireEagle ʻforgetʼ everything it knows about you with the ʻpurgeʼ button

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[TOM]

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[MATT] If you decide to close your Dopplr account (but why you’d want to do that, I don’t know!) then we wrap up all the data you’ve entered into a .zip file that we mail you before deleting it all from our service.

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[Matt] The second P that we think underpins the design of these services is ʻPertinentʼ - that is disclosing information that is timely and as ʻin contextʼ as possible.

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Matt Webb / Movement / Snaphttp://schulzeandwebb.com/2008/movement/

[Matt] Matt Webb of Schulze&Webb recently gave a fantastic talk about “movement” as a new metaphor of the web going forward.

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http://schulzeandwebb.com/2008/movement/

[Matt] He posits we are moving from a web of ʻplacesʼ - pages and sites through a phase of the web as a kit of tools - to something more like a web of organisms or engines connected and fuelling each other. I think (and hope) heʼs right! Weʼre back to the Interwoven web of data that Tom described.

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[Matt] In the last year thereʼs been talk of the web as a ʻcoral reefʼ that is both architecture and organism. I like that metaphor, and we often think of Dopplr as a very tiny part of the reef that tries to adapt to an ecological niche there...

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[Matt] Dopplr is designed for a web of data and movementa bunch of small pieces that we show in the right context at the right time, add some value to, and pipe to wherever you find it the most valuable next. Thatʼs our role as an organism on the reef.

As more and more services move to this metaphor, we going to see more and more powerful recombinations of the web of data, delivered in increasingly pertinent ways depending on our habits and contexts.

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[Matt] The final ʻPʼ is perhaps the one that gets overlooked sometimes, but itʼs ʻPrettinessʼ. The vast quantities of information that personal informatics generate need not only to be clear and understandable to create legibility and literacy in this new world, but Iʼd argue in this first wave also seductive, in order to encourage play, trial and adoption.

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“EVOLUTION”

[Matt] This is Fernanda Viégas and Martin Wattenbergʼs “History Flow” - visualisations of the changes in a wikipedia entry.

This is the visualisation of the Evolution entry.

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“IRAQ”

[Matt] This is Iraq

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“LOVE”

[Matt] This is Love

They are beautiful, and very quickly - at a glance almost, tell a complex story in a simple and powerful way.

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Martin Hilpoltsteiner | http://www.recreating-movement.comvia http://www.kottke.org/08/02/time-merge-media

[Matt] Our growing skill at both generating and understanding complex information visualisations is giving us new perspectives

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Making the invisible,visible

[matt] This is Nuage Vert by HeHe (http://www.nuagevert.org) which is a large scale visualisation of the energy used in Helsinki, Finland, by projecting a laserbeam on the exhaust of a power station.

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[matt] Somewhat related to this: weʼre really happy weʼve been able introduce this new feature for Earth Day this week (serendipitously!)

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[matt] Lots of sites allow you to calculate your carbon footprint, but not a lot show the trend aggregated over time - we can do that. Hereʼs my year so far. Must try harder... Though it seems to be trending down...

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Scales, not diet...

[matt] Weʼre not currently linking through to things like carbon offsets. We prefer to leave actions like that up to individuals. Weʼre the weighing scale not the diet...

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FTW!

[matt] Weʼd really like to design a ʻwin stateʼ that encouraged thoughtfulness about travel and resources. For instance the default setting of the Toyota Prius dashboard showing MPG, not MPH encouraging the ʻgameʼs win stateʼ to be lowering the MPG...

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“Game mechanics are rule based systems / simulations that facilitate and encourage a user to explore and learn the properties of their possibility space through the use of feedback mechanisms.”

Raph Koster

Playfulness!

[matt] Raph Koster was the creative director of Sony Online Entertainment (Everquest/Star Wars Galaxies) who speaks and writes about games and play as core to the human experience.

Playfulness would probably be the fourth P if we could go longer - this is probably an entirely other talk!

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!"#$%&$%'$$%(%)(**$+",%&$%-$./01*%/"%

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Raph Koster: “A Theory Of Fun”

[matt] In Kosterʼs book “A theory of fun” he outlines why playfulness in games is so compelling to us.

Iʼd extend this to products, services and systems we design also.

Alexander Manu’s ToolToys:

“The… urge to handle goods is an important learning experience. As in play, tactile feedback increases the impact of the learning experience, by rewarding an action with a pleasurable response.”

[matt] Here is a quote from Industrial Design professor Alexander Manu, in his paper ʼToolToysʼ

I think this picture from Flickr illustrates Alexanderʼs point beautifully – the moment on Christmas day were the adults start stealing the toys from the kids to explore…

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Designing a distributed, interwoven identity

[matt] We donʼt want to be a beautiful website, we want to be a beautiful part of the web of data.

While the utopian side of us wants to make a web service you never have to visit (because itʼs delivering all of itʼs value in a distributed interwoven and contextual way - being a good citizen of the web of data) weʼre still trying to build a business and a brand - which means being recognised and enjoyed...

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[matt] how do you inject playfulness, delight and - whisper it - ʻbuild a brandʼ in this new fragmented environment?

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© 2007 Dopplr

© 2007 Dopplr

[matt] Dopplrʼs identity is in tiny things like our logo, that changes colour as your trips change.

Itʼs an informatic atom in itself that can be recognised anywhere we us it, and to a limited extent also distribute information.

We call it the “SparkLogo” after Edward Tufteʼs conception of ʻsparklinesʼ

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Delight!

[matt] We often use a term we learnt from someone in the Hotel industry - “Delighters”

e.g. the rubber ducky that he might put in a guestʼs room on the 3rd day of their stay or the Beach Ball he might put on their bed if it was forecast to sunny.

Weʼre always trying to create “Delighters” that can punctuate the experience of using Dopplr with joy.

The behaviour of the sparklogo is often something our users donʼt spot until the 3rd of 4th time they use the service - giving that delight...

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The future(s)

[matt] But - to move to something perhaps uncertain to delight - The Future of Personal Informatics

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[Matt] Probably the first thing that springs to mind is the common fear that we are building our own “participatory panopticon” as futurist Jamais Cascio* calls it, to dwell in - wonʼt these technologies provide the ultimate in a surveillance society?

Well - this is a large part of the consideration of possible futures, as I think we tried to cover earlier in our discussion of some of Adam Greenfieldʼs laws for EveryWare.

* http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/002651.html

SPIMES[Tom] The Bruce Sterling concept of the Spime is important in this context - objects that report their locations in space and time. As we saw earlier, weʼre already starting to see some of these emerge.

Spimes have huge implications to what it means to own or use an object - unlosable things, with ownership established digitally... But from our perspective, theyʼre more interesting because they are able to report information about their use.

In the same way as you can use Mint to manage and get better understanding of the information surrounding your use of money, you can get a similar grasp of information surrounding your belongings.

SENSORS

[Tom] Also - the sensory information about the world around them that almost everything spime-like will be publishing to everything else, continually - including us.

Christian Nold, http://www.biomapping.net

[matt] Artists, designers and researchers are experimenting now with these scaenarios - to finish up Iʼd like to go on a whistlestop tour of some of them.

Hereʼs Christian Noldʼs work “biomapping” where GPS data is blended with that from stress-monitoring devices...

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[tom] there are also entrepreneurs and large corporation interested in these sensor and data-laden futures: 23andme is a start-up that analyses your genome and reports back the findings in a web2.0 way that can be shared and compared with others.

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[matt] incidentally this is TechCrunchʼs Michael Arringtonʼs genome apparently... He published these screenshots earlier this year on TC.

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[matt] Nathan Eagleʼs work on “Reality Mining” at MIT gathers information from cellphone movements in space and then uses this to make predictions about individual and group behaviours.

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[tom] Dan Hill, an old colleague of both of us has been researching ʻthe street as platformʼ and writing on his excellent blog cityofsound.com about the possibilities of using sensor data in the home, street and neighbourhoods of the near-future to create economic, social and environmental benefits.

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Dan Hill’s urban informatics: cityofsound.com

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Dan Hill’s cityofsound.com

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“SeeShell is an augmented Oyster Card (the RFID-enabled Underground ticket) holder which displays, over time, the journeys a rider has taken. When a user passes their Oyster card (which is inside the SeeShell) over the touch-in point at the gate to the station while they are entering or exiting, the SeeShell, using RFID, senses which station the user just passed through and over time a permanent, ink-based map of the stations they have visited begins to emerge on their Oyster Card holder. The Oyster system already tracks users' journeys but there is no convenient way for the users to access or make use of that data. By building SeeShell on top of an already existing system, I hope to show how lived patterns of mobility might be leveraged in new ways and placed back into the hands of their creators.”

Johanna Brewer’s“SeeShell”

[matt] Johanna Brewer of UC Irvineʼs school of informatics has created a project called “SeeShell” which allows the power-relationship of the infrastructure of the RFID access pass to be equalised by giving the user a copy of the data that usually would be the privilege of the transportation authority.

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Augmented RealityInformation is available in this location

Timo Arnall

[matt] this is part of Timo Arnallʼs work on iconography for the world of Everyware, to create an awareness and a literacy in the augmented-reality weʼre creating.

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Adaptive Path’s“Charmr”

[matt] Design consultancy Adaptive Path recently published a project researching and proposing consumer everyware for diabetics, the charmr project

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Soni-Pill® - these easy to swallow little pills actually prove that your internal body movements have a music of their own! Just take one of these tiny, FDA approved pills, turn on your Bluetooth-compatible computer and be amazed as they convert your digestive habits into melodious music to your ears! The music changes with your diet and their position in your digestive tract! Pills stay in your system for approx. 1 day, then come out the other end for easy disposal in your toilet. Safe for flushing!

By Robert Lester, UMich.

[matt] some of these projects and possibilities are whimscal, some practical, and some are warnings...

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“No future but that we make”

[ matt] But, As Sarah Connor once said... thereʼs no future but that we make, so we hope weʼve given you some helpful pointers and inspiration for doing just that!

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Thanks!Now, let’s talk...

[email protected]

[email protected]

Thanks very much for your time and attention from both of us.

Polite, Pertinent, and... Pretty: Designing for the New-wave of Personal Informatics

Economy & Finance

matt

location