Polio Update. OPVOral Polio Vaccine IPVInactivated Polio Vaccine GPEIGlobal Polio Eradication Initiative FRRSFinancial Resource Requirements series GAVIGAVI.

Polio Update

OPV Oral Polio Vaccine

IPV Inactivated Polio Vaccine

GPEI Global Polio Eradication Initiative

FRRS Financial Resource Requirements series

GAVI GAVI !!!!!!!

WPV Wild Polio Virus

ACRONYMS

The situation in 1988

In 1988, when the Global Polio Eradication Initiative beganpolio paralysed more than 1000 children worldwide every day.

Since then, more than children have been immunized against polio thanks to the cooperation of more than countries and million volunteers, backed by an international investment of more than .

There are now only countries that have never stopped polio transmission and global incidence of polio cases has decreased by %.

In 2013, cases were reported for the entire year as opposed to over in 1988.

2.5 billion

200 20US$ 9 billion

399

416 350,000

In February long-regarded as the nation facing the greatest challenges to eradication, was removed from the list of polio-endemic countries, convincing doubters that global polio eradication is feasible.

There has also been success in eradicating certain strains of the virus; of the types of wild polioviruses (WPVs), the last case of was reported in and the last case of in .

2012 India

three type 21999 type 3 November 2012

The situation now

AfghanistanNigeriaPakistan

Polio this week as of 15 October 2014 •More than 6 months has passed since a case of wild poliovirus was reported in Syria or Iraq. Over 22 million children have been vaccinated against polio multiple times in the past year, in the midst of active conflict and a humanitarian crisis.

•Pakistan has reached 206 cases of paralysis caused by wild poliovirus in 2014. This is the highest number of cases on record by October in Pakistan in any year.

•Reviews took place in both Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon in September to assess the quality of polio outbreak response activities conducted so far. Both assessments concluded that although much progress has been accomplished towards controlling the outbreaks, neither programme can be entirely confident that transmission has been interrupted. Recommendations have been made and follow up missions should take place by mid-December in Equatorial Guinea and by February 2015 in Cameroon.

Total cases Year-to-date 2014

Year-to-date 2013 Total in 2013 

Globally 243 293 416

in endemic countries 224 99 160

in non-endemic countries 19 194 256

Countries

Year-to-date 2014 Year-to-date 2013

Total in

 2013

Date of most   recent

case WPV1

 WPV3 

 W1W3

 Total   WPV1  WPV3  W1W

3 Total 

Pakistan 206     206 43   43 93 22-Sep-14

Afghanistan

12     12 7     7 14 18-Sep-14

Nigeria 6     6 49   49 53 24-Jul-14

Somalia 5     5 174   174 194 11-Aug-14

Equatorial Guinea

5     5       0  0 03-May-14

Iraq 2     2       0 0 07-Apr-14

Cameroon 5     5       0 4 09-Jul-14

Syria 1     1       0 35 21-Jan-14

Ethiopia      1     1 6     6 9 05-Jan-14

Kenya     0 14     14 14 14-Jul-13

Total 243 0 0 243 293 0   293 416

Total in endemic countries     

224 0 0 224 99 0 99 160   

Case breakdown by country

Comparison

AfghanistanNigeriaPakistan

Problems

However, tackling the last 1% of polio cases has still proved to be difficult.

Conflict, political instability, hard-to-reach populations, and poor infrastructure continue to pose challenges to eradicating the disease.

Each country offers a unique set of challenges which require local solutions.

The Centre for Disease Control has declared that the ongoing endemic transmission in Nigeria is a major threat to the success of Global Polio Eradication Initiative. The challenge in Nigeria is that parents refuse vaccination for religious and superstitious reasons. The Nigerian is facing a serious information war with some miscreants who had spread rumors questioning the safety and efficacy of the vaccine. The need in Nigeria is to “stop politicizing polio.” Achieving control over Nigeria is of utmost importance because it is the only infective focus in the whole of Africa. With the Nigerian situation is still not in control the CDC's recommendation of vigilant surveillance and maintaining high population level immunity across Africa is something that is to be taken seriously.

NIGERIA

The polio endemic areas consist of three groups of districts, Karachi city, a group of districts in Balochistan, and a group of districts in Federally Administered Tribal Areas and North-West Frontier Province. These are also the areas with incomplete vaccination coverage primarily due to poor security situation although poor administration and corruption are also responsible. For example, media sources claim that more than 1 million children have been deprived of polio vaccine in the North Waziristan Agency region only. Not only are there problems in convincing people to get their children immunized, but also there are problems with poor organization, corruption, and lack of determination among health care workers. Even the media and health activist groups until lately too have failed to lobby effectively to pressurize the government. Security issues also crop up in some regions of Pakistan often thereby leading to failure of vaccination programs. In addition, Pakistan and neighboring Afghanistan repeatedly keep on re-infecting one another due to substantial population shifts between the two countries.

PAKISTAN & AFGHANISTAN

Plans for future action

In 2013 the Global Polio Eradication Initiative launched its most comprehensive and ambitious plan for completely eradicating polio.

Polio eradication and endgame timeline

The Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013–2018 is a comprehensive, long-term strategy that addresses what is needed to deliver a polio-free world by 2018. The Plan has four objectives, with associated timelines for delivery.

Endemic Countries: Details of external funding requirements for 2014-2016

AfghanistanNigeriaPakistan 

On 25 April 2013 at the Global Vaccine Summit, global leaders, donor nations and polio-affected countries pledged over US$ 4 billion towards the Strategic Plan’s US$ 5.5 billion six year budget. Since then, the GPEI has continued to work with partners to convert the pledges into signed agreements and cash disbursements and to secure the remaining US$ 1.5 billion in additional resources. As of 1 February 2014, US$ 1.5 billion has been operationalized through signed agreements and/or cash payments against funds committed at the Summit. In 2013, the GPEI received US$ 1.1 billion in contributions. 

Countries using and planning to introduce IPVOctober 2014 status report

This slide deck provides a summary per country on the status of planning for the introduction of Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine (IPV).

Information here is updated monthly based on information shared by WHO and UNICEF Regional Offices. Please contact [email protected] with any questions or updates on this data.

Definitions

Formal decision to introduce: The country has documentation of its decision to introduce IPV which has been verified by the relevant WHO Regional Office, or for GAVI eligible countries, a complete application for IPV has been submitted to the GAVI Secretariat.

Intent to introduce: The country has informally indicated that it plans to introduce IPV, e.g. planning an application to GAVI, or by requesting technical assistance to develop an IPV introduction plan.

Tracking these decisions and informal intents provide an indication of the global trend towards meeting the targets of the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan.

Countries using IPV vaccine to date and formal decision/intent to introduce

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. WHO 2014. All rights reserved

Data Source: WHO/IVB Database, as at 01 October 2014 Data of slide: 02 October 2014Map production: Immunization Vaccines and Biologicals, (IVB), World Health Organization

Since January 2013, the following countries have introduced IPV: Kazakhstan (July 2013); Peru (July 2013); Libya (March 2014); Albania (May 2014); Panama (2014), Nepal (Sep 2014) and Tunisia (Sep 2014)

Not Available, Not Introduced /No Plans (13 countries,7%)

Not applicable

Intent to Introduce in 2015 (29 countries, 15%)

Formal commitment to Introduce in 2014-2015 (77 countries, 39%)

Introduced to date (75 countries, 39%)

0 1,700 3,400850 Kilometers

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. WHO 2014. All rights reserved

Countries using IPV vaccine to date and introductions planned according to GAVI eligibility status

Not Available, Not Introduced /No Plans (13 countries, 7%) Not applicable

GAVI countries with formal commitment to introduce in 2014-2015 (66 countries, 34%)

Introduced to date (75 countries, 39%)

GAVI countries with intent to introduce in 2015 (4 countries, 2%)

Non GAVI countries with formal commitment to introduce in 2014-2015 (11 countries, 5%)

Non GAVI countries with intent to introduce in 2015 (25 countries, 13%)Data Source: WHO/IVB Database, as at 01 October 2014 Data of slide: 02 October 2014Map production: Immunization Vaccines and Biologicals, (IVB), World Health Organization

Since January 2013, the following countries have introduced IPV: Kazakhstan (July 2013); Peru (July 2013); Libya (March 2014); Albania (May 2014); Panama (2014), Nepal (Sep 2014) and Tunisia (Sep 2014)

0 1,700 3,400850 Kilometers

What do you know about GAVI ?

What’s OUR part in this

ADVOCATEThe fight to end polio is a massive effort that Rotary and its partners cannot do alone. Help secure support from governments, non-governmental organizations, corporations and the public. Your advocacy efforts help ensure that no child will suffer from this crippling disease ever again.

SHARE YOUR VOICEGet the facts about polio and spread the word via your social networks, throughout your local community, with the press, and to your government.Outreach Guide and Key Messages Advocacy FlyerGlobal Outlook: Advocating for Polio Eradication End Polio Now BrochureGuide to Lighting Up Iconic Structures

CLUB MEETINGSInvite policy makers (members of parliament, ministers, members of Congress, development agency representatives) to a local Rotary club meeting to discuss the progress against polio and how they can make history by supporting the fight to end polio.Sample Invitation Letter Certificate of Appreciation

SHARE YOUR STORYEach person has his or her own personal reason for supporting the fight to end polio. You story can help convince others to get involved. Share your story with Rotary for a chance to be featured on this website.

FUNDRAISERotary and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation have extended their partnership during the critical endgame phase of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. From 2013 to 2018, every US dollar Rotary commits to polio eradication will instantly become three dollars, thanks to a 2-to1 match by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Join Rotary in the final push to end polio and help make history today.

GRAPHICSMake History Today InfographicsMake History Today Banners

END POLIO NOW BROCHURESecure support from governments, nongovernmental organizations, corporations, and the public to fully fund the polio endgame plan.End Polio Now brochure

SHOP END POLIO NOWPurchase T-shirts, pins and other materials to show your support for polio eradication.Shop.rotary.org

EDUCATESend a letter to the editor. Suggest a polio eradication story to a local reporter. Share Rotary infographics to raise awareness about polio eradication.

SAMPLE PRESS RELEASEDevelop a press release four local media to use to tell your community about the work you are doing to end polio. Include examples of how you are making an impact and quotes from local Rotary members and other supporters.Download Press Release

Web sites to visit

http://www.endpolio.orghttps://www.rotary.org/myrotary/en/take-action/end-poliohttp://www.polioeradication.orghttp://www.polioaustralia.org.au