Policy, legislation and advanced treatment technologies for industrial-environmental symbiosis within the Lagoon of Venice Francesco Fatone Laboratory of Bioprocess and Chemical-Environmental Engineering Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Italy
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Policy, legislation and advancedtreatment technologies for
industrial-environmental symbiosiswithin the Lagoon of Venice
Francesco Fatone
Laboratory of Bioprocess and Chemical-Environmental EngineeringDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Italy
Contents
• Porto Marghera: growth, potential tobecome Eco-Industrial Park and decline
• Lagoon of Venice: environmentalmanagement and focus on (waste)water
• Porto Marghera: focus on the petrochemicalwastewater treatment
• Final considerations…to stimulate thediscussion
Venice and Porto Marghera…within the Lagoon of Venice
Porto MargheraLarge Indutstrial Site
Venice historical centre
2000 hectares
History of and large industrial site, withina very fragile environmental context
• 1917: insufficient infrastructure in the old port ofVenice, new commercial port in the mainland
• 1917-1940: development of the 1st industrial area• 1955-1965: development and saturation of the 2nd
industrial area• 1965: planning of the 3rd industrial area• 1966: Venetian flood (194 cm) and booming of the
public concern about the environmentalmanagement of the Lagoon
Public perception(s) of the Lagoon
Venice historical city
Firms and employes in the industrial site
Firms
Employes
Sectors, firms and employes
Mannino et al., 2015
-
+
Industrial symbiosis
Industrial Symbiosis engagestraditionally separate industries in acollective approach to competitive
Conditions for the survival and thedevelopment of eco-industrial parks
• Synergies among the firms• Availability of infrastructure• Presence of a flexible regulatory
framework and favorable policies• Presence of information management
system
1998: Agreement for chemicalindustry in Porto Marghera -
aiming at the Eco-Industrial Park• Develop an environmental management systems
among the firms• Annual environmental accounting• Improve processes and develop research to this aim• Reduce and rationalize the use and transportation of
raw material• Replace the hazardous substances with less polluting
compounds
Industrial Symbiosis favourable factors forPorto Marghera industrial park in 2004
Mannino et al., 2015
Industrial symbiosis in the Porto Marghera site:immature and spontaneous, but effective
Mannino et al., 2015
Transition and decline of theindustrial symbiosis dream
Mannino et al., 2015
The unique case of the Lagoon of Venice
Main special national laws to protect and safeguardthe Lagoon form pollution:• Law 16 April 1973• Decree 24 Apr 1998• Decree 16 Dec 1998• Decree 09 Feb 1999• Decree 26 May 1999• Decree 30 Jul 1999
Regulation on non-conventional pollutants:the Lagoon of Venice as European precursor
Compound Limit for dischargeTotal PAHs, g/l 1Dioxins, pg/l (TE) 0.5Cyanides, g/l 5Arsenic, g/l 1Lead, g/l 10Cadmium, g/l 1Mercury, g/l 0.5PCB <Limit of DetectionTri-butyl-tin <Limit of DetectionOrgano-chlorine pesticides <Limit of Detection
• Sampling period: from January 2006 to May 2008• Samples:
• Wastewater (25 samples):• WWTP Influent,• Effluent from Clariflocculation (CF effluent),• Effluent from MBR (MBR Effluent)
• Sewage sludge (5 samples, January-May 2008)• River water (25 samples) - Naviglio del Brenta (Oriago) river, a source of water supply for cooling
and different industrial processes in industrial site of Porto Marghera
FeSO4
Spent causticUp to pH 9.5-10
AnionicPolyelectrolyte
ClariflocculationEqualization
Sludgecollection tank
Thickening
Anoxic Aerobic
Pure oxygen
H2SO4Up to pH 7.5-8.5
Petrochemicalindustrialprocesses
Run-off
River
Dewatering
Incineration
Lago
on o
f Ven
ice
Sampling points
Sampling period and sampling points
PCBs in wastewater: DL-PCBsINFLUENT
• Out of 12 DL-PCBs, 6 detected• Penta-CB 105 (150 pg/L) and 118 (510 pg/L), and hexa-CB 156 and 167: 100 % FQ• Tetra-CB 77 and hepta-CB 189: FQ of 72% and 48%, respectively
MBR EFFLUENT• Only 2 PCBs > LOQ: 118 (40 pg/L, FQ 64 %) and 156 (30 pg/L, FQ 28 %)
Final considerationsThe industrial symbiosis in the large petrochemical area of
Porto Marghera spontanously triggered, but endogenous andexogenous social, legal and economic factors inhibited thedevelopment of the Eco-Industrial Park
The concentration of ubiquitous persistent compounds (e.g.PCBs) in industrial WW and sludge were lower than thosereported elsewhere, while the PCB loading of the river wasmore relevant than the treated industrial wastewater
The efforts to reach the environment-industry symbiosis shouldbe flexible with exogenous drivers of the industrial decisions
Thank you for your attention
Francesco Fatone
Laboratory of Bioprocess and Chemical-Environmental EngineeringDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Italy
Additional slides: sedimentsmanagement in the Lagoon of Venice
Chemical Class A Class B Class CAs 15 25 50Cd 1 5 20Cr 20 100 500Cu 40 50 400Hg 0.5 2 10Ni 45 50 150Pb 45 100 500Zn 200 400 3000Tot. Hydrocabons 30 500 4000Total PAHs 1 10 20PCBs 0.01 0.2 2Chlor. Pesticides 0.001 0.02 0.5Total PAHSs 1 10 20PCBs 0,01 0,02 2Chlor. Pesticides 0,001 0,02 0,5