Policy Cycle Model “ Applied problem-solving” Government Roles on Livestock Industry

Policy Cycle ModelPolicy Cycle Model ““Applied problem-Applied problem-

solving”solving”Government Roles on Government Roles on

Livestock IndustryLivestock Industry

Short Summary Short Summary

Objectives:o Desktop Review

o Fieldwork in selected aimags

o Selection of policy options

o Policy recommendations on roles of government in livestock industry

STUDY SITES, SCOPE AND STUDY SITES, SCOPE AND METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY

o Field surveys in two sums of selected aimags

Western region – (Baruunturuun & Tarialan sums, Uvs aimag)

Gobi region – (Undurshil & Ulziit sums, Dundgobi aimag)

Khangai region – (Ikhtamir & Ulziit sum, Arkhangai aimag)

Central region – Zaamar & Bornuur sums, Tuv aimag)

o Analyses of policy platforms, concepts and development strategies in livestock sector (covering the last 3-5 years)

o PRA techniques (interviews, questionnaire & matrix ranking, etc)

Field Survey Sites

Around 20 groups and key respondents in each sum

76 herders and their family members

22.3% women

About 60 staff of local government organizations, sum banks, service delivers

PROBLEM RECOGNITIONPROBLEM RECOGNITION• UNBALANCED ROLES BY STAKEHOLDERS

» Too much by central government

» No action at middle segments /aimag, sum, bags/

» Too little by primary producers /herders and livestock keepers/

» No apparent and sustainable commitment of private sector and NGOs

» No processors involved for common interests/progresses

• TOO AMBITIOUS AND LESS INTEGRATED PLANS» Intensified development of extensive livestock sector

» Ambitious hope “herders minimizing herd size”

» Expectation “herders investing in livestock”

» No measures on natural resource management

» No economically viable and feasible

“continued”

• Misinterpretation of some key development Misinterpretation of some key development concepts and policy alternatives:concepts and policy alternatives:

Sustainability Tragedy of commons Enforcement of rules for common property Definition of intensification Development policy towards to pastoral industry Misinterpretation of investment procedures False sense of safety Convenient excuse of inaction Lack of downwards accountability Wrong policy for poverty reduction Lack of structures to deliver technical advice and

technology transfer service

HOW THE PROBLEM AFFECT THE HOW THE PROBLEM AFFECT THE SOCIETYSOCIETY

The herding society remains:The herding society remains:•Expanded and widening poverty•Increased risk vulnerability•Unreduced dependent mentality and

short-sighted •Widened herd upgrading strategy•Stagnant herd productivity•Environment-unfriendly farming •Less capable to accept and absorb

technologies•Non-commercial and no cooperative•Non-educated in primary market matters

PROPOSAL FOR SOLUTIONPROPOSAL FOR SOLUTION• Balanced/differentiated, but integrated roles of Balanced/differentiated, but integrated roles of

government hierarchygovernment hierarchy• Lead role by primary communities and local Lead role by primary communities and local

Gov.Gov.• Extended roles of private sector and NGOsExtended roles of private sector and NGOs• Weighted and integrated participation of Weighted and integrated participation of

donorsdonors• Effective and resource co-management Effective and resource co-management • Commercialization and improved market powerCommercialization and improved market power• Extended commercial operation based on Extended commercial operation based on

cooperation and collaboration between herders cooperation and collaboration between herders and beyondand beyond

• Weighted and adjusted donor interventionsWeighted and adjusted donor interventions

Statement of IntentStatement of Intent … …The policy recommendation I am aiming to write, intends to advance in argument that in advancing livestock industry, Mongolian government must recognize the importance of stage-based or modest approaches to the promoting of livestock industry development with a strong differentiation and integration of roles to be played by different stakeholders with special emphasis on private sector…

Decision-makingDecision-making

Action modestAction modest• Maintaining herd productivity at an advanced Maintaining herd productivity at an advanced

level to reach a required sustainability level to reach a required sustainability • Stabilizing the balance and integration of Stabilizing the balance and integration of

roles of government and other stakeholdersroles of government and other stakeholders• Promoted and sustained involvement of Promoted and sustained involvement of

processors and other private entrepreneursprocessors and other private entrepreneurs• Committed investment by primary producers Committed investment by primary producers • Improved group cooperation and commercial Improved group cooperation and commercial

operations operations

Decision-makingDecision-making InactionInaction

– uncontrolled and unfriendly resource uncontrolled and unfriendly resource use/managementuse/management– encouraging increase in the numbers of low encouraging increase in the numbers of low productive herdsproductive herds– inactive and indifference attitudes to inactive and indifference attitudes to development and progressdevelopment and progress– more barriers to penetration of technology more barriers to penetration of technology and improvement and improvement – still high povertystill high poverty– vulnerable to risks …vulnerable to risks …

Decision-makingDecision-making RadicalRadical• Sharp and contradicting proposals to change the Sharp and contradicting proposals to change the

current distribution of roles current distribution of roles

• Significantly increase responsibilities and roles of Significantly increase responsibilities and roles of herders and herders’ informal/formal institutionsherders and herders’ informal/formal institutions

• Refrain current intensification lacking support from Refrain current intensification lacking support from grass rootsgrass roots

• Soften the current policies on business-type of Soften the current policies on business-type of herders’ cooperation herders’ cooperation

• Promote steady transfer of sparse societies to Promote steady transfer of sparse societies to cooperating in resource management and small cooperating in resource management and small non-livestock activities …non-livestock activities …

Current and future role-sharing Current and future role-sharing Current Future • State Ikh Khural 2 2• Central Government 10 10• Aimag Governor 4 5• Aimag Agricultural Authority 3 2• Sum Citizen’s Representative Khural 1 4• Sum Governor 6 11• Bag 4 9• Herders’ group as informal institution0 10• Herder households 11 10• International donors 8 7• NGOs 4 6• Private businesses 2 6• Processors 2 7

Role-sharing between government and Role-sharing between government and

other stakeholdersother stakeholders Lead Coop. Benef.• State Ikh Khural 2 9• Central Government 8 4• Aimag Governor 2 6• Aimag Agricultural Authority 2 3• Sum Citizen’s Representative Khural 0 3• Sum Governor 2 10• Bag 2 8• Herders’ group as informal institution 0 1

1• Herder households 10 1 1• International donors 10 7• NGOs 0 9• Private businesses 1 9• Processors 2 8• Poor 1 10

Specific ItemsSpecific Items • Motivate local government and stakeholders to engage in: Motivate local government and stakeholders to engage in:

– Diversification of livestock-related activities– Non-livestock activities as income generating option– Multi-input and labour/resource/environment saving– Value added processing

• Encourage herders and private sector to cooperateEncourage herders and private sector to cooperate– For final outputs– Incremental progresses

• Motivate towards improved decision-making at ground Motivate towards improved decision-making at ground levellevel– Information flowInformation flow– Better understand of basic and specific development Better understand of basic and specific development

concepts and alternativesconcepts and alternatives