Legislations and policies related to coastal zone management of Bangladesh Presentation on Presented by Md. Inja-Mamun Haque
Aug 17, 2015
Legislations and policies related to coastal zone
management of Bangladesh
Presentation on
Presented by
Md. Inja-Mamun Haque
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, a policy is a "set of decisions which are oriented towards a long-term purpose or to a particular problem."
A policy is a document that outlines what a government is going to do and what it can achieve for the society as a whole.
A policy is an informal document that just lists and states what must be done and what is intended to be done in the future.
Policies normally assist decision making. It is important to note that policies are formed normally over a period of time. They are not formed all of a sudden.
What is policy????
Legislation is term meaning statutory law. These laws have been enacted by a legislature or the governing body of a country.
Legislation can also mean the process of making the law.
Idea Bill Approved/RejectLegislative branch
Regulatory branchWriting out the details and implementation processLaw
If approved
How a law is made????
What is legislation????
Legislations and policies related to coastal zone management of Bangladesh mainly include
1. PRIORITY INVESTMENT PROGRAM (PIP), (2004)
2. COASTAL ZONE POLICY (CZPo), (2005)
3. COASTAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (CDS), (2006)
4. UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA (UNCLOS,1982)
The priority areas of investment program are
Mitigation of natural disasters, safety and protection
Environment management – protection and regeneration of the environment
Water resources management
Rural livelihoods and sustainable economic opportunities for coastal communities
Productive economic activities and focused development of tourism and fisheries sector
Infrastructure development
Social development including health and nutrition, education, and water and sanitation
PRIORITY INVESTMENT PROGRAM (PIP), (2004)
COASTAL ZONE POLICY (CZPo), (2005)
The specific objectives of the Coastal Zone Policy are
Economic growth
Meeting basis needs and creating livelihood opportunities for coastal communities
Reduction of vulnerabilities and enhancement of coping capacities
Empowerment of coastal communities
Women’s advancement and promotion of gender equality
Sustainable management of natural resources
Preservation and enhancement of critical ecosystems
Land: Planning to control unplanned and indiscriminate use of land resources
Aquaculture: Environmentally adopted and socially responsive shrimp farming be encouraged
Water: Adequate upland flow in water channels to preserve the coastal estuary ecosystem threatened by the
intrusion of soil salinity from the sea
Capture Fishery : National Fish Policy, in relation to exploitation, conservation and management of marine
fisheries resources
Agriculture : increasing the production of crops suitable for the coastal area with attention to maintenance of
soil health
Livestock : Grazing land for livestock be arranged
Energy : An assessment of all types of energy resources (e.g., oil, gas, coal, nuclear minerals, hydropower,
biomass fuels, solar, wind and tidal waves) undertaken on a regular/continuous basis
Afforestation :Measures taken in the coastal areas including newly accreted chars
The coastal policy include legislation and policy on
COASTAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (CDS), (2006)
• The CDS prepares for coordinated priority actions and arrangements for their implementation
through selecting strategic priorities and setting targets.
• The CDS is a targeted process and the targeting is identified with respect to:
Regions (islands and chars, exposed coastal zone or districts; high tsunami risk area; South-
West region);
Disadvantaged groups (erosion victims, women and children, fisher and small farmers);
Issues (shrimp culture, land zoning; groundwater management, climate change); and
Opportunities (tourism, renewable energy, marine fisheries)
Nine strategic priorities
I. ensuring fresh and safe water availability
II. safety from man-made and natural hazards
III. optimizing use of coastal lands
IV. promoting economic growth
V. sustainable management of natural resources
VI. improving livelihood conditions of people; especially women
VII. environmental conservation
VIII. empowerment through knowledge management
IX. creating an enabling institutional environment
COASTAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (CDS), (2006)
COASTAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (CDS), (2006) include legislation and policy on
Coastal tourism
Erosion in the coastal zone
Unplanned extraction of coastal resources include gas, oil, minerals, aquatic flora (including algae), and aquatic fauna(snails, fishes, amphibians, mammals, reptiles etc).
Rapid urbanization
Deforestation
Salinity Intrusion
Agrochemicals/Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
Solid Waste Management
Sewage Disposal
Industrial Waste (Including Ship Break yards)
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS,1982)
Marine protected area
Transit and innocent passage
EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone)
Exploitation of natural resources
Others legislation and policies related to coastal zone management of
Bangladesh mainly include
1. Policies and legislation for the management of coastal forests and trees
2. Policies and legislation for the management of coastal Land
3. Policies and legislation for the management of coastal Water
4. Policies and legislation for the management of coastal Fisheries
Policies and legislation for the management ofcoastal forests and trees
1. Environment Policy (1992)
2. Forest Policy (1994)
3. Coastal Area Policy (2005)
The Forest Policy (1994) emphasizes the establishment of plantations on all newly accreted lands in the
coastal areas. It is committed to conserving the resources and ecosystems of the Sundarbans (Statement
No. 9).
Protection of the country against natural disasters is the main objective of the national Environment
Policy (1992), which focuses on the maintenance of ecological balance and sustainable development.
Regarding coastal forest, the Coastal Area Policy (2005) has a similar commitment. It generally emphasizes
sustainable development in the coastal region and thus directly supports the establishment of coastal
plantations and conservation of existing coastal forests and preservation of coastal habitats.
Policies and legislation for the management ofcoastal forests and trees
1. Land-use policy(2001)
2. The Environment Policy (1992)
3. The Forestry Policy (1994)
4. The National Water Policy (1999)
Policies and legislation for the management ofcoastal Land
According to government Land-use policy(2001), usually the coastal char land is initially handed over to the
Forestry Department for 20 years. During this period, mangrove forests are planted as part of the coastal
protection system. As accretion progresses, the land behind the mangrove belt is converted into agricultural land
for settlement. Hence, the government also has a land settlement programme, although limited in scale. Landless
families who are victims of river erosion have priority in the allocation of land.
The Environment Policy (1992) encourages land use depending on the ecosystem prevailing in different parts of
the country. It emphasizes that efforts should be strengthened for land reclamation, erosion protection, soil
fertility and reduction of soil salinity and alkalinity .This policy also mentions transferring newly accreted land to
the Forestry Department on a priority basis to stabilize and protect the land from erosion.
Policies and legislation for the management ofcoastal Land
The Forestry Policy (1994) mentions that “effective measures will be taken for afforestation in the newly accreted
char in the coastal areas, as it protects soil and reduces the velocity and intensity of cyclones, tornados and tidal
bores” (sic). Afforestation also helps to stabilize newly accreted land.
The National Water Policy (1999) suggests undertaking surveys and investigations of the problem of riverbank
erosion; developing and implementing master plans for river training and erosion control; and planning and
implementing schemes for reclamation of land from the sea and rivers.
Policies and legislation for the management ofcoastal Land
The National Policy for Safe Water Supply and Sanitation (1998) recommends that each and every village
shall have one pond set aside for drinking water, which should be protected from contamination and
surface runoff.
The water logging problem has generated widespread discontent among the people. The Development
Strategy of the National water management Policy (NWMP,2001) considers it of foremost importance to
rationalize coastal embankment schemes on the basis of environmental audit .
Policies and legislation for the management ofcoastal Water
Policies and legislation for the management of coastal Fisheries
Marine Fisheries Ordinance,1983
National Fish Policy,1998