Experiment Polarization Terahertz Spectroscopy Application to Theophylline Anhydrous Single Crystal for Vibrational Mode Assignment Purpose Summary A single crystal of theophylline anhydrite, large and thin enough for wide range THz transmittance spectroscopy could be successfully fabricated by Temperature Difference Method (TDM) in aqueous solution. Wide range polarization spectroscopy at low temperature was shown to be useful to assign vibration modes with the aid of DFT calculation. Sample preparation Results and discussion 0 10 20 30 40 Theophylline anhydrous Intensity (a.u.) (deg) grown crystal XRD - 2 measurement Pna21 P21/c Theophylline monohydrate P21/n 5.0 mm 1.0 Grown single crystal Orthorhombic Pna2 1 a = 24.612 Å, b = 3.8302 Å, c = 8.5010 Å <010> <001> <100> (110) reflection <100> <001> <010> <100> <010> 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 parallel to <001> Frequency (THz) Absorbance Theophylline anhydrous single crystal 1.060 0 30 60 90 1.797 2.084 2.788 4.070 5.112 <010> 1.212 1.761 2.853 3.913 4.390 single crystal 70 K Smoothing 50GHz 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 0 Frequency (THz) Absorbance Theophylline 0.85 1.06 1.23 1.47 1.79 2.09 2.79 10 wt% PE pellet 2.87 3.96 powder 70 K Pole Figure measurement to (110) reflection Powder XRD measurement of crushed crystal 1/ T ln c hydrate anhydrou s 0.002 9 71 ℃ @1013 hPa Temperature Difference Crystal growth from aqueous solution ・low temperature hydrous ・high temperature anhydrous Single crystal growth of Theophylline anhydrous for THz transmittance spectroscopy 82 78 cooler crystal cel l heat sink peltier cooler stirre r pum p saturated aqueous solution 82℃ 78℃ heater Air flow air flow CW GaP THz Spectrometer Dry air purged Nb TES bolometer Motorized Linear Stage Chopper Lock‐in Amp Motorized Rotary Stage Collimater DFB : Distributed ‐ Feedback laser ECLD: mode ‐hop free External Cavity Laser Diode YbFA: Yb doped Fiber Amplifier Collimater Cryostat YbFA DFB 2 channel Frequency Meter YbFA ECLD Power feedback Power feedback Frequency feedback Frequency feedback Nb TES: Nb Superconducting ‐ Transition Edge Sensor Calculation DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculation with periodic boundary condition Software package CRYSTAL09 B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level Fixed cell parameter Y. Ebisuzaki, P. Boyle and J. Smith, Acta Cryst. (1997). C53, 777-779. Geometry optimization start from crystal structure defined by X-ray diffraction at room temperature GaP Frequency Absorption Direction (THz) (a.u.) 0.85 - <100> 1.06 0.348 <010> 1.21 0.026 <001> 1.47 - <100> 1.761 0.179 <001> 1.797 - <010> 2.084 0.056 <010> 2.788 0.099 <010> 2.853 0.042 <001> 3.913 0.496 <001> 4.070 0.971 <010> 4.390 - <001> 5.112 0.162 <010> 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 Frequency (THz) Absorbance <010> <001> 10 20 30 40 50 60 Intensity (km/mol) B3LYP / 6-31G(d,p) Fixcell DFT Calculation Frequency Intensity Direction (THz) (km/mol) 0.696 0.80 <010> 0.737 0.99 <001> 0.796 1.18 <100> 1.212 4.74 <010> 1.235 3.65 <001> 1.344 1.80 <100> 1.723 2.84 <100> 1.726 0.14 <010> 1.955 19.64 <001> 2.160 0.04 <010> 2.190 0.14 <001> 2.663 2.50 <010> 3.477 0.10 <001> 3.562 1.34 <100> 3.616 0.68 <010> 3.993 18.13 <001> 4.049 20.46 <100> 4.170 58.02 <010> 4.419 4.83 <100> 4.604 3.23 <010> 4.777 1.02 <001> 4.793 5.71 <100> 4.958 3.04 <010> 5.058 5.55 <001> 5.063 10.55 <100> 5.462 17.39 <100> 5.466 9.37 <010> 5.469 0.59 <001> <100> <010> <001> Measurement 0.796 THz Theophylline anhydrous C 7 H 8 N 4 O 2 drug for respiratory diseases C 7 H 8 N 4 O 2 ・H 2 O Theophylline monohydrate DFT calculation Polarization dependent spectra for anhydrous single crystal at low temperature Direct comparison • Single crystal growth of Theophylline anhydrous • Polarization THz spectroscopy of Theophylline anhydrous crystal at low temperature • Comparison absorption frequencies and intensities between measurements and calculations for THz vibrational mode assignment to obtain basic data to apply THz spectra to pharmaceutical Product Quality Control ・H 2 O Supply a system (hardware and software) Please find each vibration mode in PC (animation file) ○ Frequency range ○ Frequency accuracy &resolution ○ Power stability <10MHz < 0.3% Advantage ○ Easy operation ○ maintenance free ○ Small size, Mobile 0.5 ~ 6.0 THz NIHS