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Poetry Terms/ Notes Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 9 th th grade grade Mrs. Cook Mrs. Cook We don’t read and write poetry because it’s We don’t read and write poetry because it’s cute. We read and write poetry because we are cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race. And the human race members of the human race. And the human race is filled with passion. And medicine, law, is filled with passion. And medicine, law, business, engineering, these are noble business, engineering, these are noble pursuits and necessary to sustain life. But pursuits and necessary to sustain life. But poetry, beauty, romance, love…these are what poetry, beauty, romance, love…these are what we stay alive for.” we stay alive for.” -Keating- Dead Poet’s Society -Keating- Dead Poet’s Society
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Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Mar 26, 2015

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Page 1: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Poetry Terms/ Notes Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 9thth grade grade Mrs. Cook Mrs. Cook

““We don’t read and write poetry because it’s cute. We don’t read and write poetry because it’s cute. We read and write poetry because we are members We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race. And the human race is filled with of the human race. And the human race is filled with passion. And medicine, law, business, engineering, passion. And medicine, law, business, engineering, these are noble pursuits and necessary to sustain life. these are noble pursuits and necessary to sustain life. But poetry, beauty, romance, love…these are what But poetry, beauty, romance, love…these are what we stay alive for.”we stay alive for.”

-Keating- Dead Poet’s Society-Keating- Dead Poet’s Society

Page 2: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Before we begin… Before we begin…

ProseProse: Any written text that is not in : Any written text that is not in poetic form.poetic form.

PoetryPoetry: A type of literature that : A type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a specific form (usually using story in a specific form (usually using lines and stanzas).lines and stanzas).

ProsodyProsody: the study of the structure of : the study of the structure of poetry.poetry.

ExplicationExplication: the analysis of a poem.: the analysis of a poem.

Page 3: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Types of Poetry:Types of Poetry:

There are several types of poetry. There are several types of poetry. We will look at three.We will look at three.

Note: Many poems fit in more Note: Many poems fit in more than one category- it is not than one category- it is not always easy to define a poem as always easy to define a poem as just one type. just one type.

Page 4: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Types of Poetry:Types of Poetry:

Narrative poetry: narration of an Narrative poetry: narration of an event or a storyevent or a story– A form of narrative poetry would be A form of narrative poetry would be

a ballad or an epic poem.a ballad or an epic poem.– Example of a ballad: “Annabel Lee” and “The Raven” by Example of a ballad: “Annabel Lee” and “The Raven” by

Edgar Allan PoeEdgar Allan Poe– Example of an epic poem: “The Odyssey”, “Beowulf”, Example of an epic poem: “The Odyssey”, “Beowulf”,

“Dante’s Inferno”.“Dante’s Inferno”.

Page 5: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Types of Poetry:Types of Poetry:

Lyric Poetry: Lyric Poetry: – A short poemA short poem– Usually written in first person point Usually written in first person point

of view and expresses personal of view and expresses personal thoughts/feelingsthoughts/feelings

– Expresses an emotion or an idea or Expresses an emotion or an idea or describes a scenedescribes a scene

– Are often musicalAre often musical

Page 6: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Lyric poetry cont.Lyric poetry cont.

A form of lyric poetry would be an A form of lyric poetry would be an elegy or an ode.elegy or an ode.

– ElegyElegy: a poem of lamentation or sorrow.: a poem of lamentation or sorrow.

– OdeOde: a song-like poem that is serious, : a song-like poem that is serious, dignified, and elaborate. dignified, and elaborate.

Page 7: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Types of Poetry:Types of Poetry:

Dramatic Poetry: usually has one Dramatic Poetry: usually has one or more characters who speak to or more characters who speak to other characters, to themselves, or other characters, to themselves, or to the reader. to the reader. – Some parts of “Romeo and Juliet” Some parts of “Romeo and Juliet”

contain examples of dramatic poetry. contain examples of dramatic poetry. – We will not work with dramatic poetry We will not work with dramatic poetry

that much this year. that much this year.

Page 8: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

NARRATIVE POEMSNARRATIVE POEMS

A poem that tells A poem that tells a story.a story.

Generally longer Generally longer than the lyric than the lyric styles of poetry styles of poetry b/c the poet b/c the poet needs to establish needs to establish characters and a characters and a plot.plot.

Examples of Examples of Narrative PoemsNarrative Poems

““The Raven”The Raven”

““The Highwayman”The Highwayman”

““Casey at the Bat”Casey at the Bat”

““The Walrus and The Walrus and the Carpenter”the Carpenter”

Page 9: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Poetry Terms to Know:Poetry Terms to Know:

SpeakerSpeaker: Every poem has a speaker, or : Every poem has a speaker, or voice, that talks to the reader. Like a narrator voice, that talks to the reader. Like a narrator in prose, the speaker of the poem is not in prose, the speaker of the poem is not necessarily the author. The speaker can be a necessarily the author. The speaker can be a fictional person, an animal, or even a living fictional person, an animal, or even a living thing. thing.

POETPOET: The poet is the author of the poem.: The poet is the author of the poem.

SPEAKERSPEAKER: The speaker of the poem is the : The speaker of the poem is the “narrator” of the poem. “narrator” of the poem.

Page 10: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Lines & StanzasLines & Stanzas

LinesLines: a word or row of words that : a word or row of words that may or may not make up a may or may not make up a complete sentencecomplete sentence

StanzaStanza: a group of words that : a group of words that may or may not make up a may or may not make up a complete sentence. Stanzas are complete sentence. Stanzas are separated by a space. separated by a space.

Page 11: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

KINDS OF STANZASKINDS OF STANZAS

CoupletCouplet == a two line stanzaa two line stanza

TercetTercet = = a three line stanzaa three line stanza

QuatrainQuatrain == a four line stanzaa four line stanza

QuintetQuintet == a five line stanzaa five line stanza

Sestet Sestet == a six line stanzaa six line stanza

SeptetSeptet == a seven line stanzaa seven line stanza

Octet =Octet = an eight line stanzaan eight line stanza

Page 12: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Rhythm:Rhythm:

is the pattern of sound created by is the pattern of sound created by the arrangement of stressed and the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllablesunstressed syllables

MeterMeter: the organization of beats in regular : the organization of beats in regular patterns. The basic unit of a meter is a patterns. The basic unit of a meter is a footfoot which typically is made up of at least one which typically is made up of at least one

stressed and one unstressed syllable.stressed and one unstressed syllable.

Page 13: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Rhyme:Rhyme:

Is the repetition of similar sounds Is the repetition of similar sounds in words that appear close to in words that appear close to each other in a poemeach other in a poem

LAMPLAMP STAMPSTAMP

Share the short “a” vowel soundShare the short “a” vowel sound Share the combined “mp” consonant soundShare the combined “mp” consonant sound

Page 14: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Types of RhymeTypes of Rhyme::

1. 1. Approximate RhymeApproximate Rhyme- when two - when two words’ sounds are very close to words’ sounds are very close to rhyming but not exactrhyming but not exact

Approximate Rhyme Example: Approximate Rhyme Example: – wire-right, mind-sign, sound-downwire-right, mind-sign, sound-down

Page 15: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Types of RhymeTypes of Rhyme

2. 2. End RhymeEnd Rhyme- rhymes that - rhymes that occur at the end of a lineoccur at the end of a line

Ex: Ex: How statue-like I see thee How statue-like I see thee standstand,,

The agate lamp within thy The agate lamp within thy hand.hand.

From “To Helen” by E. A. From “To Helen” by E. A.

PoePoe

Page 16: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Types of RhymeTypes of Rhyme

3. 3. Internal RhymeInternal Rhyme: rhyming : rhyming words that fall within a single line words that fall within a single line of poetry.of poetry.– Example:Example:

Judge tenderJudge tenderlyly of of memeFrom “This is My Letter to the World” by From “This is My Letter to the World” by

Emily Dickinson. Emily Dickinson.

Page 17: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Rhyme SchemeRhyme Scheme

The pattern of rhyme formed by the The pattern of rhyme formed by the end rhyme. It is identified by assigning end rhyme. It is identified by assigning a different letter to the alphabet to a different letter to the alphabet to each new rhyme. (a,a,b,b) (a,b,a,b)each new rhyme. (a,a,b,b) (a,b,a,b)

– Ex: Gather ye rosebuds while ye may (a)Ex: Gather ye rosebuds while ye may (a)– Old time is still a flying (b)Old time is still a flying (b)– And this same flower that smiles today (a)And this same flower that smiles today (a)– Tomorrow will be dying (b)Tomorrow will be dying (b)

““To the Virgins Make Much of Time” by Robert HerrickTo the Virgins Make Much of Time” by Robert Herrick

Page 18: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Iambic PentameterIambic Pentameter

A poem that A poem that contains exactly contains exactly 10 syllables per 10 syllables per line. line.

EX: EX: u / u / u / u / u /

To swell thegour

d,

andplum

pthe ha- zel

shells

Page 19: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Here’s a hint…Here’s a hint…

When you are writing in Iambic When you are writing in Iambic Pentameter, try sticking to ONE or Pentameter, try sticking to ONE or TWO syllable words. Remember TWO syllable words. Remember this hint. We will practice this this hint. We will practice this later when you write your own later when you write your own sonnet. sonnet.

Page 20: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Figurative Language:Figurative Language:

Is a category of literary terms Is a category of literary terms that is used for descriptive effect that is used for descriptive effect and is not meant to be read and is not meant to be read literally. Usually, figurative literally. Usually, figurative language expresses meaning language expresses meaning beyond the literal level.beyond the literal level.– Literary TermsLiterary Terms

Figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification, Figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, symbol)hyperbole, symbol)

– Sound Devices (rhythm, rhyme, repetition, Sound Devices (rhythm, rhyme, repetition, onomatopoeia, assonance, consonance, alliteration, onomatopoeia, assonance, consonance, alliteration, anaphora, polysyndeton, euphony, cacophony)anaphora, polysyndeton, euphony, cacophony)

Page 21: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Types of Figurative Language: Types of Figurative Language:

SimileSimile: comparing seemingly : comparing seemingly unlike things by using “like” or unlike things by using “like” or “as”“as”

Example: “O, my love’s like a red, red Example: “O, my love’s like a red, red rose, rose,

That’s newly sprung in June-”That’s newly sprung in June-”

- Robert Burns- Robert Burns

Page 22: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Types of Figurative Language:Types of Figurative Language:

MetaphorMetaphor – compares or equates – compares or equates seemingly unlike things by stating seemingly unlike things by stating one thing IS another. Metaphors do one thing IS another. Metaphors do not use like or as. not use like or as.

– Ex: The grass is the handkerchief of the Ex: The grass is the handkerchief of the Lord. Lord. From “Song of Myself” by Walt WhitmanFrom “Song of Myself” by Walt Whitman

– ““All the world’s a stage, and we are merely All the world’s a stage, and we are merely players”.players”.

William Shakespeare.William Shakespeare.

Page 23: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

EXTENDED METAPHOREXTENDED METAPHOR

A metaphor that goes several lines or possible the entire length of a work.

Example “O Captain, My Captain” by Walt Whitman

Page 24: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Types of Figurative Language:Types of Figurative Language:

PersonificationPersonification: is a figure of : is a figure of speech in which an animal, an speech in which an animal, an object, or an idea is given human object, or an idea is given human characteristics.characteristics.– I bring fresh showers for the thirsting flowers, I bring fresh showers for the thirsting flowers,

From the seas and the streams;From the seas and the streams;

I bear light shade for the leaves when laidI bear light shade for the leaves when laid

In their noonday dreams. In their noonday dreams.

“ “The Clouds” Author unknownThe Clouds” Author unknown

– ““Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.”Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.”

From “The Raven” by Edgar Allan PoeFrom “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe

Page 25: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Types of Figurative Language:Types of Figurative Language:

Hyperbole: an exaggeration, often Hyperbole: an exaggeration, often for a humorous effectfor a humorous effect– EX: EX: My sister uses so much make-up that she My sister uses so much make-up that she

has to use a sandblaster to get it off at night.has to use a sandblaster to get it off at night.– I had so much homework that I needed a pick up I had so much homework that I needed a pick up

truck to carry all my books home.truck to carry all my books home.

– "I have seen this river so wide it had only one "I have seen this river so wide it had only one

bank." Mark Twainbank." Mark Twain

Page 26: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Sound DevicesSound Devices

ONOMATOPOEIAONOMATOPOEIA– Words that imitate the sound they Words that imitate the sound they

are namingare naming “ “Boom, boom, pow”Boom, boom, pow”

By The Black-Eyed PeasBy The Black-Eyed Peas

Page 27: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

ALLITERATIONALLITERATION

Consonant sounds repeated at Consonant sounds repeated at the beginnings of wordsthe beginnings of words

If If PPeter eter PPiperiper p picked a icked a ppeck of eck of ppickled ickled ppeppers, how many eppers, how many ppickled ickled ppeppers did eppers did PPeter eter PPiper iper ppick?ick?

Page 28: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

CONSONANCECONSONANCE

Repetition of consonant sounds at Repetition of consonant sounds at the end of words.the end of words.

– Example of consonance: The man in Example of consonance: The man in the orange cumberbuthe orange cumberbundnd e endnded his ed his blablandnd

speech with a bow. speech with a bow.

Page 29: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

ASSONANCEASSONANCE

Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines of poetry.or lines of poetry.

(Often creates near rhyme.)(Often creates near rhyme.)

LakeLake FateFate BaseBase FadeFade (All share the long “a” sound.)(All share the long “a” sound.)

Page 30: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Assonance (cont.)Assonance (cont.)

Examples of ASSONANCE:Examples of ASSONANCE:

““Slow the low gradual moan came Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing.”in the snowing.”

- John MasefieldJohn Masefield

““Shall ever medicine thee to that Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep.”sweet sleep.”

- William Shakespeare- William Shakespeare

Page 31: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

LitotesLitotes

Understatement - basically the opposite of hyperbole. Often it is ironic.

Ex. For example, rather than merely saying that a person is attractive (or even very attractive), one might say they are "not unattractive” .

Page 32: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

IdiomIdiom

An expression where the literal An expression where the literal meaning of the words is not the meaning of the words is not the meaning of the expression. It meaning of the expression. It means something other than means something other than what it actually says.what it actually says.

Ex. It’s raining cats and dogs.Ex. It’s raining cats and dogs.

Page 33: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

AnaphoraAnaphora

The repetition of a word or The repetition of a word or expression at the beginning of expression at the beginning of successive phrasessuccessive phrases

– Example: It was the best of times, it was the worst Example: It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of light, it epoch of incredulity, it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness, it was the spring of was the season of darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair…”hope, it was the winter of despair…” A Tale of A Tale of Two Cities Two Cities by Charles Dickensby Charles Dickens

Page 34: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

AnaphoraAnaphora

The repetition of a word or The repetition of a word or expression at the beginning of expression at the beginning of successive phrasessuccessive phrases

– Example: It was the best of times, it was the worst Example: It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of light, it epoch of incredulity, it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness, it was the spring of was the season of darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair…”hope, it was the winter of despair…” A Tale of A Tale of Two Cities Two Cities by Charles Dickensby Charles Dickens

Page 35: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

Anaphora cont.Anaphora cont.

Another example of anaphora…Another example of anaphora…And do you nowAnd do you now put on your best attire? put on your best attire?

And do you nowAnd do you now cull out a holiday? cull out a holiday?

And do you nowAnd do you now strew flowers in his strew flowers in his wayway

That comes in triumph over Pompey’s That comes in triumph over Pompey’s blood? Be gone!”blood? Be gone!”

from from Julius CaesarJulius Caesar- - ShakespeareShakespeare

Page 36: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

PolysyndetonPolysyndeton

Repetition of a conjunction Repetition of a conjunction throughout a piece.throughout a piece.

Example: We all lived Example: We all lived andand laughed laughed andand loved loved andand left. left.

– What are conjunctions? What are conjunctions? Remember BOYSFANRemember BOYSFAN

Page 37: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

PunPun

A play on words often meant to A play on words often meant to be humorousbe humorous

Ex: I work as a baker because Ex: I work as a baker because I I knead dough.knead dough.

Page 38: Poetry Terms/ Notes 9 th grade Mrs. Cook We dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race.

OxymoronOxymoron

An adjective modifying a noun An adjective modifying a noun when the two seem contradictory. when the two seem contradictory.

Ex: Hell’s Angels, jumbo shrimp, Ex: Hell’s Angels, jumbo shrimp, act naturally, pretty uglyact naturally, pretty ugly