Poetry Honors English 9. Objectives: To identify and interpret various literary elements used in poetry To analyze the effect that poetic elements.

PoetryPoetry

Honors English 9Honors English 9

Objectives:Objectives:

To identify and interpret various literary To identify and interpret various literary elements used in poetryelements used in poetry

To analyze the effect that poetic elements To analyze the effect that poetic elements have upon the readerhave upon the reader

To analyze poetry for the ways in which To analyze poetry for the ways in which poets inspire the reader to share emotionpoets inspire the reader to share emotion

What distinguishes What distinguishes poetry from prose?poetry from prose?

The Form and Structure The Form and Structure The Language The Language The SoundThe Sound

FormForm

The external patter of a poemThe external patter of a poem Its rhythm, Its rhythm, rhyme scheme, and rhyme scheme, and organization by line and stanzaorganization by line and stanza

The Structure of PoetryThe Structure of Poetry

Created through the organization ofCreated through the organization of ImagesImages IdeasIdeas WordsWords

OrganizationOrganization

Stanzas-Stanzas- Most poems are divided into stanzas, the Most poems are divided into stanzas, the

“paragraphs” of poetry“paragraphs” of poetry Each stanza contains a prescribed number of Each stanza contains a prescribed number of

lines- rows of words that may or may not form lines- rows of words that may or may not form sentencessentences

Some poems have regular stanzas (for Some poems have regular stanzas (for example, each stanza may have 4 lines), but example, each stanza may have 4 lines), but others may vary in length of stanzasothers may vary in length of stanzas

Language of PoetryLanguage of Poetry

Imagery- descriptive language used to Imagery- descriptive language used to represent objects, feelings, and thoughtsrepresent objects, feelings, and thoughts Appeal to one or more of the five Appeal to one or more of the five

sensessenses Intended to remind readers of something they Intended to remind readers of something they

have seen, heard, tasted, smelled, or touchedhave seen, heard, tasted, smelled, or touched

Language of PoetryLanguage of Poetry

Figurative Language- words used Figurative Language- words used differently from their ordinary, literal differently from their ordinary, literal meaningsmeanings Poets use figurative language to bring power, Poets use figurative language to bring power,

vitality, and freshness to their writing vitality, and freshness to their writing

Language of Poetry Language of Poetry

Figure of speech: a word or expression not Figure of speech: a word or expression not meant to be taken literallymeant to be taken literally Examples: Examples:

• Simile- uses the word like or as to compare two Simile- uses the word like or as to compare two seemingly unlike things seemingly unlike things

• Metaphor- states or implies that one thing IS Metaphor- states or implies that one thing IS anotheranother

• Hyperbole- uses exaggeration to express strong Hyperbole- uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humoremotion, make a point, or evoke humor

• PersonificationPersonification

The Sound of Poetry The Sound of Poetry

Rhythm & MeterRhythm & Meter RhymeRhyme Sound DevicesSound Devices

Rhythm & MeterRhythm & Meter

Rhythm: the pattern of stressed and Rhythm: the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetryunstressed syllables in a line of poetry A poem’s rhythm can be regular or irregularA poem’s rhythm can be regular or irregular

Meter: the Meter: the regularregular pattern of stressed and pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that can establish the unstressed syllables that can establish the rhythm of the poemrhythm of the poem The basic unit of measuring meter is the footThe basic unit of measuring meter is the foot

• A foot usually contains one stressed syllable and A foot usually contains one stressed syllable and one or more unstressed syllablesone or more unstressed syllables

RhymeRhyme

The repetition of the same stressed vowel sounds The repetition of the same stressed vowel sounds and any succeeding sounds in 2 or more words and any succeeding sounds in 2 or more words

(ex. (ex. stop stop rhymes with rhymes with drop)drop)

Internal rhyme: occurs when two words in the Internal rhyme: occurs when two words in the same line rhymesame line rhyme

End rhyme: occurs at the end of linesEnd rhyme: occurs at the end of lines Slant rhyme: occurs when the sounds of words Slant rhyme: occurs when the sounds of words

are similar but not identical (ex. are similar but not identical (ex. soul soul and and allall))

Rhyme scheme: the pattern of end rhyme in a Rhyme scheme: the pattern of end rhyme in a poempoem

Sound DevicesSound DevicesA poems’ impact depends not only on what it says, A poems’ impact depends not only on what it says,

but also on how it sounds.but also on how it sounds.

AlliterationAlliteration: repetition of consonant : repetition of consonant sounds at sounds at the beginning of wordsthe beginning of words

AssonanceAssonance: repetition of similar vowel : repetition of similar vowel sounds w/in non-rhyming wordssounds w/in non-rhyming words

OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia: words that imitate the : words that imitate the sound of what they describe sound of what they describe

RepetitionRepetition: the repetition of a sound, : the repetition of a sound, word, word, phrase, line, or even an entire phrase, line, or even an entire stanzastanza

Guide to Reading PoetryGuide to Reading Poetry

Respond to a poem as a whole before Respond to a poem as a whole before analyzing its detailsanalyzing its details

Pay attention to the ways a poem may Pay attention to the ways a poem may “refresh language” and make it seem new“refresh language” and make it seem new

Use your emotions, experiences, and Use your emotions, experiences, and imagination to help you create meaning in imagination to help you create meaning in a poema poem

Guide to Reading PoetryGuide to Reading Poetry

Read a poem at least 3 times: Read a poem at least 3 times:

11stst time: time: For enjoymentFor enjoyment

22ndnd time: time: For meaningFor meaning

33rdrd time: time: For structure and language For structure and language

Other Elements of PoetryOther Elements of Poetry

SpeakerSpeaker ToneTone EnjambmentEnjambment ParallelismParallelism JuxtapositionJuxtaposition ParadoxParadox EpiphanyEpiphany

SymbolismSymbolism DictionDiction ApostropheApostrophe CatalogCatalog RepetitionRepetition AlliterationAlliteration CharacterCharacter

StyleStyle

The expressive qualities that distinguish The expressive qualities that distinguish an author’s workan author’s work Includes:Includes:

• Word choiceWord choice• Length and arrangement of sentencesLength and arrangement of sentences• Figurative language & imageryFigurative language & imagery

Types of PoemsTypes of Poems

HaikuHaiku SonnetSonnet EpicEpic Lyric Lyric Free verseFree verse

““I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”

Lake District of EnglandLake District of England

““I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”