Increasing EtCO 2 Level Leak Muscle Relaxants (Curare Cleft) Esophageal Intubation Possible Causes: • ET tube cuff may be deflated or ruptured • ET tube in the vocal cords • Mask or Bag Mask Valve leak • Artificial airway is too small for patient Observations: • EtCO 2 drops during cardiac arrest • As rescuer tires, a decrease in EtCO 2 is observed • Increases with effective chest compressions and heart function Possible Causes: • Patient is mechanically ventilated Observations: • Depth of cleft is proportional to degree of drug activity Possible Causes: • Decrease in respiratory rate and/or tidal volume (hypoventilation) • Increase in metabolic rate • Rapid rise in body temperature (malignant hyperthermia) EtCO 2 During Cardiac Arrest Observations: • No CO 2 sensed • Small transient waveforms END-TIDAL CO 2 Normal and Abnormal Capnogram Waveforms Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Real-Time Trend Curare Cleft Time Time Real-Time Trend Curare Cleft Normal Capnogram Waveform Indications: • ET tube is correctly positioned • Proper ventilation is occurring A-B: Baseline B-C: Expiratory Upstroke C-D: Expiratory Plateau D: End-tidal Concentration D-E: Inspiration EtCO 2 increases significantly with the return of effective heart function. Rebreathing Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Possible Causes: • Mechanical dead space • Mechanical ventilator failure Abnormal Capnogram Waveforms Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Possible Causes: • Increase in respiratory rate and/or tidal volume (hyperventilation) • Decrease in metabolic rate • Fall in body temperature Decreasing EtCO 2 Level Airway Obstruction Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Possible Causes: • Partially kinked or occluded artificial airway • Presence of foreign body in the airway • Bronchospasm - Elevated end-tidal CO 2 valve - Loss of alveolar plateau
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Increasing EtCO2 Level
Leak
Muscle Relaxants (Curare Cleft)
Esophageal Intubation
Possible Causes:• ET tube cuff
may be deflated or ruptured
• ET tube in the vocal cords
• Mask or Bag MaskValve leak
• Artificial airway istoo small for patient
Observations:• EtCO2 drops during cardiac arrest• As rescuer tires, a decrease in
EtCO2 is observed• Increases with effective chest
compressions and heart function
Possible Causes:• Patient is mechanically ventilated
Observations:• Depth of cleft is proportional to degree
of drug activity
Possible Causes:• Decrease in
respiratory rate and/or tidal volume(hypoventilation)
• Increase inmetabolic rate
• Rapid rise in body temperature (malignant hyperthermia)
EtCO2 During Cardiac Arrest
Observations:• No CO2 sensed• Small transient waveforms
CMYK
END-TIDAL CO2Normal and Abnormal Capnogram Waveforms
TimeTimeTimeTimeTimeTimeTimeTime
TimeTimeTimeTimeTimeTimeTimeTime
TimeTime
Real-Time TrendCurare Cleft
TimeTime
Real-Time TrendCurare Cleft
Normal Capnogram Waveform
Indications:• ET tube is correctly positioned• Proper ventilation is occurring
A-B: BaselineB-C: Expiratory UpstrokeC-D: Expiratory PlateauD: End-tidal ConcentrationD-E: Inspiration
EtCO2 increases significantly with the return of effective heart function.
Rebreathing
TimeTimeTimeTimeTimeTimeTimeTime
Possible Causes:• Mechanical dead space• Mechanical ventilator failure
Abnormal Capnogram Waveforms
TimeTimeTimeTimeTimeTimeTimeTime
Possible Causes:• Increase in
respiratory rate and/or tidal volume(hyperventilation)
• Decrease inmetabolic rate
• Fall in bodytemperature
Decreasing EtCO2 Level
Airway Obstruction
TimeTimeTimeTimeTimeTimeTimeTime
Possible Causes:• Partially kinked or occluded artificial airway• Presence of foreign body in the airway• Bronchospasm
- Elevated end-tidal CO2 valve- Loss of alveolar plateau
Related Documents
![Clinicopathological analysis of abnormal uterine bleeding in … · 2020. 2. 21. · abnormal uterine bleeding [AUB].3,4 Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common clinical complaints](https://static.cupdf.com/doc/110x72/60c479f05ea55521530b1040/clinicopathological-analysis-of-abnormal-uterine-bleeding-in-2020-2-21-abnormal.jpg)
