POCKET GUIDE - Shelter Cluster

POCKET GUIDE TO RAPID SITE ASSESSMENTS

Shelter Coordination Cell

Pocket Guide to Rapid Site Assessment

This pocket guide is an easy-to-use step by step tool to rapid IDPs emergency sites assessments. It is intended as a quick reference in the field to capture maximum information about a specific site within a limited period of time. Editor: Ghada Ajami Solidar/SCC Illustrated and translated by: Yasotha Ponnampalam First Edition August 2007


Before you leave to the field: Be prepared with the following:

1. Assessment forms. 2. Sites list. 3. Notebook for additional observations. 4. A pen, a pencil and an eraser. 5. A camera. 6. Know your PF (Pace Factor). See p.4 7. 20m length measuring tape. 8. A GPS if possible.

If you are assessing a new open site you need to have: • The site approval by the GA or the DS. • The land officer or the GS/GN of the area where the site

is located to point out the boundaries of the land. If you are assessing a communal building site make sure you have: • The GA/DS approval. • The permission of the relevant government department

responsible for this site (eg. Zonal Director of Education/ZDE if the site is a school, the bishop of the area if the site is a church, etc…)

3


Once on Site To achieve a comprehensive site assessment: • Talk to the local population and ask questions. • Check and cross check information you collect. • Walk the site. • Use the remarks column on your assessment form for

additional information. • Note down your observations • Sketch the site.

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1. Site Location, Boundaries and Ownership Make sure you are looking at the right site: • Ask the land officer or the GN/GS about the boundaries

of the site. • Verify the ownership status from the land officer. • Make a rough sketch on the site. • Know which direction is North and mark it.

Properly identify the site location: • Plot any existing landmarks (temple, church, school,

government building…or features (statues, check point, big tree…) on the sketch plan.

N

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• Write the names of the prominent landmarks.

Take photos of the site including site features, landmarks. In the Site Location Section indicate the following in the remarks column:

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Approximate travel distances (by foot or 3 wheeler or bus from the nearest town or village center.

The name of the site/ building of culture significance 2. Size of Site If the site is irregular in shape measure the average length and the average width. You can get site dimensions by: a) Using the measuring tape. b) Pacing the average length and width of the site. (Refer to annex 1). c) Estimating dimensions by visual referencing using existing fence posts, power posts, trees spaced at equal distances. (Refer to annex 2) Tip: On some occasions you can combine 2 or more of the above methods determine different measurements of the site.

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3. Site Security To get an idea on the safety of the site location: a. Ask the local population in the area how loud and

how often do they hear shelling. b. Check if there has been security related incidents in

the recent past. Indicate on the assessment form/site sketch:

Approximate distances from artillery range, mine fields, military posts/camps.

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4. Site Drainage Site drainage is important in deciding the positioning of the shelters and latrines in the site. The type of soil indicates its absorption capacity. • Ask the local population if the area floods during the

rainy season. On the site sketch:

Indicate the direction of the slope of the site on the site sketch.

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5. Site Vegetation On the assessment form:

Specify if the site clearance can be done by labor or if there is need for heavy machinery. 6. Access to Site On the assessment form specify if:

The access to the site is a through main road, or a secondary road.

There is a need to build internal roads inside the site is drivable. 7. Host Community If local population is already hosting IDPs try to know: • The area of origin of these IDPs. • The duration of the displacement.

Note this information down on the assessment form.

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8. Water and Sanitation • Check with local population if water table is high or not. • Check the quality of water in the wells on site and in the

surrounding area (potable, brackish…) • Ask local population if the wells have water in the dry

season, if the water is enough for drinking, surplus, etc…)

On a sketch:

Mark the existing wells and latrines on and adjacent to the site.

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On the assessment form, indicate:

Indicate the number of existing wells and latrines on site and their condition. (Annex 3)

Specify if the wells are open or closed wells in the remarks column.

9. Livelihood On the assessment form mention:

If the market, agricultural land or sea is within walking distance or if there is a bus route available to commute to these areas.

9. Services On the assessment form, specify:

The type of health center: clinic or hospital.

The type of school: Pre school (year 1-5). Higher elementary school (year 5-10).

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On Extension of Communal Building Sites: Similar procedure as above plus the following: 1. Draw existing facilities. 2. Mark entrance points to sites. 3. Indicate possible extension areas.

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ANNEX 1 Pacing In some situations where it is difficult to use a measuring tape or an instrument to measure the site, distances may be roughly calculated by pacing to determine the approximate area of a site. A pace is the normal length of a step or stride of an individual. To determine your pace factor (PF) follow the steps below: 1. Measure a distance of 100m using a measuring tape. 2. Walk the distance with your normal pace. 3. Count the number of paces. 4. Divide the distance by the number of paces to get your pace factor (PF).

PF = Measured Distance

# of Paces

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Example: PF = 100 meters = 0.8m

125 paces

To determine an approximate measurement on site:

1. Pace the distance you want to measure. 2. Count your paces as you move along. App. Measurement = PF X Number of Paces Example: If # of paces = 120 and your PF = 0.8m Approximate measurement = 0.8 X 120 = 96m

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Recommendations: - For more accurate distance measurement, whenever time allows, pace the distances in both directions (from point A to Point B and then from point B to Point A). Determine the measurement by calculating the average. Distance = (AB+BA)

2 - In irregular sites, use triangulation method. Break the site into smaller more regular rectangles and pace the diagonals.

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ANNEX 2

Visual Referencing: Another way of estimating measurements on site is visual referencing. For example, if the fence of the site consists of posts at equal intervals, the average distance between 2 posts can be used as a reference to determine the approximate measurements of the site. Approximate Measurement = n x m Example: If the posts of the site fence are spaced at modular interval = m = 2m Number of modules per side = n = 23. App. Measurement = 23 x 2m = 46m

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ANNEX 3 Sample on how to carry out rapid assessment for wells and latrines

1. Number the wells and the latrines on the site sketch. (add sketch)

2. Draw a table on the back of the assessment sheet. Wells Code Type of

well Purpose Condition

W1 W2 W3

.

.

.

Latrines Code Functioning Not in use L1 L2 L3

.

.

.

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Contingency Emergency Shelter Site Rapid Assessment Form

Name of SiteGS Division

YES NO RemarksInside Existing Town/VillageNear Existing Town/VillageNear Military InstallationNear to National ParkNear Historical Sites

Government OwnedPrivately OwnedTemple/Church Ground

Average Length __________ metersAverage Width __________ meters

Existing Fence around SiteExisting Power Lines near SiteDistance from FDL_________Distance from Mine Fields__________

Low/Flood PlainSite FlatSite Elevated from SurroundingsSite Slope (2% - 6%)Site Slope > 10%Sandy SoilClay SoilBlack Soil

NoneScattered Trees & ShrubsJungle

Site Accessible All Year Round

Site Accessible by Heavy Vehicles (trucks, bulldozers…)Site Close to Main Road (specify distance)

Ethnicity:Religion: Already has IDPs living there

Open Well on SiteOpen Well near Site

Nearby Water Tank (specify distance)

Site Close to Market PlaceSite Close to Agricultural LandSite Close to Sea

11 Distance to the closest health center/clinic: _________

Distance to the closest School: __________

2 Site Ownership

7

6

3

5

Water Source

8

9

Host Community

Site Drainage

Location of Site

Size of Site

1

Services

4 Site Security

10 Livelihood

Site Vegetation

Access to Site


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Contingency Communal Building Rapid Assessment Form

Name of Center:GS Division

YES NO RemarksInside Existing Town/VillageNear Existing Town/VillageNear Military InstallationNear to National ParkNear Historical Sites

Number: App/ Total Area of Rooms:

Existing Fence around SiteExisting Power Lines near SiteDistance from FDL_________Distance from Mine Fields__________

Average Length __________ meters

Average Width __________ meters

NoneScattered Trees & Shrubs

Site Accessible All Year RoundSite Accessible by Heavy Vehicles (trucks,

Ethnicity:_________________Religion: ______________-Already has IDPs living there

Open Well on SiteOpen Well near Site

Toilets Available on SiteNo. of Functional Toilets on Site:No. of Toilets in Need of Repair:

Site Close to Market PlaceSite Close to Agricultural LandSite Close to Sea

11 Distance to the closest health center/clinic: _________Distance to the closest School: __________

Site Security

Area of Avialable Empty Land for Extension in Center

Services

10 Livelihood

Vegetation on Empty Land

Access to Center

Host Community

5

6

7

1

2

4

Location of Center

Usable Rooms in Center

3

Water Source

Sanitation9

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tpiuthd js fzpg;§º;Lf;fhd if E}y;

js fzpg;§L nLg;gjw;F jsj;jpw;F Nghtjpw;F Kd;dh;: Kd;djhfNt jahh;gLj;j Ntz;Òait: 1. fzpg;;§L gÒtq;fs;. 2. jsq;fspd; tpguk;. 3. Nk^jpf jft ;̂fis gjptjw;fhd Fwpg;G nfhg;gp. 4. Ngid>ngd;rpy;>mopwgh;. 5. fkuh. 6. jsfzpg;gpl;Lf;fhd fhuzpia m„e;J nfhs;s^;(Pace Factor).(ghh;f;f g.4) 7. 20m #skhd mstpLk; fUtp (Measuring Tape). 8. fpilf;f$Òajhf ,Ue;jhy;; GPS. Gjpjhf jpwe;ntÍ jsq;fis fzpg;§L nra;Ak; NghJ #q;fs; itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Òait : • GA m ;̂^J DS ,dh^; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;l jsq;fspd; tpguk;;. • ep^ mjpfhhp m^;^J GS/GN ,dh ;̂ jsj;jpDila vy;iyfs; njÍthf Rl;/f;fhl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk;. nghJ fl;Òlq;fis fzpg;§L nra;Ak; NghJ #q;fs; itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Òait : • GA m ;̂^J DS ,dh^; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;l jsq;fspd;

tpgug;gl;/ay;. • ,g; nghJ fl;Òlq;f@f;F nghWg;ghdth;f@ila mq;fPfhuk;. (cjhuzk;.ghlrhiyahf ,Ug;gpd; fy;Ê mjpfhhp>Njthyakhf

,Ug;gpd; Njthya Mah;, etc…)

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jsj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ, KOikahd jfty;fis js jfty;fs; %yk; ngw;W nfhs;tjw;F: • cs;@h; kf;fßld; fijg;gjd; %yKk; Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;gjd; %yKk;. • Nfl;L mwpe;J nfhz;l jfty;fs; rhpahditah vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jp nfhs;sy;. • jsj;jpy; elj;jy;. • jsj;jpy; cs;s Nkyjpf jfty;fis gjptjw;F fzpg;§l;L

gÒtj;jpYs;s Fwpg;G vd;Dk; epuiy gad;gLj;Jf . • fpufpj;J nfhs;sf; $/a tplaq;fis Fwpg;G vLf;f. • jsj;ij tiuf.

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1. jsk; mike;Js;s ,lk;> vy;;iyfs; kw;Wk; jsj;jpd; cWjp ePq;fs; ghh;j;J nfhz;/Uf;Fk; ,lk; rhpahdJ vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jp nfhs;f: • ep^ mjpfhhp m^;^J GS/GN aplk; jsj;jpDila vy;iyfs; gw;wp njÍtf mwpe;J nfhs;f. • ep^ mjpfhhpaplk; jsj;jpd; cWjp gw;wpa tpguj;ij mwpf. • jsj;jpd; gUkl;lhd tiuig tiuf. • tiuglj;jpy; tlf;F jpiria Fwpf;f.

rhpahd jsj;jpd; ,lj;ij fz;Lgp/g;gjw;F: • jsj;jpy; Vw;fdNt cs;s mikg;Gf;fis ( Myak;;,ghlrhiy>Njthyak; >murfl;/lq;fs; my;yJ

Fwp™Lfs;(J}gpfs;>fhty;;epiyak; >kuk;; ) jsg; glj;jpy; tiuf.

23


• Kf;fpakhd Fwp™Lfspd; ngah;fis vOJf.

jsj;jpDila mikg;Gf;fSk;, Fwp™Lf@k; njÍthf njhpaf; $/ajhf Nghl;Nlh vLf;f.

fzpg;;§L gÒtj;jpy; jsj;jpd; ,lj;ij njhpT nra;jy; vd;Dk; epiu gpd;tUtdtw;iw vLj;J fhl;LfpwJ:

24


mz;zsthf gpuahzk; nra;Ak; J}uk;( elf;f $/a J}uk; my;yJ %d;Wrpy;Y thfdj;jpy; my;yJ g]; ,y; nry;yf; $/a J}uj;jpyh mz;ikapy; cs;s fpuhkk; my;yJ efuk;

mike;Js;sJ.) jsj;jpd; ngah;/ fl;Òlj;jpd; fyhr;rhu Fwp™L

2. jsj;jpd; msT jsk; xOq;fw;w t/tk; cilajhÅd; ruhrhp ‰Ps mfyj;ij msf;Ff. js ms%l;il msg;gjw;F: a) mstpLk; fUtp %yk;. b) Ngrpq; Kiwia gad;gLj;jp ruhrhp #s mfyj;ij

msj;jy;.(gpd; ,izg;G 1 [ ghh;f;fTk; ). c)ghh;it ms%L %yk; js ms%l;il msg;gjw;F Vw;fdNt rk J}uj;jpYs;s NtÁ J}z;fs; kpd; fk;gq;fs;>kuq;fs; vd;gtw;iw

fzf;fpLtjd; %yk;. (gpd; ,izg;G 2 [ ghh;f;fTk; ). cjtp Fwpg;G:rpy re;jg;gfspy; jsj;jpy; #q;fs; NkNy Fwpg;Ìl;l xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Kiwfis gad;gLj;j Ntz;/Ak; Vw;glyhk;.

25


2. js ghJfhg;G jsj;jpy; js ghJfhg;ig gw;wp mwptjw;F: • cs;@h; kf;fsplk; nry; rj;jj;ij gw;wpAk; vt;tsT fhykhf rz;il eil ngw;Wnfhz;/Uf;ÏwJ vd;gJ gw;wp Nfl;lwptjd; %yk;. • mz;ikf; fhykhf ghJfhg;gw;w epiy rk;ge;jkhd rk;gtq;fs;

VjhtJ epfo;e;pUf;fpd;wdth vd;W mwptjd; %yk;. fzpg;;§L gÒtj;jpy;/ js tiuglj;jy; Fwpg;gpLjy; :

Ml;ywp nry;tPr;R ,fz;zpnt/>,uhZt Kfhk; vd;gtw;wpd;

jsj;jpÁUe;jhd mz;zsthd J}uk; .

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3. js t/fhy; mikg;G F/irfs; mikg;gjw;Fk;>kyry$lk; mikg;gjw;Fkhd ,lj;ij jPh;khdpg;gjw;F js t/fhy; mikg;G Kf;fpakhdJ . kz;zpd; tifahdJ #iu cWQ;Rk; msit Fwpf;fpwJ. • cs;@h; kf;fsplk; kio fhyj;jpy; #hpd; Njf;fj;ij gw;wp Nfl;lwpf. js tiuglj;jy; :

jsj;jpd; rhpÊd; jpiria mk;G FwpÅdhy; tiuglj;jpy; Rl;/ fhl;Lf.

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4. js kuq;fs;;; fzpg;;§L gÒtj;jpy;: $Áahl;fis nfhz;L jsj;ij Rj;jg;gLj;jyhkh my;yJ

ghhpa ,ae;jpuj;ij gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lkh vd;gij Fwpg;ÌLf. 5. jsg; Nghf;Ftuj;J

fzpg;;§L gÒtj;jpy; Fwpg;Ìl;lg/.

jsj;jpw;fhd Nghf;Ftuj;J Ìujhd tPjp ClhfNth my;yJ Jiz t Pjp ClhfNth vd;gij F„g;ÌLf.

jsj;jpw;Fs; cs;ghijfs; mikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lkh my;yJ kz;zpd; tif mjw;F Vw;wh^; Ngh^; cs;sjh vd;gij F„g;ÌLf. 6. Mjutspf;Fk; rKfk; Vw;fdNt cs;@h; kf;fs; ,lk; ngae;jth;f@f;F

Mjutspg;gth;fs; vdpd; m„e;J nfhs;s Ntz;/ait : • ,lk; ngae;jthpd; epue;ju tjpg;Ìºk;. • vt;tsT fhykhf ,ºk; ngae;J trpf;fpd;wdh;.

fzpg;;§L gÒtj;jpd; fPo; ,j;jfty;fis Fwpj;J nfhs;f.

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7. jz;¡Uk; kyry$lKk; • cs;@h; kf;fsplk; #Ph;kl;lj;jpd; msT cah;thdjh/ ,y;iyah vd Nfl;L mwpjy;. • jsj;jpy; my;yJ mz;ikapy; cs;s fpzWfspy; # Phpd; juj;ij gw;wp Nfl;lwpjy;.(F/g;gjw;F cfe;jJ,ctu;g;ghdJ) • cs;@h; kf;fsplk; twl;rp fhyj;jpy; #Ph; epiyfÍy; fpzWfspy; #h; fpilf;Fkh ,y;iyah vd;gJ gw;wp Nfl;L mwpjy;(NghJkhdjh,Nkyjpfkhdjh). js tiuglj;jy; :

jsj;jpy; Vw;fdNt cs;s fpzWfisAk;; kyry $lq;fisAk; tiuglj;jy; Fwpf;f.

29


fzpg;;§L gÒtj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l g/:

jsj;jpy; cs;s fpzWfSk;; kyry$lq;fSk;; vj;jid ghtidÅy; my;yJ jpUj;jg;gl Ntz;/ajhf cs;sd. . (gpd; ,izg;G 3 [ ghh;f;fTk; ).

fzpg;;§L gÒtj;jpYs;s F„g;G epiuÅy; fpzW jpwe;jjh/ %/ajh vd Fwpg;ÌLf. 8. tho;thjhuk;; fzpg;;§L gÒtj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l g/:

re;dj , tptrha epyk;, fly; vd;gd fpl;/a J}uj;jpy; cs;sdth>my;yhtp/d; ,jw;F nry;y g]; ghij cs;sdth vd mwpjy;. 9. Nritfs;

fzpg;;§L gÒtj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l g/:

Rfhjhu ghpNrhjid epiyaj;jpd; tiffs;: Rfhjhu

ghpNrhjid epiyak; my;yJ itj;jparhiy. ghlrhiyÅd; ÌhpT :Muk;g ghlrhiy (Mz;L 1-5). cah;ju ghlrhiy (Mz;L 5-12).

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Vw;fNt cs;s nghJfl;llj;jpy;: fPNs Fwpg;Ìlg;gl;litAld; NkNy Fwpg;Ìlg;gl;lit

mlq;fyhf : 1. Vw;fNt cs;s trjpfis tiuf. 2. jsj;jpw;fhd EisthÅiy tiuf. 3. jsj;jpy; ghtidf;Ffe;j ,lq;fis Fwpg;ÌLf.

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gpd;Îizg;G 1

Ngrpq; Kiw (Pacing) jsj;jpy; rpy Ntisfspy; msÊLk; fUÊfis my;yJ cgfuzqfis gad;gLj;j K/ahj epiy Vw;glyhk;.,r; re;jg;gq;fspy; mz;zsthd Kiwia gad;gLj;jp jsj; jpd; gug;ig mz;zsthf fzpf;f Ntz;/ Vw;glyhk;.Ng];vd;gJ toikahd eilÅd; NghJ jdpeghpdJ ,Ughjq;f@f;F ,ilÅyhd J}uk;. Ng]; fhuzpia fzpg;gjw;F fPNo fhl;lg;gl;l Kiwia

gad;gLj;Jf: 1. mstpLk; fUtpia gad;gLj;jp 100m J}uj;ij msÁLf. 2. ,j; J}uj;ij toikahd eilÅy; elf;Ff. 3. elf;Fk; NghJ jlitia vz;Zf. 4. msf;fg;gl;l J}uj;ij ele;j vz;zpf;ifahy; tFf;f

tUtJ Ng]; fhuzp (PF).

PF = msf;fg;gl;l J}uk;

vz;zpf;if

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cjhuzk;: PF = 100 ªw;wh; = 0.8 ªw;wh; 125 vz;zpf;if

jsj;jpd; mz;zsthd J}uj;ij fzpg;gjw;F :

1. J}uk; msf;fg;NghFk; ,lj;jpy; elf;Ff.

2. #q;fs; elf;Fk; NghJ vj;jid jlit vd vz;Zf. mz;zsthd J}uk; = PF X eilÅd; vz;zpf;if cjhuzk;: eilÅd; vz;zpf;if = 120 , PF = 0.8 ªw;wh; mz;zsthd J}uk; = 0.8 X 120 = 96 ªw;wh;

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ghpe;Jiu

- kpfr; rhpahd J}uj;ij mstpLtjw;F ,uz;L jpirapYk; Ng];

J}uj;ij vLf;f.(Gs;sp A apypUe;J B iaAk;, B apypUe;J A

iaAk;) ruhrhp mstpl;il fzpg;gjd; %yk; rhpahd J}uj;ij

ngWf.((AB+BA)/2) - xOq;fw;w jskhf ,Ug;gpd; jsj;ij xOq;fhd rpW rpW Kf;Nfhzq;fshf gphpj;J mstpLtjd; %yk; kpfr;rhpahd J}uj;ij ngw;Wnfhs;syhk;.

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gpd;Îizg;G 2

ghh;it ms%L Kiw: jsj;jpd; mz;zsthd J}uj;ij fzpg;gjw;F ghh;it ms%L Kiw vd;Dk; kw;WnkhU KiwiaAk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. cjhuzkhf jsj;jpy; rkJ}uj;jpy; NtÁj; J}z;fs; ,Ug;Ìd; NtÁJ}z;f@f;F ,ilÅyhd J}uk;> vz;Ûf;if vd;gtw;iw fzf;fpLtjd; %yk; jsj;jpd; mz;zsthd J}uj;ij fzpf;fyhk;.

mz;zsthd J}uk; = n x m cjhuzk;: NtÁfSf; fpilÅyhd J}uk; rkk; vÎd; = m = 2 ªw;wh; J}z;fÍd; z;zpf;if = n = 23. mz;zsthd J}uk; = 23 x 2 ªw;wh; = 46 ªw;wh;

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gpd;Îizg;G 3 fpzWfisAk;; kyry$lq;fisAk; msg;gjw;fhd khjphpg;g/tk; .

1. tiuglj;jYs;s fpzWfisAk; kyry $lq;fisAk; vz;Zf.

(,j;Jld; tiuglj;ij ,izf;Ff.) 2. fzpg;;§L gÒtj;jpd; Ìd;gFjpÅy; fPo;fhl;lg;gl;l

ml;ltizia tiuf.

fpzWfs; Fwp™L fpzw;wpd;

tif Nehf;fk; jd;ik

W1 W2 W3

.

.

.

kyry$lq;fs; Fwp™L ghtidf;Ffe;j

epiyÅy; ghtidaw;w epiyÅy;

L1 L2 L3

.

.

.

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Notes

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POCKET GUIDE - Shelter Cluster

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