PNM disertation

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A Study On

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT

Under

HINDUSTAN ZINC LIMITED (VEDANTA)

A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment for the

The Post Graduate Diploma in Rural Development

By

Punam Kumari

Roll No. - 66 Session- 2010-2012

Under the Supervision of

Rev. Fr. (Dr.) Alexius Ekka, SJ

Director, XISS, Ranchi

DEPARTMENT OF RURAL MANAGEMENT

XAVIER INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SERVICE

PURULIA ROAD, RANCHI

MARCH 2012


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APPROVAL SHEET

This is to certify that the dissertation titled Impact Assessment of Livestock Management has

been prepared by Punam Kumari in partial fulfillment of the Post Graduation Diploma in Rural

Development.

This embodies data collected and analyzed by the candidate under the guidance ofRev. Fr. (Dr.)

Alexius Ekka, SJ, Director, Xavier Institute of Social Service, Ranchi and it is hereby

approved as indicating the proficiency of the candidate.

. ...

Rev. Fr. (Dr.) Alexius Ekka, SJ (Guide) Prof. M.H. Ansari

(H.O.D, Rural Development)

..

(External Examiner) Rev. Fr. (Dr.) Alexius Ekka, SJ

(Director, XISS)


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CONTENTS

Approval Sheet.i

List of Figures..

v

Acronyms..viii

Acknowledgementix

Executive Summary.x

CHAPTER PAGE NO.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 5

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY OF STUDY 7

3.1 Methods of Research 7

3.2 Selection of samples and sample size 7

3.3 Objectives of study 7

3.4 Variables of study 8

3.5 Methods for collecting Primary Data 8

CHAPTER 4: ORGANIZATIONAL AND STUDY AREA PROFILE

10

4.1. Vision 10


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4.2. Mission 10

4.3. Approach and strategy 10

4.4. Area of study 11

4.5. Group social policy 12

4.6. Corporate Social Responsibility 12

CHAPTER 5: FINDING AND ANALYSIS 14

5.1. Livestock possessed 14

5.2. Types of shed 15

5.3. Livestock assets in all units 16

5.4. Calf details 20

5.5. Uses of livestock in all units 24

5.6. A.I. activity 30

5.7. Vaccination activity details in all units 34

5.8. De-worming activity details in all units 37

5.9. Mode of treatment details of all units 39

5.10. Infertility treatment camp activity details of all units 39

5.11. Fodder demonstration activity details in all units 40

5.12. Farmer exposure visit activity details of all units 42

5.13. Insurance activity details of all units 45

5.14. Problem details of all units 46


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CHAPTER 6: SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 49

6.1 Suggestions 49

6.2 Recommendations 51

CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION 54

Bibliography I

Annexure II


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LIST OF FIGURES PAGE NO.

Figure 5.1: Livestock possessed in all units 15

Figure 5.2: Types of shed 16

Figure 5.3.1: Livestock assets in RDM unit 17

Figure 5.3.2: Livestock assets in ZM unit 18

Figure 5.3.3: Livestock assets in ZSD unit 18

Figure 5.3.4: Livestock assets in RAM unit 20

Figure 5.3.5: Livestock assets in CLZS unit 20

Figure 5.4.1: Calf details of RDM unit 21

Figure 5.4.2: Calf details of ZM unit 22

Figure 5.4.3: Calf details of ZSD unit 23

Figure 5.4.4: Calf details of RAM unit 24

Figure 5.4.5: Calf details of CLZS unit 24

Figure 5.4.6: Calf details in Billiya village 25

Figure 5.5.1 (a): Use of livestock in RDM unit 25

Figure 5.5.1 (b): Details of livestock product and sale in RDM unit 26

Figure 5.5.2 (a): Use of livestock in ZM unit 26

Figure 5.5.2 (b): Details of livestock product and sale in ZM unit 27

Figure 5.5.3 (a): Use of livestock in ZSD unit 27

Figure 5.5.3 (b): Details of livestock product and sale in ZSD unit 27

Figure 5.5.4 (a): Use of livestock in RAM unit 28


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Figure 5.5.4 (b): Details of livestock product and sale in RAM unit 28

Figure 5.5.5 (a): Use of livestock in CLZS unit 29

Figure 5.5.5 (b): Details of livestock product and sale in CLZS unit 30

Figure 5.5.6 (a): Unit wise A.I activities details (HZLs Target and Achievement) 30

Figure 5.5.6 (b): Unit wise A.I activities details (from survey) 31

Figure 5.5.6 (c): Unit wise A.I activities details in cow and buffalo (our coverage) 32

Figure 5.6.1 (a): A.I in livestock in all units (includes repeat and confirm pregnancy)

33

Figure 5.6.1 (b): Breed wise A.I details in livestock in all units 34

Figure 5.7 (a): Unit wise Vaccination activities details (HZls Target and Achievement)

35

Figure 5.7 (b): Unit wise Vaccination activities details (from survey) 35

Figure 5.7 (c): Unit wise HS Vaccination activities coverage details in % (from survey)

36

Figure 5.7 (d): Unit wise BQ Vaccination activities coverage details in % (from survey)

36

Figure 5.7 (e): Unit wise FMD Vaccination activities coverage details in % (from survey)

37

Figure 5.8 (a): Unit wise De-worming activities details (HZLs Target and Achievement)

38

Figure 5.8 (b): Unit wise De-worming activities details (from survey) 38


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Figure 5.9: Mode of treatment in all units (from survey) 39

Figure 5.10: Unit wise Infertility Treatment Camp activities details (from survey)

40

Figure 5.11 (a): Unit wise fodder demonstration activities details (HZLs target and

achievement) 40

Figure 5.11 (b): Unit wise fodder demonstration activities details (from survey) 40

Figure 5.12 (a): Unit wise farmer exposure visit activities details (HZLs target and

achievement) 41

Figure 5.12 (b): Unit wise farmer exposure visit activities details (from survey) 42

Figure 5.12.1 (a): Unit wise farmer training programme activities details (HZLs target

and achievement) 44

Figure 5.12.1 (b): Unit wise farmer training programme activities details (from survey)

44

Figure 15.13 (a): Unit wise insurance activities details (HZLs target and achievement)

46

Figure 15.13 (b): Unit wise insurance activities details (from survey) 46

Figure 5.14: Problems details in all the units 47


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ACRONYMS

A.I. Artificial Insemination

BAIF Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundations

BQ Black Quarter

CLZS Chanderiya Lead Zinc Smelter

CP Confirm Pregnancy

FMD Foot and Mouth Disease

HF Holstein Friesian

HS Hemorrhagic Septicemia

HZL Hindustan Zinc Limited

ND Non Descriptive

PD Pregnancy Diagnosis

RAM Rampura Agucha Mines

RDM Rajpura Dariba Mines

ZM Zawar Mines

ZSD Zinc Smelter Debari


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of study has never been possible without the valuable supportand contribution of many people and institutions. First of all I would like to express

gratitude to my dissertation guide Rev. Fr. (Dr.) Alexius Ekka, SJ, Director XISS, since

without his support, it would not have been possible for me to complete this endeavor. I

am highly indebted to him for his precious words of wisdom that inspired me. I am

sincerely thankful for both his suggestion as well as appreciation, which have made me

more proficient.

I would also like to show my gratitude to Prof. Niranjan Sahoo, Summer PlacementCoordinator, and a faculty of Department of Rural Management for providing me

opportunity to undertake the dissertation as a part of my two year postgraduate course.

I would like to thank Prof. M. H. Ansari, Head of Department of Rural Development for

supporting throughout my dissertation work.

I am immensely thankful and convey my sincere gratitude to Mr. Bherulal Sukhwal and

Mr. D. S. Chouhan, my guide at organization for supporting, guiding and providing

suggestions at every stage of the study.

My sincere thanks to all field workers at Hindustan Zinc Limited for helping me in my

field visits. My heartfelt thanks to few of my colleagues who assisted me all through the

compilation of the thesis.

Punam Kumari

Session 2010-12


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many valuable impacts and improved the condition of livestock in the area. Limitations

of the Programme were also highlighted in the report and some recommendations and

suggestions were given so that by following the report overcoming the limitations the

Programme could be improved further.

The findings showed that nearly 98% sample farmers were aware of FMD and HS and at

the same time nearly 99% cattle were artificially inseminated in an effective manner.

The credit of this awareness goes to Hindustan Zinc Limited because the farmers feel that

it is Hindustan Zinc Limited has who made them conscious by providing livestock caring

facilities and knowledge sharing.

During the interview schedule when local people were questioned about the contribution

of HZL for livestock management, they cooperated in all possible manners. Few people

had an opinion that if after three or four years, HZL would charge 20 to 50% of the total

cost incurred on one artificial insemination, then they would have no problem in paying

the amount. A few cattle owners were unaware of the activities carried out by HZL at the

same time a few people were aware of it but they were never a part of it. During the study

it is found that they also wanted to be a part of HZL for imparting awareness among other

cattle owners.

Completing a study in limited time itself is a challenge for any researcher and as a young

researcher I did my best to complete the whole research as scheduled. As a researcher, I

have learnt from the study about different breeds of cows, buffalos and other livestock

management aspects like maintenance, information about different cattle diseases and its

effect. I acquired clear understanding about how livestock would be a livelihood option

which would ultimately develop socio economic condition of a society.


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The significance of the livestock management at Hindustan Zinc Limited was to work on

critical issues hampering the growth of the livestock sector which were non-availability

of feed and fodder, healthcare and market outlets, timely technical guidance and

information on disease outbreaks.

HZL worked with cattle owners to change their mindset about cattle farming is also as

beneficial as agriculture farming by giving them a thought to transforming their problems

into opportunity. For future prospect they imbibed this thinking to cattle owner about

opening dairy farm by educating them on different issue of livestock. HZL gave has

given them opportunity to know cattle farming in different states.

Animal husbandry has potential to provide food and nutritional security. HZLs major

objective was to breed low yielding, nondescript cattle and buffaloes with genetically

superior exotic or improved Indian breeds while ensuring genetic improvement of elite

native breeds. The newly born high yielding cows and buffaloes are a reliable source of

livelihood generation. The means of income works even in drought prone areas.

The main areas of intervention by Hindustan Zinc Limited was to improve the livestock

progeny by providing facilities like artificial insemination (A.I.) services, animal health

service, training and extension services.

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

Artificial Insemination (A.I.) is a popular, simple and inexpensive treatment of infertility

in animals, in which the sperm from the male is collected and introduced artificially into

the reproductive tract of the female for conception.

A.I. Technique

The process of artificial insemination in cattle involves the deposition of semen in the

vagina of the cow, at the most appropriate time for acceptable conception rates. This is

the same way conception is achieved after natural mating. However, this technique has

been altered due to its low conception rates and high requirement of sperms. As a result,

another technique called 'recto-vaginal technique' is quite popular today. This technique

involves the insertion of a disposable, sterile catheter containing thawed semen into the


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vagina of the cow. The catheter is then guided into the spiral folds of the cervix into the

uterus, with the help of a gloved hand in the rectum. Some part of the semen is deposited

inside the uterus, while the rest of it is left in the cervix as the catheter is withdrawn.

In this process the animal are inseminated by frozen semen with the help of artificial

instrument called A.I. gun. A.I. is a tool of breed improvement in animals. In this method

of breeding the nondescript & low genetic potential animal (mostly cows and buffaloes)

are inseminated by frozen semen of high yielding cows and buffaloes respectively. It

results in birth of cross breed progeny from nondescript animal which is much better in

terms of milk production & reproduction capacity in comparison to its mother. In India

and Rajasthan the most popular cross breeds are Holstein Friesian and Jersey (Milk

production is 6000 lit. in lactation period of 300 days) in cows and Murrah in buffaloes.

In the process of artificial insemination first of all heat detection of animal is performed

by A.I. worker by rectal palpation, then A.I. gun is loaded from frozen semen after

thawing ( Process by which semen is brought up to atmospheric temperature to activate

the sperm) and Finally insemination of animal.

After two or three month of artificial insemination the animals are examined for confirm

pregnancy i.e. called Pregnancy Diagnosis and after the end of gestation period of animal

it gives birth to a cross breed calf.

Advantages of Artificial Insemination

The advantages of artificial insemination in cattle are as follows:

Quality Sires:

During natural breeding, males deposit more than the theoretically required quantities of

semen into the female's reproductive tract for conception. A.I. method involves dilution

of collected semen so as to create hundreds of doses from one ejaculate. Thus, A.I. makes

superior sire semen to be available to hundreds of female cows. Artificial insemination in

dairy cattle leads to sires of inheritance for butter fat and milk production.


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Decreased Costs and Increased Safety:

Bulls are bigger and stronger than cows and generally quite difficult to handle around the

farm. Their aggressive nature can make them potential threats on the farm. However, A.I.

eliminates the need to have a bull on the farm, as semen can be easily transported to

various geographical areas. They can also be stored for a long period of time, which

means the semen from a male can be used even after a bull's natural reproductive life

ends. Since maintaining males costs quite a bit, A.I. decreases the overall costs on the

farm.

Reduction in Disease Transmission:

The transfer of venereal diseases is quite likely to happen during natural mating. Certain

pathogens can be transferred via the semen into the female, during A.I. as well, however,

the screening done after semen collection prohibits this transfer.

Genetic Selection Improvement:

Since once released semen from male cattle is enough to produce more than hundreds of

offspring, the best few males can be selected for breeding. This helps maintain the vigor

of the cattle breed. Artificial insemination in beef cattle helps maintain the genetic pool,

thereby obtaining the right strain of beef cattle required for meat production.

Despite all the pros, A.I. do have its share of cons. Artificial insemination in cattle

requires dexterity, patience, knowledge, experience as well as specialized equipments.

Improper ways of carrying out A.I. in animal species, such as improper sterilization of

equipments, insanitary conditions, etc. can nullify the efforts taken to obtain conception.

The severe climatic conditions prevalent in most parts of India make transportation and

preservation of semen difficult. Moreover, the need for superior germ plasm has reduced

the market for bulls.


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India is characterized by the dry land/rain fed land that constitutes about 70% of the

arable land. These areas face great instability in crop production due to erratic and

inadequate rainfall. In the face of uncertainties in the crop production due to dry land/

rain fed farming, livestock production has been found to provide economic stability to the

farmers. The dry land/rain fed land can sustain livestock better than crop production

(Perumal, M. et al.).

Livestock sector is a major factor in fulfilling the fat and protein requirement of a

growing population. Against a world average of 25 grams per person per day of animal

protein in diet, the Indian diet contains just 10gm. As such, the development of livestock

is essential for maintaining the nutritional level, particularly of growing children and

nursing mothers. This sector contributes 5.59 per cent of Indias GDP. It provides regular

employment to about 11 million in principal status and 8 million in subsidiary status and

8 million in subsidiary status. Women constitute 69 per cent of the labour force in

livestock section (Economic Survey, India, 2002-03, p.163).

Livestock products belong to one such category of commodities, which if not handled

properly, can perish soon. Further, unhygienic methods of handling of livestock products

and produce from diseases animals also make the produce sub-standard in the

international market. Organised slaughter of animal forms a negligible proportion. Most

slaughter takes place in unorganised sector in clandestine ways in backyards and streets.

Even in the case of official municipal abattoirs, modern facilities and hygienic conditions

are not provided (Bhanja, S. K. 2000).


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CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

The researcher used the interview and the observation method to carry out the whole

study. The interview method helped to learn about a sample population whereas

observation method helped the researcher to gather more information in less time.

3.1 Methods of Research

The researcher prepared different interview schedules for the villagers and stakeholders.

Researcher used the sample survey method & at the same time kept eyes & ears opened

and hence observed their activities simultaneously.

3.2 Selection of Samples and sample size

Target villages for study were selected on the basis of taking core villages which were

nearer to Hindustan Zinc Limited (HZL) within the radius of 4 km. So the selection of

sample was done purposely after taking care of some factors. The researcher took care

that the selection criteria of the sample did not affect the study and there would not be

any kind of biasness in the selection process. The Programme was running in four

districts of Rajasthan, which covers 26 villages of the Hindustan Zinc limited working in

different areas. For the study all twenty six villages were taken. From four districts in

which 20% of beneficiaries were taken as sample for data collection and in some villages

50% beneficiaries were taken.

3.3 Objectives of the study

Every study starts with some objective to achieve. Although, the programme was running

by HZL from last two years, it never got evaluated. And by completion of the study itwas expected to achieve following objectives-

To generate information to strengthen existing planning which can bring major

changes in livelihoods, which was focus on understanding of the livestock as

second livelihood option.


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To generate baseline data on livestock, livelihood and socio-economic condition

of the targeted villages so as to understand the socio-economic status and income

generation customs of the cattle owners.

To collect information on the disasters, diseases and outbreak of livestock and to

find out the impact of livestock on the economy of the concerned areas.

3.4 Variables of Study:

Activities undertaken during the period by the researcher:-

Door step services of artificial insemination, PD (pregnancy diagnosis), calf

verification, calf rearing & management in cows & buffaloes for breed

improvement.

Organization of farmers training programme for awareness of integrated livestock

development programme.

Health coverage through de-worming (4 times) & vaccination (H.S., FMD &

B.Q.) (2 times).

Infertility & treatment camps including general diseases and nutritional support to

milching animals.

Concentrated feed support to pregnant animals & female calf.

Fodder demonstration programme in cultivated & waste land.

Insurance of cross breed & improved breed of cow & buffaloes female calf.

3.5: Methods for collecting Primary Data:

1. Interview Method The researcher adopted interview method to interview who

were main beneficiaries as well those who were less involved in the activites of

HZL. The people in villages gave a clear understanding of the actors and factors inimpact of livestock management.

2. Questionnaire & Schedule Methods Both the questionnaire & schedule which

Researcher prepared comprised of a list of questions arranged in a sequence

pertaining to the investigation. This supplemented researcher in the dissertation by

asking questions regarding households, income, A.I, vaccination, livestock asset,


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and activities involved in training and camps from which the information thus

obtained were tabulated.

3. Observation MethodTheresearcher collected information by way of observing

people and their activities for more reliable data. Type of shed, economic status,

education level etc, were observed closely by researcher for negligible human

errors.


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CHAPTER 4

ORGANIZATIONAL PROFILE AND THE PROFILE OF

THE LOCALE

Hindustan Zinc Ltd. (HZL) is a vertically integrated natural resources enterprise,

headquartered at Udaipur, Rajasthan, and has broad operations ranging from exploration,

mining, ore processing to smelting of non-ferrous metals The company is India's largest

lead and zinc producer.

4.1 Vision

Being regarded as a socially responsible corporate entity at par with global standards.

4.2 Mission

Facilitate collaborative development for improving the quality of life of people at large,

particularly in the neighborhood and state for achieving business goals and reputation

management.

4.3 Approach and Strategy

Companys approach towards community development is holistic, robust, integrated,

intensive, long term and sustainable; based on the Public Private Partnership (PPP)

model. They use intensive intervention in select villages identified through an indicator

driven process designated as the Integrated Village Development Program. In all other

villages they have an extensive approach. Internal reviews and social audits are

periodically conducted to facilitate transfer of autonomy to the villages and expand their

reach.

They measure their social and economic impacts, engage openly with communities and

other stakeholders and aim to contribute to the development of sustainable communities.

Corporate Social Responsibility is an integral part of their business which is accorded as

much important as a business project. They have undertaken several projects for


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times CSR roles and responsibilities of large corporations have been explicitly identified

and evolved world-wide. In order to minimize the incidence of corporate governance

problems, guidelines and codes based on country experiences are being adopted both by

developed and developing countries. In fact, even before the world-wide debate started

some large companies and multinationals all over the world were already engaged in

corporate philanthropy.

However, as the community and stakeholders expectations become more and more

diverse, it became necessary to mandate the corporation to respond to these requirements.

Since the 1990s a number of developments such as increasing democratization of

governments, creation of newer social and economic institutions, rapid growth of

volunteerism in the form of non-profit organizations, rapid growth of volunteerism in the

form of non-profit organizations, increasing consumer awareness, focus on the need for

reducing poverty, dealing with the human rights issues, among others, have reinforced

the need to articulate policies and actions to incorporate corporate action and emphasized

the concept and practice of corporate responsiveness. Since corporations have social

obligation, the concept of corporate social performance has been advocated which would

enable the corporations to focus on the required content of corporate social action.

The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) has defined

corporate social responsibility as the commitment of business to contribute to

sustainable economic development. The primary purpose of CSR is to engage with the

internal and external stakeholder.

CSR is concerned with treating the stakeholders of the firm ethically or in a socially

responsible manner. The aim of social responsibility is to create higher standards of

living, while preserving the profitability of the corporation.

CSR measures should focus on benefiting people and communities other than those

whom they (the company) are contractually obliged to, namely, those who are socially

and/or economically disadvantages.


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Figure 5.2: Types of shed in all units.

5.3. Livestock Assets in all units

5.3.1. Livestock Assets in RDM unit

Total number of samples covered in this unit was five from each village taking different

parameter. This figure shows the details of assets both of hybrid and local breed in Dariba

unit. Local breed of buffalo is higher in number than hybrid and in more in number in

Mahenduriya village which is nearest village to Hindustan zinc limited.

Figure 5.3.1. (a): Livestock assets in RDM Unit.

Straw Shed Having Tiles Roof In Home

Cow, Bullock, Buffalo,Goat

Dariba 33 2 0

Zawar 16 1 1

Debari 8 9 0

Agucha 15 1 4

Chanderia 11 9 0

05

1015

20253035

Households

Types of Shed

Naya

Dariba

Mahend

uriya

Mata ji

khera

Sindesar

khurd

Suneria

kherRajpura

Makhan

puria

cow local 4 5 2 2 2 9 5

cow hybrid 6 5 6 3 4 1 1

buffalo local 9 16 1 3 5 8 3

buffalo hybrid 2 3 3 3 6 0 9

0

2468

1012141618

cow local

cow hybrid

buffalo local

buffalo hybrid


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5.3.2. Livestock Assets in ZM Unit

In ZM unit, the sample size for each village was five and it was observed that the number

of no. of hybrid cow and buffalo had been observed more in Oda village which is an

additional village as compared to other villages. It can be also seen from figure no. 5.3.2.

that the no. hybrid cows were more as compared to hybrid buffaloes that was 18 .

As it can be seen in the graph local breed of cow and buffalo were more than hybrid cow

and buffalo in Zawar unit.

Figure 5.3.2 : Livestock assets in ZM unit

5.3.3 Livestock Assets in Debari Unit

Debari was observed to have the highest number of hybid cows as compared to hybrid

buffalos among which gowala futia scored more value than other village. The sample size

for each village took by researcher for study was five which showed that there was no

hybrid cow and buffaloes in Godwa.

Rawa Kanpur NewatalaiKrishanpu

ra

Singatwad

aOda

Cow (Local) 1 8 5 9 4 1

Cow (Hybrid) 0 2 0 3 3 10

Buffalo (Local) 0 4 6 3 6 1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Numbers

Livestock assets in Zawar unit


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Figure 5.3.5 : Livestock assets in CLZS Unit.

5.4. Calf details in all unit

5.4.1. Calf Details in RDM unit:

Calf baby was sold in Makkanpuria only among all sample took by researcher which can

be seen in figure 5.4.1 which was five from each village. No. of calf were found more in

Rajpura village. In this unit cattle owners prefer to retain calf. Out of 24 calvess, there

was only one male calf which has been sold in Rs. 10,000.00.

Figure 5.4.1: Calf details of RDM unit.

Local Hybrid Local Hybrid

Cow Buffalo

Billia 9 7 2 3

Salera 5 6 15 40

Ganeshpura 8 2 10 6

Mungga ka Khera 6 7 9 7

05

10152025

30354045

Numbers

Livestock assets in Chanderia unit

Naya

Dariba

Mahendu

riya

Mata ji

Khera

Sindesar

Khurd

Suneria

KheraRajpura

Makhanp

uria

Calf Retained 0 4 4 2 2 6 5

Calf sold 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Numbers

Calf details in Dariba unit


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5.4.7 Use of Livestock in RAM unit:

In Agucha Unit, the total number of milching cow were observed more in Khedapalola

and Sultanpura village as can be seen in figure no. 5.5.4 (a). The number of milching

buffalo were found more in Rampura as compare to other villages. As it can be seen from

the graph that total number of milching cow was observed more as compared to milching

buffalo.

Figure 5.5.4 (a): Use of Livestock in RAM Unit.

In Agucha unit, milk production was good in all villages of Agucha with respect to other

villages. The maximum sell of milk was in Rampura village. Milk selling was thealternate livelihood option for the farmers as shown in figure no. 5.5.4 (b).

Rampura Khedapalola Sultanpura Khatikheda

Cow 0 7 10 10 3

Buffalo 0 6 2 3 3

Total 13 12 13 6

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

No.ofmilchingcattles

Use of livestock in Agucha unit


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5.6.1. A.I. activities details of all units:

Artificial insemination (A.I.) was main activity in all units. Repeat was done in case the

A.I. was not successful first time and it is shown in figure that its frequency decreased

and chances of confirmed pregnancy (C.P.) increased in all units. Utmost number of A.I.

was there in Dariba unit and least repeat of A.I took place in Zawar.

Figure 5.6.1 (a): A.I. in livestock in allUnits (includes Repeat and confirm pregnancy)

Different breed of livestock in which A.I. was done in buffalo was Murrah and in cow

were Gir, H.F., Jersey. N.D. (non-descript) was huge in number in Dariba. Murrah and

H.F. was mostly preferred by cattle owner in all units due its high milk production. After,

H.F. other breed which preferred was Gir because of its disease resistant ability.

In Dariba unit, total number of Murrah 23, Jersy 10, H.F. 20 and N.D. 59. In

Mahenduriya village, H.F. is more in number. In Makkhanpuria and Suneriya khera

village, maximum no. of Murrah was found.

Murrah Gir H.F jersey N.DDariba 23 0 22 10 59

zawar 16 4 14 4 5

Dabari 13 1 25 5 7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Dariba

zawar

Dabari


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Figure 5.6.1 (b): Breed wise A.I. details in livestock in all Units.

5.7Vaccination activities in all units

Vaccination takes place twice a year in all five units for HS, BQ and FMD. HZLs target

and achievement can be seen from figure 5.7 (a). Total universe size as per HZLs

achievement was researcher target in figure no. 5.7 (b) and for this researcher took five

samples from each village in each unit for which three figure can be seen one for HS in

figure no. 5.7 (c),for BQ in figure no. 5.7 (d) and in case of FMD in figure no. 5.7 (e).

The highest target was achieved by Dariba.

Murrah Gir H.F jersey N.D

Dariba 23 0 22 10 59zawar 16 4 14 4 5

Dabari 13 1 25 5 7

Agucha 13 9 14 3 7

chanderia 17 3 12 4 1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Dariba

zawar

Dabari

Agucha

chanderia


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35

Figure 5.7 (a): Unit wise Vaccination activities details (HZLs Target and Achievement)

Note: The reason behind more than 100% achievement by all units except ZSD unit was

that, earlier this programme was running as a pilot programme and it ran successfully and

with the intervention in core village it added more than 100% in their Vaccination

activities.

T A % T A % T A %

H.S B.Q. F.M.D.

CLZS 250 1244 497.60 250 1244 497.60 250 800 320.00

ZSD 800 750 93.75 800 750 93.75 1200 800 66.67

ZM 200 240 120.00 200 240 120.00 200 380 190.00

RAM 300 640 213.33 300 640 213.33 300 344 114.67

RDM 0 1500 1500 0 1500 1500 0 1000 1000

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

NUMBERRS

UNITWISE VACCINATION ACTIVITIES


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Figure 5.7 (b): Unit wise Vaccination activities details (from survey)

Figure 5.7 (c): Unit wise H.S. Vaccination activities coverage details in % (from survey)

Total

universe size

as per HZL's

achievement

our coverage %

Total

universe size

as per HZL's

achievement

our coverage %

Total

universe size

as per HZL's

achievement

our coverage %

H.S. B.Q. F.M.D.

CLZS 1244 178 14.31 1244 178 14.31 800 178 22.25

ZSD 750 86 11.47 750 86 11.47 800 86 10.75

ZM 240 81 33.75 240 81 33.75 380 81 21.32

RAM 640 72 11.25 640 72 11.25 344 72 20.93

RDM 1500 126 8.40 1500 126 8.40 1000 126 12.60

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

INNUMBERS

UNITWISE OUR COVERAGE IN VACCINATION ACTIVITIES

14.3111.47

33.75

11.258.4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

CLZS ZSD ZM RAM RDM

UNITWISE H.S. COVERAGE (in %)

H.S. (in %)


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Figure 5.7 (d): Unit wise BQ Vaccination activities coverage details in % (from survey)

Figure 5.7 (e): Unit wise FMD Vaccination activities coverage details in percentage

(from survey)

5.8De-worming activities details of all units:

De-worming was vital activity of Hindustan zinc limited (HZL) similar to vaccination

which was organized two times in a year. Figure 5.8 (a) shows total achievement of HZL

with respect to its target. Total target achieved by researcher is shown in Figure 5.8 (b) and

14.3111.47

33.75

11.258.4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

CLZS ZSD ZM RAM RDM

UNITWISE B.Q. COVERAGE (in %)

B.Q. (in %)

22.25

10.75

21.32 20.93

12.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

CLZS ZSD ZM RAM RDM

UNITWISE F.M.D. COVERAGE (in %)

F.M.D. %


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(c) which shows that maximum number of samples was undertaken by researcher under

study in all respective units.

Note: The reason behind more than 100% achievement in CLZS, ZSD and RDM units was

that, earlier this programme was running as a pilot programme and it ran successfully and

with the intervention in core village it added more than 100% in their de-worming

activities.

Figure 5.8 (a): Unit wise De-worming activities details (HZLs Target and Achievement)

Figure 5.8 (b): Unit wise De-worming activities details (from survey)

CLZS ZSD ZM RAM RDM

TARGET 450 1600 200 300 475

ACHIEVE 530 1200 200 300 622

% 117.78 75 100 100 130.95

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

INNUM

BERS

UNITWISE DE-WORMING ACTIVITIES

CLZS ZSD ZM RAM RDM

Total universe size as per HZL's

achievement530 1200 200 300 622

our coverage 137 83 48 72 118

% 25.85 6.92 24 24 18.97

0

200400600800

100012001400

INNUMBERS

UNITWISE OUR COVERAGE IN DEWORMING

ACTIVITIES


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Figure 5.10 (a): Unit wise Infertility Treatment camp activities details (HZLs Target and

Achievement)

Figure 5.10 (b): Unit wise Infertility Treatment Camp activities details (from survey)

5.11 Fodder Demonstration activities details of all units:

Green fodder demonstration was another vital activity in which seeds were distributed

among cattle owners who had land so that they can utilize maximum from it and through

it awareness among other cattle owner was generated. Fodder demonstration activity

achievement with respect to its target is shown in figure 5.11 (a) of Hindustan zinc

limited.

CLZS ZSD ZM RAM RDM

TARGET 20 20 16 20 30

ACHIEVE 20 20 16 20 30

% 100 100 100 100 100

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

INNUM

BERS

UNITWISE I.T. CAMP

CLZS ZSD ZM RAM RDM


achievement20 20 16 20 30

our coverage 9 9 8 9 10

% 45 45 50 45 33.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

INNUMBERS

UNITWISE OUR COVERAGE IN I.T. CAMP


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44

Figure 5.12.1 (a): Unit wise farmer training programme activities details (HZLs target

and achievement)

Figure 5.12.1 (b): Unit wise farmer training programme activities details (from survey)

CLZS ZSD ZM RAM RDM

TARGET 65 125 25 75 150

ACHIEVE 65 75 25 75 100

% 100 60 100 100 66.67

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

INNUMBERS

UNITWISE FARMER TRAINING PROG.

CLZS ZSD ZM RAM RDM


achievement65 75 25 75 100

our coverage 10 6 8 11 28

% 15.38 8 32 14.67 28

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

INNUMBERS

UNITWISE OUR COVERAGE IN F.T.P.


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47

Figure 5.14: Problems details in all the units.

GENERAL FINDINGS:

In each unit maximum number of H.F and Murrah breed is there. Maximum

number of hybrid cow is there as compared to hybrid buffaloes.

In Agucha unit, maximum number of Gir is there as compared to other unit.

Those villages in which A.I. took place in maximum number had highest

production of milk and dairy work is more in those villages. Like in Oda (Zawar),

Salera (Chanderia), Sultanpura (Agucha), Bicchari and Govala Futia (Debari).

Vaccination took place in each village now and previously also at scheduled time.

Only one case of Galgotu found in Debari in Govala Futia village.

Cattle owner prefer modern treatment practice.

Tick is prevalent in all units but it is more prominent in Zawar unit.

In each unit cattle owner went to one of the training program like FTP (Farmer

Training Program), Anand Dairy (Gujarat) and Karnal (Haryana) organized by

HZL. Only in Agucha unit cattle owner went to Karnal training also.

Non

availability of

fodder

Scarcity of

fund

Lack of

knowledge

about health

and care

Poor

accessibility

of extension

Service

Other

Dariba 15 27 6 10 0

Zawar 20 10 5 17 0

Debari 7 2 2 0 0

Agucha 15 6 3 2 0

Chanderia 20 2 3 0 0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

No.ofBenificieries

Problems


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49

CHAPTER 6

SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 SUGGESTIONS

Awareness Program

Gender ratio of the area was good. Women were working in different activities of

livelihood. Male population was working in agriculture and wage labor. Therefore

women were engaged as second livelihood activities and currently they were raring the

livestock. And thus women should come forward for livestock development and

management activities. Literacy level was very good in that area and this would help tomake people aware about the livestock development and management. Therefore

facilitation of the awareness programme would be easier and healthy. Young populations

were good and that would help in the training programme. Youth could start livestock

based livelihood activities according to their convenience. Markets were available locally

so the people should be aware about the demand of the market so that they can be

motivated for livestock development and management.

Service Accessibility

Veterinary services should be accessible easily and training camps about health

management of livestock would make them aware about health of livestock. This would

result in livelihood activities based on livestock. The veterinary services should be made

more easily accessible as it would help to reduce the loss of animals due to seasonal

diseases. This will help in increasing the number of animals in household and reducing

subsequent losses due to serious diseases.

Market availability

The culture and tradition allow people to have livestock in their houses. But they are not

able to use it more for livelihood purpose. There is good market available but veterinary

services were poor. People were aware about management of the livestock and some of


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51

Livestock intensification will be a revolution for some people and motivating factor for

other people.

6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

Training

More skill oriented training could be organised for villagers so that they can take proper

care of the livestock and reduce the death toll due to seasonal diseases among the

livestock. Training could also be imparted on vermicompost and proper management

with maximum utilisation of its resources. Special programmes should be developed to

promote economic management of small ruminants by providing critical inputs and

services through their Self Help Groups and assisting in forward and backward linkages.

Health Care

Veterinarians should be encouraged to practice in close association with the villagers, to

take proper care of the livestock and go for routine checkups. In the past there have been

instances where due to lack of proper treatment by the veterinarians there has been death

of the cattle and so the people feel that if the cattle die even after the treatment then what

the use of availing treatment is? They feel that there is no use in investing for treatment

on their livestock. Their accessibility to avail benefits from the block level should be

made easier and simpler (as it was found that people avail minimal benefits from the

Block). When we enquired the Block office, the Veterinarian officer said that people did

not come to the block office/sub-centre at all. So there should be a connecting link to be

established.

Strategy for Feed Management

The animals mostly had open grazing system, and fewer households bought fodder from

outside regularly. Fodder was bought only when there was acute shortage that too during

the month of January to May so efforts should be made to develop pasture lands

involving local communities through soil and water conservation, introduction of


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53

Focus on Critical Areas:

Some of the critical issues hampering the growth of the livestock sector are non-

availability of feed and fodder, healthcare and market outlets, timely technical guidance

and information on disease outbreaks, price and supply of inputs and outputs and finance

for investment. These problems can be solved through Public-Private Partnership (PPP).

Hence the government should facilitate such schemes immediately. Voluntary agencies

can play a significant role in the success of PPP, as they can motivate the farmers to take

active part.

Card System:

For the records of A.I., fodder distribution, medicines, vaccination, de-worming and

insurance two cards should be made. One copy of card will be kept in HZL records and

another card will be given to the beneficiaries.

Documentary Film:

Different activities which are being done by HZL or must be needed for the betterment of

Livestock Management can be shown through this documentary film. This include

healthcare, sanitation, AI process, Pregnancy diagnosis test, delivery process, use of dung

and how to use the limited sources in the best possible manner.

Pictorial Presentation:

Discussion with farmers can be more effective during meeting if the pictorial presentation

will be done for all activities which are being implemented in their village. This may

include procedure, advantages, disadvantages, solutions of different activities.

Hoarding and wall painting:Hoarding and wall painting are the most important things which need to be implemented.

Most of the people are illiterate and unable to read leaflets or parcha so by seeing a

picture they will be able to understand.


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II

ANNEXTURE I

VILLAGE PANCHAYAT BLOCK DISTRICT

NAYA DARIBA KOTRI RAILMANGRA RAJSAMAND

MAHENDURIYA MAHENDURIYA RAILMANGRA RAJSAMAND

MATA JI KHERA KOTRI RAILMANGRA RAJSAMAND

SINDESAR KHURD RAJPURA RAILMANGRA RAJSAMAND

SUNERIA KHERA KABRA RAILMANGRA RAJSAMAND

RAJPURA RAJPURA RAILMANGRA RAJSAMAND

MAKKANPURIA KABRA RAILMANGRA RAJSAMAND

BICCHARI BICCHARI GIRWA UDAIPUR

GODWA BHALLOKA GODA GIRWA UDAIPUR

CHHODA GODA BHALLOKA GODA GIRWA UDAIPUR

GOVALA FUTIA BHAISRA KHURD GIRWA UDAIPUR

RAWA ZAWAR GIRWA UDAIPUR

KANPUR ZAWAR GIRWA UDAIPUR

NEWATALAI NEWATALAI SARADA UDAIPUR

SINGATWADA SINGATWADA SARADA UDAIPUR

KRISHANPURA SINGATWADA SARADA UDAIPUR

ODA SARADA SINGATWADA UDAIPUR

RAMPURA AGUCHA HURDA BHILWARA


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III

KHEDA PALOLA KHOTIA HURDA BHILWARA

SULTANPPURA BARDLA HURDA BHILWARA

KHATI KHEDA HURDA HURDA BHILWARA

GANESHPURA RASHMOR CHITTORGARH CHITTORGARH

BILLIYA NAGRI CHITTORGARH CHITTORGARH

MUNG KA KHERA PUTOLI GANGAR CHITTORGARH


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VIII

Goat

Sheep

Buffalo

Others

19. Availability of feed and fodder:

Sl. No. Is there

any

shortage

of fodder

(Yes/No)

Shortage

period

of fodder

Coping

mechanism

Storage facility

for the

fodder(Yes/No)

Coping

mechanism

Remark

Cow

Bullock

Goat

Sheep

Buffalo

Others

20. Investment on Livestock:

Type of

Livestock

Feed Shed Health Labor Tota

l

Net

Return

Remarks


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IX

Medicin Vaccin

ation

Insuranc

e

Cow

Bullock

Goat

Sheep

Buffalo

Others

21. Use of Livestock:

Type of

Livestock

Nos. Use of Livestock Manures

Milk Meat Other

Cow

Bullock

Goat

Sheep

Buffalo

Others

22. Livestock Economy


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X

A. Income from milk and meat (Livestock):

Anim

al

Sourc

e

Milk

(Yesterdays produce)?

(Manure)

Meat

(Monthly)

(Manure)

Tota

l

Valu

e

(Rs.)

Yiel

d

(L)

Own

Consu

mption

(L)

Sellin

g (L)

Unit

Price

(Rs./

L)

Mark

et/Pla

ce

Yiel

d

(KG

or

Nos.

)

Own

Consu

mption

(kg or

Nos.)

Sellin

g (kg

or

Nos.)

Unit

Price

(Rs/kg or

Rs/anima

l)

Mark

et/Pla

ce

B. Income from calf/baby Yes / No

Type of

animal

Calf/Baby

Retained

Calf/Baby

Sold

Unit price of

sale / Retained

Yearly

Earnings

Remarks

Cow

Bullock

Goat

Sheep


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XI

Buffalo

Others

23. Marketing System of Livestock

A. Regional marketing of livestock (Purchases):

Type of

Livesto

ck

mode of Marketing Place

of

Mark

et

Distanc

e from

the

Village

Variation of Price (Rs.) Re

mar

ks

Middl

e

man

Loca

l

Hart

Nearby

Market

Larges

Market

Middl

e man

Loca

l Hat

Nearb

y

Marke

t

Larges

t

Marke

t

Cow

Bullock

Goat

Sheep

Buffalo

Others

B. Regional marketing of livestock (Sales):


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XIV

Availability Yes/No Remarks (Specified)

Veterinary Center

Veterinary Inspector

Junior Veterinary Officer

Para Veterinary Officer

Vaccination of Animal

Information for vaccinating animals

Camp for livestock

Traditional Breeding Techniques

Modern Breeding Techniques (A.I.)

27.Vaccination:

Type of Diseases

(specify)

Treatment (Mode of Vaccinating) Remarks

Modern Traditional

New Castle

Foot and Mouth

(Fatua)

Loose Motion (Jhara),

Goat/ Sheep

Loose Motion (Cow,

Buffalo)

28. Capacity Building Training on Livestock Management:


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XVII

Service

5. Lack of Knowledge about

Commercial livestock

Management

6. Others

36. Problems faced during marketing of Livestock:

SN Problems faced (Ranking)* Remarks

1.Price

2.Knowledge about Market of

Livestock

3.Distance of the market

4.Transportation

5.Middlemen

*(1-7) Major problem will be ranked as 1 & so on

37. Is loan easily available from bank Yes /No

What do you want from their side to be done (please specify)


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XX

ANNEXTURE III

QuestionnaireStakeholders

A. Profile Information

Name of

respondent

District Name (tick)

Block Name

Village Name

a. State

(Tick only one

option)

1 2 3

4 5 6

b. Age < 25 2640 4155 > 55

b. working area

d. Highest

qualification

Illiterate Below

SSC

SSC/HSC Some college/

not graduate

Grad/PG

(general)

Grad/PG

(professional)

e. working post

f. workingexperience


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XXIV

9. What measures company needs to take to improve effectiveness of cattle owners/ farmers

meet?

D. HOARDING/WALL PAINTING

10.Did you ever noticed hoarding on your visit to village (specify town name)? (Please tick only

one option)

1. Yes 2. No

11.Which of the AI & Green Fodder brand hoarding you have seen on your way to village(specify name)? (Please tick only one option for each company)

S. No. Companies Yes No

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


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XXX

31. Livestock Health:

A. What are the major health problems/Diseases among the livestock?

Livestock Diseases/Infection Remark

Cow

Bullock

Goat

Buffalo

Others

B. Common Diseases (season wise):

Season Type of diseases Remarks

Summer

Monsoon

Winter

32. Treatment Practice:

Type Yes/No Remarks

Panchayat Level Veterinary

Hospital

Block Level Veterinary Hospital


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XXXI

Private Veterinary Doctor

Quack

Traditional method /Others

HZL (BAIF)

33.Availability of Veterinary Services:

Availability Yes/No Remarks (Specified)

Veterinary Center

Veterinary Inspector

Junior Veterinary Officer

Para Veterinary Officer

Vaccination of Animal

Information for vaccinating animals

Camp for livestock

Traditional Breeding Techniques

Modern Breeding Techniques

34.Vaccination:

Type of Diseases (specify) Treatment (Mode of Vaccinating) Remarks

Modern Traditional

New Castle

Foot and Mouth (Fatua)


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XXXII

B.Q.

ETV (Goat)

H.S.

Others

35. Capacity Building Training on Livestock Management:

Did you undergo any training programme? Yes /No

S.

N

Nature of training

(Veterinary/for

breeding/traditional etc.)

Name of the

Institutefrom which

the training

imparted

Duratio

n of thetraining

Learning

/Training

Imparted

(Yes/No)

Outcome Remarks

36. Do you require more training? Yes / No

If yes, specify the area to be trained? ______________________________________

37. Provision of credit facilities for the livestock:

Financial Help Yes/No Amount ( Rs.) Remarks

SHG

Local Moneylenders


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XXXIII

Bank

Relatives

38. Problem of Livestock Management?

Sl.

No.

Problem Yes/No Category of

problem*

Ways/ Means

for Solution

7. Non availability of fodder

8.

Scarcity of Fund

9. Lack of Knowledge about health and

care of Livestock

10. Poor accessibility of extension Service

11. Lack of Knowledge about Commercial

livestock Management

12. Others

39. Whether you are availing the insurance facilities? Yes/No

Any Agency Involved Yes/No

Any benefit received (Please specify)

What are the Problems (if any) encountered

Remarks:


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XXXIV

Date: - / /2011 Name of Interviewer: -

Signature

Accompanying Person: - Signature with Date

MOU ANNEXURE IV


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XXXV


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PNM disertation

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