PMP Study Cards

7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards

1/28

"With reserve analysis

what are two types of

reserves?"

,"contingency reserve - money

placed against a specific risky work

package

management reserve - separate

money that is not included in the

cost baseline"

a charter should document

what?

"business and customer needs

project purpose

project objects

success criteria

project description/reqsrisks/milestones/budgets

approval requirements

assigned project manager

name of sponsor"

attribute vs variable

sampling

in attribute sampling the

result conforms or itdoesn't. in variable

sampling a degree of

conformity is determined

basis of estimates should

include what?

"description of work (WBS)basis of estimate

assumptions

constraints

range of results

confidence level"


2/28

can work packages be

decomposed further?

"yes, they can become

activities or schedule

activities"

cost of quality

preventing defects is

believed to reduce overall

costs and is preferred over

costs of non-conformance

define McGregor's theory x

and y

"theory x states workers are

lazy so need top down controltheory y states that workers

are motivated so management

should focus on positive work

environment"

define product scope

"the features and functionsembodied in the product,

service or result. it's

measured against product

requirements."


3/28

define project scope

the management activities

required to deliver the

product service or result.

project scope is measuredagainst the project plan.

define quality

the degree to which a set of

inherent characteristics fulfill

requirements. quality andgrade are not the same thing.

think of the auto fuel example.

define risk

"an uncertain event or

condition that, if it occurs,can have either a positive

or negative effect on

project objectives"

describe effective listening

"asking for clarification

repeating what you heard

watching body language

maintaining eye contact"


4/28

describe the Delphi

technique

experts give responses to

questions anonymously.

results are summarized

and provided to the entiregroup

give examples of project

documents

"requirements documents

project logs

risk register

stakeholder register"

give some examples ofproject selection

mathematical models

"linear programming

dynamic programminginteger programming

multi-objective

programming"

list 3 key tools for Develop

Human Resource Plan

"org charts and position

descriptions

networking

organizational theory"


5/28

list cost estimate types and

their accuracy

"ROM -50% - +50%

Order of Magnitude -25% - +75%

Budget Estimates -10% - +25%

Definitive Estimates -5% - +10%"

list eight tools for

collecting requirements

"interviews

focus groups

facilitated workshops

group creativity techniques

group decision making

questionnaires and survey

observation

prototypes"

list eight tools for Develop

Schedule

"schedule network analysis

critical path method

critical chain methodresource leveling

what-if scenario analysis

applying leads and lags

schedule compression

scheduling tool (ie ms project)"

list five tools for manage

project team

"observation/conversationproject performance

appraisals

conflict management

issue log

interpersonal skills"


6/28

list four outputs of develop

schedule

"project schedule

schedule baseline

schedule data

project document updates"

list from pessimistic to

optimistic the four

schedule duration

estimating techniques

"MOST PESSIMISTIC

Monte Carlo Simulation

Three-point estimate

PERT

CPM ""single most likely""

MOST OPTIMISTIC"

list Maslow's hierarchy of

needs in ascending order

"physiological

safetysocial

self-esteem

self-actualization"

list seven sources of power

"legitimate/formalexpert

reward

referent

coercive

bureaucratic

interpersonal/charisma"


7/28

list six methods for

responding to conflict

"problem solving/confronting

collaborating

compromising

smoothing/accommodating

withdrawing/avoidingforcing"

list some activity

attributes.

"activity ID, WBS ID

Activity description

predecessor

successor

logical relationships

lead and lagsresource requirements

dates and constraints

assumptions

responsible resource (person)

geographic area"

list some dimensions of

communicating

"written v oral

verbal v non-verbalinternal v external

formal v informal

vertical v horizontal

official v unofficial"

list some general

communication skills

"active listening

questioning and probing

fact finding/manage expectations

persuading others

negotiating and resolving conflict

summarizing"


8/28

list three leadership styles

"autocratic

democratic

laissez-faire"

name examples of benefit

measurement model

"benefit-cost models

economic models

scoring models

comparative approaches

peer review

murder board"

PERT Equation (mo + (ml x 4) + lo) / 6

prevention vs inspection

prevention is keepingerrors out of the product

while inspection is keeping

errors away from the

customer.


9/28

rule of seven (quality)

when interpreting control charts if

seven or more observations in a row

fall on the same side of the mean or

if they trend Ina constant direction

they should investigated for anassignable cause.

six sigma rule99.9997% of outcomes

captured

tasks at the lowest level of

the WBS are called what?work packages

ten tools for quality control

"cause and effect diagram (fishbone)

control chartsflowcharts

histogram

Pareto chart

run chart

scatter diagram

statistical sampling

inspection

approved change request reviews"


10/28

three sigmaonly 99.7% percent of

outcomes captured

tolerance vs control limits

with tolerance the results are

acceptable. the process is in

control if it falls within control

limits but it may not be

acceptable. tolerance is the

stricter measure.

what are five key outputsfor direct and manage

project execution?

"deliverables (product)

work performance infochange requests

project plan updates


what are five tools for

estimating activity

durations

"expert judgement

analogous estimating

parametric estimating

three point estimates

reserve analysis"


11/28

what are four information

gathering techniques for

identifying risks?

"brainstorming

Delphi technique

interviewing

root cause analysis"

what are four key outputs

to create WBS?

"WBS

WBS Dictionary

Scope BaselineProject Document

Updates"

what are four key tools for

report performance?

"variance analysis

forecasting methods

communication methods

reporting systems"

what are organizational

process assets?

"all of an organization's

processes, policies,

procedures and knowledge

bases"


12/28

what are seven sources of

conflict (descending order

of likelihood)

"schedule

priorities

resources

technical opinions

admin procedures

cost

personalities"

what are the five key

inputs for sequenceactivities?

"activity list

activity attributes

milestone listproject scope statement

OPA"

what are the five projectmanagement process

groups?

"initiating, planning,

executing,

monitor&controlling and

closing"

what are the five stages of

team development

(Tuckman Model)

"FormingStorming

Norming

Performing

Adjourning"


13/28

what are the four types of

activity dependancies used

in PDM?

"finish to start

finish to finish

start to start

start to finish"

what are the nine

knowledge areas?

"integration

scope

time

cost

quality

human resource

communication

risk

procurement

""I Should Take Control and Quit Helping Customers

Ruin Projects"""

what are the sigmas?

"1 sigma is 68.3%

2 sigma is 99.5%

3 sigma is 99.7%

6 sigma is 99.9997%"

what are the three key

outputs for estimate

activity resources?

"activity resource requirements

RBS (resource breakdown

structure)



14/28

what are the three major

categories of reporting?

(report performance)

"status reports - where the project

stands, analyzing variance

progress reports - list of deliverables

completed or partially completed

forecasting - predicting future status,

earned value measures"

what are the three

methods of sharinginformation?

"interactive

communication

push communication

pull communication"

what are the three risk

factors?

"risk eventrisk probability

amount at stake"

what are the two

categories of project

selection methods?

"benefit measurment

models

mathematical models"


15/28

what are the two kinds of

scope

"product scope

project scope"

what are the two types of

evaluations?

"mid-project evaluation

post project/final

evaluations"

what are two approaches

to schedule compression?crashing and fast tracking

what are two types of

parametric estimates?

regression analysis and

learning curve


16/28

what does a cost

management plan

document?

"how estimates, budgets, controlling

are approached. it also includes

level of accuracy, units of

measure,organizational procedure

links, control thresholds,earned

value rules reporting formats and

process descriptions"

what does Learning Curve

estimation state?

each time we double the

number of times we've done

something the time it takes toperform the same task will

decrease in a regular pattern

what does team

development involve?

"improving the ability of the team

to contribute as individuals

improving team effectiveness

improving trust and cohesiveness"

what is a baseline an approved document


17/28

what is a discretionary

dependency?

an optional dependency

that is usually followed

because it is best practice.

what is a project charter?

a project charter is a

written document that

formally recognizes andauthorizes the existence of

a new project.

what is a project

management plan?

a formal approved

document used to manage

and control project

execution.

what is a requirements

traceability matrix?

a table that links each

requirement to a business

need or objective.


18/28

what is a risk triggera symptom or warning sign

that a risk is about to occur

what is a sunk cost

money already spent and so

can't be recovered. Sunk costs

should be ignored whendeciding to continue to spend

funds on the project.

what is a tight matrix? collocation of the team

what is a WBS?

"work breakdown structure

a deliverable-oriented

decomposition of the work inside

the scope of the project. work not in

the WBS is outside the scope of the

project."


19/28

what is always the first

thing a pm should do if a

change request arises?

evaluate the impact of the

change and then meet with

the team to discuss

alternatives

what is an external

dependency?

dependencies involving

interfaces outside of theproject.

what is an opportunity

cost?

the cost of choosing one

alternative so as to give up

the benefits of another

alternative

what is an orphaned task

"a task with no predecessor orsuccessor

this should never happen

except for the first and last

activity"


20/28

what is BCR

"benefit to cost ratio

1 is break-even

1 profitable"

what is bottom up

estimating?

estimates based on

summation of estimates of

decomposed activities.aggregation of estimates at

lower levels of WBS.

what is crashing?adding resources to criticalpath activities. this always

increases cost.

what is duration

estimating?

assessing the number of

work periods needed to

complete the activity


21/28

what is EEF?

"enterprise environmental factors

i.e. standards

infrastructure

market conditions, etc"

what is EPV?

"expected present value

considered multiple results

sum of the outcome x

probability for each

considered scenario"

what is fast tracking?

doing more activities on

parallel. this usually

increases risk because of

increased coordination.

what is GERT

"graphical evaluation andreview technique

a type of network diagram that

can handle loops and if-then

logic"


22/28

what is gold-plating?

providing a solution that

exceeds the original

requirements. considered

bad because it increasescost and scheduled time.

what is Kaizen?Japanese word for

continuous improvement

what is Kanbana communication methodthat supports just in time

(JIT) inventory control.

what is life cycle cost

"known as the total cost of

ownership. it includes the coat

of acquiring an item as well as

operating, maintaining and

disposal costs."


23/28

what is life cycle cost?

project costs plus delivery

and maintenance costs for

the product

what is MBO?

"management by objectives

a process for managing objectives

which includes 1) establish realisticand clear objectives 2) evaluate is

objectives are being met 3) take

action if needed"

what is NPV?

"net present value

a single dollar amount used to

represent the value of a project.

EPV (expected present value) is

typically used instead of NPV."

what is PDM

the precedencediagramming method also

called activity on node. it

Is a type of network

diagram.


24/28

what is regression

analysis?

statistical modeling that

represents parametric

relationships in a graphical

display

what is responsibility

assignment matrix?

RAM is the primary tool used

to display information about

roles and responsibilities. it

does not show timing of work.

what is scope verification

scope verification is the

process of obtaining formal

acceptance of the project

scope by the stakeholders

what is the 8/80 rule

all work packages (in

WBS) should be between 8

and 80 hours in duration.


25/28

what is the difference

between effective

communication and

efficient communication

"effective communication is

information in the right format at the

right time.

efficient communication is providing

only the information needed avoidinginformation overload. "

what is the least common

activity dependency usedin PDM!

start to finish

what is the most common

PDM activity dependency?finish to start

what is the one key output

for identify risks?the risk register


26/28

what is the payback

period!

the amount of time until

net accumulative cash

flows are greater than zero.

what is typically included

in a performance report?

"current status of work

milestones reached

scheduled activities

forecasts

issues that may require

decision or response"

what is. mandatory

dependency?

dependancies that must

occur in a certain orderwhich often involve

physical or technical

limitations of some kind.

what is. resource?"person, equipment,

material an facility"


27/28

what three baselines are

established by the project

plan?

"cost, schedule and scope"

what's in a project scope

statement?

"product scope description

product acceptance criteria

project deliverables

project exclusions

project constraints

project assumptions"

what's included in a

project management plan?

"scope management plan

requirements management plan

schedule management plan

cost management planquality management plan

process improvement plan

human resources plan

communication manage plan

risk management plan

procurement management plan"

what's the difference

between business risk and

insurable risk?

business risk can result in

either a gain or loss

whereas insurance risk

always will result in loss


28/28

when should a change

request be recorded in

written form?

always

when should a PM be

assigned?

"during development of the

charter, never later thanthe start of planning"

when should quality be

considered

"quality should bedesigned in, not inspected

in"

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