Plumbing for Kitchens & Baths Supply System Drain Waste and Vent.

Plumbing for Kitchens & Baths

Supply System

Drain Waste and Vent

Supply System

Water Meter Housing

Water Meter

supply

Water enters the house in ¾” to 1” pipe Pressure Reduction Valve 80psi coming in Reduce to 25 -30psi

Pressure Reduction Valve

Hot Water Heater Supply

Hot Water Heater-

gas

Hot Water Heater Supply

Electrical Water

heating can account for 14%–25% of the energy consumed in your home

Water heaters with higher energy factors cost less to run. Use this factor to compare the operation cost of various water heaters.

Web Resources

www.energytrust.org/residential/index.htmlwww.earthadvantage.org/

Tankless Versus Conventional

Tankless Hot Water Heaters

Hot Water Heater Supply

Heat Pump Water Heater Supply

How hot is Hot?

Cold to Cool – 60° to 98.6° Comfort Level – 98.6° - 105° (6.4°

Range) Uncomfortable – 105° - 115° Dangerous – 116° and higher

Controlling Hot

Pressure Balanced Fittings/ Temperature Limiting

Controlling Hot

Thermostatic Fittings

Supply Materials

Copper

K L M Grades

M Grade – thinnest grade used inside the home

L Grade – thicker pipe used for service

K Grade – thickest pipe used between water main and meter

Galvanized

Dielectric Union

Dielectric Union

CPVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride) supply

PVC Cold Water Only

Schedule 40 120psi Type 1, Grade 1

(White) Schedule 80 200psi Type 1, Grade 1

(Gray) Schedule 120 High Pressure and

Corrosion Resistant

PEX Polyethylene Cross-link

Traditional Water – Piping System

Manifold Distribution System

Floor Joist ModificationsNotching Floor Joists,

Rafters & Beams Depth of notch not to

exceed 1/6 depth of member

Width of notch not to exceed 1/3 depth of member

Notches not permitted in the center third of member

Notches at end not to exceed ¼ depth of member

Supply

If supplying water to 1-2 fixtures, use ½” water lines (A ¾” tub filler could be and exception.)

When supplying water to three or more fixtures or appliances use ¾” water line.

Plumbing Codes

Shield Plates are required for all but cast iron pipe within 1 ½” from the nearest edge of the framing member.

Plates must be 1/16” thick and extend 2” above the sole plate and below the top plate.

Pipes passing through footings or concrete walls must be protected by a pipe sleeve.

Plumbing Codes

Water drain and sewer pipes must be protected from freezing. At least 12” deep and at least 6” below the frost line. (Depends on county)

Testing of piping systems

Supply System Stop

½”¾”3/8”1/2”

Bath Design Considerations

Try to hide the stops when planning pedestal lavs.

Bath Design Considerations

Consider the finish when designing wall-hung or console lavatories

Bath Design Considerations

Consider the finish when selecting toilet trim

Bath Design Considerations

The stop for a standard toilet may need to be lowered for a low profile toilet

Bath Design Considerations

Some 1-piece toilets require a ½” stop rather than the typical 3/8” stop.

Bath Design Considerations

Every fixture should have a stop Be sure that stops will not interfere with proper

drawer function During a remodeling project always replace

existing stops, because of the low cost of stops, price should never be an issue.

Supply Pipe Sizes

House Main 1” House Service ¾” Riser ¾” Kitchen Sink ½” Ice Maker ¼” Shower ½” Tub, Spa, Whirlpool ½”, ¾” Toilet 3/8”, ½” Lavatory 3/8”, ½” Bidet 3/8”

Wet Walls

Sharing a Wet Wall

Drain Waste and Vent

DWV

DWV

DWV

Major differences between DWV and supply systems

DWV pipes are large to carry solid waste

DWV pipes slope downhill so gravity will remove the waste

DWV pipes have “soft” not sharp angles and turns

DWV Parts

Traps – Curved pipes that create a water seal to prevent sewer gasses from entering the home

DWV Parts

Drain-Piping – Horizontal pipes that carry waste for the fixtures and appliances.

Stacks – Vertical Pipes that drop the waste to lower levels of the home

House and Sewer Drains – Horizontal pipes that remove the waste from the home to the sewer or a septic tank and drain field.

Vent Stacks and Pipes – Pipes that will eventually extend through the roof of the home, preventing traps from being siphoned dry.

DRAIN PIPINGSTACKSHOUSE & SEWER DRAINS

TRAPSVENT STACKS & PIPES

Building Drain

Sewer Line

Materials used for DWV pipes

"[Oakum is] loose fibers obtained from old ropes which were then sold to the navy or other ship-builders - it was mixed with [pine] tar and used for caulking (sealing the lining) of wooden ships.

Materials used for DWV pipes

DWV

Horizontal Drain Piping – drops ¼” per foot

If 1/8” slope solid waste will settle in the pipe and create a dam.

If ½” slope or more liquid waste will flow over the solid waste without moving it along.

DWV Drain pipes vary in size

1 ¼” for small drains like bathroom lavatories

1 ½’ to 2” pipes are used on larger fixtures such as kitchen sinks, showers, bathtubs and washing machines. They will also drain multiple fixtures.

3” to 4” drains are the largest you will encounter in the home and are typically used for toilets and near the end of the DWV system.

DWV

P-Trap DWV

S-Trap and Drum Traps DWV

Trap Facts

All plumbing fixtures require traps All traps require vents A critical distance must be

maintained between the trap weir and the nearest vent

P-Traps DWV

P-Traps DWV

5 '- 0 "

1 1 / 4 "WA S TE

P IPE

Vents

Max. Distance of fixture trap from vent 1 ¼” Trap 60” 1 ½” Trap 72” 2” Trap 96” 3” Trap 144” 4” Trap 192”

Vents

What happens when the vent is too far from the trap?

Three options Increase the size of the trap Re-Vent Bow Vent (Loop Vent) Automatic Vent

Re-Venting

If a fixture is re-vented, the secondary vent cannot be connected to the main stack until it is 6” above the flood level of the highest fixture.

Bow Vent

Automatic Vent

Siphon Jet

Toilet Flanges

Toilet Flanges

10” from wall

12” from wall (most common)

14” from wall

16” old homes

Pipe Bracing