Plot. Foreshadowing Hints about what is going to happen in the story.

PlotPlot

ForeshadowingForeshadowing

Hints about what is Hints about what is going to happen in going to happen in the story.the story.

CharacterizationCharacterizationFive Ways to Five Ways to

Describe a Describe a CharacterCharacter

1.1. LooksLooks2.2. ThinksThinks3.3. ActsActs4.4. SpeaksSpeaks5.5. What others thinkWhat others think

Character TypesDynamic: major character who is changed by conflict in the story

Static: major character that does not experience basic character changes

Round: character with many personality traits (many details given)

Flat: character with few personality traits(few details given)

Developing Character

Direct characterization: the narrator or a character in the story tells us what we need to know about a character

Indirect characterization: we find out about characters indirectly through thoughts, comments, or actions of the characters

ThemeTheme

Universal meaning Universal meaning or lesson in a storyor lesson in a story

“The theme is true love happens over the course of time.”

IronyIronyA contrast between A contrast between

reality and expectationreality and expectation

Situational IronySituational Irony What we expect to occur is different What we expect to occur is different

from what really happensfrom what really happens

Example: The fire department burns down.Example: The fire department burns down.

Situational IronySituational Irony

EXAMPLE: The average cost of EXAMPLE: The average cost of rehabilitating a seal after the Exxon Valdez rehabilitating a seal after the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska was $80,000. At a oil spill in Alaska was $80,000. At a special ceremony, two of the most special ceremony, two of the most expensively saved animals were released expensively saved animals were released back into the wild amid cheers and back into the wild amid cheers and applause from onlookers. A minute later…applause from onlookers. A minute later…

Situational IronySituational Irony

A minute later, they were both eaten by a A minute later, they were both eaten by a killer whale.killer whale.

Why is this ironic?Why is this ironic?

Discuss reasons with partnerDiscuss reasons with partner

Situational IronySituational Irony

This is ironic because even though the group wanted the seals to lead a "natural" life in the wild, they probably didn't expect to see the seal's NATURAL cycle of life end within a minute of releasing them into the wild.

Situational IronySituational Irony

This is ironic because even though the group wanted the seals to lead a "natural" life in the wild, they probably didn't expect to see the seal's NATURAL cycle of life end within a minute of releasing them into the wild.

Verbal IronyVerbal Irony

“Nice hit Jimmy!”

Look at the picture below.Look at the picture below.

With a partner, decide on a caption that With a partner, decide on a caption that gives an example of verbal irony.gives an example of verbal irony.

Dramatic IronyDramatic Irony The reader knows more than the The reader knows more than the

characters know.characters know.

Example:Example: We know Cindy Lou We know Cindy Lou shouldn’t believe the Grinch. shouldn’t believe the Grinch. However, she trusts him when he’s However, she trusts him when he’s caught stealing the Christmas tree caught stealing the Christmas tree and all the decorations from her and all the decorations from her house. house.

Dramatic IronyDramatic Irony

Shrek doesn’t know that Fiona has feelings Shrek doesn’t know that Fiona has feelings for him, but the audience (and Donkey for him, but the audience (and Donkey ) ) knows.knows.

Dramatic IronyDramatic Irony

With a partner, brainstorm a movie/story With a partner, brainstorm a movie/story with examples of dramatic irony. with examples of dramatic irony.

Here are some titles that may help:Here are some titles that may help: