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Table of Contents The Iowa Profile

Volume I

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................... 1

DEMOGRAPHICS ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 ECONOMICS ............................................................................................................................................................... 1 HOUSING ................................................................................................................................................................... 2

DEMOGRAPHICS ................................................................................................................................................ 3

POPULATION ESTIMATES ............................................................................................................................................. 4 POPULATION MIGRATION TRENDS ............................................................................................................................. 6 SCHOOL ENROLLMENT................................................................................................................................................ 9 CENSUS DEMOGRAPHIC DATA ................................................................................................................................. 11 RACE AND ETHNICITY ............................................................................................................................................... 12 AGE AND GENDER COHORTS.................................................................................................................................... 13 GROUP QUARTERS POPULATION ............................................................................................................................. 15 FOREIGN BORN POPULATIONS ................................................................................................................................. 16 DISABILITY ............................................................................................................................................................... 17 EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT ............................................................................................................................... 18 COMMUTING PATTERNS ........................................................................................................................................... 19 DEMOGRAPHIC SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................ 22

IOWA LABORSHED STUDY ............................................................................................................................. 23

ECONOMICS...................................................................................................................................................... 24

LABOR FORCE ........................................................................................................................................................... 24 ANNUAL UNEMPLOYMENT........................................................................................................................................ 26 MONTHLY UNEMPLOYMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 27 EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY ...................................................................................................................................... 29 EARNINGS AND EMPLOYMENT .................................................................................................................................. 31 QUARTERLY CENSUS OF EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES ................................................................................................. 37 IOWA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE ............................................................................................................................. 39 POVERTY .................................................................................................................................................................. 41 ECONOMIC SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................. 43

HOUSING .......................................................................................................................................................... 44

HOUSING ESTIMATES ................................................................................................................................................ 44 HOUSING PRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 45 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................................................... 48 HOUSING PROBLEMS ................................................................................................................................................ 54 HOUSING PROBLEMS BY INCOME ............................................................................................................................. 57 HOME MORTGAGE LOANS........................................................................................................................................ 58 SURVEY OF RENTAL PROPERTIES ................................................................................................................................ 60 PERCEIVED NEED FOR RENTAL UNITS ........................................................................................................................ 65 2020 HOUSING NEEDS FORECAST............................................................................................................................ 66 COMPREHENSIVE HOUSING AFFORDABILITY STRATEGY (CHAS) ............................................................................... 68

Housing Problems by Income, Race, and Tenure ......................................................................................... 68 Cost Burdens ..................................................................................................................................................... 79 Lead-Based Paint Risks ..................................................................................................................................... 83 Elderly Housing Needs ..................................................................................................................................... 84

IOWA REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS .......................................................................................................................... 85 HOUSING SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................ 87

Volume I State of Iowa

I O W A F I N A N C E A U T H O R I T Y

Iowa Profile I.1 Final Report: September 18, 2020

Executive Summary Demographics

Census Bureau data showed that the statewide population of Iowa increased by 108,715 persons, or

by 3.6 percent, from 2010 through 2019. In 2019, the largest age cohorts in the state were seen at

both ends of the spectrum. Those aged under 14 accounted for 19.1 percent of the statewide

population, or 604,131 persons, and those aged 65 and older accounted for 17.5 percent of the

population, or 552,954 persons. Those aged over 65 also saw the greatest rate of growth statewide

between 2010 and 2019, growing by 22.1 percent. Those aged 55 to 64 grew by 11.5 percent.

The State experienced a shift in the racial and ethnic composition of its residents between 2010 and

2019. While the white population increased by only 0.7 percent over this period, the black and

American Indian populations increased by 39.7 percent and 25.8 percent respectively, and the “two

or more races” demographic group increased by 38.1 percent. The fastest growing racial group in

Iowa between 2010 and 2019 was the Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander cohort, growing by 98.6

percent, from 2,419 persons to 4,804. The State saw a significant change in the Hispanic population,

which increased by 31.0 percent between 2010 and 2019, to 198,550 people.

The State of Iowa saw a net in-migration of 5,254 persons in 2019, and an additional 1,148 persons

in the first half of 2020. In 2020, 56 percent of net-migrants, or 639 persons, were male, with the

remaining 44 percent, or 509 persons, were female.

Economics

Iowa’s labor force has grown from 1,451,750 persons in 1990 to 1,738,824 persons in 2019, or by

19.7 percent. The State’s unemployment rate fell from a high of 6.4 percent in 2009 to 2.7 percent

in 2019, well below the national rate of 3.7 percent.

Iowa’s real average wages per job, as derived from BEA data through 2018, are lower than U.S.

averages, at $53,476 for the State of Iowa versus $61,249 for the U.S. Real per capita income in Iowa,

defined as total personal income divided by population, more than doubled over the 1970 to 2018

period, from $20,337 to $51,001, but still remained below the national average of $55,398 in 2018.

The Iowa Department of Revenue annual income tax statistics showed the total number of returns

between 2010 and 2018 increased by 6.5 percent, with 1,413,367 returns reported in 2018. Between

2010 and 2018, the adjusted gross income class that saw the largest change was $125,000 and above

with a growth of 82.1 percent, compared to the income class of $10,000-19,999 which decreased

by 8.4 percent. In 2018, returns that had an income between $0 and $9,999 accounted for 16.4

percent of returns, while returns with incomes of $125,000 and above represented 10 percent in

2018.

In 2018, the poverty rate for the State of Iowa increased from 10.8 percent to 11.2 percent or 342,574

persons, below the national average of 13.1 percent. The State of Iowa’s poverty rate had been

trending down since a peak of 12.7 percent in 2011, with 2018 representing the first year of an

increase in the poverty rate since 2011.

Volume I State of Iowa



Housing

Between 2010 and 2019, the number of housing units in Iowa increased from 1,336,417 to

1,418,626 units, or by 6.2 percent. In 2019, the State of Iowa had a total of 11,875 total housing

units permitted, including 7,880 single family units. Single-family construction usually represents

most residential development in the state. Single family permits peaked in 2005 during the buildup

of the housing bubble and reached a low of 5,705 in 2009 during the great recession.

Over 90.6 percent of housing units were occupied in 2018, down from 91.4 percent in 2010. Owner-

occupied housing also fell between 2010 and 2018, from 72.1 percent to 71.1 percent. Meanwhile,

renter-occupied housing units increased from 27.9 percent in 2010 to 28.9 percent in 2018. Vacant

housing units grew during this same period, from 8.6 percent in 2010 to 9.4 percent in 2018.

The disposition of vacant housing units shifted between 2010 and 2018. While for rent units declined

from 27.7 percent in 2010 to 19.6 percent in 2018. Meanwhile, “other” vacant units grew from 31.5

percent in 2010 to 42 percent in 2018. “Other” vacant units are not for sale or rent, or otherwise

available to the marketplace, and may be problematic if concentrated in certain areas.

The value of single-family homes in the State has risen in recent years, from $186,450 in 2000 to an

all-time high of $251,517 in 2019.

Households are classified as having housing problems if they face overcrowding, incomplete

plumbing or kitchen facilities, or cost burdens. In 2018, an estimated 1.2 percent of households were

overcrowded, and an additional 0.4 percent were severely overcrowded. An estimated 0.3 percent

of households had incomplete plumbing facilities, and 0.9 percent had incomplete kitchen facilities.

The most common housing problem in Iowa was cost burdens, which is defined as spending greater

than 30 percent of household income on housing costs. A severe cost burden is defined as spending

greater that 50 percent of household income on housing costs.

Statewide there were 88,015 owner-occupied households and 65,660 renter occupied households

experiencing a cost burden for a total of 153,675 households experiencing a cost burden. An

additional 51,640 owner-occupied households and 72,875 renter-occupied households experienced

a severe cost burden. Overall 15.8 percent of owner-occupied households and 38.6 percent of renter-

occupied households are cost- or severely cost burdened throughout the state.1

From February through April of 2020, a telephone survey was conducted with landlords and rental

property managers throughout Iowa and represents 51,220 total units. The overall vacancy rate was

4.9 percent. Single family homes had a vacancy rate of 3.5 percent, while apartments and mobile

homes had a vacancy rate of 5.4 percent, and 8.3 percent, respectively. The most common rent for

single family units was between 500 and 749 dollars.

By 2030, the number of households is forecasted to have grown to 1,351,277 total households, made

up of 392,192 renter households and 959,085 homeowner households. At the end of the forecast

period, 2050, State of Iowa is forecasted to have 1,021,117 homeowner households, and 413,339

renter households, for a total of 1,434,456 households. By 2050, the number of renter households is

forecasted to have increased by 50,636 households, while the number of homeowner households

increased by 126,965 households.

1 Calculated from CHAS data tables I.87 and I.88

Statewide Profile State of Iowa



Demographics

The Census Bureau’s current census estimates

for each year since the 2010 Census are

presented in Table I.1. The 2019 estimates

indicate that the State of Iowa’s population

increased from 3,046,355 persons in 2010 to

3,155,070 persons in 2019, or by 4.0 percent.

The 2019 population estimate is not yet

available broken down by race, age, or gender.

For those purposes, we will use the 2018 Five-

year American Community Survey (ACS)

estimates. Population trends for State of Iowa

since 2000 are displayed in Diagram I.1.

Diagram I.1 Population

Table I.1 Population Estimates

State of Iowa 2010-2019 Census Data and Intercensal Estimates

Year Population

2010 Census 3,046,355

2011 Population Estimate 3,066,336












Population Estimates

The Census Bureau’s current estimates indicate that State of

Iowa’s population increased from 3,046,355 persons in

2010 to 3,155,070 persons in 2019, or by 3.6 percent. The

number of people aged between 25 and 34 years of age

increased by 4.1 percent, and the number of people between

55 and 64 years of age increased by 11.5 percent.

There are some important implications of these population

growth estimates. As shown in Table I.2, total population

change is a combination of births, deaths, and the net

migration of those arriving in and leaving the state. The result

of births minus deaths is termed the natural increase. The

State of Iowa had a natural increase of 101,761 persons

between 1990 and 2000. During the April 2000 to July 2009

period, State of Iowa’s natural increase was estimated at

106,396 persons.

Between 2010 and 2019, the natural increase was estimated at 89,895 persons, and the net migration

was 18,712 persons. During this period, the white population increased by 0.7 percent, while the

black population increased by 39.7 percent. The Hispanic population increased from 151,544 to

198,550 people between 2010 and 2019 or by 31.0 percent. These data are presented in Table I.3.

Table I.3 Profile of Population Characteristics

State of Iowa 2010 Census and 2019 Current Census Estimates

Subject 2010 Census Jul-19 % Change

Population 3,046,355 3,155,070 3.6%

Age

Under 14 years 603,673 604,131 0.1%

15 to 24 years 430,187 436,415 1.4%

25 to 34 years 382,583 398,150 4.1%

35 to 44 years 364,548 385,215 5.7%

45 to 54 years 439,726 362,509 -17.6%

55 to 64 years 372,750 415,696 11.5%

65 and Over 452,888 552,954 22.1%

Race

White 2,839,615 2,859,080 0.7%

Black 91,695 128,105 39.7%

American Indian and Alaskan Native

13,563 17,060 25.8%

Asian 54,232 84,119 55.1%

Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

2,419 4,804 98.6%

Two or more races 44,831 61,902 38.1%

Hispanic or Latino 151,544 198,550 31.0%

Table I.2 Population Estimates:

Births, Deaths, and Migration State of Iowa

1990-2010 Census Data and Intercensal Estimates

Year Number

1990 Census 2,776,831

Natural Increase 90-00 101,761

Net Migration 90-00 47,732

2000 Census 2,926,324


Net Migration 00-09 150


2010 Census 3,046,355


Net Migration 10-19 18,712





Table I.4 presents the population of State of Iowa by age and gender from the 2010 Census and 2019

current census estimates. The 2010 Census count showed a total of 1,508,319 men, who accounted

for 49.5 percent of the population, and 1,538,036 women, representing the remaining 50.5 percent

of the population. In 2019, there were 1,571,075 men, accounting for 49.8 percent of the population

and 1,583,995 women, representing the remaining 50.2 percent of the population.

Table I.4 Population by Age and Gender

State of Iowa 2010 Census and Current Census Estimates

Age 2010 Census 2019 Current Census Estimates % Change

10-19 Male Female Total Male Female Total

Under 14 years 309,397 294,276 603,673 308,970 295,161 604,131 0.1%

15 to 24 years 220,706 209,481 430,187 224,356 212,059 436,415 1.4%

25 to 44 years 195,536 187,047 382,583 204,944 193,206 398,150 4.1%

45 to 54 years 184,384 180,164 364,548 196,197 189,018 385,215 5.7%

55 to 64 years 219,460 220,266 439,726 182,609 179,900 362,509 -17.6%

65 and Over 185,559 187,191 372,750 205,215 210,481 415,696 11.5%

Total 1,508,319 1,538,036 3,046,355 1,571,075 1,583,995 3,155,070 3.6%

% of Total 49.5% 50.5% . 49.8% 50.2% .

Diagram I.2 displays the percentage of the population by age in State of Iowa, according to the 2019

Census Estimates.

Diagram I.2 Age Cohorts




Population Migration Trends

The Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT) collects data on drivers who move to Iowa and

exchange licenses from other states as well as those surrendering Iowa driver’s licenses when

relocating to a different state. The Iowa

DOT data does not represent a precise

count of migration, as they show only the

net change in the number of driver’s

licenses, but the data indicates the general

direction of population movement.

The driver’s license total exchanges since

2008 for State of Iowa are presented in

Table I.5. Over the past five years, there

have been zero years of negative net-

migration in the State of Iowa, which

indicates a healthy and steady inflow of

people into the state. Since 2016, the State

of Iowa has experienced a net growth of

36,998 persons, creating an overall

positive net-migration trend in the state.

Iowa DOT data indicates that there was a

net increase of 1148 people in the most recent year.

Diagram I.3 shows in- and out- migration as shaded areas, with net migration depicted as a line graph.

As can be seen the maximum net migration occurred in 2012 with 18,789 people entering and the

lowest net migration occurred in 2019 with 5,254 people entering the State of Iowa.

Table I.5 Driver’s Licenses Exchanged and Surrendered

State of Iowa Iowa DOT Data 2000-2020

Year In-Migrants Out-Migrants Net Change

2008 39,713 33,254 6,459 2009 34,249 25,932 8,317

2010 35,609 24,113 11,496 2011 38,463 26,181 12,282

2012 41,265 22,476 18,789 2013 39,769 25,625 14,144 2014 43,042 35,328 7,714 2015 43,622 35,406 8,216 2016 44,977 32,726 12,251

2017 42,466 34,797 7,669 2018 42,915 32,363 10,552

2019 39,233 33,979 5,254

2020 (First Half) 12,245 11,097 1,148

Total 497,568 373,277 124,291




Diagram I.3 Migration Trends by Year

The Iowa DOT data also collects gender and age information. Table I.6 shows in- and out- migration

by gender. In the most recent first half 2020 data, 56 percent of net-migrants, or 639 persons were

male, with the remaining 44 percent, or 509 persons were female.

Table I.6

Net In-migration by Gender State of Iowa

IOWADOT Data Gender 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 (p)

In

Male 19,292 16,503 17,138 18,118 19,345 18,003 19,541 19,892 21,302 19,706 20,265 19,056 5,952

Female 20,421 17,746 18,471 20,345 21,920 21,766 23,501 23,730 23,675 22,760 22,650 20,177 6,293

Total 39,713 34,249 35,609 38,463 41,265 39,769 43,042 43,622 44,977 42,466 42,915 39,233 12,245

Out

Male 16,231 12,635 11,760 12,387 9,828 11,280 15,590 15,904 14,714 15,839 14,652 16,048 5,313

Female 17,023 13,297 12,353 13,794 12,648 14,345 19,738 19,502 18,012 18,958 17,711 17,931 5,784

Total 33,254 25,932 24,113 26,181 22,476 25,625 35,328 35,406 32,726 34,797 32,363 33,979 11,097

Net

Male 3,061 3,868 5,378 5,731 9,517 6,723 3,951 3,988 6,588 3,867 5,613 3,008 639

Female 3,398 4,449 6,118 6,551 9,272 7,421 3,763 4,228 5,663 3,802 4,939 2,246 509

Total 6,459 8,317 11,496 12,282 18,789 14,144 7,714 8,216 12,251 7,669 10,552 5,254 1,148




Table I.7 shows net-migration for State of Iowa by age range. The largest age cohort in the most recent

2020 net migration data was those in the age range of 36 to 45, with 368 persons entering State of

Iowa. Those in the age range of 14 to 17 had the lowest levels of net migration, with 46 persons

leaving State of Iowa.

Table I.7

Migration by Age Range State of Iowa

IOWADOT Data

Age Range

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 (p)

In

14-17 349 329 294 311 298 299 278 277 264 279 275 263 72

18-22 4,847 4,508 4,588 4,770 5,104 4,885 5,137 5,356 5,410 5,134 4,794 4,543 1,330

23-25 4,861 4,453 4,424 4,801 5,007 5,098 5,418 5,492 5,730 5,266 5,148 4,622 1,434

26-35 12,138 10,467 10,961 11,745 12,828 12,372 13,495 13,546 14,044 12,968 13,138 11,796 3,776

36-45 7,324 5,981 6,149 6,918 7,051 6,650 7,420 7,417 7,469 6,959 7,233 6,421 2,041

46-55 5,279 4,322 4,826 5,188 5,587 5,217 5,528 5,516 5,521 5,277 5,292 4,697 1,474

56-65 3,186 2,705 2,808 3,017 3,492 3,206 3,570 3,622 4,001 3,794 3,909 3,911 1,255

66 + 1,729 1,484 1,559 1,713 1,898 2,042 2,196 2,396 2,538 2,789 3,126 2,980 863

Total 39,713 34,249 35,609 38,463 41,265 39,769 43,042 43,622 44,977 42,466 42,915 39,233 12,245

Out

14-17 345 306 302 315 200 260 344 338 349 376 313 486 118

18-22 3,941 3,227 2,814 3,153 2,596 2,839 3,811 4,081 3,567 3,947 3,376 3,454 1,134

23-25 5,428 4,102 3,805 3,816 3,231 3,396 4,789 5,066 4,467 4,623 4,186 4,329 1,453

26-35 10,123 7,816 7,468 8,028 6,902 7,938 10,931 11,115 10,516 10,767 10,171 10,961 3,733

36-45 5,385 4,083 3,794 4,204 3,705 4,163 5,792 5,336 5,185 5,408 5,189 5,351 1,673

46-55 4,128 3,204 2,927 3,337 2,845 3,315 4,475 4,348 3,881 4,093 3,733 3,841 1,174

56-65 2,580 2,038 1,921 2,156 1,969 2,320 3,259 3,129 2,882 3,257 3,129 3,207 1,016

66 + 1,324 1,156 1,082 1,172 1,028 1,394 1,927 1,993 1,879 2,326 2,266 2,350 796

Total 33,254 25,932 24,113 26,181 22,476 25,625 35,328 35,406 32,726 34,797 32,363 33,979 11,097

Net

14-17 4 23 -8 -4 98 39 -66 -61 -85 -97 -38 -223 -46

18-22 906 1,281 1,774 1,617 2,508 2,046 1,326 1,275 1,843 1,187 1,418 1,089 196

23-25 -567 351 619 985 1,776 1,702 629 426 1,263 643 962 293 -19

26-35 2,015 2,651 3,493 3,717 5,926 4,434 2,564 2,431 3,528 2,201 2,967 835 43

36-45 1,939 1,898 2,355 2,714 3,346 2,487 1,628 2,081 2,284 1,551 2,044 1,070 368

46-55 1,151 1,118 1,899 1,851 2,742 1,902 1,053 1,168 1,640 1,184 1,559 856 300

56-65 606 667 887 861 1,523 886 311 493 1,119 537 780 704 239

66 + 405 328 477 541 870 648 269 403 659 463 860 630 67

Total 6,459 8,317 11,496 12,282 18,789 14,144 7,714 8,216 12,251 7,669 10,552 5,254 1,148




School Enrollment

Table I.8 shows Iowa’s school enrollment by cohort from the Iowa Department of Education. The

school enrollment figures are for both public and private schools. In 2010, total enrollment was

526,766 students, compared to 554,363 students in 2020, a change of 5.2 percent. Enrollment for

students in grades 1 to 5 was 190,180 students in 2010 and 194,618 in 2020, which was a change

of 2.3 percent. Likewise, 2010 enrollment for students in grades 9 to 12 was 156,909 and 157,779

in 2018, which was a change of 0.6 percent. This data is displayed in Diagram I.4.

Table I.8 School Enrollment

State of Iowa Iowa Department of Education

Year Pre-K/K Grades 1 - 5 Grades 6 - 8 Grades 9 - 12 Total

2000 46,995 199,163 119,851 164,802 540,215

2001 46,047 196,999 119,175 163,970 535,489

2002 46,227 193,347 121,547 162,442 528,382

2003 46,128 187,914 120,679 160,653 523,721

2004 47,827 186,995 121,709 160,635 520,803

2005 48,548 186,216 120,164 162,028 517,050

2006 50,125 187,349 118,727 165,164 521,365

2007 51,739 188,408 115,450 164,541 520,138

2008 56,096 188,805 113,673 163,300 521,874

2009 61,099 190,115 113,098 159,628 521,456

2010 66,729 190,180 112,948 156,909 526,766

2011 72,820 191,131 113,560 155,240 532,751

2012 73,203 191,310 114,062 153,015 531,590

2013 75,567 193,364 114,708 152,288 535,927

2014 75,583 195,793 114,564 152,507 538,447

2015 75,608 198,630 114,786 153,576 542,600

2016 75,208 200,122 115,631 154,825 545,786

2017 74,534 200,903 117,086 154,838 547,361

2018 76,090 198,578 118,790 156,363 549,821

2019 78,005 196,496 121,567 156,573 552,641

2020 78,694 194,618 123,272 157,779 554,363

% Change 10-20

17.9% 2.3% 9.1% 0.6% 5.2%




Diagram I.4 School Age Cohorts




Census Demographic Data

Census data is presented in one of four Summary Files (SF). In the 1980, 1990, and 2000 decennial

censuses, the Census Bureau released the full SF1 100 percent count data, along with additional

tabulations including the one-in-six SF3 sample. The Census Bureau did not collect additional sample

data such as the SF3 in the 2010 decennial census, so many important housing and income concepts

are not available in the 2010 Census.

To study these important housing and income concepts, the Census Bureau distributes the American

Community Survey (ACS) every year to a sample of the population, then quantifies the results as one-

, three- and five-year averages. The one-year sample only includes responses from the year the survey

was implemented, while the five-year sample includes responses over a five-year period. The five-

year estimates are more robust than the one- or three-year samples because they include more

responses and can be tabulated down to the Census tract level.

The Census Bureau collects race data according to U.S. Office of Management and Budget guidelines,

and these data are based on self-identification. Ancestry refers to one’s ethnic origin or descent,

"roots," or heritage, or the place of birth of the person or the person’s parents or ancestors before

their arrival in the United States. Ethnic identities may or may not represent geographic areas. People

may choose to report more than one race group and people of any race may be of any ethnic origin.

Hispanic origin can be viewed as the heritage, nationality, lineage, or country of birth of the person

or the person’s parents or ancestors before arriving in the United States. People who identify as

Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish may be any race.




Race and Ethnicity

The State of Iowa population by race and ethnicity is shown in Table I.9. The white population

represented 90.3 percent of the population in 2018, compared with black populations accounting

for 3.5 percent of the population in 2018. Hispanic households represented 5.9 percent of the

population in 2018.

Table I.9 Population by Race and Ethnicity

State of Iowa 2010 Census & 2018 Five-Year ACS

Race 2010 Census 2018 Five-Year ACS

Population % of Total Population % of Total

White 2,781,561 91.3% 2,827,889 90.3%

Black 89,148 2.9% 109,911 3.5%

American Indian 11,084 0.4% 11,549 0.4%

Asian 53,094 1.7% 75,083 2.4%

Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander 2,003 0.1% 3,129 0.1%

Other 56,132 1.8% 39,168 1.3%

Two or More Races 53,333 1.8% 65,770 2.1%

Total 3,046,355 100.0% 3,132,499 100.0%

Non-Hispanic 2,894,811 95% 2,949,203 94.1%

Hispanic 151,544 5% 183,296 5.9%

The change in race and ethnicity between 2010 and 2018 is shown in Table I.10. During this time,

the total non-Hispanic population was 2,949,203 persons in 2018, while the Hispanic population

was 183,296.

Table I.10 Population by Race and Ethnicity

State of Iowa 2010 Census & 2018 Five-Year ACS

Race 2010 Census 2018 Five-Year ACS

Population % of Total Population % of Total

Non-Hispanic

White 2,701,123 93.3% 2,695,888 91.4%

Black 86,906 3% 107,471 3.6%

American Indian 8,581 0.3% 9,067 0.3%

Asian 52,597 1.8% 74,640 2.5%

Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander 1,797 0.1% 2,863 0.1%

Other 2,132 0.1% 2,806 0.1%

Two or More Races 41,675 1.4% 56,468 1.9%

Total Non-Hispanic 2,894,811 100.0% 2,949,203 100.0%

Hispanic

White 80,438 53.1% 132,001 72%

Black 2,242 1.5% 2,440 1.3%

American Indian 2,503 1.7% 2,482 1.4%

Asian 497 0.3% 443 0.2%

Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander 206 0.1% 266 0.1%

Other 54,000 35.6% 36,362 19.8%

Two or More Races 11,658 7.7% 9,302 5.1%

Total Hispanic 151,544 100.0 183,296 100.0%

Total Population 3,046,355 100.0% 3,132,499 100.0%




Age and Gender Cohorts

Table I.11 and Diagram I.5 show the population distribution in State of Iowa by age. In 2010, children

under the age of 5 accounted for 6.6 percent of the total population, which compared to 6.3 percent

in 2018.

Table I.11 Population Distribution by Age

State of Iowa 2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Age 2010 Census 2018 Five-Year ACS

Number of Persons Percent Number of Persons Percent

Under 5 202,123 6.6 197,430 6.3

5 to 19 618,387 20.3 624,924 19.9

20 to 24 213,350 7 228,772 7.3

25 to 34 382,583 12.6 393,533 12.6

35 to 54 804,274 26.4 760,605 24.3

55 to 64 372,750 12.2 413,923 13.2

65 or Older 452,888 14.9 513,312 16.4

Total 3,046,355 100% 3,132,499 100%

Diagram I.5

Population Distribution by Age




Table I.12 shows the population in State of Iowa by age and gender. In 2010, there were 382,583

people aged 25 to 34, made up of 195,536 men, and 187,047 women. In comparison, in 2018, there

were 393,533 people in the 25 to 34 age cohort, with 200,831 men and 192,702 women.

Table I.12 Population by Age and Gender

State of Iowa 2010 Census & 2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Age 2010 Census 2018 Five Year ACs

Male Female Total Percent Male Female Total Percent

Under 5 103,401 98,722 202,123 6.6% 100,506 96,924 197,430 6.3%

5 to 19 317,235 301,152 618,387 20.3% 319,820 305,104 624,924 19.9%

20 to 24 109,467 103,883 213,350 7% 117,665 111,107 228,772 7.3%

25 to 34 195,536 187,047 382,583 12.6% 200,831 192,702 393,533 12.6%

35 to 54 403,844 400,430 804,274 26.4% 383,262 377,343 760,605 24.3%

55 to 64 185,559 187,191 372,750 12.2% 205,057 208,866 413,923 13.2%

65 and Older 193,277 259,611 452,888 14.9% 227,340 285,972 513,312 16.4%

Total 1,508,319 1,538,036 3,046,355 100% 1,554,481 1,578,018 3,132,499 100%

Diagram I.6 Population Distribution by Age and Gender




Group Quarters Population

The group quarters population includes the institutionalized population, who live in correctional

institutions, juvenile facilities, nursing homes, and other institutions, and the non-institutionalized

population, who live in college dormitories, military quarters, and other group living situations. As

seen in Table I.13, between 2000 and 2010, the institutionalized population decreased by 13.9

percent in State of Iowa, from 50,256 people in 2000 to 43,282 in 2010. The non-institutionalized

population grew by 1.7 percent, from 53,913 in 2000 to 54,830 in 2010.

Table I.13 Group Quarters Population

State of Iowa 2000 & 2010 Census SF1 Data

Group Quarters Type 2000 Census 2010 Census % Change

00–10 Population % of Total Population % of Total

Institutionalized

Correctional Institutions 11,771 23.4% 13,309 30.7% 13.1%

Juvenile Facilities . . 2,197 5.1% .

Nursing Homes 33,428 66.5% 26,871 62.1% -19.6%

Other Institutions 5,057 10.1% 905 2.1% -82.1%

Total 50,256 100.0% 43,282 100.0% -13.9%

Noninstitutionalized

College Dormitories 41,171 76.4% 44,574 81.3% 8.3%

Military Quarters 4 0% 3 0% -25%

Other Noninstitutionalized 12,738 23.6% 10,253 18.7% -19.5%

Total 53,913 100.0% 54,830 100.0% 1.7%

Group Quarters Population 104,169 100.0% 98,112 100.0% -5.8%




Foreign Born Populations

The number of foreign-born persons is shown in Table I.14. An estimated 1.3 percent of the

population in the State of Iowa was born in Mexico, some 0.3 percent were born in China, excluding

Hong Kong and Taiwan, and another 0.3 percent were born in India.

Table I.14 Place of Birth for the Foreign-Born Population

State of Iowa 2018 Five-Year ACS

Number County Number of Person Percent of Total

Population

#1 country of origin Mexico 42,190 1.3%

#2 country of origin China excluding Hong

Kong and Taiwan 10,019 0.3%

#3 country of origin India 9,913 0.3%

#4 country of origin Vietnam 7,217 0.2%

#5 country of origin Bosnia and Herzegovina 6,001 0.2%

#6 country of origin Korea 5,602 0.2%

#7 country of origin Guatemala 5,015 0.2%

#8 country of origin Burma 4,843 0.2%

#9 country of origin Philippines 4,399 0.1%

#10 country of origin El Salvador 3,569 0.1%

The languages spoken at home for those with Limited English Proficiency area shown in Table I.15.

An estimated 1.7 percent of the population of the State of Iowa speaks Spanish at home, followed by

0.3 percent speaking Other Asian and Pacific Island languages.

Table I.15 Limited English Proficiency and Language Spoken at Home


Number County Number of Person Percent of Total

Population

#1 LEP Language Spanish 48,880 1.7%

#2 LEP Language Other Asian and Pacific

Island languages 10,096 0.3%

#3 LEP Language Chinese 7,325 0.2%

#4 LEP Language Vietnamese 5,594 0.2%

#5 LEP Language Other and unspecified

languages 4,691 0.2%

#6 LEP Language Other Indo-European

languages 4,493 0.2%

#7 LEP Language Russian, Polish, or other

Slavic languages 3,919 0.1%

#8 LEP Language Arabic 3,489 0.1%

#9 LEP Language French, Haitian, or

Cajun 3,134 0.1%

#10 LEP Language German or other West Germanic languages

2,718 0.1%




Disability

Disability by age, as estimated by the 2018 ACS, is shown in Table I.16 below. The disability rate for

females was 11.5 percent, compared to 11.7 percent for males. The disability rate tends to grow

precipitously higher with age, with 44 percent of those over 75 experiencing a disability in the State

of Iowa.

Table I.16 Disability by Age


Age

Male Female Total

Disabled Population

Disability Rate

Disabled Population

Disability Rate

Disabled Population

Disability Rate

Under 5 773 0.8% 644 0.7% 1,417 0.7%

5 to 17 18,206 6.7% 10,500 4% 28,706 5.4%

18 to 34 22,296 6.2% 18,905 5.4% 41,201 5.8%

35 to 64 66,320 11.4% 66,228 11.3% 132,548 11.4%

65 to 74 32,565 24.6% 27,721 19.3% 60,286 21.9%

75 or Older 38,954 44.4% 55,254 43.6% 94,208 44%

Total 179,114 11.7% 179,252 11.5% 358,366 11.6%

The number of disabilities by type, as estimated by the 2018 ACS, is shown in Table I.17. Some 5.8

percent have an ambulatory disability, 4.7 have an independent living disability, and 2.1 percent

have a self-care disability.

Table I.17 Total Disabilities Tallied: Aged 5 and Older


Disability Type Population with

Disability Percent with

Disability

Hearing disability 114,881 3.7%

Vision disability 55,267 1.8%

Cognitive disability 129,676 4.5%

Ambulatory disability 168,104 5.8%

Self-Care disability 59,750 2.1%

Independent living difficulty 111,848 4.7%




Education and Employment

Education and employment data from the State of Iowa 2018 Five-Year ACS is presented in Table

I.18, Table I.19, and Table I.20. In 2018, 1,674,697 people were in the labor force, including

1,609,481 employed and 65,216 unemployed people. The unemployment rate for State of Iowa was

estimated at 3.9 percent in 2018.

Table I.18 Employment, Labor Force and

Unemployment State of Iowa

2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Employment Status 2018 Five-Year ACS

Employed 1,609,481

Unemployed 65,216

Labor Force 1,674,697

Unemployment Rate 3.9%

Table I.19 and Table I.20 show educational attainment in State of Iowa. In 2018, 93 percent of

households had a high school education or greater, including 30.6 percent with a high school

diploma or equivalent, 35.2 percent with some college, 17.9 percent with a bachelor’s degree, and

8 percent with a graduate or professional degree.

Table I.19 High School or Greater Education


Education Level Households

High School or Greater 1,168,406

Total Households 1,256,855

Percent High School or Above 93%

Table I.20 Educational Attainment


Education Level 2018 Five-Year ACS Percent

Less Than High School 199,592 8.3%

High School or Equivalent 735,172 30.6%

Some College or Associates Degree 845,071 35.2%

Bachelor’s Degree 429,628 17.9%

Graduate or Professional Degree 193,004 8%

Total Population Above 18 years 2,402,467 100.0%




Commuting Patterns

Table I.21 shows the place of work by county of residence. In 2010, 76.1 percent of residents worked

within the county they reside with 19.1 percent working outside their home county. This compares

to 75.5 percent of residents in 2018 who worked within the county in which they resided, and 19.8

percent of residents worked outside their home county but still within the state.

Table I.21 Place of Work

State of Iowa 2010 and 2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Place of work 2010 Five-Year ACS % of Total 2018 Five-Year ACS % of Total

Worked in county of residence 1,157,717 76.1% 1,195,559 75.5%

Worked outside county of residence 290,045 19.1% 313,830 19.8%

Worked outside state of residence 72,683 4.8% 73,882 4.7%

Total 1,520,445 100.0% 1,583,271 100.0%

Table I.22 shows the aggregate travel time to work based on place of work and residence. In State of

Iowa the total aggregate travel time was 28,835,960 minutes, with residents who work in their home

county spending a total of 16,544,805 minutes commuting.

Table I.22 Aggregate Travel Time to Work (in Minutes)

State of Iowa 2010 & 2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Place of Work 2010 Five-Year ACS % of Total 2018 Five-Year ACS % of Total

Worked in county of residence 15,128,230 56.6% 16,544,805 57.4%

Worked outside county of residence 9,375,950 35.1% 10,041,545 34.8%

Worked outside State of residence 2,231,575 8.3% 2,249,615 7.8%

Aggregate travel time to work (in minutes):

26,735,755 100.0% 28,835,960 100.0%

Table I.23 shows the average travel time to work based on place of work and residence. In 2018 the

overall aggregate travel time was 26,735,755 minutes. Residents working within their home county

spent an average of 13.8 minutes commuting to work, with those working outside their county of

residence spending an average of 32 minutes on their commute.

Table I.23 Average Travel Time to Work (in Minutes)


Place of Work 2010 Five-Year ACS 2018 Five-Year ACS

Worked in county of residence 13.1 13.8

Worked outside county of residence 32.3 32

Worked outside State of residence 30.7 30.4

Average travel time to work (in minutes): 17.6 18.2




Table I.24 shows the means of transportation to work. In 2018, 81.2 percent of commuters drove

alone in a car, truck, or van. Only 8.3 percent carpooled, with an additional 1.1 percent taking public

transportation. Also, there were 75,272 persons or 4.8 percent who worked from home.

Table I.24 Means of Transportation to Work


Means 2010 Five-Year

ACS % of Total

2018 Five-Year ACS

% of Total

Car, truck, or van: Drove alone 1,196,233 78.7% 1,285,034 81.2%

Car, truck, or van: Carpooled: 156,355 10.3% 131,548 8.3%

Public transportation (excluding taxicab): 16,803 1.1% 17,435 1.1%

Taxicab 836 0.1% 1,243 0.1%

Motorcycle 3,202 0.2% 2,417 0.2%

Bicycle 7,475 0.5% 7,766 0.5%

Walked 58,183 3.8% 51,801 3.3%

Other means 8,869 0.6% 10,755 0.7%

Worked at home 72,489 4.8% 75,272 4.8%

Total 1,520,445 100.0% 1,583,271 100.0%




Table I.25 shows the breakdown of the means of transportation by tenure. In 2018, 62.7 percent of

commuters owned their home and commuted alone by car, which compares to 63.6 percent in 2010.

There were also 300,377 renters who drove alone in 2018 and accounted for 19.3 percent of the

total commuter population. Commuters who owned their own home and took public transportation

represented 0.3 percent of the population, which compares to 10,283 renters, or 0.7 percent taking

public transportation.

Table I.25 Means of Transportation to Work By Tenure


Tenure 2010 Five-Year

ACS % of Total

2018 Five-Year ACS

% of Total

Car, truck, or van - drove alone:

Owner 951,783 63.6% 978,069 62.7% Renter 238,325 15.9% 300,377 19.3%

Car, truck, or van - carpooled:

Owner 111,231 7.4% 87,568 5.6%

Renter 43,169 2.9% 43,043 2.8%

Public transportation (excluding taxicab):

Owner 5,927 0.4% 5,186 0.3% Renter 9,699 0.6% 10,283 0.7%

Walked:

Owner 25,389 1.7% 19,902 1.3%

Renter 23,099 1.5% 21,382 1.4%

Taxicab, motorcycle, bicycle, or other means:

Owner 13,164 0.9% 13,422 0.9%

Renter 6,951 0.5% 8,174 0.5%

Worked at home:

Owner 57,878 3.9% 59,581 3.8% Renter 9,792 0.7% 11,847 0.8%

Total: 1,496,407 100.0% 1,558,834 100.0%




Demographic Summary

Census Bureau data showed that the statewide population of Iowa increased by 108,715 persons, or

by 3.6 percent, from 2010 through 2019. In 2019, the largest age cohorts in the state were seen at

both ends of the spectrum. Those aged under 14 accounted for 19.1 percent of the statewide

population, or 604,131 persons, and those aged 65 and older accounted for 17.5 percent of the

population, or 552,954 persons. Those aged over 65 also saw the greatest rate of growth statewide

between 2010 and 2019, growing by 22.1 percent. Those aged 55 to 64 grew by 11.5 percent.

The State experienced a shift in the racial and ethnic composition of its residents between 2010 and

2019. While the white population increased by only 0.7 percent over this period, the black and

American Indian populations increased by 39.7 percent and 25.8 percent respectively, and the “two

or more races” demographic group increased by 38.1 percent. The fastest growing racial group in

Iowa between 2010 and 2019 was the Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander cohort, growing by 98.6

percent, from 2,419 persons to 4,804. The State saw a significant change in the Hispanic population,

which increased by 31.0 percent between 2010 and 2019, to 198,550 people.

The State of Iowa saw a net in-migration of 5,254 persons in 2019, and an additional 1,148 persons

in the first half of 2020. In 2020, 56 percent of net-migrants, or 639 persons, were male, with the

remaining 44 percent, or 509 persons, were female.




Iowa Laborshed Study

Laborshed studies are supply-side, labor availability studies. They provide community leaders,

economic developers, site selectors and existing or prospective employers a flexible tool for

understanding the workforce characteristics of their local labor market.

According to the Iowa Workforce Development agency, a laborshed is defined as the area or region

from which an employment center draws its commuting workers. It shows the distribution of these

workers regardless of political boundaries. Laborshed studies also address underemployment,

availability of labor and likeliness of the employed or not employed to change or accept employment.

Other topics covered within a Laborshed analysis include: current and desired occupations, wages,

hours worked, job search resources and distance willing to commute to work.2

For more information please visit:

https://www.iowaworkforcedevelopment.gov/laborshed-studies

2 https://www.iowaworkforcedevelopment.gov/laborshed-studies

https://www.iowaworkforcedevelopment.gov/laborshed-studies




Economics Labor Force

Table I.26 shows labor force statistics for State of Iowa between 1990 and 2019. Over the entire

series, the lowest unemployment rate occurred in 1999 with a rate of 2.6 percent. The highest level

of unemployment occurred during 2009 rising to a rate of 6.4 percent. Over the last year, the

unemployment rate in State of Iowa increased from 2.6 percent in 2018 to 2.7 percent in 2019.

Iowa’s labor force has grown from 1,451,750 people in 1990 to 1,738,824 people in 2019.

In 1976, the labor force participation rate for was 64.3 percent in Iowa versus 61.6 percent nationally.

By 1994, however, labor force participation rates were significantly above national norms, 73.1 for

Iowa versus 66.6 percent nationally. However, since 2009 labor force participation rates have varied

between 69.0 and 70.0 percent, which is still higher than the national average of between 65.0 and

62.0 percent. Together, these statistics indicated a very active labor force, which contributed to the

growing number of employed workers and low unemployment rate.

Table I.26 Labor Force Statistics

State of Iowa 1990 - 2019 BLS Data

Year State of Iowa

Unemployment Employment Labor Force Unemployment

Rate

1990 64,082 1,387,668 1,451,750 4.4%

1991 68,625 1,406,164 1,474,789 4.7%

1992 67,476 1,444,325 1,511,801 4.5%

1993 62,924 1,496,789 1,559,713 4.0%

1994 55,535 1,523,726 1,579,261 3.5%

1995 54,651 1,532,400 1,587,051 3.4%

1996 56,637 1,551,711 1,608,348 3.5%

1997 49,989 1,552,946 1,602,935 3.1%

1998 43,822 1,552,120 1,595,942 2.7%

1999 41,324 1,555,090 1,596,414 2.6%

2000 41,817 1,548,636 1,590,453 2.6%

2001 53,723 1,559,241 1,612,964 3.3%

2002 65,349 1,572,560 1,637,909 4.0%

2003 72,309 1,534,489 1,606,798 4.5%

2004 72,027 1,529,761 1,601,788 4.5%

2005 69,595 1,560,169 1,629,764 4.3%

2006 61,054 1,596,530 1,657,584 3.7%

2007 61,345 1,599,332 1,660,677 3.7%

2008 70,598 1,608,695 1,679,293 4.2%

2009 108,163 1,579,248 1,687,411 6.4%

2010 100,834 1,577,447 1,678,281 6.0%

2011 92,199 1,570,177 1,662,376 5.5%

2012 83,262 1,569,879 1,653,141 5.0%

2013 79,299 1,594,891 1,674,190 4.7%

2014 72,114 1,629,331 1,701,445 4.2%

2015 63,843 1,634,249 1,698,092 3.8%

2016 61,113 1,628,686 1,689,799 3.6%

2017 52,218 1,620,442 1,672,660 3.1%

2018 44,252 1,646,708 1,690,960 2.6%

2019 47,808 1,691,016 1,738,824 2.7%




Diagram I.7 shows the employment and labor force for State of Iowa. The difference between the

two lines represents the number of unemployed persons. In the most recent year, employment stood

at 1,691,016 persons, with the labor force reaching 1,738,824, indicating there were a total of 47,808

unemployed persons.

Diagram I.7 Employment and Labor Force




Annual Unemployment

Diagram I.8 shows the unemployment rate for both the United States and State of Iowa. During the

1990’s, the average unemployment rate for State of Iowa was 3.6 percent, which compared to 4.1

percent between 2000 and 2010, and 4.1 percent between 2010 and 2019. Over the course of the

entire period the State of Iowa had an average unemployment rate of 4.0 percent.

Diagram I.8

Annual Unemployment Rate




Monthly Unemployment

Table I.27 displays the monthly unemployment rate in State of Iowa from January 2007 through April

2020. This data is also shown in Diagram I.9. In the first three months of 2020, the unemployment

rate in Iowa fluctuated between 3.7 percent and 3.1 percent. By April 2020, the unemployment rate

had increased to 10.8 percent due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the

economy.

Table I.27 Monthly Unemployment Rate

State of Iowa 2007 – 20120 (p) BLS Data

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Unemployment Rate (%)

2007 4.5 4.5 4.2 3.7 3.3 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.8

2008 4.5 4.4 4.2 3.8 3.6 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.4 5.4

2009 6.8 6.9 7.0 6.3 6.2 6.6 6.4 6.4 5.9 6.0 5.9 6.5

2010 7.3 7.1 6.9 5.9 5.6 5.9 5.6 5.8 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.9

2011 6.7 6.4 6.1 5.3 5.2 5.6 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.5

2012 6.1 6.0 5.5 4.8 4.7 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.5 5.0

2013 6.0 5.6 5.3 4.8 4.5 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.4

2014 5.3 5.1 4.8 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.6 4.1

2015 4.8 4.4 4.2 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.8

2016 4.5 4.2 3.9 3.4 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.5

2017 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.9

2018 3.7 3.3 3.1 2.6 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.7

2019 3.5 3.1 3.2 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.9

2020 (p) 3.7 3.1 3.6 10.8 . . . . . . . .




Diagram I.9

Monthly Unemployment Rate




Employment by Industry

Table I.28 shows employment and median earnings by industry for State of Iowa from the 2018 Five-

Year ACS. In 2018, the largest industry by number of people employed in State of Iowa was

Manufacturing, which employed 210,405 people and paid a median salary of 46,630 dollars. The

highest paying industry in State of Iowa was the Utilities industry, which paid a median salary of

69,940 dollars in 2018.

Table I.28 City Level Employment by Industry

State of Iowa 2018 Five Year ACS Data

Industry Total

Employment Percent of

Employment Median

Earnings

Admin 30,408 3% $34,715

Arts 12,287 1% $36,489

Construction 79,496 7% $47,413

Education 93,253 8% $50,760

Farming 45,685 4% $42,101

Finance 91,751 8% $54,688

Food 35,878 3% $24,160

Health Care 155,053 14% $40,203

Info 18,010 2% $49,226

Management 978 0% $58,889

Manufacturing 210,405 19% $46,630

Mining 1,891 0% $53,203

Other 41,207 4% $37,754

Prof Service 51,442 5% $60,838

Government 43,171 4% $59,048

Real Estate 12,500 1% $44,273

Retail 106,385 9% $35,300

Transport 50,440 5% $50,750

Utilities 12,193 1% $69,940

Wholesale 39,368 4% $49,687




Diagram I.10 displays employment and earnings data for 2018 in State of Iowa. Only industries that

employed more than 0.0 percent of people and had accurate median earnings data are included in

Diagram I.10.

Diagram I.10

Employment and Median Earnings by Industry




Earnings and Employment

The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) produces regional economic accounts, which provide a consistent framework for analyzing and

comparing individual state and local area economies. Table I.29 shows total real earnings by industry for State of Iowa. In 2018, the

manufacturing industry had the largest total real earnings with 18,606,701,000 dollars. Between 2017 and 2018, the farm industry saw the

largest percentage increase of 21.2 percent, to 4,027,860,000 dollars.

Table I.29 Real Earnings by Industry

State of Iowa BEA Table CA-5N Data (1,000’s of 2019 Dollars)

NAICS Categories 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 % Change

17-18

Farm earnings 4,162,059 8,332,113 7,500,324 9,362,238 6,183,360 5,492,102 2,734,681 3,323,668 4,027,860 21.2

Forestry, fishing, related activities, and other 474,390 440,302 539,665 534,569 534,863 567,026 603,616 645,198 666,050 3.2

Mining 149,705 164,119 160,600 152,607 162,467 166,611 171,508 204,366 216,478 5.9

Utilities 1,143,336 843,527 817,874 816,075 860,609 849,638 891,310 858,419 867,062 1.0

Construction 6,039,946 6,341,707 6,917,746 7,003,036 7,686,987 8,062,986 8,407,386 7,716,141 7,889,652 2.2

Manufacturing 14,863,085 15,564,128 16,553,498 16,889,516 17,851,104 18,062,012 17,701,142 17,874,576 18,606,701 4.1

Wholesale trade 5,163,032 5,369,334 5,707,557 5,804,833 5,895,352 5,811,053 5,654,103 5,735,814 5,689,782 -0.8

Retail trade 6,175,112 6,248,682 6,341,821 6,243,358 6,284,908 6,355,174 6,501,396 6,518,469 6,457,503 -0.9

Transportation and warehousing 3,921,939 4,077,795 4,223,374 4,244,137 4,447,019 4,639,427 4,589,960 4,685,451 4,754,975 1.5

Information 2,340,622 2,253,424 2,173,820 2,093,228 2,112,190 1,990,267 1,791,808 1,804,515 1,983,858 9.9

Finance and insurance 9,054,729 8,221,288 8,697,790 8,519,172 8,718,696 8,921,659 9,330,361 9,540,835 9,665,764 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing 767,163 791,273 1,040,380 1,393,647 1,454,263 1,591,002 1,670,605 1,453,038 1,448,468 -0.3

Professional and technical services 4,158,801 4,352,841 4,590,455 4,630,930 4,838,663 5,082,492 5,311,363 5,446,397 5,554,502 2.0

Management of companies and enterprises 1,288,024 1,444,407 1,680,016 1,674,187 1,856,975 2,007,520 2,011,198 2,011,117 2,030,225 1.0

Administrative and waste services 2,862,302 2,915,669 3,070,166 3,063,531 3,138,725 3,104,381 3,070,279 3,157,728 3,249,470 2.9

Educational services 1,411,450 1,420,609 1,480,240 1,440,490 1,495,129 1,461,884 1,631,273 1,508,988 1,526,813 1.2

Health care and social assistance 10,403,881 10,392,218 10,583,279 10,601,675 10,787,592 11,158,649 11,553,475 11,500,115 11,570,298 0.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation 671,379 681,061 659,257 613,478 669,599 636,185 631,403 616,604 628,462 1.9

Accommodation and food services 2,134,855 2,256,234 2,445,166 2,574,330 2,701,309 2,801,097 2,944,661 2,935,955 2,959,521 0.8

Other services, except public administration 3,423,995 3,422,220 3,605,531 3,550,320 3,716,973 3,828,515 3,940,109 3,868,769 3,959,085 2.3

Government and government enterprises 17,076,648 16,657,757 16,464,901 16,927,794 17,246,949 17,629,479 17,855,534 17,906,363 17,904,338 -0.0

Total 97,686,454 102,190,709 105,253,462 108,133,151 108,643,733 110,219,158 108,997,171 109,312,527 111,656,868 2.1




Table I.30 shows the total employment by industry for the State of Iowa. The most recent estimates

show the government and government enterprises industry was the largest employer in State of Iowa,

with employment reaching 271,622 jobs in 2018. Between 2017 and 2018 the forestry, fishing, and

related activities industry saw the largest percentage increase, rising by 6.7 percent to 17,149 jobs.

Table I.30

Employment by Industry State of Iowa

BEA Table CA25 Data

NAICS Categories 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 %

Change 17-18

Farm earnings 91,009 90,855 88,093 91,874 86,854 90,662 89,550 87,012 87,227 0.2

Forestry, fishing, related activities,

and other 15,224 15,325 15,985 16,581 16,552 15,190 15,638 16,079 17,149 6.7

Mining 4,204 4,070 5,107 5,244 4,956 5,087 4,905 4,311 4,371 1.4

Utilities 7,047 6,800 6,715 6,690 6,741 6,956 7,107 6,765 6,725 -0.6

Construction 101,067 101,165 104,280 107,690 114,455 117,206 121,732 115,736 118,139 2.1

Manufacturing 206,704 212,405 217,209 221,383 223,641 223,313 221,253 223,319 230,349 3.1

Wholesale trade 70,767 72,167 73,567 74,352 76,681 75,650 71,729 71,469 70,573 -1.3

Retail trade 214,153 217,749 218,149 219,104 220,260 224,367 224,684 224,075 221,460 -1.2

Transportation and warehousing

70,921 72,556 73,991 75,980 76,032 78,785 77,806 83,271 87,513 5.1

Information 32,839 32,619 31,220 30,410 30,236 29,158 27,067 26,647 27,080 1.6

Finance and insurance

125,642 128,998 127,868 128,707 126,352 128,168 132,929 133,949 134,642 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

59,375 61,539 61,549 63,850 67,357 69,229 70,903 72,627 74,858 3.1

Professional and technical services

70,817 71,509 72,919 75,131 76,960 78,780 80,312 81,406 82,840 1.8

Management of companies and enterprises

14,028 15,608 16,877 17,457 19,354 20,404 20,822 20,751 21,327 2.8

Administrative and waste services

88,825 89,457 91,218 90,929 91,659 89,977 88,495 87,778 88,256 0.5

Educational services 45,515 46,115 46,623 47,593 47,894 48,060 49,327 47,932 48,215 0.6

Health care and social assistance

209,544 210,144 212,964 214,855 215,352 217,163 219,010 219,087 219,643 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

34,359 35,420 35,052 33,707 34,560 33,698 36,021 36,380 37,625 3.4

Accommodation and food services

118,758 120,475 122,883 126,690 128,294 130,210 131,308 132,513 133,164 0.5

Other services, except public administration

100,922 102,783 103,697 104,035 106,657 109,525 107,067 104,184 105,215 1.0

Government and government enterprises

268,724 268,201 267,464 267,218 268,079 267,810 268,387 270,993 271,622 0.2

Total 1,950,444 1,975,960 1,993,430 2,019,480 2,038,926 2,059,398 2,066,052 2,066,284 2,087,993 1.1




Table I.31 shows the real average earnings per job by industry for State of Iowa. These figures are

calculated by dividing the total real earning displayed in Tables I.18 and I.19, by industry. In 2018,

the utilities industry had the highest average earnings reaching 128,931 dollars. Between 2017 and

2018 the farm industry saw the largest percentage increase, rising by 20.9 percent to 46,177 dollars.

Table I.31

Real Earnings Per Job by Industry State of Iowa

BEA Table CA5N and CA25 Data

NAICS Categories 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 % Change

17-18

Farm earnings 45,732 91,708 85,141 101,903 71,193 60,578 30,538 38,198 46,177 20.9

Forestry, fishing, related activities,

and other 31,161 28,731 33,761 32,240 32,314 37,329 38,599 40,127 38,839 -3.2

Mining 35,610 40,324 31,447 29,101 32,782 32,752 34,966 47,406 49,526 4.5

Utilities 162,244 124,048 121,798 121,984 127,668 122,145 125,413 126,891 128,93

1 1.6

Construction 59,762 62,687 66,338 65,030 67,162 68,793 69,065 66,670 66,783 0.2

Manufacturing 71,905 73,276 76,210 76,291 79,820 80,882 80,004 80,041 80,776 0.9

Wholesale trade 72,958 74,402 77,583 78,072 76,882 76,815 78,826 80,256 80,623 0.5

Retail trade 28,835 28,697 29,071 28,495 28,534 28,325 28,936 29,091 29,159 0.2

Transportation and warehousing

55,300 56,202 57,080 55,859 58,489 58,887 58,992 56,268 54,334 -3.4

Information 71,276 69,083 69,629 68,834 69,857 68,258 66,199 67,719 73,259 8.2

Finance and insurance 72,068 63,732 68,022 66,190 69,003 69,609 70,191 71,227 71,789 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing

12,921 12,858 16,903 21,827 21,590 22,982 23,562 20,007 19,350 -3.3

Professional and technical services

58,726 60,871 62,953 61,638 62,872 64,515 66,134 66,904 67,051 0.2

Management of companies and enterprises

91,818 92,543 99,545 95,903 95,948 98,389 96,590 96,917 95,195 -1.8

Administrative and waste services

32,224 32,593 33,657 33,691 34,244 34,502 34,694 35,974 36,819 2.3

Educational services 31,011 30,806 31,749 30,267 31,217 30,418 33,071 31,482 31,667 0.6

Health care and social assistance

49,650 49,453 49,695 49,343 50,093 51,384 52,753 52,491 52,678 0.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

19,540 19,228 18,808 18,200 19,375 18,879 17,529 16,949 16,703 -1.4

Accommodation and food services

17,977 18,728 19,898 20,320 21,056 21,512 22,426 22,156 22,225 0.3

Other services, except public administration

33,927 33,296 34,770 34,126 34,850 34,956 36,800 37,134 37,629 1.3

Government and government enterprises

63,547 62,109 61,559 63,348 64,335 65,828 66,529 66,077 65,916 -0.2

Total 50,084 51,717 52,800 53,545 53,285 53,520 52,756 52,903 53,476 1.1

Table I.32 shows total employment and real personal income for the years of 1969 to 2018. Total

real personal income includes all wage and salary earnings, proprietorship income, dividends,

interest, rents, and transfer payments. In 2018, total real personal income was 160,965,854,000

dollars, a 3.5 percent change between 2017 and 2018. Total employment was 1,950,444 in 2010

and 2,087,993 in 2018, a change of 1.1 percent over the period.




Table I.32 Total Employment and Real Personal Income

State of Iowa BEA Data 1969 Through 2018

Year

1,000s of 2019 Dollars Per

Capita Income

Total Employment

Average Real Earnings

Per Job Earnings Social

Security Contributions

Residents Adjustments

Dividends, Interest, Rents

Transfer Payments

Personal Income

1969 45,574,419 2,963,983 486,503 8,831,702 4,667,332 56,595,974 20,175 1,289,307 35,346

1970 45,388,917 2,940,238 502,488 9,422,696 5,142,768 57,516,630 20,337 1,294,601 35,060

1971 44,696,191 3,090,365 479,502 9,789,102 5,558,288 57,432,718 20,138 1,297,368 34,450

1972 48,486,794 3,397,598 488,586 10,328,638 5,749,121 61,655,541 21,556 1,316,204 36,837

1973 56,283,438 4,167,342 438,010 11,320,964 6,294,281 70,169,350 24,500 1,374,443 40,950

1974 52,330,872 4,491,341 375,241 11,837,820 6,689,486 66,742,077 23,270 1,406,738 37,199

1975 52,508,246 4,392,111 404,208 12,137,362 7,591,080 68,248,784 23,685 1,406,934 37,320

1976 52,725,690 4,716,832 357,064 12,502,044 7,916,429 68,784,395 23,689 1,454,869 36,240

1977 54,863,621 4,901,095 248,596 13,377,172 7,877,128 71,465,422 24,521 1,487,748 36,876

1978 60,018,117 5,245,716 229,272 13,904,127 8,109,950 77,015,750 26,384 1,512,816 39,674

1979 58,706,830 5,665,766 229,409 14,545,285 8,389,307 76,205,065 26,126 1,553,843 37,780

1980 54,419,633 5,469,365 260,821 16,130,537 9,070,106 74,411,733 25,537 1,536,822 35,409

1981 54,799,405 5,621,872 308,341 18,019,393 9,427,644 76,932,912 26,455 1,507,346 36,355

1982 49,771,653 5,359,595 456,821 19,431,109 10,121,212 74,421,201 25,767 1,470,793 33,839

1983 48,077,075 5,339,252 469,327 19,306,833 10,438,211 72,952,194 25,414 1,474,129 32,614

1984 53,094,554 5,700,391 513,456 20,243,093 10,320,251 78,470,962 27,451 1,499,477 35,408

1985 53,426,893 5,785,851 574,425 19,851,579 10,615,804 78,682,849 27,805 1,495,071 35,736

1986 54,712,862 5,986,311 553,768 19,597,530 10,799,853 79,677,701 28,539 1,493,527 36,634

1987 57,665,135 6,250,857 528,225 18,791,861 10,765,344 81,499,708 29,454 1,514,302 38,080

1988 58,012,289 6,709,705 591,514 18,589,349 10,870,774 81,354,222 29,387 1,556,965 37,260

1989 60,895,061 6,892,204 588,279 19,459,407 11,168,290 85,218,834 30,758 1,600,251 38,054

1990 62,060,272 7,198,041 563,450 19,380,642 11,699,861 86,506,183 31,106 1,634,995 37,957

1991 61,309,742 7,314,117 637,331 18,788,549 12,164,252 85,585,757 30,592 1,654,110 37,064

1992 65,322,520 7,558,476 686,265 18,475,159 12,847,350 89,772,817 31,852 1,669,175 39,134

1993 63,781,459 7,781,275 653,893 18,328,962 13,136,552 88,119,591 31,061 1,691,565 37,706

1994 69,605,885 8,207,523 674,886 18,646,075 13,368,731 94,088,054 33,004 1,724,805 40,356

1995 69,703,109 8,441,704 756,472 20,059,209 13,793,738 95,870,824 33,434 1,784,926 39,051

1996 74,684,312 8,262,295 812,307 21,148,291 14,228,545 102,611,161 35,629 1,815,405 41,139

1997 76,918,839 8,915,752 911,315 22,280,447 14,383,284 105,578,133 36,518 1,841,110 41,778

1998 79,758,696 9,386,931 1,036,790 23,454,363 14,580,960 109,443,876 37,701 1,877,486 42,482

1999 81,828,552 9,648,121 1,170,566 22,570,547 14,908,062 110,829,607 37,986 1,896,080 43,157

2000 85,219,961 9,793,513 1,267,392 23,450,003 15,617,309 115,761,153 39,521 1,915,254 44,496

2001 85,297,274 9,809,610 1,274,103 23,181,005 16,538,578 116,481,350 39,728 1,902,198 44,841

2002 85,858,256 9,866,547 1,306,738 22,112,223 17,926,202 117,336,873 39,989 1,879,713 45,676

2003 87,403,680 10,127,971 1,322,757 21,531,277 17,524,009 117,653,752 39,990 1,873,330 46,656

2004 93,758,978 10,379,934 1,310,372 21,552,401 17,679,848 123,921,666 41,956 1,902,227 49,290

2005 93,918,239 10,593,772 1,165,025 21,293,037 18,319,230 124,101,759 41,864 1,933,919 48,563

2006 95,540,074 10,833,159 1,049,062 22,602,813 19,610,371 127,969,160 42,904 1,965,778 48,602

2007 98,528,933 11,078,930 1,310,681 24,412,076 20,318,058 133,490,819 44,509 1,994,031 49,412

2008 100,663,880 11,374,688 1,369,429 25,168,154 22,704,878 138,531,654 45,921 1,997,615 50,392

2009 95,690,925 11,146,861 1,359,483 23,183,981 24,105,469 133,192,997 43,917 1,959,142 48,843

2010 97,686,454 11,385,141 1,388,061 22,816,597 25,392,281 135,898,251 44,545 1,950,444 50,084

2011 102,190,709 10,410,728 1,495,470 25,241,432 25,260,187 143,777,070 46,893 1,975,960 51,716

2012 105,253,462 10,544,204 1,381,406 27,505,578 24,700,561 148,296,801 48,209 1,993,430 52,800

2013 108,133,151 11,910,485 1,336,510 26,096,611 24,807,807 148,463,595 47,998 2,019,480 53,545

2014 108,643,733 12,048,712 1,135,913 27,661,080 25,630,723 151,022,736 48,568 2,038,926 53,285

2015 110,219,158 12,209,241 1,065,475 29,063,146 26,676,689 154,815,226 49,597 2,059,398 53,520

2016 108,997,171 12,616,854 1,112,764 29,870,487 27,050,050 154,413,619 49,306 2,066,052 52,757

2017 109,312,527 12,715,844 1,491,387 31,002,188 26,414,433 155,504,690 49,466 2,066,284 52,903

2018 111,656,868 12,920,852 1,442,594 32,725,970 28,061,274 160,965,854 51,001 2,087,993 53,476




Diagram I.11 shows real average earnings per job for State of Iowa and the United States from 1990

to 2018. Over this period the average earning per job for State of Iowa was 46,575 dollars.

Diagram I.11

Real Average Earnings per Job




Per capita income is a broader measure of wealth than real average earnings per job, which only

captures the working population. Diagram I.12 shows real per capita income for State of Iowa from

1990 to 2018. Diagram I.12

Real per Capita Income




Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages

The BLS produces the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), which reports monthly

data on employment and quarterly data on wages and number of business establishments. QCEW

employment data represent only filled jobs, whether full or part-time, temporary, or permanent, by

place of work the pay period. If data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards they are

displayed as (ND), not disclosed. Data from this series are from the period of January 2010 through

December 2019 and are presented in Table I.33. Between 2018 and 2019, total annual employment

increased from 1,549,958 persons in 2018 to 1,553,166 in 2019, a change of 0.2 percent.

Table I.33

Total Monthly Employment State of Iowa

BLS QCEW Data, 2001–2019 Period 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Jan 1,398,091 1,409,306 1,431,414 1,451,727 1,472,338 1,493,682 1,503,561 1,504,058 1,514,063 1,524,876

Feb 1,398,468 1,410,533 1,434,310 1,455,647 1,476,402 1,496,326 1,507,020 1,509,581 1,518,441 1,519,624

Mar 1,410,672 1,421,638 1,448,747 1,463,896 1,485,039 1,504,831 1,518,604 1,518,186 1,525,225 1,526,507

Apr 1,439,245 1,449,456 1,472,092 1,484,708 1,511,147 1,528,558 1,542,180 1,541,194 1,544,466 1,551,474

May 1,454,530 1,464,836 1,489,968 1,507,602 1,531,343 1,545,980 1,552,120 1,553,330 1,566,142 1,567,815

Jun 1,465,955 1,479,746 1,504,584 1,523,906 1,547,638 1,560,959 1,564,943 1,571,744 1,582,894 1,584,915

Jul 1,442,038 1,459,414 1,483,015 1,506,006 1,520,208 1,536,239 1,548,602 1,544,317 1,556,103 1,559,201

Aug 1,433,231 1,457,013 1,480,828 1,509,668 1,523,378 1,531,927 1,544,146 1,541,750 1,550,295 1,555,700

Sep 1,443,569 1,470,309 1,489,769 1,512,732 1,530,096 1,536,145 1,549,769 1,546,162 1,555,033 1,556,719

Oct 1,450,372 1,470,324 1,491,069 1,512,510 1,530,584 1,543,185 1,551,732 1,550,886 1,561,170 1,564,398

Nov 1,452,313 1,473,005 1,495,158 1,517,891 1,533,548 1,544,931 1,551,409 1,554,144 1,566,205 1,566,369

Dec 1,447,601 1,467,642 1,489,658 1,510,822 1,528,148 1,540,045 1,542,932 1,549,871 1,558,704 1,560,399

Annual 1,436,340 1,452,769 1,475,884 1,496,426 1,515,822 1,530,234 1,539,752 1,540,435 1,549,958 1,553,166

% Change -0.6% 1.1% 1.6% 1.4% 1.3% 1% 0.6% 0.04% 0.6% 0.2%

The QCEW also reports average weekly wages, which represents total compensation paid during the

calendar quarter, regardless of when services were performed. The BLS QCEW data indicated average

weekly wages were 914 dollars in 2018. In 2019, average weekly wages saw an increased of 2.4

percent over the prior year, rising to 936 dollars, or by 22 dollars. These data are shown in Table

I.34.




Table I.34 Average Weekly Wages

State of Iowa BLS QCEW Data, 2001–2019

Year First

Quarter Second Quarter

Third Quarter

Fourth Quarter

Annual % Change

2002 566 557 561 598 571 2.9%

2003 583 572 580 626 591 3.5%

2004 606 591 604 667 617 4.4%

2005 616 614 641 672 636 3.1%

2006 662 639 641 698 660 3.8%

2007 685 664 668 733 687 4.1%

2008 710 683 696 755 711 3.5%

2009 708 686 694 771 715 0.6%

2010 706 708 720 799 734 2.7%

2011 737 725 760 792 754 2.7%

2012 785 742 756 821 776 2.9%

2013 800 757 772 834 791 1.9%

2014 824 780 799 870 818 3.4%

2015 847 802 822 920 848 3.7%

2016 844 826 874 911 864 1.9%

2017 899 852 855 938 886 2.5%

2018 921 880 887 966 914 3.2%

2019 943 902 914 984 936 2.4%

Total business establishments reported by the QCEW are displayed in Table I.35. Between 2018 and

2019, the total number of business establishments in Iowa increased by 2.4 percent, from 102,889

to 104,265 establishments. The most recent 2019 estimates show there were 104,617 business

establishments in the fourth quarter of 2019.

Table I.35

Number of Business Establishments State of Iowa

BLS QCEW Data, 2001–2019

Year First

Quarter

Second

Quarter

Third

Quarter

Fourth

Quarter Annual % Change

2001 93,616 93,738 88,247 88,424 91,006

2002 88,569 89,196 88,980 88,951 88,924 -2.3%

2003 89,382 89,821 90,313 90,671 90,047 1.3%

2004 91,237 91,453 91,845 91,205 91,435 1.5%

2005 91,244 91,558 91,928 91,909 91,660 0.2%

2006 91,734 92,448 93,056 92,818 92,514 0.9%

2007 92,986 93,695 94,141 93,882 93,676 1.3%

2008 93,453 94,154 94,568 94,424 94,150 0.5%

2009 94,166 94,397 94,579 94,058 94,300 0.2%

2010 94,108 94,429 94,415 93,633 94,146 -0.2%

2011 93,300 93,519 93,804 94,774 93,849 -0.3%

2012 94,730 95,139 95,697 96,496 95,516 1.8%

2013 96,806 97,632 98,019 98,123 97,645 2.2%

2014 98,496 99,473 99,798 99,905 99,418 1.8%

2015 99,757 100,273 100,659 100,367 100,264 0.9%

2016 100,735 100,938 101,317 101,644 101,159 0.9%

2017 100,772 101,275 102,084 102,304 101,609 0.4%

2018 102,367 102,851 103,146 103,325 102,889 1.3%

2019 103,583 104,240 104,620 104,617 104,265 1.3%




Iowa Department of Revenue

The Iowa Department of Revenue releases annual income tax statistics. Table I.36 shows the number

of returns by adjusted gross income. For taxpayer confidentiality, if the number of returns was fewer

than 5, the data was redacted. As a result, the number of returns reported maybe slightly lower than

the actual returns. Most redacted records occurred in the highest income brackets. The table gives an

accurate measure of the income distribution in State of Iowa.

As can be seen, the total number of returns between 2010 and 2018 increased by 6.5 percent, with

144,210 returns reported in 2018, which was the most recent year available. Between 2010 and

2018, the adjusted gross income class that saw the largest change was 0-9,999 dollars with a change

of 82.1 percent. This compared to the income class of 20,000-29,999 dollars, which saw the lowest

percentage change between 2010 and 2018 of -9.2 percent.

Table I.36

Number of Tax Returns by Adjusted Gross Income State of Iowa

Iowa DOR 2002 - 2018

Year $0 –

9,999 $10,000 –

19,999 $20,000 –

29,999 $30,000 –

39,999 $40,000 –

49,999 $50,000 –

59,999 $60,000 –

74,999 $75,000 –

99,999 $100,000 –

124,999

$125,000 and

above Total

2002 276,327 202,995 178,870 137,767 110,528 88,573 95,641 78,002 28,295 35,999 1,232,997

2003 272,785 198,240 175,617 137,289 109,580 87,694 96,504 83,907 31,224 40,077 1,232,917

2004 268,407 195,659 173,633 137,901 110,364 88,540 100,555 92,565 35,680 46,272 1,249,576

2005 261,342 192,935 173,769 138,773 111,395 89,318 103,137 98,810 40,079 52,749 1,262,307

2006 253,850 190,324 173,367 141,356 112,674 90,664 106,776 106,551 45,269 61,064 1,281,895

2007 265,577 195,156 177,413 145,614 114,253 92,110 109,329 114,808 52,233 70,741 1,337,234

2008 257,794 193,732 175,698 145,514 112,741 91,535 109,407 117,408 57,170 74,813 1,335,812

2009 260,376 197,563 178,651 142,703 110,527 89,988 106,709 114,483 57,050 73,132 1,331,182

2010 256,442 202,601 176,459 144,247 111,283 89,829 107,558 116,944 59,709 79,193 1,344,265

2011 262,340 201,522 175,233 144,510 112,102 89,547 105,779 120,156 63,072 88,633 1,362,894

2012 255,288 199,096 174,892 145,377 112,564 89,760 107,235 122,731 66,945 100,952 1,374,840

2013 255,661 199,227 176,078 147,466 113,978 89,454 106,958 124,773 70,332 105,534 1,389,461

2014 254,125 198,914 176,187 149,487 115,532 90,642 107,258 127,054 74,082 113,728 1,407,009

2015 255,777 196,500 175,349 151,628 117,916 90,940 107,365 128,032 76,753 120,434 1,420,694

2016 252,177 192,916 175,099 153,165 119,776 91,690 106,019 127,599 77,868 124,938 1,421,247

2017 245,658 189,632 172,766 152,956 122,883 93,409 107,976 128,526 80,847 132,757 1,427,410

2018 234,936 183,981 169,359 153,412 124,890 95,938 109,177 130,923 84,541 144,210 1,431,367

Change 10 - 18

-8.4% -9.2% -4% 6.4% 12.2% 6.8% 1.5% 12% 41.6% 82.1% 6.5%




Diagram I.13 Income Distribution

State of Iowa DOR Data 2002 – 2018




Poverty

Poverty is the condition of having insufficient resources or

income. In its extreme form, poverty is a lack of basic human

needs, such as adequate and healthy food, clothing, housing,

water, and health services. According to the Census Bureau’s

Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates Program, the number

of individuals in poverty decreased from 368,965 in 2010 to

342,574 in 2018, with the poverty rate reaching 11.2 percent

in 2018. This compared to a national rate of 13.1 percent in

2018. Table I.37, at right, presents poverty data for the county.

The rate of poverty for State of Iowa is shown in Table I.38. In

2018, the poverty rate was 11.7 percent meaning there were an

estimated 353,634 people living in poverty, compared to 9.1

percent living in poverty in 2000. In 2018, some 10.7 percent

of those in poverty were under age 6 and 9.9 percent were 65

or older. This data is also displayed in Diagram I.14 on the

following page.

Table I.38 Poverty by Age

State of Iowa 2000 Census SF3 & 2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Age 2000 Census 2018 Five-Year ACS

Persons in Poverty % of Total Persons in Poverty % of Total

Under 6 29,202 11.3% 37,701 10.7%

6 to 17 50,045 19.4% 63,795 18%

18 to 64 147,643 57.2% 217,249 61.4%

65 or Older 31,118 12.1% 34,889 9.9%

Total 258,008 100.0% 353,634 100.0%

Poverty Rate 9.1% . 11.7% .

Table I.37 Persons in Poverty

State of Iowa 2000–2018 SAIPE Estimates

Year Persons in

Poverty Poverty Rate

2000 237,684 8.3% 2001 236,115 8.2% 2002 262,013 9.1% 2003 263,817 9.1% 2004 304,598 10.5% 2005 308,713 10.8% 2006 315,973 11.0% 2007 316,303 11.0% 2008 331,057 11.4% 2009 342,309 11.8% 2010 368,965 12.5% 2011 376,300 12.7% 2012 377,110 12.7% 2013 377,037 12.6% 2014 368,678 12.3% 2015 366,453 12.1% 2016 354,429 11.7% 2017 328,629 10.8% 2018 342,574 11.2%




Diagram I.14 Poverty Rates




Economic Summary

Iowa’s labor force has grown from 1,451,750 persons in 1990 to 1,738,824 persons in 2019, or by

19.7 percent. The State’s unemployment rate fell from a high of 6.4 percent in 2009 to 2.7 percent

in 2019, well below the national rate of 3.7 percent.

Iowa’s real average wages per job, as derived from BEA data through 2018, are lower than U.S.

averages, at $53,476 for the State of Iowa versus $61,249 for the U.S. Real per capita income in Iowa,

defined as total personal income divided by population, more than doubled over the 1970 to 2018

period, from $20,337 to $51,001, but still remained below the national average of $55,398 in 2018.

The Iowa Department of Revenue annual income tax statistics showed the total number of returns

between 2010 and 2018 increased by 6.5 percent, with 1,413,367 returns reported in 2018. Between

2010 and 2018, the adjusted gross income class that saw the largest change was $125,000 and above

with a growth of 82.1 percent, compared to the income class of $10,000-19,999 which decreased

by 8.4 percent. In 2018, returns that had an income between $0 and $9,999 accounted for 16.4

percent of returns, while returns with incomes of $125,000 and above represented 10 percent in

2018.

In 2018, the poverty rate for the State of Iowa increased from 10.8 percent to 11.2 percent or 342,574

persons, below the national average of 13.1 percent. The State of Iowa’s poverty rate had been

trending down since a peak of 12.7 percent in 2011, with 2018 representing the first year of an

increase in the poverty rate since 2011.




Housing Housing Estimates

The Census Bureau estimates that the total number of housing units increased by 6.2 percent in State

of Iowa between 2010 and 2019, from 1,336,417 to 1,418,626, as shown in Table I.39.

Table I.39 Housing Units

State of Iowa 2000 and 2019 Census Data and Intercensal

Estimates

Subject Iowa % Growth

Since Census

2000 Census Base 1,232,625 .

2010 Census 1,336,417 8.4%

July 2011 Estimate 1,343,427 0.5%

July 2012 Estimate 1,348,745 0.9%

July 2013 Estimate 1,356,423 1.5%

July 2014 Estimate 1,366,191 2.2%

July 2015 Estimate 1,375,304 2.9%

July 2016 Estimate 1,385,453 3.7%

July 2017 Estimate 1,397,680 4.6%

July 2018 Estimate 1,409,413 5.5%

July 2019 Estimate 1,418,626 6.2%




Housing Production

The Census Bureau reports building permit authorizations and “per unit” valuation of building

permits by county annually. Single-family construction usually represents most residential

development in the county. Single-family building permit authorizations in State of Iowa increased

from 7,326 authorizations in 2018 to 7,880 in 2019.

The real value of single-family building permits increased from 250,478 dollars in 2018 to 251,517

dollars in 2019. This compares to an increase in permit value statewide, with values rising from

250,478 dollars in 2018 to 251,517 dollars in 2019. Additional details are given in Table I.40 as well

as in Diagram I.15 and Diagram I.16.

Table I.40

Building Permits and Valuation State of Iowa

Census Bureau Data, 1980–2019

Year

Authorized Construction in Permit Issuing Areas Per Unit Valuation,

(Real 2019$)

Single- Family

Duplex Units

Tri- and Four-Plex

Multi-Family Units

Total Units

Single-Family Units

Multi-Family Units

1980 4,899 604 782 2,591 8,876 120,533 61,375

1981 3,652 314 619 1,101 5,686 113,933 64,521 1982 3,128 186 408 1,659 5,381 103,966 55,896 1983 4,040 310 420 2,335 7,105 114,272 49,970 1984 3,948 210 266 2,576 7,000 114,372 53,635 1985 2,790 128 266 2,006 5,190 122,141 63,762 1986 3,085 196 174 2,017 5,472 130,704 55,945 1987 3,815 112 206 1,645 5,778 134,994 47,155 1988 4,414 182 260 1,929 6,785 143,605 65,409 1989 4,911 240 408 1,833 7,392 144,278 59,704 1990 5,249 162 383 1,843 7,637 148,999 61,002 1991 6,008 190 252 1,662 8,112 150,272 57,214 1992 7,291 268 500 2,596 10,655 157,010 61,997 1993 7,557 298 335 2,594 10,784 166,281 58,849 1994 7,922 366 527 3,684 12,499 163,905 60,077 1995 7,366 338 384 3,330 11,418 170,584 64,800 1996 8,023 444 441 3,245 12,153 166,957 63,472 1997 7,441 374 345 2,626 10,786 173,547 66,175 1998 8,989 376 504 3,395 13,264 178,326 77,318 1999 9,701 416 549 2,825 13,491 181,692 72,979 2000 8,552 474 392 3,164 12,582 186,450 74,271 2001 8,877 402 441 3,441 13,161 192,910 84,889 2002 10,108 480 435 3,870 14,893 190,585 87,019 2003 11,975 386 439 3,416 16,216 198,400 105,229 2004 12,374 444 406 3,121 16,345 207,015 93,863 2005 12,812 358 523 3,073 16,766 207,470 100,376 2006 10,250 334 287 2,486 13,357 206,904 121,750 2007 8,674 296 292 1,909 11,171 212,748 108,574 2008 6,285 170 223 1,734 8,412 209,859 121,843 2009 5,705 230 245 1,549 7,729 209,953 107,227 2010 5,952 270 180 1,205 7,607 209,167 106,224 2011 5,876 190 119 1,342 7,527 216,588 90,193 2012 6,814 216 192 2,279 9,501 222,406 124,360 2013 7,653 312 126 2,861 10,952 233,732 131,028 2014 7,056 338 221 2,708 10,323 238,794 120,871 2015 7,424 586 200 3,887 12,097 248,176 122,434 2016 8,203 384 158 5,572 14,317 250,345 126,328 2017 8,069 320 154 5,407 13,950 243,345 110,896 2018 7,326 492 117 3,591 11,526 250,478 104,315 2019 7,880 348 274 3,373 11,875 251,517 128,247




Diagram I.15 Single-Family Permits




Diagram I.16 Total Permits by Unit Type




Housing Characteristics

Households by type and tenure are shown in Table I.41. Family households represented 63.7 percent

of households, while non-family households accounted for 36.3 percent. These changed from 64.7

and 35.3 percent, respectively.

Table I.41 Household Type by Tenure

State of Iowa 2010 Census SF1 & 2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Household Type 2010 Census 2018 Five-Year ACS

Households % of Total Households % of Total

Family Households 790,034 64.7% 800,510 63.7%

Married-Couple Family 625,173 79.1% 634,021 79.2%

Owner-Occupied 553,115 88.5% 554,798 87.5%

Renter-Occupied 72,058 11.5% 79,223 12.5%

Other Family 164,861 20.9% 166,489 20.6%

Male Householder, No Spouse Present 51,105 31% 53,290 30.7%

Owner-Occupied 31,474 61.6% 33,940 63.7%

Renter-Occupied 19,631 38.4% 19,350 36.3%

Female Householder, No Spouse Present 113,756 69% 113,199 68.3%

Owner-Occupied 60,639 53.3% 57,503 50.8%

Renter-Occupied 53,117 46.7% 55,696 49.2%

Non-Family Households 431,542 35.3% 456,345 36.3%

Owner-Occupied 235,407 54.6% 247,911 54.3%

Renter-Occupied 196,135 45.4% 208,434 45.7%

Total 1,221,576 100.0% 1,256,855 100.0%

Table I.42, below, shows housing units by type in 2010 and 2018. In 2010, there were 1,327,302

housing units, compared with 1,386,722 in 2018. Single-family units accounted for 77.3 percent of

units in 2018, compared to 77.3 in 2010. Apartment units accounted for 13.2 percent in 2018,

compared to 12.4 percent in 2010.

Table I.42 Housing Units by Type


Unit Type 2010 Five-Year ACS 2018 Five-Year ACS

Units % of Total Units % of Total

Single-Family 1,025,719 77.3% 1,071,692 77.3%

Duplex 34,809 2.6% 31,756 2.3%

Tri- or Four-Plex 47,140 3.6% 47,581 3.4%

Apartment 164,124 12.4% 183,480 13.2%

Mobile Home 55,227 4.2% 51,765 3.7%

Boat, RV, Van, Etc. 283 0% 448 0%

Total 1,327,302 100.0% 1,386,722 100.0%




Table I.43 shows housing units by tenure from 2010 to 2018. By 2018, there were 1,386,722 housing

units. An estimated 71.1 percent were owner-occupied, and 9.4 percent were vacant.

Table I.43 Housing Units by Tenure


Tenure 2010 Census 2018 Five-Year ACS


Occupied Housing Units 1,221,576 91.4% 1,256,855 90.6%

Owner-Occupied 880,635 72.1% 894,152 71.1%

Renter-Occupied 340,941 27.9% 362,703 28.9%

Vacant Housing Units 114,841 8.6% 129,867 9.4%

Total Housing Units 1,336,417 100.0% 1,386,722 100.0%

Households by income for the 2010 and 2018 Five-Year ACS are shown in Table I.44. Households

earning more than 100,000 dollars per year represented 23.8 percent of households in 2018,

compared to 15.3 percent in 2010. Meanwhile, households earning less than 15,000 dollars

accounted for 9.9 percent of households in 2018, compared to 12.1 percent in 2000.

Table I.44 Households by Income


Income 2010 Five-Year ACS 2018 Five-Year ACS


Less than $15,000 147,685 12.1% 124,158 9.9%

$15,000 to $19,999 68,984 5.7% 59,026 4.7%

$20,000 to $24,999 71,633 5.9% 60,647 4.8%

$25,000 to $34,999 139,627 11.5% 121,157 9.6%

$35,000 to $49,999 192,999 15.9% 171,819 13.7%

$50,000 to $74,999 252,163 20.7% 242,888 19.3%

$75,000 to $99,999 157,288 12.9% 178,095 14.2%

$100,000 or More 185,575 15.3% 299,065 23.8%

Total 1,215,954 100.0% 1,256,855 100.0%




Table I.45 shows households by year home built for the 2010 and 2018 Five-Year ACS Data. Housing

units built between 2000 and 2009, account for 10.2 percent of households in 2010 and 11.7 percent

of households in 2018. Housing units built in 1939 or earlier represented 24.5 percent of households

in 2018 and 27.2 percent of households in 2010.

Table I.45 Households by Year Home Built


Year Built 2010 Five-Year ACS 2018 Five-Year ACS


1939 or Earlier 330,745 27.2% 307,645 24.5%

1940 to 1949 76,099 6.3% 65,578 5.2%

1950 to 1959 138,829 11.4% 129,688 10.3%

1960 to 1969 131,117 10.8% 132,602 10.6%

1970 to 1979 187,614 15.4% 185,277 14.7%

1980 to 1989 92,689 7.6% 94,039 7.5%

1990 to 1999 134,462 11.1% 136,832 10.9%

2000 to 2009 124,399 10.2% 146,540 11.7%

2010 or Later . . 58,654 4.7%

Total 1,215,954 100.0% 1,256,855 100.0%

The distribution of unit types by race are shown in Table I.46. An estimated 80.5 percent of white

households occupy single-family homes, compared to 45.4 percent of black households. Some 11.2

percent of white households occupied apartments, compared to 37.5 percent of black households.

An estimated 56.8 percent of Asian, and 70.1 percent of American Indian households occupy single-

family homes.

Table I.46 Distribution of Units in Structure by Race


Unit Type White Black American

Indian Asian

Native Hawaiian/Pacific

Islanders Other

Two or More Races

Single-Family 80.5% 45.4% 70.1% 56.8% 62.1% 61.6% 57.8%

Duplex 1.9% 5.7% 6.7% 2.1% 4.6% 2.9% 3.3%

Tri- or Four-Plex

2.9% 9.2% 4.4% 4.6% 16.7% 5.1% 6.9%

Apartment 11.2% 37.5% 12.5% 34.2% 15% 19% 28.9%

Mobile Home 3.4% 2% 6.2% 2.2% 1.6% 11.5% 2.8%

Boat, RV, Van, Etc.

0% 0.1% 0% 0.2% 0% 0% 0.3%

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%




The disposition of vacant units between 2010 and 2018 are shown in Table I.47. An estimated 27.7

percent of vacant units were for rent in 2010. In addition, some 16 percent of vacant units were for

sale. “Other” vacant units represented 31.5 percent of vacant units in 2010. “Other” vacant units are

not for sale or rent, or otherwise available to the marketplace. These units may be problematic if

concentrated in certain areas and may create a “blighting” effect.

By 2018, for rent units accounted for 19.6 percent of vacant units, while for sale units accounted for

10.4 percent. “Other” vacant units accounted for 42 percent of vacant units, representing a total of

54,554 “other” vacant units.

Table I.47 Disposition of Vacant Housing Units


Disposition 2010 Census 2018 Five-Year ACS


For Rent 31,812 27.7% 25,479 19.6%

For Sale 18,405 16% 13,482 10.4%

Rented Not Occupied 1,803 1.6% 5,729 4.4%

Sold Not Occupied 5,555 4.8% 7,275 5.6%

For Seasonal, Recreational, or Occasional Use 21,020 18.3% 23,000 17.7%

For Migrant Workers 87 0.1% 348 0.3%

Other Vacant 36,159 31.5% 54,554 42%

Total 114,841 100.0% 129,867 100.0%

Table I.48, below, shows the number of households in the county by number of bedrooms and

tenure. There were 14,704 rental households with no bedrooms, otherwise known as studio

apartments. Two-bedroom households accounted for 9.2 percent of total households in State of Iowa.

In State of Iowa the 529,811 households with three bedrooms accounted for 27.8 percent of all

households, and there were only 72,497 five-bedroom or more households, which accounted for

17.9 percent of all households.

Table I.48 Households by Number of Bedrooms


Number of Bedrooms

Tenure % of Total

Own Rent Total

None 1,535 14,704 21,857 100

One 18,968 89,748 128,134 1.6

Two 191,003 149,665 386,180 9.2

Three 412,501 77,250 529,811 27.8

Four 208,779 24,464 248,243 38.2

Five or more 61,366 6,872 72,497 17.9

Total 1,256,855 362,703 1,386,722 100.0




As shown in Table I.49, the age of a structure influences its value. Structures built in 1939 or earlier

had a median value of 95,300 dollars, while structures built between 1950 and 1959 had a median

value of 114,700 dollars, and those built between 1990 and 1999 had a median value of 202,900

dollards. The newest structures tend to have the highest values and those built between 2010 and

2013 and from 2014 or later had median values of 273,300 dollars and 317,200 dollars, respectively.

The total median value in State of Iowa was 142,300 dollars according to the 2018 ACS.

Table I.49 Owner Occupied Median Value by Year

Structure Built State of Iowa

2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Year Structure Built Median Value

1939 or earlier 95,300

1940 to 1949 96,900

1950 to 1959 114,700

1960 to 1969 135,600

1970 to 1979 147,700

1980 to 1989 166,100

1990 to 1999 202,900

2000 to 2009 241,500

2010 to 2013 273,300

2014 or later 317,200

Median Value 142,300




Household mortgage status is reported in Table I.50. In, State of Iowa households with a mortgage

accounted for 60.7 percent of all households or 542,373 housing units, and the remaining 52 percent

or 464,711 units had no mortgage. Of those units with a mortgage, 74,789 had either a second

mortgage or home equity loan, 2,873 had both a second mortgage and home equity loan, and

464,711 or 52 percent had no second mortgage or no home equity loan.

Table I.50 Mortgage Status


Mortgage Status State of Iowa

Households % of Households

Housing units with a mortgage, contract to purchase, or similar debt 542,373 60.7

With either a second mortgage or home equity loan, but not both 74,789 8.4

Second mortgage only 19,591 2.2

Home equity loan only 55,198 6.2

Both second mortgage and home equity loan 2,873 0.3

No second mortgage and no home equity loan 464,711 52

Housing units without a mortgage 351,779 39.3

Total 894,152 100.0%

Table I.51 lists the State of Iowa median rent as $621 and the median home value as $142,300 in

2018.

Table I.51 Median Rent


Place Price

Median Rent $621

Median Home Value $142,300




Housing Problems

The Census identified the following four housing problems. Households are considered to have

housing problems if they have one of more of the four problems.

1. Housing unit lacks complete kitchen facilities,

2. Housing unit lacks complete plumbing facilities,

3. Household is overcrowded; and

4. Household is cost burdened.

Housing problems and cost burdens are important concepts in identifying housing affordability and

current housing need. There are two different data sources in this document that display information

about housing problems. The tables below are from the 5-year American Community Survey and are

useful for studying housing problem trends over time. However, these estimates do not report

income, family, racial or age breakdowns of units suffering a housing problem. To examine housing

problems in further detail, the Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data on page

I.68 offers an in-depth look at the characteristics of households with a housing problem.

Overcrowding is defined as having from 1.1 to 1.5 people per room per residence, with severe

overcrowding defined as having more than 1.5 people per room. Households with overcrowding are

shown in Table I.52. In 2018, an estimated 1.2 percent of households were overcrowded, and an

additional 0.4 percent were severely overcrowded.

Table I.52 Overcrowding and Severe Overcrowding


Data Source

No Overcrowding Overcrowding Severe Overcrowding

Total

Households % of Total Households % of Total Households % of Total

Owner

2010 Five-Year ACS 882,055 99.1% 6,538 0.7% 1,319 0.1% 889,912

2018 Five-Year ACS 885,038 99% 7,386 0.8% 1,728 0.2% 894,152

Renter

2010 Five-Year ACS 317,344 97.3% 6,536 2% 2,162 0.7% 326,042

2018 Five-Year ACS 351,153 96.8% 7,946 2.2% 3,604 1% 362,703

Total

2010 Five-Year ACS 1,199,399 98.6% 13,074 1.1% 3,481 0.3% 1,215,954

2018 Five-Year ACS 1,236,191 98.4% 15,332 1.2% 5,332 0.4% 1,256,855




Incomplete plumbing and kitchen facilities are another indicator of potential housing problems.

According to the Census Bureau, a housing unit is classified as lacking complete plumbing facilities

when any of the following are not present: piped hot and cold water, a flush toilet, and a bathtub or

shower. Likewise, a unit is categorized as deficient when any of the following are missing from the

kitchen: a sink with piped hot and cold water, a range or cook top and oven, and a refrigerator. This

data is displayed in Table I.53 and Table I.54, below.

There was a total of 3,527 households with incomplete plumbing facilities in 2018, representing 0.3

percent of households in State of Iowa. This is compared to 0.4 percent of households lacking

complete plumbing facilities in 2010.

Table I.53 Households with Incomplete Plumbing Facilities

2010 and 2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Households 2010 Five-Year ACS 2018 Five-Year ACS

With Complete Plumbing Facilities 1,210,973 1,253,328

Lacking Complete Plumbing Facilities 4,981 3,527

Total Households 1,215,954 1,256,855

Percent Lacking 0.4% 0.3%

There were 11,496 households lacking complete kitchen facilities in 2018, compared to 8,978

households in 2010. This was a change from 0.7 percent of households in 2010 to 0.9 percent in

2018.

Table I.54 Households with Incomplete Kitchen Facilities

State of Iowa 2010 and 2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Households 2010 Five-Year ACS 2018 Five-Year

ACS

With Complete Kitchen Facilities 1,206,976 1,245,359

Lacking Complete Kitchen Facilities 8,978 11,496

Total Households 1,215,954 1,256,855

Percent Lacking 0.7% 0.9%

Cost burden is defined as gross housing costs that range from 30.0 to 50.0 percent of gross household

income; severe cost burden is defined as gross housing costs that exceed 50.0 percent of gross

household income. For homeowners, gross housing costs include property taxes, insurance, energy

payments, water, and sewer service, and refuse collection. If the homeowner has a mortgage, the

determination also includes principal and interest payments on the mortgage loan. For renters, this

figure represents monthly rent and selected electricity and natural gas energy charges.




As seen in Table I.55, in State of Iowa 13.2 percent of households had a cost burden and 9.9 percent

had a severe cost burden. Some 19.9 percent of renters were cost burdened, and 19.9 percent were

severely cost burdened. Owner-occupied households without a mortgage had a cost burden rate of

6.7 percent and a severe cost burden rate of 4.3 percent. Owner occupied households with a

mortgage had a cost burden rate of 13 percent, and severe cost burden at 6.9 percent.

Table I.55 Cost Burden and Severe Cost Burden by Tenure


Data Source

Less Than 30% 31%-50% Above 50% Not Computed

Total

Households % of Total Households % of Total Households % of Total Households % of Total

Owner with a Mortgage

2010 Five-Year ACS

421,851 75.2% 94,506 16.9% 43,247 7.7% 1,034 0.2% 560,638

2018 Five-Year ACS

432,825 79.8% 70,324 13% 37,354 6.9% 1,870 0.3% 542,373

Owner Without a Mortgage

2010 Five-Year ACS

287,015 87.2% 25,116 7.6% 15,313 4.7% 1,830 0.6% 329,274

2018 Five-Year ACS

309,787 88.1% 23,704 6.7% 15,087 4.3% 3,201 0.9% 351,779

Renter

2010 Five-Year ACS

167,024 51.2% 63,353 19.4% 67,998 20.9% 27,667 8.5% 326,042

2018 Five-Year ACS

187,664 51.7% 72,162 19.9% 72,286 19.9% 30,591 8.4% 362,703

Total

2010 Five-Year ACS

875,890 72% 182,975 15% 126,558 10.4% 30,531 2.5% 1,215,954

2018 Five-Year ACS

930,276 74% 166,190 13.2% 124,727 9.9% 35,662 2.8% 1,256,855




Housing Problems by Income

Very low-income renters are those who earn less than 50 percent of the area median income (AMI),

and include a significant proportion of extremely low-income renters (who earn less than 30 percent

of AMI). Households with worst case needs are defined as very low-income renters who do not

receive government housing assistance and who pay more than 50 percent of their income for rent,

live in severely inadequate conditions, or both. Table I.56 shows that the HUD estimated MFI for

State of Iowa was $76,900 in 2019. Diagram I.17 illustrates the estimated MFI from 2000 through

2019.

Table I.56 Median Family Income

State of Iowa 2000–2019 HUD MFI

Year Median Family Income ($)

2000 49,100 2001 52,500 2002 53,700 2003 54,900 2004 55,800 2005 57,650 2006 57,800 2007 57,800 2008 58,300 2009 62,000 2010 62,400 2011 64,000 2012 64,800 2013 64,700 2014 65,300 2015 67,500 2016 68,400 2017 69,900 2018 73,100 2019 76,900

Diagram I.17

Estimated Median Family Income




Home Mortgage Loans

The FFEIC The Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) was enacted by Congress in 1975. Data

collected under the HMDA provide a comprehensive portrait of home loan activity, including

information pertaining to home purchase loans, home improvement loans, and refinancing. For the

analysis only owner-occupied originated loans for single-family units were considered. As can be

seen in Table I.57, of the 77,095 loans in 2018, 44,376 loans were for Home Purchases, 6,370 were

for Home Improvement and 20,586 were for refinancing.

Table I.57 Owner-Occupied Single-Family Home Loans by

Loan Type State of Iowa

2008 – 2018 HMDA Data

Year Home

Purchase Home

Improvement Refinancing Total

2008 29,823 6,991 33,169 69,983

2009 30,819 6,277 67,711 104,807

2010 26,134 6,349 59,807 92,290

2011 24,510 5,035 49,233 78,778

2012 27,285 5,615 68,012 100,912

2013 32,526 5,649 46,428 84,603

2014 34,386 6,123 21,506 62,015

2015 38,038 6,940 28,865 73,843

2016 41,131 6,894 33,487 81,512

2017 42,953 6,294 21,318 70,565

2018 44,376 6,370 20,586 77,095




Table I.58 shows the average loan value by loan type. Average home purchase loans were 138,407

dollars in 2012 and 154,590 dollars in 2018. Overall, average loans were 120,276 dollars in 2008

and 131,704 dollars in 2018.

Table I.58 Owner-Occupied Single-Family Home Loans by Average Loan Amount

State of Iowa

2008 – 2018 HMDA Data

Year Home

Purchase Home


2008 $129,722 $40,718 $128,552 $120,276

2009 $129,012 $47,393 $144,665 $134,237

2010 $131,285 $48,751 $142,059 $132,589

2011 $132,185 $49,416 $136,931 $129,861

2012 $138,407 $56,132 $142,705 $136,726

2013 $141,599 $49,861 $132,349 $130,398

2014 $139,568 $38,636 $128,912 $125,907

2015 $146,793 $47,362 $144,444 $136,530

2016 $153,307 $53,935 $159,714 $147,534

2017 $153,729 $53,973 $149,244 $143,476

2018 $154,590 $45,722 $129,871 $131,704

Table I.59 shows the total volume of owner-occupied single-family loans. The average home

purchase loan was 3,776,445,000 dollars in 2012 and 6,860,090,000 dollars in 2018. Overall,

average loans were 8,417,307,000 dollars in 2008 and 10,153,735,000 dollars in 2018.

Table I.59

Total Volume of Owner-Occupied Single-Family Loans State of Iowa

2008 – 2018 HMDA Data

Year Home

Purchase Home


2008 $3,868,696,000 $284,660,000 $4,263,951,000 $8,417,307,000

2009 $3,976,032,000 $297,484,000 $9,795,424,000 $14,068,940,000

2010 $3,431,004,000 $309,521,000 $8,496,102,000 $12,236,627,000

2011 $3,239,862,000 $248,812,000 $6,741,532,000 $10,230,206,000

2012 $3,776,445,000 $315,179,000 $9,705,624,000 $13,797,248,000

2013 $4,605,643,000 $281,665,000 $6,144,714,000 $11,032,022,000

2014 $4,799,201,000 $236,571,000 $2,772,372,000 $7,808,144,000

2015 $5,583,725,000 $328,695,000 $4,169,389,000 $10,081,809,000

2016 $6,305,654,000 $371,831,000 $5,348,335,000 $12,025,820,000

2017 $6,603,114,000 $339,704,000 $3,181,573,000 $10,124,391,000

2018 $6,860,090,000 $291,250,000 $2,673,530,000 $10,153,735,000




Survey of Rental Properties

Landlords and property owners have reported that they are currently showing a loss due to the effects

of the COVID-19 pandemic. They have mentioned that many of their tenants are have experienced

job loss, financial hardship, and some have even left the state. Because of this, many landlords and

property owners are working with their tenants by receiving at least half or even less of the usual

rental price and have stated that they do not currently plan on taking on any new tenants.

Unfortunately, a few property owners have also stated that after the economy begins to improve some

of their tenants may be facing eviction. There has also been an increase from previous years, of

property owners selling their rentals with many of them mentioning that they are planning on retiring

From January through June of 2020, a telephone

survey was conducted with landlords and rental

property managers throughout Iowa. Table I.60

presents some basic statistics about the

completed surveys.

Table I.61 shows the amount of total and vacant

units with their associated vacancy rates. At the

time of the survey, there were an estimated 2,540

single-family units in State of Iowa, with 89 of them available. This translates into a vacancy rate of

3.5 percent in State of Iowa, which compares to a single-family vacancy rate of 3.5 percent for the

State of Iowa. There were 42,600 apartment units reported in the survey, with 2,285 of them

available, which resulted in a vacancy rate of 5.4 percent. This compares to a statewide vacancy rate

of 3.5 percent for apartment units across the state.

Table I.61 Rental Vacancy Survey by Type

State of Iowa 2020 Survey of Rental Properties

Unit Type Total Units Vacant Units Vacancy Rate

Single-Family 2,540 89 3.5%

Apartments 42,600 2,285 5.4%

Mobile Homes 373 31 8.3%

“Other” Units 4,215 75 1.8%

Don’t Know 1,492 61 4.1%

Total 51,220 2,541 4.9%

Table I.60 Survey of Rental Properties


Year Completed

Surveys Total Units

Vacancy Rate

Absorption Rate

2017 1,036 62,050 5.8% 35.4%

2019 1,413 80,592 5.0% 30.3%

2020 805 51,220 4.9% 32.3%




Table I.62 reports units by bedroom size. As can be seen there were 10,052 two-bedroom apartment

units and 1,782 three-bedroom units. Overall, the 10,517 two-bedroom units accounted for 20.5

percent of all units, and the 2,391 three-bedroom units accounted for 4.7 percent. Several

respondents choose not to provide bedroom sizes, which accounted for the 27,220 units listed as

“Don’t Know”.

Table I.62 Rental Units by Bedroom Size


Number of Bedrooms

Single-Family Units

Apartment Units

Mobile Homes

“Other” Units

Don’t Know

Total

Efficiency 1 855 0 0 . 856

One 48 9,818 0 0 . 9,866

Two 353 10,052 90 22 . 10,517

Three 452 1,782 146 11 . 2,391

Four 174 196 0 0 . 370

Don’t Know 1,512 19,897 137 4,182 1,492 27,220

Total 2,540 42,600 373 4,215 1,492 51,220

Table I.63, at right, displays the vacancy rate

of single-family units by the number of

bedrooms. Three-bedroom units were the

most common type of reported single-family

unit, which had a vacancy rate of 3.1 percent.

Table I.63 Single-Family Units by Bedroom Size


Number of Bedrooms

Units Available Units Vacancy Rates

Studio 1 0 0%

One 48 2 4.2%

Two 353 22 6.2%

Three 452 14 3.1%

Four 174 4 2.3%

Don’t know 1,512 47 3.1%

Total 2,540 89 3.5%




Table I.64 displays the vacancy rate of apartment units by the number of bedrooms. The most

common apartment units were Two-bedroom units, which had a vacancy rate of 4.8 percent.

Table I.64 Apartment Units by Bedroom Size


Number of Bedrooms

Units Available Units Vacancy Rates

Efficiency 855 38 4.4%

One 9,818 423 4.3%

Two 10,052 485 4.8%

Three 1,782 73 4.1%

Four 196 5 2.6%

Don’t know 19,897 1,261 6.3%

Total 42,600 2,285 5.4%

Average market-rate rents by unit type are shown in Table I.65. Not all respondents were able to

disclose the rental amounts for their units, so there may be some statistical aberrations in the

computed rental rates, but generally those units with more bedrooms had higher rents.

Table I.65 Average Market Rate Rents by Bedroom Size


Number of Bedrooms

Single-Family Units

Apartment Units

Mobile Homes

“Other” Units

Total

Efficiency $350 $610.20 $0 $0 $603.20

One $535 $629.10 $350 $0 $625.80

Two $683.50 $774.70 $642.50 $778.30 $762.90

Three $833 $1,012.30 $757.30 $962.50 $943.80

Four $1117.70 $1,252.30 $0 $0 $1,158.50

Total $899.00 $745.70 $677.30 $1,001.20 $797.50




Table I.66 shows the average rental rates for assisted units by bedroom size and unit type. Since

assistance is often based on income of the resident or other case by case determinations average

assisted rents can vary across bedroom size.

Table I.66 Average Assisted Rate Rents by Bedroom Size


Number of Bedrooms

Single-Family Units

Apartment Units

Mobile Homes

“Other” Units Total

Efficiency $0 $412.50 $0 $0 $412.50

One $516.70 $504.10 $0 $0 $505.10

Two $633.30 $625.30 $0 $0 $624.70

Three $760.80 $757.40 $550 $0 $751.20

Four $976.70 $847.20 $0 $0 $895.80

Total $745.20 $570.50 $550 $0 $583.20

Table I.67 shows vacancy rates for single-family units by average rental rates for State of Iowa. The

most common rent for single-family units was between 500 and 749 dollars and the units in this price

range had a vacancy rate of 3.8 percent.

Table I.67 Single-Family Market Rate Rents by Vacancy Status


Average Rents Single-Family

Units

Available Single-Family

Units Vacancy Rate

Less Than $500 63 5 7.9%

$500 to $749 1,064 40 3.8%

$750 to $999 373 13 3.5%

$1,000 to $1,249 578 6 1%

$1,250 to $1,499 154 21 13.6%

Above $1,500 72 1 1.4%

Missing 236 3 1.3%

Total 2,540 89 3.5%




The average rent and availability of apartment units is displayed in Table I.68. The most common

rent for apartments was between 750 and 999 dollars and the units in this price range had a vacancy

rate of 6 percent.

Table I.68 Apartment Market Rate Rents by Vacancy Status


Average Rents Apartment

Units Available

Apartment Units Vacancy Rate

Less Than $500 1,734 130 7.5%

$500 to $749 9,483 468 4.9%

$750 to $999 14,825 885 6%

$1,000 to $1,249 7,230 310 4.3%

$1,250 to $1,499 705 52 7.4%

Above $1,500 288 11 3.8%

Missing 8335 429 5.1%

Total 42,600 2,285 5.4%

Respondents were asked if utilities are included in the rent and as shown in Table I.69, 400

respondents, or 61 percent, included some sort of utility in the rent.

Table I.69 Are there any utilities included with

the rent? State of Iowa

2020 Survey of Rental Properties

Period Respondent

Yes 400

No 256

% Offering Utilities 61%

The type of utility included in the rent is shown in Table I.70. There were 69 respondents who

included electricity, 104 respondents who included natural gas, 360 respondents who included water

and sewer and 361 respondents included trash collection in the rent.

Table I.70 Which utilities are included with the rent?


Type of Utility Provided Respondent

Electricity 69

Natural Gas 104

Water/Sewer 360

Trash Collection 361




Perceived Need for Rental Units

Table I.71, at right, shows the number of survey respondents

who keep a waiting list. As can be seen 191 respondents

said they keep a waitlist, with an estimated 2,313 persons

on the wait list.

Respondents were also asked how they would rate the need

for renovating existing units. As shown in Table I.72, 64

respondents said there was no need for renovating single-

family units, with 32 respondents saying there was extreme

need for renovating single-family units. Likewise, 65

respondents indicated no need for renovating existing apartment units, with 30 respondents saying

there was extreme need for renovating existing apartment units.

Table I.72 How would you rate the need for renovation of existing units in the city?


Need Single-Family Apartments Mobile Homes Other Units

No Need 64 65 65 36

Low Need 135 137 122 69

Moderate Need 131 133 127 58

High Need 55 54 53 23

Extreme Need 32 30 31 19

Average Need 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6

Respondents were also asked how they would rate the need for the constructing new units. As shown

in Table I.73, 237 respondents said there was no need for new single-family units, with 36

respondents saying there was extreme need for constructing new single-family units. Likewise, 238

respondents indicated no need for new apartment units, with 40 respondents saying there was

extreme need for constructing new apartment units.

Table I.73 How would you rate the need for construction of new units in the city?


Need Single-Family Apartments Mobile Homes Other Units

No Need 237 238 244 141

Low Need 79 79 49 19

Moderate Need 50 48 38 15

High Need 24 23 18 4

Extreme Need 36 40 29 11

Average Need 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6

Table I.71 Do you keep a waiting list?


Period Respondent

Yes 191

No 458

Waitlist Size 2,313




2020 Housing Needs Forecast

The 2020 Housing Needs Forecast reports housing demand projections from 2020 to 2050, with a

base year of 2020.

This forecast spans the period of 2020 through 2050 and offer predictions of the demand for housing.

This report uses the modified population projections based on projections released from Woods &

Poole Economic, Inc (W&P).

Income categories were calculated using the Housing and Urban Development CHAS

(Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy) data and are expressed as a percentage of area

Median Family Income (MFI). This distribution is assumed to remain constant over the forecast

horizon. Homeownership rates were forecasted based on historical trends.

Table I.74 shows household forecasts by tenure and income, from the Strong growth model. In the

Strong growth scenario, by 2050, State of Iowa will have 175,272 households making between 30.1

and 50 percent MFI, 124,505 households making between 80.1 and 95 percent MFI, and 545,349

households making above 115 percent MFI.

In 2020, there were 1,304,463 total households in State of Iowa, made up of 381,736 renter

households and 922,727 homeowner households. By 2030, the number of households is forecasted

to have grown to 1,351,277 total households, made up of 392,192 renter households and 959,085

homeowner households. At the end of the forecast period, 2050, State of Iowa is forecasted to have

1,021,117 homeowner households, and 413,339 renter households, for a total of 1,434,456

households. By 2050, the number of renter households is forecasted to have increased by 50,636

households, while the number of homeowner households increased by 126,965 households.




Table I.74 Housing Demand Forecast

State of Iowa Strong Growth Scenario

Income (% of MFI)

2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Owner

0-30% 57,983 59,020 60,295 61,329 62,150 62,895 63,676

30.1-50% 84,532 85,813 87,448 88,856 90,041 91,125 92,267

50.1-80% 156,242 158,698 161,856 164,562 166,832 168,897 171,065

80.1-95% 83,684 85,141 86,985 88,582 89,944 91,199 92,520

95.1-115% 105,732 107,501 109,786 111,756 113,422 114,949 116,554

115+% 434,554 442,525 452,715 461,759 469,702 477,161 485,036

Total 922,727 938,698 959,085 976,843 992,091 1,006,227 1,021,117

Renter

0-30% 104,187 105,374 107,492 109,256 110,757 112,163 113,575

30.1-50% 76,778 77,523 78,831 79,988 81,032 82,015 83,005

50.1-80% 85,142 85,950 87,379 88,643 89,798 90,894 91,998

80.1-95% 29,518 29,852 30,366 30,817 31,222 31,602 31,985

95.1-115% 29,986 30,302 30,821 31,276 31,686 32,072 32,462

115+% 56,125 56,527 57,303 58,083 58,859 59,583 60,314

Total 381,736 385,528 392,192 398,064 403,355 408,329 413,339

Total

0-30% 162,170 164,394 167,787 170,585 172,908 175,058 177,251

30.1-50% 161,310 163,336 166,279 168,844 171,073 173,140 175,272

50.1-80% 241,383 244,647 249,235 253,205 256,630 259,791 263,063

80.1-95% 113,202 114,993 117,351 119,399 121,166 122,801 124,505

95.1-115% 135,718 137,803 140,607 143,032 145,109 147,022 149,016

115+% 490,680 499,053 510,018 519,842 528,560 536,744 545,349

Total 1,304,463 1,324,226 1,351,277 1,374,906 1,395,446 1,414,556 1,434,456




Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS)

The following table set shows Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data.

Each year, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) receives custom

tabulations of American Community Survey (ACS) data from the U.S. Census Bureau. These data,

known as the "CHAS" data (Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy), demonstrate the extent

of housing problems and housing needs, particularly for low income households. The CHAS data are

used by local governments to plan how to spend HUD funds, and may also be used by HUD to

distribute grant funds.

To make this dataset more accessible to the average user the income brackets were replaced with

actual Median Family Income (MFI) from State of Iowa. Below is a table showing the MFI breakdown:

State of Iowa

Income Brackets Actual Income

0 - 30% MFI $0 to $23,070

30.1% - 50% MFI $23,071 to $38,450

50.1% - 80% MFI $38,451 to $61,520

80.1% - 100% MFI $61,521 to $76,900

100% + MFI Above $76,900

Housing Problems by Income, Race, and Tenure

Table I.75 through Table I.80 show households with housing problems by race/ethnicity. These tables

can be used to determine if there is a disproportionate housing need for any racial or ethnic groups.

If any racial/ethnic group faces housing problems at a rate of ten percentage points or high than the

jurisdiction average, then they have a disproportionate share of housing problems. Housing problems

are defined as any household that has overcrowding, inadequate kitchen or plumbing facilities, or

are cost burdened (pay more than 30 percent of their income on housing). In State of Iowa, housing

problems are faced by 136,710 white homeowner households, 2,815 black homeowner households,

2,520 Asian homeowner households, and 6,255 Hispanic homeowner households.




Table I.75 Percent of Homeowner Households with Housing Problems by Income and Race

State of Iowa 2012–2016 HUD CHAS Data

Income

Non-Hispanic by Race Hispanic

(Any Race) Total

White Black Asian American

Indian

Pacific

Islander

Other

Race

With Housing Problems

$0 to $23,070 75.6% 85.2% 77.5% 55.9% 100% 78.6% 77.4% 75.9%

$23,071 to $38,450 43.8% 56.3% 71% 48.1% 100% 71.8% 58.4% 45.1%

$38,451 to $61,520 26% 42.7% 39.5% 27.1% 50% 23.2% 36.5% 26.7%

$61,521 to $76,900 13% 10% 24.4% 6.2% 57.1% 18.7% 14% 13.2%

Above $76,900 3.3% 5.8% 7.5% 11.8% 0% 6.2% 4.9% 3.5%

Total 16.4% 30.6% 25.2% 27.7% 51.4% 25.5% 27.9% 17%

Without Housing Problems

$0 to $23,070 16.3% 5.4% 14.5% 38.2% 0% 9.5% 11.2% 15.9%

$23,071 to $38,450 56.2% 43.7% 29% 51.9% 0% 28.2% 41.6% 54.9%

$38,451 to $61,520 74% 57.3% 60.5% 72.9% 50% 76.8% 63.5% 73.3%

$61,521 to $76,900 87% 90% 75.6% 93.8% 42.9% 81.3% 86% 86.8%

Above $76,900 96.7% 94.2% 92.5% 88.2% 100% 93.8% 95.1% 96.5%

Total 83.1% 68.1% 74.3% 71.5% 48.6% 73.1% 71.3% 82.5%




Table I.76 Homeowner Households with Housing Problems by Income and Race


Income


(Any Race) Total


Indian Pacific

Islander Other Race


$0 to $23,070 38,880 1,095 535 95 40 495 1,315 42,455

$23,071 to $38,450 32,880 645 650 130 4 370 2,015 36,694

$38,451 to $61,520 36,330 735 590 80 10 215 2,050 40,010

$61,521 to $76,900 12,965 110 330 4 20 130 465 14,024

Above $76,900 15,655 230 415 65 0 160 410 16,935

Total 136,710 2,815 2,520 374 74 1,370 6,255 150,118


$0 to $23,070 8,400 70 100 65 0 60 190 8,885

$23,071 to $38,450 42,105 500 265 140 0 145 1,435 44,590

$38,451 to $61,520 103,630 985 905 215 10 710 3,570 110,025

$61,521 to $76,900 86,810 990 1,020 60 15 565 2,860 92,320

Above $76,900 452,840 3,710 5,145 485 45 2,440 7,940 472,605

Total 693,785 6,255 7,435 965 70 3,920 15,995 728,425

Not Computed

$0 to $23,070 4,130 120 55 10 0 75 195 4,585

$23,071 to $38,450 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

$38,451 to $61,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

$61,521 to $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Above $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 4,130 120 55 10 0 75 195 4,585

Total

$0 to $23,070 51,410 1,285 690 170 40 630 1,700 55,925

$23,071 to $38,450 74,985 1,145 915 270 4 515 3,450 81,284

$38,451 to $61,520 139,960 1,720 1,495 295 20 925 5,620 150,035

$61,521 to $76,900 99,775 1,100 1,350 64 35 695 3,325 106,344

Above $76,900 468,495 3,940 5,560 550 45 2,600 8,350 489,540

Total 834,625 9,190 10,010 1,349 144 5,365 22,445 883,128




In total, some 149,400 renter households face housing problems in State of Iowa. Of these, some

116,680 white renter households, 13,775 black renter households, 4,620 Asian renter households,

and 10,325 Hispanic renter households face housing problems.

Table I.77 Renter Households with Housing Problems by Income and Race


Income


(Any Race) Total


Indian Pacific

Islander Other Race


$0 to $23,070 58,325 8,295 2,480 535 50 1,660 4,945 76,290

$23,071 to $38,450 38,025 4,035 970 345 10 860 3,115 47,360

$38,451 to $61,520 15,755 1,100 595 145 70 200 1,460 19,325

$61,521 to $76,900 1,865 145 310 15 45 10 300 2,690

Above $76,900 2,710 200 265 10 0 45 505 3,735

Total 116,680 13,775 4,620 1,050 175 2,775 10,325 149,400


$0 to $23,070 12,930 850 155 95 25 180 430 14,665

$23,071 to $38,450 20,835 1,510 280 60 60 500 1,690 24,935

$38,451 to $61,520 50,785 3,625 1,240 310 20 975 3,990 60,945

$61,521 to $76,900 28,915 1,275 705 50 35 660 1,810 33,450

Above $76,900 59,595 2,660 2,550 195 100 955 2,880 68,935

Total 173,060 9,920 4,930 710 240 3,270 10,800 202,930

Not Computed

$0 to $23,070 4,870 775 940 35 30 60 485 7,195

$23,071 to $38,450 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

$38,451 to $61,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

$61,521 to $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Above $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 4,870 775 940 35 30 60 485 7,195

Total

$0 to $23,070 76,125 9,920 3,575 665 105 1,900 5,860 98,150

$23,071 to $38,450 58,860 5,545 1,250 405 70 1,360 4,805 72,295

$38,451 to $61,520 66,540 4,725 1,835 455 90 1,175 5,450 80,270

$61,521 to $76,900 30,780 1,420 1,015 65 80 670 2,110 36,140

Above $76,900 62,305 2,860 2,815 205 100 1,000 3,385 72,670

Total 294,610 24,470 10,490 1,795 445 6,105 21,610 359,525




Table I.78 Percent of Renter Households with Housing Problems by Income and Race


Income Non-Hispanic by Race

Hispanic (Any Race)

Total White Black Asian

American Indian

Pacific Islander

Other Race


$0 to $23,070 76.6% 83.6% 69.4% 80.5% 47.6% 87.4% 84.4% 77.7%

$23,071 to $38,450 64.6% 72.8% 77.6% 85.2% 14.3% 63.2% 64.8% 65.5%

$38,451 to $61,520 23.7% 23.3% 32.4% 31.9% 77.8% 17% 26.8% 24.1%

$61,521 to $76,900 6.1% 10.2% 30.5% 23.1% 56.2% 1.5% 14.2% 7.4%

Above $76,900 4.3% 7% 9.4% 4.9% 0% 4.5% 14.9% 5.1%

Total 39.6% 56.3% 44% 58.5% 39.3% 45.5% 47.8% 41.6%

Without year s

$0 to $23,070 17% 8.6% 4.3% 14.3% 23.8% 9.5% 7.3% 14.9%

$23,071 to $38,450 35.4% 27.2% 22.4% 14.8% 85.7% 36.8% 35.2% 34.5%

$38,451 to $61,520 76.3% 76.7% 67.6% 68.1% 22.2% 83% 73.2% 75.9%

$61,521 to $76,900 93.9% 89.8% 69.5% 76.9% 43.8% 98.5% 85.8% 92.6%

Above $76,900 95.7% 93% 90.6% 95.1% 100% 95.5% 85.1% 94.9%

Total 58.7% 40.5% 47% 39.6% 53.9% 53.6% 50% 56.4%

Overall, there are 299,518 households, or 24.1 percent of households with housing problems in State

of Iowa. This includes 253,390 white households, 16,590 black households, 7,140 Asian

households, 1,424 American Indian, 249 Pacific Islander, and 4,145 “other” race households with

housing problems. In addition, there are 16,580 Hispanic households with housing problems. This

is shown in Table I.80.

Table I.79 Percent of Total Households with Housing Problems by Income and Race


Income


(Any Race) Total


Indian Pacific

Islander Other Race


$0 to $23,070 76.2% 83.8% 70.7% 75.4% 62.1% 85.2% 82.8% 77.1% $23,071 to $38,450 53% 70% 74.8% 70.4% 18.9% 65.6% 62.1% 54.7% $38,451 to $61,520 25.2% 28.5% 35.6% 30% 72.7% 19.8% 31.7% 25.8% $61,521 to $76,900 11.4% 10.1% 27.1% 14.7% 56.5% 10.3% 14.1% 11.7% Above $76,900 3.5% 6.3% 8.1% 9.9% 0% 5.7% 7.8% 3.7%

Total 22.4% 49.3% 34.8% 45.3% 42.3% 36.1% 37.6% 24.1%


$0 to $23,070 16.7% 8.2% 6% 19.2% 17.2% 9.5% 8.2% 15.3% $23,071 to $38,450 47% 30% 25.2% 29.6% 81.1% 34.4% 37.9% 45.3% $38,451 to $61,520 74.8% 71.5% 64.4% 70% 27.3% 80.2% 68.3% 74.2% $61,521 to $76,900 88.6% 89.9% 72.9% 85.3% 43.5% 89.7% 85.9% 88.3% Above $76,900 96.5% 93.7% 91.9% 90.1% 100% 94.3% 92.2% 96.3%

Total 76.8% 48.1% 60.3% 53.3% 52.6% 62.7% 60.8% 74.9%




Table I.80 Total Households with Housing Problems by Income and Race


Income


(Any Race) Total


Indian Pacific

Islander Other Race


$0 to $23,070 97,205 9,390 3,015 630 90 2,155 6,260 118,745

$23,071 to $38,450 70,905 4,680 1,620 475 14 1,230 5,130 84,054

$38,451 to $61,520 52,085 1,835 1,185 225 80 415 3,510 59,335

$61,521 to $76,900 14,830 255 640 19 65 140 765 16,714

Above $76,900 18,365 430 680 75 0 205 915 20,670

Total 253,390 16,590 7,140 1,424 249 4,145 16,580 299,518


$0 to $23,070 21,330 920 255 160 25 240 620 23,550

$23,071 to $38,450 62,940 2,010 545 200 60 645 3,125 69,525

$38,451 to $61,520 154,415 4,610 2,145 525 30 1,685 7,560 170,970

$61,521 to $76,900 115,725 2,265 1,725 110 50 1,225 4,670 125,770

Above $76,900 512,435 6,370 7,695 680 145 3,395 10,820 541,540

Total 866,845 16,175 12,365 1,675 310 7,190 26,795 931,355

Not Computed

$0 to $23,070 9,000 895 995 45 30 135 680 11,780

$23,071 to $38,450 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

$38,451 to $61,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

$61,521 to $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Above $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 9,000 895 995 45 30 135 680 11,780

Total

$0 to $23,070 127,535 11,205 4,265 835 145 2,530 7,560 154,075

$23,071 to $38,450 133,845 6,690 2,165 675 74 1,875 8,255 153,579

$38,451 to $61,520 206,500 6,445 3,330 750 110 2,100 11,070 230,305

$61,521 to $76,900 130,555 2,520 2,365 129 115 1,365 5,435 142,484

Above $76,900 530,800 6,800 8,375 755 145 3,600 11,735 562,210

Total 1,129,235 33,660 20,500 3,144 589 11,470 44,055 1,242,653




Table I.81 through Table I.84 present the number and percent of households experiencing a severe

housing problem, by race and ethnicity. Severe housing problems include overcrowding at a rate of

more than 1.5 persons per room and housing costs exceeding 50 percent of the household income.

Severe housing problems are experienced by some 121,120 white households, 10,405 black

households, 5,210 Asian households, as well as 10,500 Hispanic homeowner households.

Table I.81 Percent of Homeowner Households with Severe Housing Problems by Income and Race



Hispanic (Any Race)


American Indian

Pacific Islander

Other Race

With A Severe Housing Problem

$0 to $23,070 52.8% 74.3% 65.2% 44.1% 100% 57.1% 56.5% 53.6%

$23,071 to $38,450 17.1% 33.3% 46.4% 24.1% 0% 52.9% 31.3% 18.5%

$38,451 to $61,520 5.9% 11% 16.4% 1.4% 0% 6.5% 16.4% 6.4%

$61,521 to $76,900 2.8% 3.6% 14.1% 0% 57.1% 10.8% 7.8% 3.1%

Above $76,900 1% 1.8% 2.8% 3.6% 0% 0.2% 3.7% 1.1%

Total 6.7% 17.8 14.6% 12.2% 41.7% 14.3% 15.7% 7.2%

Without A Severe Housing Problems

$0 to $23,070 39.1% 16.3% 26.8% 50% 0% 31% 32.1% 38.2%

$23,071 to $38,450 82.9% 66.7% 53.6% 75.9% 100% 47.1% 68.7% 81.5%

$38,451 to $61,520 94.1% 89% 83.6% 98.6% 100% 93.5% 83.6% 93.6%

$61,521 to $76,900 97.2% 96.4% 85.9% 100% 42.9% 89.2% 92.2% 96.9%

Above $76,900 99% 98.2% 97.2% 96.4% 100% 99.8% 96.3% 98.9%

Total 92.8% 80.9% 84.8% 87.1% 58.3% 84.3% 83.4% 92.3%

Table I.82

Percent of Renter Households with Severe Housing Problems by Income and Race State of Iowa

2012–2016 HUD CHAS Data

Income


(Any Race) Total


Indian Pacific

Islander Other Race


$0 to $23,070 61.3% 69.5% 65.6% 63.9% 47.6% 63.3% 72.7% 63%

$23,071 to $38,450 19% 22.4% 38.2% 6.1% 14.3% 20.1% 22% 19.7%

$38,451 to $61,520 7.1% 6.8% 20.7% 5.5% 73.7% 0.9% 16.7% 8%

$61,521 to $76,900 3.1% 8.8% 28.4% 21.4% 56.2% 0.6% 12.1% 4.6%

Above $76,900 3.2% 6.8% 8.9% 4.9% 0% 4.5% 14.6% 4.1%

Total 22.2% 35.8% 35.7% 27.7% 38.9% 25.1% 32.3% 24.2%


$0 to $23,070 32.3% 22.7% 8.1% 30.8% 23.8% 33.5% 19% 29.7%

$23,071 to $38,450 81% 77.6% 61.8% 93.9% 85.7% 79.9% 78% 80.3%

$38,451 to $61,520 92.9% 93.2% 79.3% 94.5% 26.3% 99.1% 83.3% 92%

$61,521 to $76,900 96.9% 91.2% 71.6% 78.6% 43.8% 99.4% 87.9% 95.4%

Above $76,900 96.8% 93.2% 91.1% 95.1% 100% 95.5% 85.4% 95.9%

Total 76.1% 61% 55.4% 70.4% 38.9% 73.9% 65.5% 73.8%




Table I.83 Percent of Total Households with Severe Housing Problems by Income and Race



Hispanic (Any Race)


American Indian

Pacific Islander

Other Race


$0 to $23,070 57.9% 70% 65.5% 59.9% 62.1% 61.8% 69% 59.6%

$23,071 to $38,450 17.9% 24.3% 41.7% 13.2% 13.5% 29.1% 25.8% 19.1%

$38,451 to $61,520 6.3% 7.9% 18.8% 3.9% 60.9% 3.3% 16.5% 7%

$61,521 to $76,900 2.8% 6.5% 20.3% 11.1% 56.5% 5.8% 9.5% 3.5%

Above $76,900 1.3% 3.9% 4.8% 4% 0% 1.4% 6.8% 1.5%

Total 10.7% 30.9% 25.4% 21.1% 39.6% 20.1% 23.8% 12.1%


$0 to $23,070 35.1% 22% 11.1% 34.7% 17.2% 32.9% 22% 32.8%

$23,071 to $38,450 82.1% 75.7% 58.3% 86.8% 86.5% 70.9% 74.2% 80.9%

$38,451 to $61,520 93.7% 92.1% 81.2% 96.1% 39.1% 96.7% 83.5% 93%

$61,521 to $76,900 97.2% 93.5% 79.7% 88.9% 43.5% 94.2% 90.5% 96.5%

Above $76,900 98.7% 96.1% 95.2% 96% 100% 98.6% 93.2% 98.5%

Total 88.5% 66.4% 69.7% 77.5% 55.4% 78.7% 74.6% 86.9%




Table I.84 Total Households with Severe Housing Problems by Income and Race


Income


(Any Race) Total


Indian Pacific

Islander Other Race


$0 to $23,070 73,795 7,845 2,795 500 90 1,560 5,220 91,805

$23,071 to $38,450 23,980 1,620 905 90 10 545 2,135 29,285

$38,451 to $61,520 12,915 510 625 29 70 70 1,830 16,049

$61,521 to $76,900 3,685 165 480 15 65 79 515 5,004

Above $76,900 6,745 265 405 30 0 49 800 8,294

Total 121,120 10,405 5,210 664 235 2,303 10,500 150,437


$0 to $23,070 44,745 2,465 475 290 25 830 1,660 50,490

$23,071 to $38,450 109,860 5,060 1,265 590 64 1,330 6,125 124,294

$38,451 to $61,520 193,585 5,930 2,705 720 45 2,035 9,235 214,255

$61,521 to $76,900 126,875 2,360 1,890 120 50 1,285 4,920 137,500

Above $76,900 524,060 6,540 7,965 725 145 3,550 10,935 553,920

Total 999,125 22,355 14,300 2,445 329 9,030 32,875 1,080,459

Not Computed

$0 to $23,070 9,000 895 995 45 30 135 680 11,780

$23,071 to $38,450 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

$38,451 to $61,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

$61,521 to $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Above $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 9,000 895 995 45 30 135 680 11,780

Total

$0 to $23,070 127,540 11,205 4,265 835 145 2,525 7,560 154,075

$23,071 to $38,450 133,840 6,680 2,170 680 74 1,875 8,260 153,579

$38,451 to $61,520 206,500 6,440 3,330 749 115 2,105 11,065 230,304

$61,521 to $76,900 130,560 2,525 2,370 135 115 1,364 5,435 142,504

Above $76,900 530,805 6,805 8,370 755 145 3,599 11,735 562,214

Total 1,129,245 33,655 20,505 3,154 594 11,468 44,055 1,242,676




Housing problems are explored by type and income in Table I.85 and Table I.86. More than 149,090

households have a cost burden and 118,370 have a severe cost burden. Some 62,300 renter

households are impacted by cost burdens, and 67,790 are impacted by severe cost burdens. On the

other hand, some 86,790 owner-occupied households have cost burdens, and 50,580 have severe

cost burdens. Overall, there are 931,350 households without a housing problem.

Table I.85 Percent of Housing Problems by Income and Tenure


Housing Problem $0 to

$23,070 $23,071 to

$38,450 $38,451 to

$61,520 $61,521 to

$76,900 Above $76,900

Total

Owner-Occupied

Lacking complete plumbing or kitchen facilities

1.7% 0.9% 0.5% 0.5% 0.3% 0.5%

Severely Overcrowded with > 1.51 people per room (and complete kitchen and plumbing)

0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2%

Overcrowded - With 1.01-1.5 people per room (and none of the above problems)

0.9% 1.2% 1.4% 1.1% 0.6% 0.8%

Housing cost burden greater that 50% of income (and none of the above problems)

51.2% 17.4% 4.4% 1.3% 0.3% 5.6%

Housing cost burden greater than 30% of income (and none of the above problems)

21.6% 27.6% 20.4% 10.2% 2.4% 9.6%

Zero/negative income (and none of the above problems)

9.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5%

has none of the 4 housing problems

15.2% 52.7% 72.9% 86.8% 96.4% 82.8%

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Renter-Occupied

Lacking complete plumbing or kitchen facilities

2.6% 3.5% 2.3% 1.5% 1.6% 2.4%


0.9% 1.1% 1.0% 0.9% 0.6% 0.9%


2.0% 2.6% 2.8% 2.0% 1.7% 2.2%


57.9% 13.9% 2.7% 0.5% 0.3% 18.3%


14.0% 46.6% 17.6% 3.4% 1.0% 17.4%


8.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0%

has none of the 4 housing problems

14.6% 32.3% 73.8% 91.7% 94.8% 56.7%

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%




Table I.86 Housing Problems by Income and Tenure


Housing Problem $0 to

$23,070 $23,071 to

$38,450 $38,451 to

$61,520 $61,521 to

$76,900 Above

$76,900 Total

Owner-Occupied

Lacking complete plumbing or kitchen facilities 1,000 675 905 445 1,200 4,225


160 170 350 150 525 1,355


675 940 1,915 1,320 2,305 7,155


28,165 13,265 6,435 1,410 1,305 50,580


12,455 21,645 30,405 10,690 11,595 86,790


4,590 0 0 0 0 4,590

has none of the 4 housing problems 8,880 44,585 110,020 92,320 472,605 728,410

Total 55,925 81,280 150,030 106,335 489,535 883,105

Renter-Occupied

Lacking complete plumbing or kitchen facilities 2,560 2,390 1,805 540 1,175 8,470


725 935 515 355 300 2,830


1,985 1,925 2,210 625 1,260 8,005


56,525 8,985 1,905 150 225 67,790


14,490 33,125 12,885 1,025 775 62,300


7,190 0 0 0 0 7,190


Total 98,140 72,295 80,265 36,155 72,670 359,525

Total

Lacking complete plumbing or kitchen facilities 3,560 3,065 2,710 985 2,375 12,695


885 1,105 865 505 825 4,185


2,660 2,865 4,125 1,945 3,565 15,160


84,690 22,250 8,340 1,560 1,530 118,370


26,945 54,770 43,290 11,715 12,370 149,090


11,780 0 0 0 0 11,780


Total 154,065 153,575 230,295 142,490 562,205 1,242,630




Cost Burdens

For owner occupied housing, elderly non-family households are more likely to be impacted by

housing cost burdens, with 28.7 percent of these households having a cost burden or severe cost

burden. For lower income owner households, elderly non-family households and large families are

most likely to experience cost burdens. Some 72.7 percent of elderly non-family and 79.7 percent of

large family households below 30 percent HAMFI face cost burdens or severe cost burdens. These

data are shown in Table I.87

Table I.88 displays cost burden in renter-occupied households by family status and income. Renter

households tend to be impacted at a higher rate by cost burdens than owner households. Some

65,660 renter occupied households faced cost burdens, compared to 88,015 owner occupied

households. Of these, there are 15,610 renter households with incomes less than 30 percent HAMFI

facing housing problems.

Statewide 88,015 owner-occupied households and 65,660 renter occupied households are

experiencing a housing cost burden greater than 30 percent of their income, for a total of 153,675

households experiencing a cost burden. An additional 51,640 owner-occupied households and

72,875 renter-occupied households experienced a severe cost burden greater than 50 percent of their

income.

Overall 15.8 percent of owner-occupied household’s and 38.6 percent of renter-occupied

households are cost- or severely cost burdened throughout the state.3

3 Calculated from CHAS data tables I.87 and I.88




Table I.87 Owner-Occupied Households by Income and Family Status and Cost Burden


Income Elderly Family

Small Family

Large Family

Elderly Non-Family

Other Household

Total

No Cost Burden

$0 to $23,070 1,235 1,575 345 4,755 1,410 9,320

$23,071 to $38,450 11,575 6,930 2,445 19,410 5,460 45,820

$38,451 to $61,520 30,265 31,485 9,310 24,690 17,100 112,850

$61,521 to $76,900 22,860 36,235 9,225 10,510 15,310 94,140

Above $76,900 95,035 263,885 42,580 25,135 49,925 476,560

Total 160,970 340,110 63,905 84,500 89,205 738,690

Cost Burden

$0 to $23,070 1,810 1,980 565 6,295 2,300 12,950

$23,071 to $38,450 3,220 5,775 1,850 7,580 3,525 21,950

$38,451 to $61,520 5,150 11,705 2,535 4,120 7,175 30,685

$61,521 to $76,900 1,930 4,665 855 975 2,350 10,775

Above $76,900 2,420 5,905 725 595 2,010 11,655

Total 14,530 30,030 6,530 19,565 17,360 88,015

Severe Cost Burden

$0 to $23,070 3,165 7,185 1,315 9,790 7,415 28,870

$23,071 to $38,450 2,030 4,195 1,025 3,645 2,605 13,500

$38,451 to $61,520 1,300 2,275 490 1,130 1,310 6,505

$61,521 to $76,900 270 645 125 175 215 1,430

Above $76,900 290 625 80 180 160 1,335

Total 7,055 14,925 3,035 14,920 11,705 51,640

Cost Burden Not Computed

$0 to $23,070 550 855 135 1,270 1,980 4,790

$23,071 to $38,450 0 0 0 0 0 0

$38,451 to $61,520 0 0 0 0 0 0

$61,521 to $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0

Above $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 550 855 135 1,270 1,980 4,790

Total

$0 to $23,070 6,760 11,595 2,360 22,110 13,105 55,930

$23,071 to $38,450 16,825 16,900 5,320 30,635 11,590 81,270

$38,451 to $61,520 36,715 45,465 12,335 29,940 25,585 150,040

$61,521 to $76,900 25,060 41,545 10,205 11,660 17,875 106,345

Above $76,900 97,745 270,415 43,385 25,910 52,095 489,550

Total 183,105 385,920 73,605 120,255 120,250 883,135




Table I.88 Renter-Occupied Households by Income and Family Status and Cost Burden


Income Elderly Family

Small Family

Large Family

Elderly Non-Family

Other Household

Total

No Cost Burden

$0 to $23,070 400 2,745 465 6,860 4,835 15,305

$23,071 to $38,450 1,435 7,780 1,855 6,940 9,380 27,390

$38,451 to $61,520 3,230 23,555 4,785 6,230 26,840 64,640

$61,521 to $76,900 1,710 14,180 2,475 2,135 14,285 34,785

Above $76,900 4,065 29,305 4,150 4,685 29,080 71,285

Total 10,840 77,565 13,730 26,850 84,420 213,405

Cost Burden

$0 to $23,070 380 4,100 800 4,130 6,200 15,610

$23,071 to $38,450 1,355 11,920 2,345 5,855 13,285 34,760

$38,451 to $61,520 600 4,845 630 1,945 5,155 13,175

$61,521 to $76,900 235 190 10 270 420 1,125

Above $76,900 185 175 15 505 110 990

Total 2,755 21,230 3,800 12,705 25,170 65,660

Severe Cost Burden

$0 to $23,070 835 17,295 2,975 8,125 30,405 59,635

$23,071 to $38,450 400 2,080 320 3,365 3,970 10,135

$38,451 to $61,520 255 195 15 1,415 580 2,460

$61,521 to $76,900 50 0 0 175 30 255

Above $76,900 35 0 0 340 15 390

Total 1,575 19,570 3,310 13,420 35,000 72,875

Cost Burden Not Computed

$0 to $23,070 100 1,345 235 985 4,920 7,585

$23,071 to $38,450 100 0 0 0 0 0

$38,451 to $61,520 0 0 0 0 0 0

$61,521 to $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0

Above $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 100 1,345 235 985 4,920 7,585

Total

$0 to $23,070 1,715 25,485 4,475 20,100 46,360 98,135

$23,071 to $38,450 3,190 21,780 4,520 16,160 26,635 72,285

$38,451 to $61,520 4,085 28,595 5,430 9,590 32,575 80,275

$61,521 to $76,900 1,995 14,370 2,485 2,580 14,735 36,165

Above $76,900 4,285 29,480 4,165 5,530 29,205 72,665

Total 15,270 119,710 21,075 53,960 149,510 359,525




In total, some 153,674 households face cost burdens, and 124,505 face severe cost burdens. This

includes 88,015 owner households and 65,659 renter households with a cost burden, as seen in

Table I.89.

Table I.89 Households with Cost Burden by Tenure and Race


Race No Cost Burden

Cost Burden Severe Cost

Burden Not

Computed Total

Owner-Occupied

White 701,570 81,845 46,930 4,280 834,625

Black 6,505 1,210 1,315 155 9,185

Asian 7,920 1,145 885 55 10,005

American Indian 1,005 205 130 10 1,350

Pacific Islander 90 15 40 0 145

Other Race 4,045 630 615 75 5,365

Hispanic 17,545 2,965 1,725 210 22,445

Total 738,680 88,015 51,640 4,785 883,120

Renter-Occupied

White 179,420 53,410 56,695 5,080 294,605

Black 10,725 5,405 7,520 815 24,465

Asian 6,000 1,075 2,420 995 10,490

American Indian 760 565 435 35 1,795


Other Race 3,385 1,265 1,390 60 6,100

Hispanic 12,760 3,935 4,345 570 21,610

Total 213,405 65,659 72,865 7,585 359,514

Total

White 880,990 135,255 103,625 9,360 1,129,230

Black 17,230 6,615 8,835 970 33,650

Asian 13,920 2,220 3,305 1,050 20,495

American Indian 1,765 770 565 45 3,145


Other Race 7,430 1,895 2,005 135 11,465

Hispanic 30,305 6,900 6,070 780 44,055

Total 952,085 153,674 124,505 12,370 1,242,634




Lead-Based Paint Risks

Table I.90 shows the risk of lead-based paint for households with young children present. As seen

therein, there are an estimated 73,560 households built between 1940 and 1979 with young children

present, and 47,550 built prior to 1939.

Table I.90 Vintage of Households by Income and Presence of Young

Children State of Iowa

2012–2016 HUD CHAS Data

Income One or more

children age 6 or younger

No children age 6 or younger

Total

Built 1939 or Earlier

$0 to $23,070 5,415 34,290 39,705

$23,071 to $38,450 6,220 34,830 41,050

$38,451 to $61,520 11,925 54,815 66,740

$61,521 to $76,900 7,255 31,370 38,625

Above $76,900 16,735 109,345 126,080

Total 47,550 264,650 312,200

Built 1940 to 1979

$0 to $23,070 9,435 56,755 66,190

$23,071 to $38,450 9,610 59,240 68,850

$38,451 to $61,520 15,045 87,245 102,290

$61,521 to $76,900 10,480 53,490 63,970

Above $76,900 28,990 188,575 217,565

Total 73,560 445,305 518,865

Built 1980 or Later

$0 to $23,070 7,010 41,155 48,165

$23,071 to $38,450 6,600 37,070 43,670

$38,451 to $61,520 9,280 51,985 61,265

$61,521 to $76,900 7,160 32,745 39,905

Above $76,900 37,300 181,260 218,560

Total 67,350 344,215 411,565

Total

$0 to $23,070 21,860 132,200 154,060

$23,071 to $38,450 22,430 131,140 153,570

$38,451 to $61,520 36,250 194,045 230,295

$61,521 to $76,900 24,895 117,605 142,500

Above $76,900 83,025 479,180 562,205

Total 188,460 1,054,170 1,242,630




Elderly Housing Needs

Table I.91 shows the rate of housing problems for elderly households. Some 51,255 elderly and

44,310 extra-elderly households have housing problems. Of these, some 17,330 elderly households

with housing problems have incomes less than 30 percent HAMFI, and 18,685 extra-elderly

households have incomes below 30 percent HAMFI.

Table I.91 Households with Housing Problems by Income and Elderly Status


Income Elderly Extra-Elderly Non-Elderly Total


$0 to $23,070 17,330 18,685 82,725 118,740

$23,071 to $38,450 14,830 14,900 54,320 84,050

$38,451 to $61,520 11,455 7,090 40,780 59,325

$61,521 to $76,900 3,545 1,460 11,715 16,720

Above $76,900 4,095 2,175 14,390 20,660

Total 51,255 44,310 203,930 299,495


$0 to $23,070 5,400 7,790 10,355 23,545

$23,071 to $38,450 16,395 23,165 29,955 69,515

$38,451 to $61,520 38,465 30,185 102,315 170,965

$61,521 to $76,900 26,935 13,850 84,995 125,780

Above $76,900 110,730 36,285 394,530 541,545

Total 197,925 111,275 622,150 931,350

Not Computed

$0 to $23,070 1,355 1,545 8,880 11,780

$23,071 to $38,450 0 0 0 0

$38,451 to $61,520 0 0 0 0

$61,521 to $76,900 0 0 0 0

Above $76,900 0 0 0 0

Total 1,355 1,545 8,880 11,780

Total

$0 to $23,070 24,085 28,020 101,960 154,065

$23,071 to $38,450 31,225 38,065 84,275 153,565

$38,451 to $61,520 49,920 37,275 143,095 230,290

$61,521 to $76,900 30,480 15,310 96,710 142,500

Above $76,900 114,825 38,460 408,920 562,205

Total 250,535 157,130 834,960 1,242,625




Iowa Real Estate Transactions

Real estate transactions for the State of Iowa as reported by the Iowa Department of Revenue are

presented below. In 2019, single-family units had an average sales price of 174,782 dollars, while

duplex units had an average sales price of 123,651 dollars. In comparison, the average sales price of

a Townhouse or Condo was 190,051 dollars in 2019.

Table I.92 Average Sales Price by Unit Type

State of Iowa Iowa Real Estate Transactions 2016 - 2019

Unit Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 Average

Single Family $148,969 $158,080 $163,170 $174,782 $160,887

Duplex $111,275 $121,418 $121,671 $123,651 $120,006

Tri/Four Plex $83,110 $93,913 $104,193 $92,648 $94,639

Townhouse/Condo $164,626 $174,676 $185,427 $190,051 $178,833

Multi-Family $314,022 $314,699 $299,566 $327,128 $312,337

Mobile Home $89,196 $91,332 $153,140 $115,385 $114,821

The number of transactions by unit type are presented below for State of Iowa. In 2019, there were

34,645 single-family home sales, 3,724 townhouse/condo unit sales, and 309 apartment unit sales.

Table I.93 Number of Transactions by Unit Type


Unit Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total

Single Family 37,389 57,674 55,205 34,645 184,913

Duplex 730 1,175 1,215 738 3,858

Tri/Four Plex 159 235 236 126 756

Townhouse/Condo 3,855 5,813 5,635 3,724 19,027

Multi-Family 315 565 504 309 1,693

Mobile Home 182 257 277 152 868

The average sales price of a single-family home built before 1939 in State of Iowa was 95,335 dollars

in 2019, compared to 332,981 dollars for a single-family home built after 2010. The average sales

price of a single-family home sold in State of Iowa between 2016 and 2019 is 160,887 dollars.




Table I.94 Average Sales Price of Single-Family Transactions by Year

Built State of Iowa

Iowa Real Estate Transactions 2016 - 2019

Year Built 2016 2017 2018 2019 Average

Before 1939 $80,153 $87,339 $89,224 $95,335 $87,945

1940 - 1949 $96,390 $102,179 $103,304 $108,948 $102,594

1950 - 1959 $107,448 $113,755 $118,660 $123,553 $115,718

1960 - 1966 $132,414 $139,833 $147,654 $152,234 $142,946

1970 - 1979 $152,920 $158,898 $165,135 $173,004 $162,116

1980 -1989 $176,626 $188,999 $198,896 $209,363 $193,116

1990 -1999 $230,686 $239,706 $245,042 $256,186 $242,494

2000 -2009 $261,610 $274,551 $283,593 $291,109 $277,348

2010 or Later $300,461 $315,757 $326,850 $332,981 $320,405

Average $148,969 $158,080 $163,170 $174,782 $160,887

The number of single-family homes sold by year built in State of Iowa is presented below. In 2019

there was a total of 34,645 single-family homes sold, with 3,535 homes built between 1970 and

1979, 1,447 homes built between 1980 and 1989, and 2,442 homes built between 1990 and 1999

being sold. In total, there have been 184,913 single-family homes sold in State of Iowa between 2016

and 2019.

Table I.95 Number of Single-Family Transactions by Year Built


Year Built 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total

Before 1939 11,413 18,318 17,786 10,460 57,977

1940 - 1949 2,063 3,197 3,030 1,885 10,175

1950 - 1959 4,705 6,991 6,825 4,156 22,677

1960 - 1966 3,856 5,804 5,602 3,478 18,740

1970 - 1979 3,961 5,862 5,562 3,535 18,920

1980 -1989 1,626 2,278 2,194 1,447 7,545

1990 -1999 2,687 4,017 3,726 2,442 12,872

2000 -2009 3,706 5,537 4,824 3,175 17,242

2010 or Later 3,071 5,434 5,577 4,021 18,103

Total 37,389 57,674 55,205 34,645 184,913




Housing Summary Between 2010 and 2019, the number of housing units in Iowa increased from 1,336,417 to

1,418,626 units, or by 6.2 percent. In 2019, the State of Iowa had a total of 11,875 total housing

units permitted, including 7,880 single family units. Single-family construction usually represents

most residential development in the state. Single family permits peaked in 2005 during the buildup

of the housing bubble and reached a low of 5,705 in 2009 during the great recession.

Over 90.6 percent of housing units were occupied in 2018, down from 91.4 percent in 2010. Owner-

occupied housing also fell between 2010 and 2018, from 72.1 percent to 71.1 percent. Meanwhile,

renter-occupied housing units increased from 27.9 percent in 2010 to 28.9 percent in 2018. Vacant

housing units grew during this same period, from 8.6 percent in 2010 to 9.4 percent in 2018.

The disposition of vacant housing units shifted between 2010 and 2018. While for rent units declined

from 27.7 percent in 2010 to 19.6 percent in 2018. Meanwhile, “other” vacant units grew from 31.5

percent in 2010 to 42 percent in 2018. “Other” vacant units are not for sale or rent, or otherwise

available to the marketplace, and may be problematic if concentrated in certain areas.

The value of single-family homes in the State has risen in recent years, from $186,450 in 2000 to an

all-time high of $251,517 in 2019.

Households are classified as having housing problems if they face overcrowding, incomplete

plumbing or kitchen facilities, or cost burdens. In 2018, an estimated 1.2 percent of households were

overcrowded, and an additional 0.4 percent were severely overcrowded. An estimated 0.3 percent

of households had incomplete plumbing facilities, and 0.9 percent had incomplete kitchen facilities.

The most common housing problem in Iowa was cost burdens, with 149,090 households

experiencing a housing cost burden greater than 30 percent of their income, and an additional

118,370 households experiencing a severe cost burden greater than 50 percent of their income.

Renters were most likely to be cost burdened, with 71,015 low-income renters experiencing a 30

percent or 50 percent cost burden in Iowa.

From February through April of 2020, a telephone survey was conducted with landlords and rental

property managers throughout Iowa and represents 51,220 total units. The overall vacancy rate was

4.9 percent. Single family homes had a vacancy rate of 3.5 percent, while apartments and mobile

homes had a vacancy rate of 5.4 percent, and 8.3 percent, respectively. The most common rent for

single family units was between 500 and 749 dollars.

By 2030, the number of households is forecasted to have grown to 1,351,277 total households, made

up of 392,192 renter households and 959,085 homeowner households. At the end of the forecast

period, 2050, State of Iowa is forecasted to have 1,021,117 homeowner households, and 413,339

renter households, for a total of 1,434,456 households. By 2050, the number of renter households is

forecasted to have increased by 50,636 households, while the number of homeowner households

increased by 126,965 households.

Please visit the Iowa State Profile ashboard I.pdfIowa Profile I.5 Final Report: 8/1/2019 Section I. Demographics Statewide Population The Census Bureau’s current census estimates

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