Please choose a topic. nowpast future nowpast future.

Please choose a Please choose a topictopic

nowpast future

nowpast future

nowpast future

nowpast future

uses examples

Facts/truth The sun rise from the east.

Habitual action We eat dinner at 7:00 everyday.

Momentary action He wins the match.

Talking about the future

The TV programme starts at 8:00.

nowpast future

UsesUses ExamplesExamplesDescription of actions happening now It’s raining

Indicating change My father’s hair is falling out!

Talking about temporary situation Jill’s working in hotel for the summer.

Talking about the fiture What are you doing on Saturday?

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UsesUses ExamplesExamplesFinished events(usually specific time)

When i was young, I hated school.

Repeated actions in the past Every day last week we had a Maths test

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UsesUses ExamplesExamplesTemporanry actions in progress in the past

It was raining yesterday morning.

A simultaneous continuous action +when

We were laughing when he saw us.

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UsesUses ExamplesExamplesRecent past with indefinite adverbs of time

It’s just started to rain.

Past events without a specifictine I’ve been to China three times.

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UsesUses ExamplesExamplesFor the earlier of two past actions When I arrived, they ferry has gone.

In reported speech Sally said she’d seen a ghost.

nowpast future

UsesUses ExamplesExamples

Describing an action in progress in the past befpre another action

He had been waiting for an hour when i arrived.

nowpast future

Uses Examples

Continuous past action----finished or continuing

They’ve been sitting down all day.

I’ve been studying English for seven years.

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Uses ExamplesMaking decisions/threats/promises I think I’ll go to bed now.

Expressing opinions I know you’ll pass.

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Uses ExampleMaking offers, requests, suggesrions Will you meet me later?

Stating intentions/plans/predicionas We’re going to have a picnic next week.

She’s going to have a body.

nowpast future

Uses ExamplesDescribing future events, plans or intentions

This time tommorow we’ll be leaving.

Expressing expectations Their plane will be landing soon.

nowpast future

Uses Examples

Talking about actions that we know will be completed by a certain time in the future

Next year, I’ll have been in Hong Kong for ten years.

Talking about actions that we think will be completed by a certain time in the future

They will have arrived by now.

nowpast future

Uses Examples

Talking about the duration of a continuous action or event up to a future point of time

By the end of month, he will have beem working here for ten years.

Uses If we use the active voice, it is the person or thing that does an action that is important.

Example Mr Tse coaches the football team.

Notice In this sentice, we are talking about Mr Tse, so it is natural to use the active voice and say what he does.

Uses If we use the passive voice, the person or thing that does the action is not so important.

Example The football team is coached by Mr Tse.

Notice In this sentice, we are talking about the football team, so it is natural to use the passive voice. This sentence might be part of a longer paragraph where Mr Tse isn’t quite so important

The point of forming indirect sentence

1.Use that to connect the stagement

2.Change pronouns

3.Change the tenses usually.(Look at the table)

4.Sometimes stay the tense as the reported statement is always

true or still true.

5.Tense stayed also when the verb of speech is in the present

tense.

6.infinitives stay the same.

Direct speech Indirect speech

Simple present→ Simple past

Present continuous → Past continuous

Simple past → Past perfect

Present perfect → Past perfect/past

Past countionous → Past countinuous/

Past perfect countinous

Past perfect → Past perfect

Will/ shall → Would/ should

Can/ may → Could/ might

Could/ ought to / might/ should/ would →

Could/ ought to. Might/ should/ would/

must → Must/ had to

Direct speech Indirect speechSimple present→ Simple past












I like milk.

Present tense

Pronoun need to be change

He said that he liked milk.













I’m listening.

Change tense

Present con. →

past con.

Change pronoun

He said that he was listening.













I didn’t do it.

Change tense

Simple past → past perfect

Change pronoun

He said he hadn’t done it.













You’ve eaten my moon cake.

Change pronoun

Change tense

Present perfect→

Past perfect

He said that he had eaten his moon cake.













I was sleeping.

Change pronoun Change tense

Past con. → past perfect con.

He said that he had been sleeping













Change pronoun

‘I hadn’t realised that he was only joking.’

Change tense

Past & psdt perfect→ past perfect

He said he hadn’t realised that he had only been joking.













I’ll find them

Change

pronounChange tense

will→would

He said that he would find them













Change pronoun

I can’t hear you.

Change tense

can→could

He said that he couldn’t hear me.













‘You ought to go there.’

He said that I ought to go there.

‘I would do if I

could.’

She said that she would do it if she could.

Change pronoun No change

No change

Change pronoun













‘You must do it.’

He said that I had to do it.

Change pronoun

No change

In reported question, you should remember that the question need to change into the sentence form that:

The subject comes before the verb.

Do is not used

Question marks are not used

If and whether are used with Yes/No questions that do not have a word likes who, how, where to introduce them.

“what are you drinking?’ →He asked what I was drinking.

Change pronoun

‘Have you finished your homework?’ →He ask me if I finished my homework.

Change tense

Presene perfect →past

Relative clauses have two used:

1.join clauses together

2.except for whose, they act as the subjects or objects of clauses.

Main relative pronouns Used

Which Animal or thing

Who People

Whom People object

whose To explain a people

Generally we use ‘which’ when we need to explain some animals or tings.

I’ve got the answer. You were looking for it.

Same object =which

I’ve got the answer which you were looking for.

We use ‘who’ for the explain or combine two sentence which talking about same subject as an person

The man is very generous.

The man lives next to us.

Talking about the same man=

who

The man who lives next to us is veru generous.

The ‘whom’ is similiar to ‘who’ but ‘whom’ must used as a object.

He is a man.

I like him.

Object/people=

Whom/who

He is a man who/whom i like.

Whose has two used:

It joins claused together.

It replaces his, her, its or their.

An orphan is a child.

His parents have died.

His↓

whose

An orphan is a child whose parents have died.

Gerunds is the –ing form which used as a noun.

Gerunds can used as a subject or object.

Gerunds can also have their own objects.

Gerunds can used after preposition.

e.g. Eating too much makes you fat.

I don’t like reading.

objectsubject

Eating fried food makes you fat.

I don’t like reading history books.object

Undo your shoelaces before taking off your shoes.

I look forward to meeting you.

Sometime we can’t use gerund to followed some very but infinitive.There are some common verbs:

Afford Agree Appear Arrange Attempt

Decide Fail Forget Hope Learn(how)

Manage Offer Plab Retend Promoise

Refuse Seem Tend Threaten

They have agreed to get married next year.

Don’t pretend to be something that you are not.

Melanie promoised to keep the news a secret, but she didn’t.

Please choose a topic. nowpast future nowpast future.

Documents

future slide

topic slide

future events

future point of time

maths test slide

past events

certain time

simultaneous continuous