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StrikesStrikesThe workers protest for a The workers protest for a voice during the Industrial voice during the Industrial

Revolution.Revolution.

What is a strike?• Protest by workers.

• Workers refuse to work until their requests/demands are met.

• Result could be to slow down, stop working, or walk off of the job.

Why Go On Strike?Why Go On Strike?• Poor working conditions.Poor working conditions.

• Workers want “8 , 8 , 8”Workers want “8 , 8 , 8”

• “ “8 hour day 10 hours pay”8 hour day 10 hours pay”

• There was a need for higher wages.There was a need for higher wages.

• Workers were not allowed to organize.Workers were not allowed to organize.

Famous Strikes• The Railroad Strike of 1877The Railroad Strike of 1877

• Haymarket Riot of 1886Haymarket Riot of 1886

• The Homestead Strike of 1892The Homestead Strike of 1892

• The Pullman Strike of 1894The Pullman Strike of 1894

Green Bay Packer Fan Strike of Green Bay Packer Fan Strike of 20082008

Railroad Strike of 1877

• U.S. still recovering from 1873 Depression.

• Railroad owners cut workers wages.

• Workers let loose with pent-up frustration across the country.

Causes:

Railroad Strike of 1877 (cont.)

Actions Taken: President Rutherford B.

Hayes calls in Federal Troops to take control and open up Railroads.

Railroads re-open with soldiers help after several months of destruction.

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

• Over 100+ people killed across the country.

• The city of Chicago had been shut down.

• Anarchist unions get a “black eye” in terms of public reaction.

Results:

Haymarket Riot – 1886

• Workers at the McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. in Chicago protest for an 8 hour work day – Go on strike May 1st.

• May 3rd protest between strikers and temporary hires (Scabs) turns violent.

• The Chicago Police kill several Strikers trying to restore order.

Causes:

Haymarket Riot of Haymarket Riot of 18861886

• Organizers (Knights of Labor) call for Organizers (Knights of Labor) call for a rally to keep the peace – May 3a rally to keep the peace – May 3rdrd..

• May 4May 4thth 3,000 workers show up in the 3,000 workers show up in the evening to hear protest speeches. evening to hear protest speeches. – The police showed up to control The police showed up to control the crowd.the crowd.

– A bomb exploded in the ranks of A bomb exploded in the ranks of the police killing seven.the police killing seven.

Actions Taken:

Haymarket Riot - 1886Haymarket Riot - 1886

• American Public is outraged.American Public is outraged.

• Union membership across the Union membership across the country drops drastically.country drops drastically.

• Several Union leaders are put Several Union leaders are put on trial and hanged for inciting on trial and hanged for inciting the crowd.the crowd.

ResultsResults:

Dedicated plaque in Dedicated plaque in ChicagoChicago

for the Haymarket Riotfor the Haymarket Riot

The Homestead Strike of 1892The Homestead Strike of 1892Carnegie Steel Company in Homestead, PA.Carnegie Steel Company in Homestead, PA.

Causes:

• Plant manager Plant manager (Henry Clay Frick) refused to renegotiate a new union refused to renegotiate a new union contract.contract.

• Frick cut wages and refused to Frick cut wages and refused to deal with the union. deal with the union. (Carnegie agrees and backs Frick)

• By late June 1892 workers call for By late June 1892 workers call for a STRIKE! a STRIKE!

Homestead Strike gets ugly!

• Frick tries to “lockout” the Strikers – hires “scabs”.

• Pinkertons are hired by Frick to protect “scabs”.

• Pinkertons – mill workers clash – July 6, 1892.

Actions Taken:

Battle for the Homestead Mill – July 6, 1892Battle for the Homestead Mill – July 6, 1892

Homestead Strike gets ugly!

• Frick tries to “lockout” the Strikers.

• Pinkertons are hired by Frick to protect “scabs”.

• Pinkertons – mill workers clash – July 6, 1892.

• Pennsylvania Governor calls in State Militia to restore order.

Actions Taken:

Homestead Strike fades away…….

• Workers wages had dropped from an average of $2.25 to $1.89 per day average.

• It would be 45 years before a Union would receive another contract in a Carnegie Steel Mill.

Results:

The Pullman Strike of 1894

• George Pullman – Company Town.

• A recession in 1893 caused Pullman to lay-off workers and cut the wages.

• When the recession was over he re-hired workers, but at the reduced wage 25-40% less.

• When Pullman listened to the grievances of several workers they were fired.

• Workers go on strike!!! A.R.U. –Eugene Debs

Causes:

What happens next…….

• Rail workers refused to touch or hook-up Pullman cars to others.

• Railroad owners get an injunction.

• All U.S. Mail cars must be attached to Pullman Cars.

Actions Taken:

Pullman Strike

- Workers return for lower wages.

- Negative reaction by most people in the U.S. towards UNIONS!!!!!!

Results:

So what do we know about The So what do we know about The Strikes of the Industrial Strikes of the Industrial

Revolution?Revolution?• Most strikes were very unsuccessful.Most strikes were very unsuccessful.• The American public in general The American public in general did did

not likenot like or trust the “Anarchist or trust the “Anarchist Unions”.Unions”.

• Strikes were often violent and did Strikes were often violent and did not create a positive result for the not create a positive result for the workers.workers.

• The economy suffered when major The economy suffered when major strikes occurred. strikes occurred.

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