Play

PLAY

PLAYRANGE OF VOLUNTARY, INTRINSICALLY

MOTIVATED ACTIVITIES NORMALLY ASSOCIATED WITH PLEASURE AND ENJOYMENT

WORK OF THE CHILDRENA WAY OF LIVING,DAILY WORK OF THE CHILD

AND IT SATISFIES THE NEED OF THE CHILD.IT ACT AS A TOOL FOR ASSESSING STRESS

CRIETERIAIT IS VOLUNTARYINTERNALLY MOTIVATEDUNIQUE TO EACH CHILDACTIVE WITH MOTION AND COGNITION

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PLAY Play is child-chosen.Play is child-invented. Play is pretend but done as if the activity

were real.Play focuses on the doing (process, not

product).Play is done by the players (children), not the

adults(caregivers, teachers, or parents). Play requires active involvement.Play is pleasurableIt is marked by flexibility

VALUES OF PLAY PHYSICAL VALUE INTELLECTUAL VALUE MORAL VALUE CREATIVE VALUE THERAPEUTIC VALUE SOCIALIZATION 

PHYSICAL VALUEMuscular & sensory abilities are developed . Infants

& young children develop their sensory abilities through the tactile, visual and auditory sensations derived from playing with rattles balls & other toys

Toddlers & preschool children enjoy large muscle activity such as running, climbing & exploring the environment . School age children organize their movements into more complex forms like bicycle riding, racing.

INTELLECTUAL VALUE

Children learn the differences in sizes, shape, colors, textures, numbers, & names of the objects. They learn to understand special relationships, to do abstract thinking ,& to engage in problem solving activities. Distinguished what is real & what is unreal/ fantasy.

MORAL VALUECultural values like honesty , integrity,

sportsmanship, & compassion are learned. They assumes responsibility for their own actions. should adhere to the group values & can be expelled if they don’t.

 CREATIVE VALUE Playing with materials like clay , paper & finger

paints. Children are most creative when they are playing alone. They carry their new discoveries to the outside world of play.

THERAPEUTIC VALUEPlay provides the release of stress and tension.

Children express their emotions and test out frightening situations in a way that peers and adults can accept. They reveal themselves through play.

Nurses can carefully observe the play of children & determine needs , concerns & feelings that cannot be put in to words. Children should be protected if they become aggressive & should be guided into less aggressive type of play

SOCIALIZATIONSocial & emotional development is enhanced

through play. When they play with adults , parents and peers they develop social relationship.

TYPES1. PLAY WITH MOTION AND INTERACTION2. PLAY WITH OBJECTS3. PLAY WITH LANGUGE4. PLAY WITH RULES5. PLAY WITH SOCIAL MATERIAL-EXPLORE

RELATION BETWEEN OBJECTS, ACTIONS, AND PEOPLE

6. RITUALISTIC PLAY-IT IS THE CONTROLLED RHYTHMIC REPETETION OF ACTIVITIES (TAKING DOLL AND GOING TO BED)

CLASSIFICATION

PLAY

CONTENT

SOCIAL CHARECTER

SOCIAL AFFECTIVE

SENSE PLEASURE

SKILL PLAY

UNOCCUPIED BEHAVIOUR

DRAMATIC / PRETEND

GAMES

ON LOOKER

SOLITARY

PARALLEL

ASSOCIATIVE

CO OPERATIVE

CONTENT OF PLAY This involves physical aspects of the play along with the social relationships. It follows a directional trend of simple to complex 

SOCIAL AFFECTIVE PLAY Play begins with social affective play, where in

infants take pleasure in relationships with people. As the adults talk, touch, nuzzle etc.. to get response from the infant the child soon learns to provoke personal emotions / responses with such behaviors smiling , cooing, or initiating games 

SENSE PLEASURE PLAY A non social stimulating experience. Objects in the

environment like light & color, taste & odors , textures and consistencies attract children’s attention stimulates their senses & give pleasure 

 Pleasurable experiences are derived from handling raw materials ( water , sand & food…), from body motions (swinging, bouncing , rocking… ) & from other uses of senses and abilities (smelling , humming..)

SKILL PLAY After infants develops the ability to grasp and

manipulates, they demonstrate & exercise their newly acquired abilities through skill play. Determination to practice a skill may be evident Pain and frustration may be felt. ( e.g. bicycle riding)

 UN OCCUPIED BEHAVIOR Here children are not playful but focuses their

attention on anything that strikes their interest. Children may daydream, fiddle with cloths(touch things with no particular purpose) / other objects or walks aimlessly. This is different from onlooker play (who actively observes others activity.) 

 DRAMATIC OR PRETEND PLAY Also known as symbolic / pretend play Begins in

late infancy (11- 13 months) to preschool age. By acting out events of daily life children learn and practice the role and identities , modeled by members of their family & society

 GAMESTypes Of Play With Specific Rules And Regulations

 DRAMATIC OR PRETEND PLAY

 GAMES

SOCIAL CHARECTERSolitary play

Children play alone with toys; make no attempt to interact

Onlooker behaviorChildren spend most of their time watching

others; may make comments but do not interact

Solitary play Onlooker behavior

Parallel playChildren play beside but not really with other

childrenAssociative play

Children engage in rather disorganized play with other children

Cooperative play Children engage in an organized form of play

Parallel play Associative playCooperative play

PLAY IN ILLNESS

PLAY THERAPYit is a form of psychotherapy since 1900. Play

therapy is generally employed with children aged 3 through 11 and provides a way for them to express their experiences and feelings through a natural, self-guided, self-healing process. As children’s experiences and knowledge are often communicated through play, it becomes an important vehicle for them to know and accept themselves and others.

THERAPUTIC PLAYIt is the use of play specially as a languge for sick

children to communicate their thoughts and feeling

MEDICAL PLAYIt is a type of play which concentrates on events

in health care settings such as injection, or procedures

CHARACTERISTICS 

1.   Part of its content medically themed and / or it     includes the use of medical equipment. 

2. Play may be offered or initiated by an adult/parent,    but is voluntarily maintained by the child. 

3. Medical play is usually enjoyable for the child and is     often accompanied by laughter and relaxation.      However, the process of play can be intense and     aggressive. 

4. Medical play and preparation are not the same.      They are not interchangeable.  When an adult     attempts to prepare a child for a medical event by     demonstrating a procedure or familiarizing a child     with equipment, education may occur, but not     necessarily play.  Play may follow familiarization if     play opportunities are made available. 

PURPOSESProvides diversion and brings interactionHelps to feel more secure in strange environmentLessens stress of seperationRelease of tension and expression of feelingEncourage interaction and development of positive attitudeAn expressive outlet for creative ideasMeans for accomplishing theraputic goalProvide the child an active role

TYPES OF MEDICAL PLAY

MEDICAL PLAY

ROLE REHARSAL/REVERSAL

PLAY

MEDICAL FANTASY MEDICAL ART

INDIRECT MEDICAL PLAY

Role Rehearsal / Role Reversal This is the most traditional medical play. Children take on the roles of health care professionals, acting out medical procedures and events on dolls, puppets, stuffed animals or other people (children or adults).  Real medical materials and equipment is used, as well as specially made toys created for medical play, such as toy doctor kits, a patient puppet, a doll sized MRI or hospital bed.  Children often use this type of medical play to re-enact events they have experienced. 

Medical Fantasy Play This also involves role playing medical themes.  However, traditional play materials, blocks, doll houses, cars, trucks and stuffed animals are used to create roles and stories for medical play, instead of actual medical equipment. In medical fantasy play, children avoid contact with feared objects, but can still play out topics of concern.  Many children who choose this type of medical play later progress to using medical equipment.  No specialized materials are required for this type of medical play. 

Indirect Medical Play

Indirect Medical Play 

Hospital themed activities such as puzzles, games and songs enable familiarization, exploration and education relating to medical experiences. This type of play also uses medical materials in non-traditional ways, such as using syringes to squirt water, and using IV tubing as drinking straws. 

Medical Art 

This offers many different ways for a child to express themselves, their understanding of and reactions to their medical experience.  Art activities can vary greatly, including painting, drawing, collage and 3D sculptures.  

Basic art materials are appropriate: paint, paper, markers and glue offer a wide range of choices.  Including some medical materials, such as band aids, plasters, gauze and tongue depressors can enhance the medical theme. 

TOYS

DEFINITIONThe word “Toy” comes from an old English term

that means :TOOLToys are TOOLS for a child. With these tools, children are allowed to use their

senses, fine and gross motor skills, and their imaginations.

Cognitive and social skills are also increased as a child plays with toys.

Toys are valuable TEACHING tools.

TYPES of TOYSSoft & Cuddling Toys

Dolls, stuffed animals, etc. Manipulation/Small Motor Skill Toys

Blocks, puzzles, snap, gears, games, etc.Large Motor Skill Toys

Tricycles/bikes, balls, jump ropes, scooters, etc.Dramatic Play

Dress-up clothes, furniture and accessories, etc.

SELECTION OF TOYSMake sure the toy is DAP

Toys for age-appropriate development of the childSIZE of toy and pieces

Larger than the child’s two fists

No SHARP edges or points Broken toys should be fixed or thrown away

NON-TOXIC materials Avoid all painted toys for babies & toddlers

DURABLE, WASHABLE and CLEAN Toy’s that won’t break easily Toys that can be cleaned easily

TEACH a Skill or ConceptAide in one of the 5 areas of Child Development

TOYS SAFETYRegularly check toys for damage that may have created

sharp edges or loose small parts. Damaged or dangerous toys should be repaired or thrown away immediately.

Keep toys intended for older children away from younger children – such toys may injure younger children.

Store toys safely. Teach children to put toys away so they are not tripping hazards.

Safe toys for young children are:well-made (with no shared parts or splinters and do not

pinch)painted with nontoxic, lead-free paintshatter-proofeasily cleaned

TOYS FOR DIFFERENT AGE GROUP

AGE TOYS GENERAL CONSIDERATION

INFANCY SOFT STUFFED ANIMALS,DOLLS, SOFT BALLS, BATH TOYS,

•BABY LIKES TO HUG TOYS•IT SHOULD BE BRIGHT COLOURED AND WASHABLE•IT SHOULB BE LARGE AND HAVE SMOOTH EDGES

AGE TOYS GENERAL CONSIDERATION

TODDLER POTS AND PANS,PUSH AND PULL TOYS, DOLLS TELEPHONE, ROCKING HORSE OR CHAIR, BALLS

•THEY WILL HAVE A FAVOURITE TOY•THEY LIKE TO PLACE THINGS IN CONTAINERSAND TAKE THEM OUT•THEY MAY INJUR OTHERS WITH TOYS SO IT SHOULD BE WITHOUT SHARP EDGES

AGE TOYS GENERAL CONSIDERATION

PRESCHOOLER

CRYONS, SIMPLE PUZZLES,PAINT WITH LARGE BRUSH, FINGER PAINT, DOLLS, DISHES, HORNS, DRUMS, SIMPLE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, VIDEO TAPES

•THEY ENJOY PARALLEL AND COOPERATIVE PLAY•THEY WILL EXCHANGE IDEAS WITH OTHERS•THEY WILL ENGAGE IN ACTIVITIES , INITIATIVE, IMAGINATIVE•INTERESTED IN CREATIVE AND DRAMATIC PLAY

AGE TOYS GENERAL CONSIDERATION

SCHOOLER DOLLS,DOLL HOUSE, HANDI CRAFTS, TABLE GAMES, JUMP ROPE, BICYCLE, DRESS UP MATERIAL, PUPPETS,MUSIC

•ATTENTION SPAN INCREASES•PLAY IS MORE ORGANIZED AND COMPETATIVE•INTERESTED IN HOBBIES OR COLLECTION OFTHINGS

AGE TOYS GENERAL CONSIDERATION

ADOLOSCENT BALLS. TELEPHONE, RADIOS, EASY PUZZLES, HAND PUPPETS, CUTOUTS

•REQUIRES A GREAT EXPENDITURE OF ENERGY•PAY ATTENTION TO SPECIAL INTERESTS