Plant Structure & Function Ms. Williams Biology
Jan 05, 2016
Plant Structure & FunctionPlant Structure & Function
Ms. WilliamsBiology
Ms. WilliamsBiology
Plant Tissue SystemsPlant Tissue Systems
Dermal Tissue - covers the outside of the plant and protects it; outermost layer
Ground Tissue - provides support and stores material in roots and stems; middle layer
Dermal Tissue - covers the outside of the plant and protects it; outermost layer
Ground Tissue - provides support and stores material in roots and stems; middle layer
Plant Tissue SystemsPlant Tissue Systems
Vascular Tissue - transports water, mineral nutrients and organic compounds to all parts of the plant; surrounded by ground tissue
Vascular Tissue - transports water, mineral nutrients and organic compounds to all parts of the plant; surrounded by ground tissue
Two types of vascular tissue
Two types of vascular tissue
Xylem - carries water and dissolved materials up the plant from the roots
Phloem - carries sugars from photosynthesis down from the leaves
Xylem - carries water and dissolved materials up the plant from the roots
Phloem - carries sugars from photosynthesis down from the leaves
Xylem & Phloem in a StemXylem & Phloem in a Stem
RootsRoots
Anchor the plant into the soilAbsorbs water and minerals from
the soil; this is done through a process called osmosis
Anchor the plant into the soilAbsorbs water and minerals from
the soil; this is done through a process called osmosis
RootsRoots
Parts of rootsVascular cylinder - the center of the
root, made of xylem and phloemRoot hairs - increase the surface area
of a rootRoot cap - protects the tip of rootMeristem - area of active cell growth
Parts of rootsVascular cylinder - the center of the
root, made of xylem and phloemRoot hairs - increase the surface area
of a rootRoot cap - protects the tip of rootMeristem - area of active cell growth
RootsRoots
Types of rootsFibrous roots - roots make fine
branches in which most of the roots are the same size
Taproot - have a long, thick, vertical root with smaller branchesThese can sometimes store food
Types of rootsFibrous roots - roots make fine
branches in which most of the roots are the same size
Taproot - have a long, thick, vertical root with smaller branchesThese can sometimes store food
Types of RootsTypes of Roots
StemsStems
Support plantsTransport materials
Water moves up a stem through a process called capillary action
Sugars move down a stem through a process called translocation
Support plantsTransport materials
Water moves up a stem through a process called capillary action
Sugars move down a stem through a process called translocation
StemsStems
Provide storageSome stems grow underground,
like potatoes
Provide storageSome stems grow underground,
like potatoes
StemsStems
Stems can grow 2 different waysPrimary growth - lengthens roots &
stemsSecondary growth - widens roots and
stemsThis is how you get tree rings, which tell
you the age of a tree
Stems can grow 2 different waysPrimary growth - lengthens roots &
stemsSecondary growth - widens roots and
stemsThis is how you get tree rings, which tell
you the age of a tree
LeavesLeaves
Contain chloroplasts which are the chlorophyll containing organelles used in photosynthesis
The blade is usually broad and flat and it collects the sunlight for the plant
The petiole connects the blade to the stem
Contain chloroplasts which are the chlorophyll containing organelles used in photosynthesis
The blade is usually broad and flat and it collects the sunlight for the plant
The petiole connects the blade to the stem
LeavesLeaves
The xylem and phloem make up the veins in a leaf
The xylem and phloem make up the veins in a leaf
LeavesLeaves
The upper part of the leaf is where photosynthesis takes place
The underside of the leaf has stomata and is the site of transpiration and gas exchange
Stomata are pores on the underside of the leaf that are surrounded by guard cells
The upper part of the leaf is where photosynthesis takes place
The underside of the leaf has stomata and is the site of transpiration and gas exchange
Stomata are pores on the underside of the leaf that are surrounded by guard cells
Stomata & guard cellsStomata & guard cells
LeavesLeaves
More than 90% of the absorbed water into a plant is lost to the atmosphere as water vapor through the stomataThis process is known as transpiration
More than 90% of the absorbed water into a plant is lost to the atmosphere as water vapor through the stomataThis process is known as transpiration
TranspirationTranspiration